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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\">Italian Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Ghedi Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Aeroporto militare &quot;Luigi Olivari&quot;, Ghedi<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (F-35A and Tornado; NATO nuclear sharing)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LIPL<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,991 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1909<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Jessica Sanchez-Chen \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Italian Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Region<\/b>Lombardia<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>101 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>45.4326 N, 10.2686 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Ghedi lies about nineteen kilometres south of Brescia, on the flat, treeless plain that first attracted aviators in September 1909, when the Circuito Aereo Internazionale was flown on the brughiera between Brescia and Montichiari. Glenn Curtiss won the Grand Prix, Mario Calderara the passenger prize and Henri Rougier the altitude prize at 198.5 metres; a 26-year-old insurance clerk named Franz Kafka watched from the public stands and wrote it up. The airfield itself was dedicated on 29 June 1921 to Luigi Olivari, a First World War fighter pilot from the province.<\/p>\n<p>In the Second World War Ghedi held a bombing school flying Fiat B.R.20s and CANT Z.1007s, and after September 1943 fighters of the Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana on Fiat G.55s and Macchi C.205 Veltros, with Luftwaffe Ju 88 and Ju 87 units alongside them. In 1944 the Todt Organisation rebuilt the place completely, laying some sixty-five kilometres of runway, taxiway, dispersal and hardstanding and connecting Ghedi to Montichiari by a concrete link strip. The Americans attacked it more than thirty times; crews hid aircraft under trees and netting, set fire to oily rags beside damaged machines to simulate wrecks, and sheltered in bunkers. The United States Fifth Army took the ruined field on 29 April 1945 and used part of it as a prisoner-of-war camp.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1951 Ghedi has been the home of the 6&#176; Stormo, the Diavoli Rossi, and since 27 August 1982 of the Italian Tornado force. Its aircraft flew in the Gulf in 1991, over Bosnia and Kosovo, over Libya in 2011 and against Daesh from Kuwait. It is also, on every credible open-source account, the Italian base of NATO nuclear sharing: the United States Air Force keeps a munitions support squadron here, and independent analysts estimate that American B61 bombs are stored in underground vaults for delivery by Italian aircraft. Neither the Italian nor the American government confirms it.<\/p>\n<p>The base is now most of the way through its conversion to the F-35A, on rebuilt infrastructure designed for the type. The first F-35A arrived on 16 June 2022; on 4 July 2025 the 154&#176; Gruppo handed over the Tornado after forty-three years, and what is left of the Tornado fleet is concentrated in the 155&#176; Gruppo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Ghedi Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,991 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Ghedi Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=10.22118,45.41715,10.31602,45.44805\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=10.22402,45.41174,10.31318,45.45346\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=10.24658,45.41715,10.29062,45.44805\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"KGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7IHZhciBmPWRvY3VtZW50LmdldEVsZW1lbnRCeUlkKCdzYXRmaWcnKSwgYj1kb2N1bWVudC5nZXRFbGVtZW50QnlJZCgnc2F0bGInKTsgaWYoIWZ8fCFiKSByZXR1cm47IGZ1bmN0aW9uIG9wZW4oKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QuYWRkKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PSdoaWRkZW4nOyB9IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHNodXQoKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QucmVtb3ZlKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PScnOyB9IGYuYWRkRXZlbnRMaXN0ZW5lcignY2xpY2snLCBvcGVuKTsgZi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VudGVyJ3x8ZS5rZXk9PT0nICcpeyBlLnByZXZlbnREZWZhdWx0KCk7IG9wZW4oKTsgfSB9KTsgYi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdjbGljaycsIHNodXQpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VzY2FwZScpIHNodXQoKTsgfSk7IH0pKCk7\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>The MUNSS would not be at the base unless there were nuclear weapons present.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Hans M. Kristensen<\/b><span>Director of the Nuclear Information Project, Federation of American Scientists, on the presence of the 704th Munitions Support Squadron at Ghedi<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/blogs\/security\/2014\/06\/ghedi\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Federation of American Scientists, June 2014<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>These bombs are stored at six US and European bases &mdash; Kleine Brogel in Belgium, B&#252;chel in Germany, Aviano and Ghedi-Torre in Italy, Volkel in The Netherlands, and Incirlik in Turkey.