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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:220px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\">French Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">[&#8216;Base a&#233;rienne 701 &ldquo;G&#233;n&#233;ral Pineau&rdquo;&#8217;]<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (air force academy and home of the Patrouille de France)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LFMY<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,001 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1936<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Falcon Photography \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>D&#233;partement<\/b>Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>60 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>43.6031 N, 5.1083 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Salon-de-Provence is where French air force officers are made. The &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air was created in 1935 and moved here in 1937; it took as its motto <em>Faire face<\/em> &mdash; face up to it &mdash; from the Escadrille des Cigognes, and the memorial on the base is to Georges Guynemer, the fighter pilot who first used the phrase. The academy is now the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace, a full grande &#233;cole awarding engineering degrees, and it trains officers of the air force and of a long list of partner countries.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1964 it has also been home to the Patrouille de France, the air force display team and one of the oldest in the world. The team flew the Fouga Magister until 1980 and has flown the Alpha Jet since 1981; the eight aircraft that trail blue, white and red smoke down the Champs-&#201;lys&#233;es every 14 July take off from here. The competition aerobatic team, the &#201;quipe de voltige, shares the base and has produced world champions.<\/p>\n<p>The airfield itself is modest by French standards &mdash; a single 2,001-metre concrete runway &mdash; which suits a base whose flying is training, display and light aircraft rather than fast jets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,001 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.07623,43.59232,5.14037,43.61388\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.07816,43.58855,5.13844,43.61765\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.09341,43.59232,5.12319,43.61388\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Dans ce moment particulier, chaque &#233;quipier r&#233;agit au son de la voix du leader. C&rsquo;est une mentalisation de nos gestes. [&#8230;] Chaque ann&#233;e, trois pilotes int&#232;grent la PAF et nous gardons la m&#234;me expertise depuis 1953.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Commandant Decorte<\/b><span>Leader de la Patrouille de France (Athos 1)<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/actualites\/90-ans-patrouille-france-au-palais-congres-versailles\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es, conference for the 90 years of the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace, Palais des congr&#232;s de Versailles, 27 June 2024<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Jeune &#233;cole qui d&#232;s les premi&#232;res ann&#233;es s&rsquo;&#233;gale aux plus anciennes. Les &#233;l&#232;ves form&#233;s aux exaltantes et rigoureuses disciplines de l&rsquo;air, stimul&#233;s par l&rsquo;exemple de leurs anciens, ont su victorieusement Faire Face &#224; l&rsquo;ennemi dans tous les ciels de bataille. [&#8230;] Magnifique &#233;cole de formation militaire, particuli&#232;rement vou&#233;e au culte des valeurs morales du soldat, elle s&rsquo;est r&#233;v&#233;l&#233;e une p&#233;pini&#232;re incomparable de combattants et de chefs a&#233;riens.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Citation &#224; l&rsquo;ordre de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e a&#233;rienne<\/b><span>Nomination de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air au grade de chevalier de la L&#233;gion d&rsquo;honneur<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_de_l%27air_et_de_l%27espace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Citation of 14 June 1946, displayed in the salle des Marbres at Salon-de-Provence<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LFMY<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>D&#233;partement<\/dt>\n<dd>Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>43.6031 N, 5.1083 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>60 m <span class=\"imp\">(197 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>16\/34<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,001 m <span class=\"imp\">(6,565 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Cavern hangars<\/dt>\n<dd>No<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">air force academy and home of the Patrouille de France<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>French Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1936<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>The Directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace commands the base<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace<small>Air force academy &middot; active &middot; from 1937<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Cirrus SR20\/SR22<\/dd>\n<dt>Patrouille acrobatique de France<small>Patrouille de France &middot; Aerobatic display team &middot; active &middot; from 1964<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace<small>EVAAE &middot; Competition aerobatic team &middot; active &middot; from 1968<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Extra EA-330SC<\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron d&rsquo;instruction en vol 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin<small>Comtat Venaissin &middot; Flying instruction squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Cirrus SR20\/SR22<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p>Cirrus SR20\/SR22, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E<\/a>, Extra EA-330SC<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The academy that makes every French air force officer<\/h3>\n<p>The &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air was created by two decrees signed by President Albert Lebrun on 1 April and 3 June 1933, on the proposal of air minister Pierre Cot, and its first intake assembled not at Salon but in the Petites &#201;curies at Versailles. Salon was chosen over Versailles\/Saint-Cyr, Orl&#233;ans, Bordeaux and Montpellier on four criteria: an aerodrome already existed, the weather was kind, a university city was close, and so were a garrison and a port. The school moved south in May 1937 and has never left.