{"id":29283,"date":"2026-10-02T09:13:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T07:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=29283"},"modified":"2026-10-02T15:37:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T13:37:37","slug":"air-force-of-zimbabwe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Force of Zimbabwe"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-29283 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-29283 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-29283 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-29283{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-29283 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-29283 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-29283 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;--bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam hr.divider{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.15} #mfam h3{font-size:20px;margin:36px 0 12px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .sh{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--blue);margin:30px 0 8px;line-height:1.4} #mfam .cols>div:first-child>.sh:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:17px;max-width:70ch;margin:0} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .imp{color:#8a93a3;font-weight:400} #mfam .spx-lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d4654;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px} #mfam .spx-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#697386;margin-top:18px;max-width:860px} #mfam .hero{position:relative;background:#10141d;padding:96px 0 0;overflow:hidden} #mfam .hero::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 10%,rgba(92,145,255,.22),transparent 55%),radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 90%,rgba(92,145,255,.10),transparent 50%)} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .native{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);margin-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} #mfam .pull{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} #mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,150px) minmax(0,1fr);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 20px;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt{color:#4a5566;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;min-width:0} #mfam ul.gl,#mfam #basetbl td>ul{list-style:none!important;margin:2px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li{position:relative;padding-left:14px!important;line-height:1.55;margin:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li+li{margin-top:3px!important} #mfam .gl.tl li{padding-left:12px} #mfam .gl.tl li::before{width:4px;height:4px;top:.66em} #mfam .gl li::before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:.6em;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--blue)} #mfam .gnote{display:block;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:7px} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin-top:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam table.oobt td{padding:11px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:#0d1117;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;line-height:1.5} #mfam table.oobt tr:nth-child(odd) td{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(4),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(5),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(4),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(6){text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left!important} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4){font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span+span{margin-top:7px} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span+span{display:block;margin-left:62px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span:first-child{display:inline-block;min-width:62px} #mfam .cname{white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(6),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(4),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(3),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(4){color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt td a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam table.oobt td a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam table.oobt.former td{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt.former td a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt tr.hot td{background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.mapjump{cursor:pointer} #mfam table.oobt td small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45} #mfam .tscroll{overflow-x:auto} #mfam .pill{display:inline-block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid #0d1117;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .pill.was{border-color:#c3cddb;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .pill.mig{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)}#mfam #basetbl td:first-child>span{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul{margin:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li{margin:0 0 6px!important;padding:0!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:#0d1117}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span:first-child{color:inherit}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span a{color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was a,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span a{color:var(--txt3)}#mfam .migbtn{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-top:8px;max-width:13em;padding:5px 9px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);line-height:1.4;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}#mfam .migbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .fleetchart{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 28px;margin-top:22px} #mfam .frow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 64px;align-items:center;gap:16px;height:38px} #mfam .fname{font-size:14px;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis} #mfam .fbar{display:block;background:#eef1f6;height:16px} #mfam .fbar i{display:block;height:16px;background:#5C91FF} #mfam .fnum{font-size:14px;text-align:right;color:#3d4654;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .mapframe{border:1px solid var(--blue);margin-top:22px;position:relative} #mfam .oobmap{height:560px;width:100%;background:#f4f6f9} #mfam .oobmap.home{height:520px} #mfam .mapsub{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin:34px 0 4px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.2} #mfam .mapnote{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.55;max-width:62em} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group,#mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button{border-radius:0!important} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group{box-shadow:none!important;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button+button{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib{font-size:10px;color:var(--txt3);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85)!important;font-family:inherit} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-content{border-radius:0;box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(13,17,23,.14);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-bottom .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-top-color:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-top .