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>NATO Parliamentary Assembly<\/b><span>draft report &quot;A new era for nuclear deterrence? Modernisation, arms control and allied nuclear forces&quot;, prepared under Senator Joseph Day, April 2019; a revised version without the list was issued the following week<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/off-duty\/military-culture\/2019\/07\/17\/whoops-canadian-senator-accidentally-revealed-location-of-us-nuclear-weapons-in-europe\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Air Force Times, 17 July 2019<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LIPL<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Region<\/dt>\n<dd>Lombardia<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>45.4326 N, 10.2686 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>101 m <span class=\"imp\">(331 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>13\/31<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,991 m <span class=\"imp\">(9,813 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>F-35A took on a national air defence task in 2025<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">F-35A and Tornado; NATO nuclear sharing<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Italian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1909<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>6&#176; Stormo &quot;Alfredo Fusco&quot;<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Ghedi Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>102&#176; Gruppo OCU<small>Paperi &middot; Operational conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>154&#176; Gruppo<small>Diavoli Rossi &middot; Fighter-bomber squadron &middot; regular &middot; from 1982<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>155&#176; Gruppo ETS<small>Pantere Nere &middot; Electronic warfare and defence suppression squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>606&#170; Squadriglia Collegamenti<small>Liaison flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Ghedi is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The Diavoli Rossi<\/h3>\n<p>The 6&#176; Stormo has flown from Ghedi since the early 1950s under a grinning red devil badge drawn in the 1930s as a caricature of one of its own pilots.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 154&#176; Gruppo flew the Tornado from Ghedi for forty-three years, from 27 August 1982 to 4 July 2025.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Italy&rsquo;s Tornado home<\/h3>\n<p>The first Italian Tornado came here, and after every other Tornado base closed, Ghedi was the last one left flying the aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">From 14 September 2016, when the 50&#176; Stormo at Piacenza was disbanded, Ghedi was the only Italian base operating the Tornado.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The nuclear question<\/h3>\n<p>Ghedi is the Italian base associated with NATO nuclear sharing. No government confirms it, but the documentary trail is unusually consistent.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the Federation of American Scientists estimate about 100 B61 bombs at six European bases, Ghedi among them; earlier FAS work put roughly 20 at Ghedi in eleven underground vaults.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>An American squadron on an Italian base<\/h3>\n<p>The one piece of the nuclear story that is not in dispute is the presence of a United States Air Force unit at Ghedi, openly listed by the USAF itself.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 704th Munitions Support Squadron, of roughly 130 personnel, is a tenant unit at Ghedi under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>The F-35A conversion<\/h3>\n<p>Ghedi is the second Italian F-35A main operating base and the first to take over a nuclear-capable role with the type. The infrastructure was rebuilt around the aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">First F-35A delivered on 16 June 2022; the wing passed 5,000 F-35 flight hours in April 2026.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Where Italian aviation started<\/h3>\n<p>The same Lombard plain held the first international air meeting in Italy, in September 1909, which drew the biggest names in early flight and one very famous spectator. The circuit was flown between Brescia and Montichiari, a few kilometres north of the present airfield.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The meeting ran from 8 to 20 September 1909; Glenn Curtiss won the Grand Prix and Franz Kafka wrote an essay about it.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>The meeting on the brughiera, September 1909<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Six years after Kitty Hawk, the plain between Brescia and Montichiari was one of the best places in Europe to fly: absolutely flat, obstacle-free and large. The Circuito Aereo Internazionale ran there from 8 to 20 September 1909 and drew the people who mattered in early aviation. Glenn Curtiss won the Grand Prix de Brescia over five laps of a fifty-kilometre course. Mario Calderara, a Wright pupil and the Italian navy&rsquo;s first aviator, won the passenger-carrying event. Henri Rougier took the altitude prize at 198.5 metres.<\/p>\n<p>It is worth being exact, because Italian accounts of Ghedi routinely credit that altitude record to Gabriele D&rsquo;Annunzio, who was there as a celebrity rather than a competitor, and some add the Wright brothers, who were not there at all. The real list of names is impressive enough without the embroidery.