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The first promotion, assembled on 4 November 1935, numbered 55 cadets &mdash; 52 aircrew and three mechanics.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Home of the Patrouille de France since 1964<\/h3>\n<p>The team that opens the 14 July flypast over Paris lives here, and has since a budget cut in 1964 killed the Myst&#232;re IV patrol and the ministry saved the name by handing it to the Fouga Magister patrol of the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air at Salon. The Fougas held the title for sixteen years; the Alpha Jet took over in 1981 with seven aircraft and eight from 1982. The radio callsign is Athos, and the leader &mdash; Athos 1 &mdash; is the only member of the formation who speaks in flight.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Twelve Alpha Jets on strength, eight in the display, nine over the Champs-&#201;lys&#233;es on 14 July in the Big Nine formation.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Base a&#233;rienne 701 G&#233;n&#233;ral Pineau<\/h3>\n<p>The base carries a tradition name that has nothing to do with the school. In 1992 it was named after Jean-Marc Pineau (1922&ndash;1971), a cadet of the clandestine promotion 1942, who escaped Vichy France in 1943, qualified as a transport pilot in the United States in November 1944, helped stand up the bombing instruction centre at Cognac in 1956, commanded Salon from 1964 to 1967 and was killed in service in January 1971 with some 5,000 flying hours behind him.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">450 hectares across Salon-de-Provence and Lan&#231;on-Provence, about 2,000 military and civilian staff, and around forty aircraft.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>One paved runway and three grass ones<\/h3>\n<p>The military aerodrome chart for LFMY gives a single surfaced runway, 16\/34, 2,001 by 45 metres, with QFU 158 and 338 degrees &mdash; laid, in other words, almost exactly along the axis of the mistral. Alongside it the ministry counts three grass strips, and the chart reserves the eastern part of the aerodrome for gliding, remotely piloted flights and school motor flying. It is a training field, not a fighter base, and it is shaped like one.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Aerodrome elevation 197 feet; the chart warns that runway 16\/34 is glissante par temps de pluie &mdash; slippery in the wet.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>A purpose-built 1930s academy, by a Prix de Rome architect<\/h3>\n<p>Salon does not look like a repurposed wartime field because it was not one. The centrepiece is the BDE, the b&#226;timent de la direction et de l&rsquo;enseignement, designed from 1935 by Albert Tournaire (1862&ndash;1958), the architect associated with the Villa M&#233;dicis and the excavations at Delphi. It was conceived as a self-contained world: dormitories, lecture rooms, laundry, chaplaincy, cobbler, refectory and offices in one block, with two water-tower masses flanking the facade.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Construction of the BDE began in February 1938 and was not finished until 1942 &mdash; by which time the Wehrmacht was on the base.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>The other aerobatic team &mdash; the one that competes<\/h3>\n<p>The &#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace was formed at Salon in 1968 and does something quite different from the Patrouille de France: it enters world aerobatic championships and tries to win them. It has flown borrowed Stampe SV4s, then CAP 10B and CAP 20, then the CAP 230\/231\/232 family, and the Extra 330SC and 330LC since 2008.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Five individual world champions: Claude Bessi&#232;re in 1990, Renaud Ecalle in 2009, Fran&#231;ois Le Vot in 2013, Alexandre Orlowski in 2015 and Florent Oddon in 2022.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>How the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace actually makes an officer<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The front door is a concours &mdash; a competitive examination, not an application. The main route is from the French classes pr&#233;paratoires in the MP, MPI, PC and PSI streams; alongside it sit concours for holders of a science licence, for holders of a sciences politiques licence, and a concours sur titres. Internal competitions bring in serving non-commissioned officers. Since the 2015 reform all of these paths, previously run by the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air, the &#201;cole militaire de l&rsquo;air, the Cours sp&#233;cial de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air and the Cours sp&#233;cial de formation des officiers, converge on a single school that took back the original name.<\/p>\n<p>About 500 aviators a year are trained on the site across those different cursus. The course rests on three declared pillars: military and sporting formation, academic teaching, and aeronautical instruction. The academic end is not decorative. The &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air&rsquo;s engineering diploma was instituted by a decree of 18 May 1942 and the Commission des titres d&rsquo;ing&#233;nieur authorised it from 1951; the school has been counted among France&rsquo;s grandes &#233;coles d&rsquo;ing&#233;nieurs since 1985 and its accreditation was renewed for the maximum period in 2015 and again from 1 September 2020. Cadets can instead take a master in humanities and social sciences with the Institut d&rsquo;&#233;tudes politiques d&rsquo;Aix-en-Provence, or a master or licence from Aix-Marseille Universit&#233;.<\/p>\n<p>Every cadet flies, whatever their eventual speciality, though not much: roughly twenty hours of familiarisation and initiation, gliding first and then light aircraft with glass cockpits. Real pilot training happens elsewhere. Aeroplane pilots go on to Cognac, fighter pilots then to Tours, transport pilots to Avord, and future helicopter pilots to the Army light aviation schools at Dax and Le Luc.<\/p>\n<p>The traditions are as fixed as the syllabus. Each promotion takes a parrain and the name sticks for life: 1935 Guynemer, 1936 Astier de Villatte, 1937 M&#233;zergues, 1938 Mailloux, and so on through the war years. First-years are the poussins &mdash; chicks &mdash; a reference to the school badge, drawn in 1935, in which an eagle hands a dagger to fledglings in a nest. On 18 October 2019 the then minister Florence Parly entrusted the first-year cadets with the traditions and the fanion of Escadrille fran&#231;aise de chasse no 1, the first unit made Compagnon de la Lib&#233;ration; they now wear the black-and-green fourrag&#232;re of the Croix de la Lib&#233;ration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The Patrouille de France is a squadron, not a show troupe<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The lineage runs through Salon twice over. The first French formation display was flown in 1931 at &#201;tampes-Mond&#233;sir on Morane-Saulnier MS.230s; that patrouille d&rsquo;&#201;tampes followed the school to Salon in 1937 and became the Patrouille de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air. Separately, on 17 May 1953 at Maison-Blanche in Algeria, the commentator Jacques N&#339;tinger christened a four-ship of Republic F-84Gs the Patrouille de France; the air staff ratified the name on 14 September 1953, and for a decade the title moved between fighter wings at Reims, Dijon, Cambrai and Nancy. In 1964 budget cuts dissolved the Myst&#232;re IV patrol, and rather than lose the name the ministry conferred it on the six Fouga Magisters at Salon. It has not moved since.<\/p>\n<p>The Fougas flew the title for sixteen years, ending with a last display at Salon on 16 September 1980. The Alpha Jet arrived in 1981 with seven aircraft, eight from 1982, and is still there: twelve airframes, eight in the display, nine for the 14 July flypast in the formation called Big Nine.<\/p>\n<p>What makes it an operational unit rather than a troupe is the manning. Three pilots join each year, chosen by cooptation by the pilots in place, from serving fighter pilots who volunteer, hold the chef de patrouille qualification and have at least 1,500 hours on jets. The leader, Athos 1, holds the seat for exactly one year and is the only member who cannot be replaced; Athos 4, the charognard, sits behind the leader eating his smoke and inherits the lead the next year; Athos 9, the replacement, is the most senior pilot and can fill any seat but that one. Around forty specialist mechanics keep the aircraft flying; the ministry counts more than sixty aviators in the unit.<\/p>\n<p>The year splits in two. From October to April the new team trains at Salon, two or three flights a day, building the season&rsquo;s s&#233;rie &mdash; the ruban of formation changes and the synchro flown by the two solos &mdash; under a flight-safety commission, with the smoke added only at the end. The complete routine is traditionally first flown through at Solenzara, and the finished display must be cleared by the air force inspection and the chief of staff before it can be shown anywhere. Then come roughly fifty displays, mostly in France, a CASA CN-235 hauling ten tonnes of equipment behind them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>A 1930s air force academy that still looks like one<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The decision to build at Salon was published before anything was built, and it was immediately attacked. The weekly Les Ailes ran a piece on 18 May 1933 under the title O&#249; doit-on installer l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air? arguing that putting the fundamental schools of the air force on the Mediterranean littoral, three hundred kilometres from the likely departure points of an Italian attack, in a region of clear nights and high cloud bases, was madness. The ministry went ahead anyway. Land was bought across the communes of Salon-de-Provence and Lan&#231;on-Provence, and the first structures up were two Jeumont hangars on the east of the site &mdash; both still standing.<\/p>\n<p>The base-&#233;cole no 356 was created in 1936 with the arrival of bataillon de l&rsquo;air 130. When the 111 cadets of the promotion 1937 M&#233;zergues arrived in May 1937 they moved into wooden huts on a building site. By July 1937 the Centre &#201;cole de Salon comprised an aerostation instruction group, an air battalion and an aviation instruction group with thirty-two aircraft on charge; the site held 1,929 people and 255 aeroplanes in all.<\/p>\n<p>The permanent architecture came next, and it is the reason Salon reads as an academy rather than an airfield. The b&#226;timent de la direction et de l&rsquo;enseignement, universally the BDE, was commissioned in 1935 from Albert Tournaire (1862&ndash;1958), a Prix de Rome architect known for his work at the Villa M&#233;dicis and for the archaeological reconstructions at Delphi. Begun in February 1938 and completed in 1942, it was designed to be autonomous: dormitories, classrooms, a laundry, a chaplaincy, a cobbler, the cadets&rsquo; refectory and the administration all under one roof, with two reservoir towers framing the facade as a deliberate statement of self-sufficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Inside it is the amphith&#233;&#226;tre Marin-la-Mesl&#233;e, whose stage panels were carved by the sculptor Gaston &#201;tienne Le Bourgeois (1880&ndash;1956) with scenes of Icarus and Bellerophon and installed in 1948. Elsewhere is the salle des Marbres, where the names of every former cadet lost on duty are cut into stone, and where the 1946 L&#233;gion d&rsquo;honneur citation is displayed. The post-war campus grew around these: the place d&rsquo;armes Pelletier-Doisy, the Testart and Brocard buildings of 1952 with the Valin block later linking them, the gymnase Agnel in 1972. The school today counts 183 buildings on a 445-hectare campus and a m&#233;diath&#232;que holding more than 55,000 documents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>1939 to 1946: evacuated, dissolved, occupied, bombed, dynamited<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In late August 1939, with bombing feared, the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air was ordered to fall back on Bordeaux, flying from satellite fields at Bergerac and Mont-de-Marsan. After the armistice of 22 June 1940 the school was closed. An attempt to evacuate the cadets by sea to North Africa failed; entrained for Marseille, they were diverted to Collioure, baptised in the ch&#226;teau des Templiers, then ordered back to Salon and dissolved on 31 August 1940.<\/p>\n<p>Salon filled with the wreckage of the defeated air force: the headquarters of Forces a&#233;riennes no 37, groupe de chasse I\/6, four air companies and two air battalions, soon demobilised. The school was allowed back into Provence at the end of 1941 and was formally dissolved on 27 November 1942, three weeks after the Wehrmacht occupied the base in the Case Anton takeover of the free zone. The promotions of 1940 Steunou, 1941 Dagnaux and 1942 Tricaud went semi-clandestine &mdash; Toulouse, the Jeunesse et montagne movement, engineering schools, the Resistance &mdash; and Tricaud narrowly escaped deportation under the Service du travail obligatoire.