<\/p>\n<p>The spectator who made the meeting famous was a 26-year-old insurance official from Prague. Franz Kafka went with Max and Otto Brod and wrote &quot;Die Aeroplane in Brescia&quot;, one of the very first pieces of literary prose about powered flight. It is a strange, watchful piece, more interested in the crowd and in D&rsquo;Annunzio moving through it than in the machines, and it is almost the only reason a literary reader has ever heard of this corner of Lombardy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>Todt&rsquo;s airfield<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In 1944 the Todt Organisation rebuilt the airfield from the ground up. The figure usually given is sixty-five kilometres of runways, taxiways, dispersals and hardstandings, together with workshops, blast pens and bunkers, and a concrete link strip joining Ghedi to the field at Montichiari. It is an enormous amount of concrete for the last full year of a lost war, and it set the footprint the modern base still occupies.<\/p>\n<p>The Americans attacked Ghedi more than thirty times. The defenders got good at deception: aircraft parked under trees and covered with netting, wooden decoys on the open dispersals, oily rags set burning beside damaged machines so that photographic reconnaissance would score them as destroyed. Declassified American intelligence files also record V-1 activity here, and the concrete stubs of what look like launch-ramp supports still stand at the southern edge of the field.<\/p>\n<p>When the United States Fifth Army arrived on 29 April 1945 it found bomb craters eight metres across. Part of the site became a prisoner-of-war cage, one of whose inmates was General Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin, the German corps commander at Cassino. The field was reactivated for the air force in 1951.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Forty-three years of Tornado<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 6&#176; Stormo was re-formed at Treviso on 1 January 1951 on the basis of the 155&#176; Gruppo, flying P-51 Mustangs, and moved to Ghedi as the 6&#170; Aerobrigata on 15 June 1951. Vampires and F-84G Thunderjets followed, the F-84F Thunderstreak from 1956 and the F-104G Starfighter from 1963. In spring 1964 the wing&rsquo;s 156&#176; Gruppo became the first Italian unit qualified for nuclear strike, holding four aircraft at twenty minutes&rsquo; readiness under joint Italian and American guard.<\/p>\n<p>On 27 August 1982 the first Panavia Tornado set its wheels down at Ghedi, going to the 154&#176; Gruppo. The aircraft it replaced was the Starfighter, which is a fair measure of the leap involved: from a point-defence interceptor pressed into the strike role to a two-seat, terrain-following, all-weather bomber designed for exactly that job. The first Italian-assembled Tornado had flown from Turin-Caselle on 5 December 1975 under Egidio Nappi.<\/p>\n<p>Ghedi became the Tornado&rsquo;s administrative centre as well as its home. The 102&#176; Gruppo &quot;Paperi&quot; transferred in from Rimini on 13 September 1993, and when the trinational Tornado training establishment at Cottesmore closed in 1999 it took on the conversion of every Italian Tornado crew. On 14 September 2016 the 50&#176; Stormo at Piacenza was disbanded and its 155&#176; Gruppo moved to Ghedi, leaving the base the only Tornado field in Italy.<\/p>\n<p>The aircraft went almost everywhere Italy did: the Gulf in 1991, Deliberate Force and Allied Force over the Balkans, Afghanistan from November 2008, Libya in 2011 and Kuwait against Daesh from 2014. In the Kosovo campaign alone the 155&#176; Gruppo flew 176 defence-suppression missions and fired 115 HARM missiles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Legion 15: the only Italian aircraft lost in the Gulf<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Italy sent eight Tornado IDS and two spares to Al Dhafra in the United Arab Emirates for Operation Locusta, drawn from the 6&#176; Stormo at Ghedi, the 36&#176; at Gioia del Colle and the 50&#176; at Piacenza. On the first night of Desert Storm, 17 to 18 January 1991, a formation under the call sign Legion 15 launched against an ammunition depot at Unysh in southern Iraq.<\/p>\n<p>The refuelling went badly. The weather over the Gulf was violent, the tanker track was crowded, and of the roughly thirty allied aircraft working that tanker only one Italian Tornado completed its bracket: the aircraft flown by Major Gianmarco Bellini with Captain Maurizio Cocciolone in the back seat. They pressed on alone and put five Mk 83 retarded bombs on the target, which was later assessed as destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>About forty seconds after release the aircraft was hit by a ZSU-23-4 battery. Both men ejected and were captured almost at once by Republican Guard troops. Cocciolone appeared on Iraqi television on 20 January, visibly injured, in footage that became one of the defining images of the war in Italy. They were held for forty-seven days, separated and mistreated, and released on 3 March 1991 &mdash; the only Italian prisoners of war of the conflict, from the only Italian aircraft lost.<\/p>\n<p>The crew belonged to the 155&#176; Gruppo, which had converted to the Tornado at Ghedi in the later 1980s and has been based at Ghedi again since 2016, so the squadron that lost the aircraft is today the last Italian Tornado unit. Over forty-two days of combat the detachment flew 226 sorties for 589 flying hours, and the Tornados came home on 15 March 1991.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>The nuclear question, and what is actually known<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Start with what is officially published. The United States Air Force lists the 704th Munitions Support Squadron as a tenant unit on the Italian air base at Ghedi, under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem in Germany. That is not a leak or an estimate; it is on a USAF installation website. NATO also acknowledges in general terms that American nuclear weapons are forward deployed in Europe under nuclear sharing, and that allied aircraft are assigned to deliver them.<\/p>\n<p>What is not officially published is where. Neither the Italian nor the United States government confirms that nuclear weapons are stored at Ghedi, and both decline to comment on the location of any weapon. Italian ministers, asked repeatedly in parliament, have fallen back on the alliance rule that member states neither confirm nor deny.<\/p>\n<p>The estimates come from independent analysts, chiefly Hans Kristensen and his colleagues at the Federation of American Scientists, whose Nuclear Notebook in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has tracked the deployment for decades. Their 2025 assessment is that about 100 B61-3 and B61-4 bombs sit at six bases in five countries &mdash; Aviano and Ghedi in Italy, B&#252;chel in Germany, Incirlik in Turkey, Kleine Brogel in Belgium and Volkel in the Netherlands &mdash; with no published breakdown by base. Kristensen&rsquo;s earlier work on Ghedi described eleven aircraft shelters fitted with underground vaults, completed in 1997, holding an estimated twenty weapons, the first American bombs having arrived in December 1963. His reasoning is blunt: the munitions support squadron &quot;would not be at the base unless there were nuclear weapons present&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>There is also one piece of inadvertent, official-adjacent confirmation. A draft report for the NATO Parliamentary Assembly&rsquo;s defence and security committee, written under the Canadian senator Joseph Day and circulated in April 2019, named the six bases where the bombs are stored, Ghedi-Torre among them. The Belgian newspaper De Morgen noticed; a revised version without the list appeared the following week. Senator Day called the original a draft built on open-source material and a NATO official said it was not an official NATO document. The Parliamentary Assembly is not NATO&rsquo;s command structure, so this is not a government confirmation &mdash; but it is not a blogger either.<\/p>\n<p>The honest summary: the American unit is confirmed, no government confirms the weapons, and the estimate of roughly twenty B61s at Ghedi out of about a hundred in Europe comes from named analysts with a consistent record. Italian sources quote anything from twenty to forty, which measures how much is genuinely unknown.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>From Tornado to F-35<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The conversion was an infrastructure project before it was a flying one. The design contract went to Proger with Manens-Tifs in June 2018: a maintenance hangar, a three-storey T-shaped command building with simulators, an 1,100 square-metre warehouse and two flight lines of fifteen shelters each, every shelter 440 square metres and sized for two aircraft. Reported construction values differ &mdash; around 60 million euro in one account, 91 million in another &mdash; and the designs had to satisfy Italian and American authorities.<\/p>\n<p>The first F-35A, MM7366 coded 6-01, landed at Ghedi on 16 June 2022, escorted in by three Tornados and flying past with them before it touched down. A second followed about a month later. The 102&#176; Gruppo, the old Tornado conversion unit, was the first Ghedi squadron to move to the new aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>The emotional moment came three years later. On 2 July 2025 the 154&#176; Gruppo unveiled a commemorative scheme in which half a Tornado and half an F-35 meet along the fuselage, with a rising sun recalling the squadron&rsquo;s Gulf War motto, &quot;Banzai &mdash; in picchiata sull&rsquo;obiettivo&quot;. On 4 July it handed over the Tornado after forty-three years.<\/p>\n<p>The Tornado is not finished. What remains is concentrated in the 155&#176; Gruppo, which holds the defence-suppression capability the F-35 does not yet fully replace in Italian service, and Italian reporting expects those aircraft to fly until at least 2030. The wing passed 5,000 F-35 hours in April 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>8&ndash;20 September: the Circuito Aereo Internazionale is flown on the plain between Brescia and Montichiari. Curtiss wins the Grand Prix; Franz Kafka watches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1921<\/div>\n<p>29 June: the airfield is dedicated to Luigi Olivari, a First World War fighter pilot from the province.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>The Todt Organisation rebuilds the field, laying some sixty-five kilometres of runway, taxiway and dispersal and a concrete link to Montichiari.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>29 April: the United States Fifth Army occupies the wrecked airfield and uses part of it as a prisoner-of-war camp.