<\/p>\n<p>In parallel a concours was held in North Africa: forty-one candidates formed the promotion Capitaine Thouvenin de Villaret, trained in the Moroccan Atlas and then went to the United States for flying training, as did two metropolitan promotions.<\/p>\n<p>The field went to work for the Luftwaffe: Kampfgeschwader 100 with He 111s from February to April 1943, Kampfgeschwader 26 with He 111s to March 1944, Zerst&#246;rergeschwader 1 with Bf 110s in May 1944 and Kampfgeschwader 77 with Ju 88s in June and July 1944. Three successive Allied bombing campaigns followed. The base was taken during Operation Dragoon in August 1944, used as Advanced Landing Ground Y-16 by the American 27th Fighter Squadron on A-36 Apaches and the 47th Bombardment Group on A-20 Havocs, and handed back on 20 November.<\/p>\n<p>What the French detachment found was a ruin. Of the pre-war ensemble only part of the BDE, the hangars, the cadets&rsquo; house and the mas de Lurian survived; the north hangars were gutted, the BDE&rsquo;s east wing dynamited by the Germans, the installations looted. Rebuilding started in late 1945 and the school came home at the end of June 1946. On 14 April 1947 President Vincent Auriol pinned the L&#233;gion d&rsquo;honneur and the Croix de guerre with palms to its colour, and on 3 April 1948 the Guynemer fourrag&#232;re came back from the Mus&#233;e de l&rsquo;air.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>The rest of the flying: Cirrus, gliders, Extras and a research centre<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Patrouille de France is the loudest thing at Salon but by no means the busiest. Initial military aeronautical training is run by the Centre de formation &#224; l&rsquo;a&#233;ronautique militaire initiale 5\/312, named after Capitaine &#201;lisabeth Boselli, the first Frenchwoman to qualify as a fighter pilot &mdash; brevetted at Tours in 1946. Its inventory is modest and relentlessly used: twelve Cirrus SR20 and SR22 with glass cockpits, which replaced the Socata TB 10s in 2012; three Jodel D140; seven Duo Discus and ASK 21 gliders; and ten simulators. Around it sit the escadron d&rsquo;instruction en vol 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin and 2\/93 C&#233;vennes, the gliding instruction squadron Sainte Victoire, and the escadron de formation des navigateurs de combat 1\/93.<\/p>\n<p>Gliding is not a hobby bolted on: an air force gliding section was created here in 1990, the published chart reserves the eastern part of the aerodrome for gliding, remotely piloted flights and school motor flying, and a derogatory glider sector named Provence operates there without traffic information from the tower. For most cadets the glider is the first aircraft they are ever alone in.<\/p>\n<p>The &#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace was created here in 1968, on a 1967 decision by General Maurin and the armed forces minister Pierre Messmer, specifically so that France would be represented at international aerobatic competitions. It began on borrowed Stampe SV4s, moved through the CAP 10B and CAP 20, then the CAP 230, 231 and 232, and has flown the Extra 330SC and 330LC since 2008. Its pilots have taken five individual world titles &mdash; Claude Bessi&#232;re 1990, Renaud Ecalle 2009, Fran&#231;ois Le Vot 2013, Alexandre Orlowski 2015, Florent Oddon 2022 &mdash; and team titles in 1990, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. It competes; it does not exist to entertain.<\/p>\n<p>The ground side matters too. The Centre de recherche de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air, the CReA, was set up in 2004 with a triple remit of fundamental research, applied research and teaching; an ONERA laboratory has been on the base since 1992 and its researchers teach at the school. The Centre d&rsquo;initiation et de formation des &#233;quipages drones trains drone crews, and D&#233;fense conseil international has run an international course here with Aix-Marseille Universit&#233; since 2016. Add a NEDEX bomb disposal group and an air control and safety squadron, and the total comes to some forty aircraft and about 56,000 air movements a year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>The mistral, the working day, and what Salon is in 2026<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The wind is written into the geometry. Runway 16\/34 has QFU 158 and 338 degrees, pointing it almost exactly along the axis of the mistral as it comes down the Rh&#244;ne corridor from the north-north-west. That is not coincidence: kind flying weather was one of the four criteria on which the site beat Versailles, Orl&#233;ans, Bordeaux and Montpellier in 1933, and the mistral is the price of it &mdash; clear skies and a hard, gusty, persistent wind the gliders then exploit. The main paved runway, finished in 1954, is still called the piste Mistral &mdash; after the first jet to use it, the French-built Vampire, rather than the wind itself.<\/p>\n<p>The runway existed because the old field did not work. A ministerial note of July 1950 recorded that the surface was silt-based, that aircraft deformed it and the deformations then damaged the aircraft, that rainwater did not drain so the strip was unusable for long periods, and that the base commander had considered decamping to Orange for the whole wet season. A 1,000-metre strip, a control tower and a weather station came in 1951; the surfaced runway followed in 1954, and the Fouga Magister in 1956.<\/p>\n<p>The chart still warns that 16\/34 is slippery in rain and that the field sits in an area of heavy bird concentration; radio-less aircraft are barred and outside traffic is prior-permission only. The flying day is short and early, which is how the training gets done before wind and heat build: air traffic service runs Monday to Thursday 0700 to 1600 and Friday 0700 to 1400, weekends on request.<\/p>\n<p>In 2026 the division of labour with Cognac is settled: pilot training belongs to Base a&#233;rienne 709, where the Pilatus PC-21 replaced the Alpha Jet in the advanced course in 2018. Salon keeps what comes before and around it: the concours, the degree, the first flying brevet on gliders and Cirrus, the navigators, the drone crews, the research centre and the two presentation teams. The Alpha Jets are expected to serve to around 2035; asked what comes next, the ministry told the Assembl&#233;e nationale in April 2024 that the survival of the Patrouille de France is not in question and that options including a modular aircraft covering display, Red Air and complement roles are under study with the United Kingdom and Spain. Meanwhile the team spent June 2026 in the United States on Libert&#233; 250.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1933<\/div>\n<p>1 April and 3 June: President Albert Lebrun signs two decrees on the proposal of air minister Pierre Cot, one giving the air arm its autonomy and the other creating the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air. Salon-de-Provence is chosen as its site over Versailles\/Saint-Cyr, Orl&#233;ans, Bordeaux and Montpellier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>4 November: the first promotion, 55 cadets, assembles at the Petites &#201;curies in Versailles under General Jean Houdemon. It chooses Capitaine Georges Guynemer as its parrain, gives the school his motto <em>Faire face<\/em> and draws its badge. Land is bought at Salon and Lan&#231;on and the first two Jeumont hangars go up.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>The base-&#233;cole no 356 had been created at Salon in 1936 with the arrival of bataillon de l&rsquo;air 130. In May 1937 the 111 cadets of the promotion M&#233;zergues move into wooden huts on the building site; by July the Centre &#201;cole de Salon fields 1,929 personnel and 255 aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1938<\/div>\n<p>February: construction begins on the b&#226;timent de la direction et de l&rsquo;enseignement, the BDE, designed by the Prix de Rome architect Albert Tournaire. It will not be finished until 1942.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>25 February: General Vuillemin presents the school&rsquo;s colour at Salon. End of August: the school is ordered to fall back on Bordeaux; the promotion Pinczon du Sel joins it there on 3 October.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>After the armistice of 22 June the school is closed. An attempt to evacuate the cadets by sea to North Africa fails; they are diverted to Collioure, ordered back to Salon and dissolved on 31 August.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>November: the Wehrmacht occupies Salon after the invasion of the free zone. The school is formally dissolved on 27 November; three promotions go semi-clandestine and a parallel concours is held in North Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>August: the base is taken during Operation Dragoon and used as Advanced Landing Ground Y-16 by American A-36 and A-20 units. It returns to French control on 20 November. Of the pre-war site only part of the BDE, the hangars, the cadets&rsquo; house and the mas de Lurian survive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>End of June: the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air returns to Salon for good. In June the field takes the name base-&#233;cole 701 &mdash; &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air. Normal intakes resume from October.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>The base-&#233;cole 701 had become base a&#233;rienne no 701 in 1949, and reports of the unusable silt airfield multiplied: a 1,000-metre strip, a control tower and a weather station came in 1951. The main paved runway is completed in 1954 and named the piste Mistral after the first jet to use it, the French-built Vampire. The Fouga Magister arrives in 1956.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>The field takes the designation base a&#233;rienne 701 definitively, and the Patrouille de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air inherits the title Patrouille de France after budget cuts dissolve the Myst&#232;re IV patrol.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>The &#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air is formed at Salon to enter international aerobatic competitions. Women are admitted to the &#201;cole militaire de l&rsquo;air in 1976 and to the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air in 1977.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>The Alpha Jet replaces the Fouga Magister in the Patrouille de France with seven aircraft, eight from 1982. The Fougas had flown their last display at Salon on 16 September 1980.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1992<\/div>\n<p>The base is given the tradition name G&#233;n&#233;ral Pineau after Jean-Marc Pineau, its commander from 1964 to 1967, killed in service in 1971. An ONERA laboratory opens on the base the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p>The Centre de recherche de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air is created, with a triple remit of fundamental research, applied research and teaching. Cirrus SR20 and SR22 replace the Socata TB 10s in 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>1 January: the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air becomes a public scientific, cultural and professional establishment with the derogatory status of <em>grand &#233;tablissement<\/em>. On 18 October its first-years receive the traditions of Escadrille fran&#231;aise de chasse no 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2021<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the school is renamed &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace. Its engineering diploma had been re-accredited from 1 September 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>8 June to 4 July: the Patrouille de France and A400M crews, 85 aviators in all, fly mission Libert&#233; 250 along the American east coast for the 250th anniversary of American independence, with special markings on the Alpha Jets honouring ten Franco-American figures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">August 1944<\/div>\n<h3>A French detachment walks back into a ruin<\/h3>\n<p>After the liberation of Provence in August 1944 a detachment of the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air came back to Salon and found the base practically destroyed. The hangars of the north group had been gutted; the east wing of the BDE, the great teaching block that had been finished only two years earlier, had been dynamited by the Germans before they pulled out; the installations had been looted. Of the whole pre-war ensemble only part of the BDE, the hangars, the cadets&rsquo; house and the mas de Lurian were left standing. The base had been hit by three successive Allied bombing campaigns while in German hands, which is the ordinary fate of an airfield used by Kampfgeschwader 26 and Kampfgeschwader 77. Reconstruction of the main buildings began at the end of 1945 and the school was back at Salon by the end of June 1946.