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>1 January: the 6&#176; Stormo is re-formed and moves to Ghedi, initially on P-51 Mustangs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>The F-104G Starfighter arrives; in spring 1964 the 156&#176; Gruppo becomes the first Italian unit qualified for nuclear strike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>December: by the Federation of American Scientists&rsquo; account, American nuclear bombs are first deployed to Ghedi; eleven underground vaults follow in 1997.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>27 August: the first Panavia Tornado in Italian service lands at Ghedi and goes to the 154&#176; Gruppo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>18 January: Legion 15, the Tornado of Bellini and Cocciolone, is shot down over southern Iraq on the first night of Desert Storm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>13 September: the 102&#176; Gruppo &quot;Paperi&quot; transfers to Ghedi from the 5&#176; Stormo at Rimini.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Ghedi Tornados fly in Operation Allied Force; the 155&#176; Gruppo alone flies 176 missions and fires 115 HARM missiles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>Ghedi aircraft take part in Operation Unified Protector over Libya.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>14 September: the 50&#176; Stormo at Piacenza is disbanded and its 155&#176; Gruppo moves to Ghedi, leaving Ghedi the only Italian Tornado base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>April: a NATO Parliamentary Assembly draft report names Ghedi as a nuclear weapons storage site; a revised version without the list follows a week later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>16 June: the first F-35A, MM7366 coded 6-01, is delivered to the 6&#176; Stormo, escorted in by three Tornados.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>4 July: the 154&#176; Gruppo hands over the Tornado after forty-three years and converts to the F-35A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>April: the 6&#176; Stormo passes 5,000 flying hours on the F-35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"video\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">On film<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi on film<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\">\n<div class=\"vidfr\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/BPUyHWpD_E8\" title=\"La casa dei Diavoli Rossi: inside the 6&#176; Stormo at Ghedi\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"vidcap\"><b>La casa dei Diavoli Rossi: inside the 6&#176; Stormo at Ghedi<\/b> Aeronautica Militare, via YouTube.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">September 1909<\/div>\n<h3>Kafka at the air meeting<\/h3>\n<p>Franz Kafka, then 26 and working for an insurance institute in Prague, travelled with Max and Otto Brod to the Circuito Aereo Internazionale on the plain outside Brescia and wrote &quot;Die Aeroplane in Brescia&quot;, among the earliest pieces of literary prose about powered flight. Glenn Curtiss won the Grand Prix and 36,700 lire, Mario Calderara the passenger prize, and Henri Rougier the altitude prize at 198.5 metres. Italian accounts that credit the altitude record to Gabriele D&rsquo;Annunzio, or that put the Wright brothers at Brescia, are wrong on both counts.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefirstairraces.net\/meetings\/br0909\/venue.php\">The First Air Races: Brescia, September 1909<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">12 June 1984<\/div>\n<h3>The first Tornado loss<\/h3>\n<p>Less than two years after the type entered Italian service, a Tornado of the 6&#176; Stormo crashed near Asola during a training flight. Captain C. Gambuti, the pilot, and Captain I. Ceccarelli, the navigator, were killed. It was an early reminder that the low-level, high-speed profile the aircraft was bought for leaves very little margin, and it was the first of a long series of Italian Tornado accidents over the type&rsquo;s forty-three years at Ghedi.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6%C2%BA_Stormo\">Wikipedia (it): 6&#186; Stormo<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">18 January 1991<\/div>\n<h3>Legion 15<\/h3>\n<p>On the first night of Desert Storm, only one Italian Tornado of the Locusta detachment managed to refuel in severe turbulence over the Gulf. Major Gianmarco Bellini and Captain Maurizio Cocciolone pressed on alone, bombed an ammunition depot at Unysh and were hit by a ZSU-23-4 battery about forty seconds after release. Both ejected and were captured by Republican Guard troops. Cocciolone was shown on Iraqi television on 20 January. They were held for forty-seven days and released on 3 March 1991, the only Italian prisoners of war of the conflict.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2021\/01\/18\/legion-15-the-story-of-the-italian-air-force-tornado-ids-shot-down-during-operation-desert-storm\/\">The Aviationist<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">19 August 2014<\/div>\n<h3>The Ascoli collision<\/h3>\n<p>At about half past four in the afternoon, two Tornado IDS of the 154&#176; Gruppo, serials MM7087 and MM7009, collided during a training sortie and came down on a wooded hillside near Venarotta in the province of Ascoli Piceno. All four crew were killed: Captain Mariangela Valentini and Captain Piero Paolo Franzese in one aircraft, Captain Alessandro Dotto and Captain Giuseppe Palminteri in the other. Nobody on the ground was hurt. Expert reports commissioned for the criminal inquiry found serious organisational shortcomings: the crews were unaware of each other&rsquo;s positions, were operating visually, and had a faulty datalink and Tacan on one aircraft. The criminal case nevertheless ended in acquittal, the court finding that no offence had been committed.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collisione_aerea_di_Ascoli\">Wikipedia (it): Collisione aerea di Ascoli<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">22 July 2015<\/div>\n<h3>The base as a target<\/h3>\n<p>Italian police announced at a press conference that two men under investigation for Islamist terrorism had identified Ghedi as their principal target, because four Tornado IDS taking part in the coalition against Daesh were flying from it. Prosecutors described a plan for an armed assault on the base. Both men were convicted, received six-year sentences and were to be expelled on release. The episode focused Italian attention on the base&rsquo;s security in a way the nuclear debate had not.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/publication\/ghedi-terror\/\">Federation of American Scientists<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">April 2019<\/div>\n<h3>The report that named the base<\/h3>\n<p>A draft report for the NATO Parliamentary Assembly&rsquo;s defence and security committee, prepared under the Canadian senator Joseph Day, listed the six bases where American B61 bombs are held in Europe, Ghedi-Torre among them. The Belgian newspaper De Morgen spotted it; an updated version without the list was published the following week. Senator Day described the original as a draft built on open-source material and a NATO official said it was not an official NATO document. Neither addressed the alliance convention of not discussing weapon locations.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/off-duty\/military-culture\/2019\/07\/17\/whoops-canadian-senator-accidentally-revealed-location-of-us-nuclear-weapons-in-europe\/\">Air Force Times<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">16 June 2022<\/div>\n<h3>Three Tornados escort the future in<\/h3>\n<p>The first F-35A assigned to the 6&#176; Stormo, MM7366 coded 6-01, arrived at Ghedi escorted by three Tornados and flew past with them before landing. It is the kind of staged image air forces do well, and in this case it was also literally accurate: the Tornado force at Ghedi spent the next three years handing over. A second F-35A followed about a month later.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2022\/06\/16\/f-35a-delivered-to-ghedi\/\">The Aviationist<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">4 July 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Forty-three years, ended in a day<\/h3>\n<p>The 154&#176; Gruppo &quot;Diavoli Rossi&quot; formally handed over the Tornado and took the F-35A, ending a relationship that had begun on 27 August 1982. Two days earlier the squadron had unveiled a commemorative scheme in red and black in which half a Tornado and half an F-35 meet along the fuselage, with a rising sun recalling the Gulf War motto &quot;Banzai &mdash; in picchiata sull&rsquo;obiettivo&quot;. The remaining Italian Tornados are now concentrated in the 155&#176; Gruppo.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aviation-report.com\/154-gruppo-diavoli-rossi-dal-tornado-a-f-35-con-una-livrea-commemorativa\/\">Aviation Report<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Ghedi Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"istrana\">\n<td>Istrana Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LIPS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon, AMX International A-11B Ghibli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"cameri\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/cameri\/\">Cameri Air Base<\/a><\/td>\n<td>LIMN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed F-104S Starfighter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"piacenza-san-damiano\">\n<td>Piacenza-San Damiano Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LIMS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Panavia A-200 Tornado IDS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Ghedi Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Ghedi Air Base known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ghedi is the home of the 6&#176; Stormo &quot;Diavoli Rossi&quot; and was the home of the Italian Tornado force from 27 August 1982 until the 154&#176; Gruppo handed the type over on 4 July 2025. It is also the Italian base associated with NATO nuclear sharing, and it is converting to the F-35A. The Lombard plain a few kilometres north hosted Italy&rsquo;s first international air meeting in September 1909.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are there American nuclear weapons at Ghedi?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No government confirms it. What is officially published is that the United States Air Force keeps the 704th Munitions Support Squadron at Ghedi as a tenant unit under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem. The Federation of American Scientists and the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists estimate that about 100 B61 bombs are deployed at six European bases including Ghedi, and earlier FAS work put roughly twenty at Ghedi in eleven underground vaults completed in 1997. A NATO Parliamentary Assembly draft report named Ghedi in April 2019 and was quietly revised. Italy neither confirms nor denies.