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/histoire-identite-patrimoine.ecole-air-espace.fr\/petite-histoire-du-batiment-de-la-direction-et-de-lenseignement-et-de-lamphitheatre-marin-la-meslee\/\">&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace, histoire et patrimoine: the BDE building<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">4 June 1967<\/div>\n<h3>The second-in-command of the Patrouille de France is killed in front of the stands at Le Bourget<\/h3>\n<p>Coming out of the traditional final break-up of the display at the Salon international de l&rsquo;a&#233;ronautique at Paris-Le Bourget, the Fouga Magister of Capitaine Didier Duthoit, the second-in-command of the Patrouille de France, crashed close to the official stand. The pilot was killed. It is the most public accident in the team&rsquo;s history and it happened in front of the international aerospace industry, its customers and the press, at the show that France uses to sell its aeroplanes. Duthoit is one of thirteen pilots the Patrouille de France has lost since the name was made official in 1953.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, accident record<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 January 1980<\/div>\n<h3>Two Fouga Magister collide over their own base<\/h3>\n<p>During a training flight at Salon-de-Provence, two Fouga Magisters struck each other while flying a synchronised manoeuvre. Both pilots were killed: the second-in-command of the Patrouille de France, Commandant Jean-Serge Longy, and Adjudant-chef Jacques Pourchelle. <em>Le Monde<\/em> reported the collision on 30 January. A memorial stone stands at La Roque-d&rsquo;Anth&#233;ron, a few kilometres north-east of the base. It was the last year of the Fouga in the team &mdash; the type flew its final display at Salon on 16 September 1980 and the Alpha Jet took over the following season.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\"><em>Le Monde<\/em>, 30 January 1980, via the Patrouille de France accident record<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">3 February 1991 and 13 April 1992<\/div>\n<h3>The solos, twice, fourteen months apart<\/h3>\n<p>The two solos of the Patrouille de France spend their display crossing each other head-on at closing speeds that leave no margin, and twice in fourteen months it went wrong. On 3 February 1991 the two solos collided during a training flight; Capitaine Georget Lenne was killed and the other pilot ejected with minor injuries. On 13 April 1992 the second solo came down during a training flight near Salon-de-Provence. Capitaine Didier Bossert steered the aircraft away from a major motorway, but by the time he did so he was too low: he initiated ejection too late and was killed. Both men are among the thirteen pilots lost by the team since 1953.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, accident record<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">11 April 2002<\/div>\n<h3>The last fatal accident the Patrouille de France has had<\/h3>\n<p>At the end of a training flight, an Alpha Jet pitched nose-down as it began the turn before landing. The pilot, Capitaine Daniel Marchand, attempted to eject too late and was killed with the aircraft. It remains, as of 2026, the most recent fatal accident in the Patrouille de France &mdash; a run of more than twenty years without a death, against a record of thirteen pilots lost between 1953 and 2002 and two more in the pre-1953 patrouille d&rsquo;&#201;tampes era. The team flies around fifty displays and several hundred training sorties a year, eight aircraft separated by two to three metres at speeds between 300 and 800 km\/h.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, accident record; <em>Le Parisien<\/em>, 12 April 2002<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">13 April 2010 and 25 July 2019<\/div>\n<h3>Two the team walked away from, one of them by about ten metres<\/h3>\n<p>On 13 April 2010 one of the solo Alpha Jets crashed near the aerodrome of Orange Plan de Dieu while flying a solo manoeuvre. Capitaine Sylvain Courtot ejected at roughly ten metres above the ground and came down under his parachute a few metres from his own aeroplane, with fractures. He was flying again in 2011; the previous year&rsquo;s replacement pilot came back to cover the 2010 season. On 25 July 2019, after a site reconnaissance at Saint-Cyprien, Athos 2 ran off the runway at Perpignan airport, crossed the departmental road 614 and stopped at the edge of the D117. The pilot ejected and was slightly hurt; a braking system failure was cited.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, non-fatal accident record<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">25 November 2009<\/div>\n<h3>The first woman anywhere to lead a national aerobatic team<\/h3>\n<p>On 25 November 2009 Commandant Virginie Guyot took over as leader of the Patrouille de France &mdash; Athos 1, the seat held for exactly one year, the only pilot who speaks on the radio in formation and the only one who cannot be replaced. It was the first time in the world that a national aerobatic patrol had been commanded by a woman. The route to that seat runs through the same door as everyone else&rsquo;s: volunteer, be a qualified chef de patrouille with at least 1,500 hours on jets, and be chosen by the pilots already on the team.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, unit history<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">8 July 2022<\/div>\n<h3>A serving president of the Republic flies in the back of Athos 5<\/h3>\n<p>On 8 July 2022 the Patrouille de France carried a sitting French head of state for the first time in its history: Emmanuel Macron flew in the rear seat of Athos 5, the leader solo. The two-seat Alpha Jet makes this possible &mdash; the rear seat is normally occupied by the pilot&rsquo;s own line mechanic on transit flights, under a tradition in which the piste mechanic chooses his pilot and then follows him to every display of the summer season. Salon has taken a long line of dignitaries: Marshal Juin in 1958, General de Gaulle in 1960, defence minister Pierre Messmer in 1963.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrouille_de_France\">Patrouille de France, unit history<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-125-istres\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/ba-125-istres\/\">Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFMI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix, C-135FR Stratotanker, KC-135RG Stratotanker, Various trials aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-115-orange\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 115 Orange-Caritat<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFMO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Dassault Rafale C, Airbus Helicopters AS555 Fennec, Dassault Mirage 2000B\/C, Dassault Mirage F1C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-126-solenzara\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 126 Solenzara<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFKS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Airbus Helicopters AS332 Super Puma, Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Where is the Patrouille de France based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence, in the Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne, and it has been since 1964. The base&rsquo;s tradition name is G&#233;n&#233;ral Pineau. The team has twelve Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E on strength, flies eight in the display and nine over the Champs-&#201;lys&#233;es on 14 July in the formation called Big Nine. It flew the Fouga Magister from 1964 to 1980 and has flown the Alpha Jet since 1981.