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the 704th Munitions Support Squadron?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is a United States Air Force unit of roughly 130 people based at Ghedi as a tenant on the Italian air base, organisationally under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem in Germany. Its existence and location are published by the USAF. Analysts treat munitions support squadrons of this kind as the custodial units for American nuclear weapons held for allied delivery aircraft, which is the basis of the inference about Ghedi.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft fly from Ghedi today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The F-35A and, for now, the Tornado. The 102&#176; Gruppo and the 154&#176; Gruppo fly the F-35A; the 155&#176; Gruppo &quot;Pantere Nere&quot; holds the remaining Tornado IDS and ECR in the electronic-warfare and defence-suppression role. Italian reporting expects the Tornado to remain in service until at least 2030.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did Ghedi get the F-35?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The first F-35A, MM7366 coded 6-01, was delivered on 16 June 2022, escorted in by three Tornados. The 102&#176; Gruppo converted first; the 154&#176; Gruppo followed on 4 July 2025. By April 2026 the wing had flown 5,000 hours on the type.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why are they called the Diavoli Rossi?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 6&#176; Stormo, formed at Campoformido on 15 January 1936, adopted a grinning red devil badge drawn by Giuseppe Zanini as a caricature of one of its own pilots, Giovanni Borzoni, who went on to lead an aerobatic team of the same name. The 154&#176; Gruppo carries the nickname today.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Ghedi aircraft fight in the Gulf War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Italy sent eight Tornado IDS and two spares to Al Dhafra for Operation Locusta, drawn from the wings at Ghedi, Gioia del Colle and Piacenza. On the first night of Desert Storm the aircraft of Major Gianmarco Bellini and Captain Maurizio Cocciolone was shot down; they were held for forty-seven days and were the only Italian prisoners of war of the conflict. The detachment flew 226 sorties over forty-two days of combat.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can you visit Ghedi Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Ghedi is an operational base with no public access and, given its role, unusually tight security. The 6&#176; Stormo takes part in occasional public events and its aircraft appear at Italian air shows, but there is no visitor centre or viewing facility on the airfield.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Ghedi Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (F-35A and Tornado; NATO nuclear sharing). The Italian Air Force operates it as 6&#176; Stormo &quot;Alfredo Fusco&quot;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Ghedi Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Ghedi Air Base is LIPL. The airfield sits at 101 m above sea level in Lombardia, at 45.4326 N, 10.2686 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Ghedi Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ghedi Air Base has one runway: 13\/31, 2,991 m (9,813 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Ghedi Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ghedi Air Base currently hosts 102&#176; Gruppo OCU flying the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II; 154&#176; Gruppo flying the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II; 155&#176; Gruppo ETS flying the Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR, Panavia A-200C Tornado IDS; 606&#170; Squadriglia Collegamenti.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Ghedi Air Base known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ghedi is the home of the 6\\u00b0 Stormo \\\"Diavoli Rossi\\\" and was the home of the Italian Tornado force from 27 August 1982 until the 154\\u00b0 Gruppo handed the type over on 4 July 2025. It is also the Italian base associated with NATO nuclear sharing, and it is converting to the F-35A. The Lombard plain a few kilometres north hosted Italy\\u2019s first international air meeting in September 1909.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are there American nuclear weapons at Ghedi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No government confirms it. What is officially published is that the United States Air Force keeps the 704th Munitions Support Squadron at Ghedi as a tenant unit under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem. The Federation of American Scientists and the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists estimate that about 100 B61 bombs are deployed at six European bases including Ghedi, and earlier FAS work put roughly twenty at Ghedi in eleven underground vaults completed in 1997. A NATO Parliamentary Assembly draft report named Ghedi in April 2019 and was quietly revised. Italy neither confirms nor denies.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the 704th Munitions Support Squadron?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is a United States Air Force unit of roughly 130 people based at Ghedi as a tenant on the Italian air base, organisationally under the 52nd Munitions Maintenance Group at Spangdahlem in Germany. Its existence and location are published by the USAF. Analysts treat munitions support squadrons of this kind as the custodial units for American nuclear weapons held for allied delivery aircraft, which is the basis of the inference about Ghedi.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft fly from Ghedi today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The F-35A and, for now, the Tornado. The 102\\u00b0 Gruppo and the 154\\u00b0 Gruppo fly the F-35A; the 155\\u00b0 Gruppo \\\"Pantere Nere\\\" holds the remaining Tornado IDS and ECR in the electronic-warfare and defence-suppression role. Italian reporting expects the Tornado to remain in service until at least 2030.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did Ghedi get the F-35?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The first F-35A, MM7366 coded 6-01, was delivered on 16 June 2022, escorted in by three Tornados. The 102\\u00b0 Gruppo converted first; the 154\\u00b0 Gruppo followed on 4 July 2025. By April 2026 the wing had flown 5,000 hours on the type.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why are they called the Diavoli Rossi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 6\\u00b0 Stormo, formed at Campoformido on 15 January 1936, adopted a grinning red devil badge drawn by Giuseppe Zanini as a caricature of one of its own pilots, Giovanni Borzoni, who went on to lead an aerobatic team of the same name. The 154\\u00b0 Gruppo carries the nickname today.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Ghedi aircraft fight in the Gulf War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Italy sent eight Tornado IDS and two spares to Al Dhafra for Operation Locusta, drawn from the wings at Ghedi, Gioia del Colle and Piacenza. On the first night of Desert Storm the aircraft of Major Gianmarco Bellini and Captain Maurizio Cocciolone was shot down; they were held for forty-seven days and were the only Italian prisoners of war of the conflict. The detachment flew 226 sorties over forty-two days of combat.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you visit Ghedi Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Ghedi is an operational base with no public access and, given its role, unusually tight security. The 6\\u00b0 Stormo takes part in occasional public events and its aircraft appear at Italian air shows, but there is no visitor centre or viewing facility on the airfield.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Ghedi Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (F-35A and Tornado; NATO nuclear sharing). The Italian Air Force operates it as 6\\u00b0 Stormo \\\"Alfredo Fusco\\\".\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Ghedi Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Ghedi Air Base is LIPL. The airfield sits at 101 m above sea level in Lombardia, at 45.4326 N, 10.2686 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Ghedi Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ghedi Air Base has one runway: 13\/31, 2,991 m (9,813 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Ghedi Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ghedi Air Base currently hosts 102\\u00b0 Gruppo OCU flying the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II; 154\\u00b0 Gruppo flying the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II; 155\\u00b0 Gruppo ETS flying the Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR, Panavia A-200C Tornado IDS; 606\\u00aa Squadriglia Collegamenti.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from an Italian air base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; a real military jet trainer, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls. Italian military airfields do not sell flights; this is the nearest thing there is.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Ghedi Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Italian Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Italian Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Panavia EA-200B Tornado ECR story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeronautica.difesa.it\/home\/noi-siamo-l-am\/organizzazione\/reparti\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aeronautica Militare: I reparti dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare<\/a><span>mission and equipment of each wing, training unit and support unit; note that parts of the page lag behind the retirement of the AMX and the AB-212<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeronautica.difesa.it\/news\/6-stormo-transizione-del-154-gruppo-volo-su-velivolo-f-35\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aeronautica Militare: 6&#176; Stormo, transizione del 154&#176; Gruppo Volo su velivolo F-35<\/a><span>4 July 2025: Ghedi becomes an F-35 main operating base, Tornado concentrated in the 155th Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/countries\/IT\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: aerodrome and runway data<\/a><span>coordinates, elevations, runway designators, lengths and surfaces. AIP Italia (aim.enav.it) could not be reached from this environment, so these figures are OurAirports data cross-checked against the Italian Wikipedia infoboxes; where the two disagree the discrepancy is noted in the research report<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ital-hero-ghedi.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam 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