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Patrouille de France a real air force unit or a display troupe?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A real unit. Its nine pilots are serving fighter pilots who volunteer, must hold the chef de patrouille qualification and at least 1,500 hours on jets, and are chosen by cooptation by the pilots already in place. Three join each year and they return to operational squadrons afterwards. The ministry counts more than sixty aviators in the unit, including around forty specialist mechanics, and it sits within the &#201;quipes de pr&#233;sentation de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace at Salon.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The French air force academy. It was created by decrees of 1 April and 3 June 1933, assembled its first promotion of 55 cadets at Versailles on 4 November 1935 and moved to Salon-de-Provence in May 1937. It awards an engineering degree accredited by the Commission des titres d&rsquo;ing&#233;nieur, plus masters with Sciences Po Aix and Aix-Marseille Universit&#233;, and trains about 500 aviators a year. It became a public establishment with <em>grand &#233;tablissement<\/em> status on 1 January 2019 and was renamed &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace on 1 July 2021. Its motto, <em>Faire face<\/em>, comes from Guynemer.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code and what is the runway like?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">LFMY. The published military aerodrome chart gives a single surfaced runway 16\/34 of 2,001 by 45 metres, with QFU 158 and 338 degrees, at an aerodrome elevation of 197 feet. The ministry counts three grass strips alongside it. The chart warns that 16\/34 is slippery in rain and that the field sits in an area of heavy bird concentration; the eastern part of the aerodrome is reserved for gliding, remotely piloted flights and school motor flying, and outside traffic needs prior permission.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Do fighter pilots learn to fly at Salon?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No &mdash; they start there. Every cadet, whatever their eventual speciality, does about twenty hours of aeronautical initiation at Salon, gliders first and then Cirrus SR20 and SR22 light aircraft. Pilots then go to Cognac, where the Pilatus PC-21 replaced the Alpha Jet in the advanced course in 2018; fighter pilots continue to Tours, transport pilots to Avord, and helicopter pilots do their whole training with the Army light aviation schools at Dax and Le Luc.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What else flies from Salon?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Centre de formation &#224; l&rsquo;a&#233;ronautique militaire initiale 5\/312 Capitaine &#201;lisabeth Boselli, with twelve Cirrus SR20 and SR22, three Jodel D140, seven gliders and ten simulators; the flying instruction squadrons 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin and 2\/93 C&#233;vennes, the gliding instruction squadron Sainte Victoire and the combat navigator school 1\/93; and the &#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace on the Extra 330. About forty aircraft in total, and by the school&rsquo;s count some 56,000 air movements a year.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Salon in the Second World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The school was evacuated to Bordeaux in August 1939, closed after the June 1940 armistice and dissolved on 31 August 1940. The Wehrmacht occupied the base in November 1942, the school was formally dissolved on 27 November 1942, and the field was used by Luftwaffe bomber units until 1944. Three Allied bombing campaigns and a German demolition of the BDE&rsquo;s east wing left the site practically destroyed; the base was taken during Operation Dragoon in August 1944, served as Allied landing ground Y-16, and returned to French control on 20 November 1944. The school came home in June 1946.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How big is the base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ministry gives 450 hectares across the communes of Salon-de-Provence and Lan&#231;on-Provence, about 2,000 military and civilian staff and around forty aircraft. The school&rsquo;s own figures are slightly different &mdash; a 445-hectare campus, 183 buildings and about 1,500 personnel in its 2024 welcome booklet &mdash; because the two counts draw the boundary and the payroll in different places.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (air force academy and home of the Patrouille de France). The French Air and Space Force operates it as The Directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral de l&rsquo;&#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace commands the base.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence is LFMY. The airfield sits at 60 m above sea level in Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne, at 43.6031 N, 5.1083 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence has one runway: 16\/34, 2,001 m (6,565 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence currently hosts &#201;cole de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace flying the Cirrus SR20\/SR22, Grob G 120; Patrouille acrobatique de France flying the Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E; &#201;quipe de voltige de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace flying the Extra EA-330SC; Escadron d&rsquo;instruction en vol 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin flying the Cirrus SR20\/SR22.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is the Patrouille de France based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence, in the Bouches-du-Rh\\u00f4ne, and it has been since 1964. The base\\u2019s tradition name is G\\u00e9n\\u00e9ral Pineau. The team has twelve Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E on strength, flies eight in the display and nine over the Champs-\\u00c9lys\\u00e9es on 14 July in the formation called Big Nine. It flew the Fouga Magister from 1964 to 1980 and has flown the Alpha Jet since 1981.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Patrouille de France a real air force unit or a display troupe?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A real unit. Its nine pilots are serving fighter pilots who volunteer, must hold the chef de patrouille qualification and at least 1,500 hours on jets, and are chosen by cooptation by the pilots already in place. Three join each year and they return to operational squadrons afterwards. The ministry counts more than sixty aviators in the unit, including around forty specialist mechanics, and it sits within the \\u00c9quipes de pr\\u00e9sentation de l\\u2019arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace at Salon.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the \\u00c9cole de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The French air force academy. It was created by decrees of 1 April and 3 June 1933, assembled its first promotion of 55 cadets at Versailles on 4 November 1935 and moved to Salon-de-Provence in May 1937. It awards an engineering degree accredited by the Commission des titres d\\u2019ing\\u00e9nieur, plus masters with Sciences Po Aix and Aix-Marseille Universit\\u00e9, and trains about 500 aviators a year. It became a public establishment with grand \\u00e9tablissement status on 1 January 2019 and was renamed \\u00c9cole de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace on 1 July 2021. Its motto, Faire face, comes from Guynemer.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code and what is the runway like?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"LFMY. The published military aerodrome chart gives a single surfaced runway 16\/34 of 2,001 by 45 metres, with QFU 158 and 338 degrees, at an aerodrome elevation of 197 feet. The ministry counts three grass strips alongside it. The chart warns that 16\/34 is slippery in rain and that the field sits in an area of heavy bird concentration; the eastern part of the aerodrome is reserved for gliding, remotely piloted flights and school motor flying, and outside traffic needs prior permission.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do fighter pilots learn to fly at Salon?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No \\u2014 they start there. Every cadet, whatever their eventual speciality, does about twenty hours of aeronautical initiation at Salon, gliders first and then Cirrus SR20 and SR22 light aircraft. Pilots then go to Cognac, where the Pilatus PC-21 replaced the Alpha Jet in the advanced course in 2018; fighter pilots continue to Tours, transport pilots to Avord, and helicopter pilots do their whole training with the Army light aviation schools at Dax and Le Luc.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What else flies from Salon?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Centre de formation \\u00e0 l\\u2019a\\u00e9ronautique militaire initiale 5\/312 Capitaine \\u00c9lisabeth Boselli, with twelve Cirrus SR20 and SR22, three Jodel D140, seven gliders and ten simulators; the flying instruction squadrons 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin and 2\/93 C\\u00e9vennes, the gliding instruction squadron Sainte Victoire and the combat navigator school 1\/93; and the \\u00c9quipe de voltige de l\\u2019arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace on the Extra 330. About forty aircraft in total, and by the school\\u2019s count some 56,000 air movements a year.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Salon in the Second World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The school was evacuated to Bordeaux in August 1939, closed after the June 1940 armistice and dissolved on 31 August 1940. The Wehrmacht occupied the base in November 1942, the school was formally dissolved on 27 November 1942, and the field was used by Luftwaffe bomber units until 1944. Three Allied bombing campaigns and a German demolition of the BDE\\u2019s east wing left the site practically destroyed; the base was taken during Operation Dragoon in August 1944, served as Allied landing ground Y-16, and returned to French control on 20 November 1944. The school came home in June 1946.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How big is the base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ministry gives 450 hectares across the communes of Salon-de-Provence and Lan\\u00e7on-Provence, about 2,000 military and civilian staff and around forty aircraft. The school\\u2019s own figures are slightly different \\u2014 a 445-hectare campus, 183 buildings and about 1,500 personnel in its 2024 welcome booklet \\u2014 because the two counts draw the boundary and the payroll in different places.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (air force academy and home of the Patrouille de France). The French Air and Space Force operates it as The Directeur g\\u00e9n\\u00e9ral de l\\u2019\\u00c9cole de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace commands the base.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence is LFMY. The airfield sits at 60 m above sea level in Bouches-du-Rh\\u00f4ne, at 43.6031 N, 5.1083 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence has one runway: 16\/34, 2,001 m (6,565 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence currently hosts \\u00c9cole de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace flying the Cirrus SR20\/SR22, Grob G 120; Patrouille acrobatique de France flying the Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E; \\u00c9quipe de voltige de l\\u2019arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace flying the Extra EA-330SC; Escadron d\\u2019instruction en vol 3\/5 Comtat Venaissin flying the Cirrus SR20\/SR22.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from a French air base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; a real military jet trainer, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls. French military airfields do not sell flights; this is the nearest thing there is.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the French Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/biographie-du-chef-detat-major-larmee-lair-lespace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: Biographie du chef d&rsquo;&#233;tat-major de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace<\/a><span>General J&#233;r&#244;me Bellanger, appointment date and career<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Service de l&rsquo;information a&#233;ronautique (SIA France): AIP France and military VAC charts<\/a><span>published ICAO codes, runway designators, lengths, surfaces and aerodrome elevations for French military aerodromes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:EmL_.d296\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr-ba-701-salon-de-provence-hero.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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