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup{max-width:300px!important;pointer-events:auto} #mfam .mf-pin{width:14px;height:14px;background:#0d1117;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #0d1117;transition:transform .15s ease;cursor:pointer} #mfam .mf-pin.was{background:#fff;border:2px solid #8b94a5;box-shadow:none} #mfam .mf-pin.mig{background:#5C91FF;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #5C91FF;width:16px;height:16px} #mfam .mf-pin.hot,#mfam .mf-pin:hover{transform:scale(1.35)} #mfam .bp{width:270px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.5} #mfam .bp-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp.was .bp-head{background:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp.mig .bp-head{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .bp-name{font-size:16px;padding:12px 14px 2px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-sub{font-size:12px;color:#8b94a5;padding:0 14px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .bp dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .bp dt,#mfam .bp dd{margin:0;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12.5px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.45} #mfam .bp dt{color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif} #mfam .bp dt small{display:block;color:#8b94a5;font-size:11px} #mfam .bp dd{text-align:right} #mfam .bp dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .bp dd a.was,#mfam .bp.was dd a{color:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .bp dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-link{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-link:hover{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-fly{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#5C91FF;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .legend{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;background:#fff;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px} #mfam .dot{width:11px;height:11px;display:inline-block;background:#0d1117} #mfam .dot.was{background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #8b94a5} #mfam .dot.mig{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .oob{border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;background:#fff} #mfam .oob>div{background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob>div a{color:#fff} #mfam .oob>div em{font-style:normal;opacity:.6} #mfam .oob dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0} #mfam .oob dt,#mfam .oob dd{padding:11px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5} #mfam .oob dt{color:#0d1117} #mfam .oob dt small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left} #mfam .oob dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .oob dt.was,#mfam .oob dd.was,#mfam .oob dd.was a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oob dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .oob dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px;margin-top:4px} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 26px;font-size:18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 26px 24px;font-size:16px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .ad .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;padding:14px 26px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ad .btn:hover{background:#fff;color:#0d1117} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:20px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:15px;padding:0} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:13.5px;display:block} #mfam .verified{font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:18px} #mfam{--red:#d8232a;--green:#1f9d63;--amber:#c9821a} #mfam .hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Zimbabwe<\/div>\n<h1>Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Air Force of Zimbabwe was formed at independence in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, fought in Mozambique and the Congo, and since the 2002 sanctions has kept a small fleet of Chinese F-7s and K-8s and a few restored British Hawks flying with growing difficulty.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1980<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>10<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Bob Adams from George, South Africa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Zimbabwe<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1980<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Harare<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>John Jacob Nzvede<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Air Force of Zimbabwe story: an Empire training ground, the Bush War, the Congo and Chinese jets under sanctions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1935&ndash;1945: a colonial air unit and a training ground for the Empire<\/h3>\n<p>The Air Force of Zimbabwe traces its line to an Air Section of the 1st Battalion, Rhodesia Regiment, formed in 1935&ndash;36 in the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia. The first pilots won their wings on 13 May 1938 and the Southern Rhodesia Air Force was formed on 19 September 1939. In April 1940 it was absorbed into the Royal Air Force as No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron and fought in East Africa; Nos. 44 and 266 Squadrons RAF carried the title &quot;(Rhodesia)&quot; because so many of their men came from the colony. Wikipedia&rsquo;s figure is that one in five Rhodesian airmen was killed. The colony&rsquo;s bigger contribution was on the ground: the Rhodesian Air Training Group, whose stations included Thornhill near Gweru (training from March 1942), trained about 10,000 Commonwealth and Allied aircrew between 1940 and 1945.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1947&ndash;1979: from the Royal Rhodesian Air Force to the Bush War<\/h3>\n<p>The air force was re-formed in 1947 with 22 surplus Spitfire F.22s, then 16 Vampire FB.9s and Canberra bombers. It became the Royal Rhodesian Air Force in 1954, during the Federation, and took Hunters and Alouette III helicopters from 1962. After the white-minority government&rsquo;s Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 sanctions cut off new aircraft, and it bought what it could: Cessna 337 Lynx, SF.260s and, through Israel, 11 Agusta-Bell 205s. Renamed the Rhodesian Air Force in 1970, it was at the centre of the Bush War against the ZANLA and ZIPRA guerrilla armies, with no more than about 2,300 people and 150 pilots. Its Fireforce helicopters and its raids into Mozambique and Zambia, among them the October 1978 attack on Westlands Farm near Lusaka, are counted as successes by Rhodesian accounts and as attacks on refugee camps by ZAPU; the claims of both sides are given below.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1980&ndash;1997: a new air force, Hawks, sabotage and Chinese fighters<\/h3>\n<p>Zimbabwe became independent on 18 April 1980 and the service was reconstituted as the Air Force of Zimbabwe. Pakistan trained most of the new pilots, helped rebuild Thornhill and lent Air Marshal Azim Daudpota as Chief of Air Staff from 1983 to 1986, and Nigeria also trained early pilots. Eight BAE Hawk T.60s ordered in 1981 arrived in July 1982. On the night of 25 July 1982 saboteurs at Thornhill damaged four Hawks, nine Hunters and a Lynx; one Hawk was written off. From 1986 the AFZ turned to China for its first supersonic fighters, 12 F-7s, and Josiah Tungamirai, a former ZANLA political commissar, took command. From 1982 the AFZ supported Zimbabwean troops guarding the Beira corridor in Mozambique&rsquo;s civil war against RENAMO.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1998&ndash;2002: the Congo war<\/h3>\n<p>In August 1998 President Robert Mugabe sent forces to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, under a SADC mandate, to defend Laurent Kabila&rsquo;s government against a Rwandan- and Ugandan-backed rebellion. The army contingent grew from 600&ndash;1,000 to about 12,000 by January 2001. The AFZ sent Hawks, F-7s, Hunters, C-212s, Islanders, Alouettes, AB412s and newly bought Mi-35s. Its first recorded action, on 26 August 1998, was against a rebel column approaching Kinshasa. Losses are not officially published: Wikipedia&rsquo;s accounts give three of six Mi-24\/35s, a transport and probably an F-7, and estimates of four Hawks and three F-7s. In January 2001 three of five F-7s sent to Kinshasa for Kabila&rsquo;s funeral fly-past crashed, accidents blamed on low flying hours. Zimbabwe spent 166 million US dollars on the war in January&ndash;June 2000 alone and withdrew by the end of 2002.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2002&ndash;2026: sanctions, Chinese trainers and a shrinking fleet<\/h3>\n<p>In February&ndash;March 2002 the European Union and the United States imposed sanctions over human rights violations, and spares for the British Hawks dried up. In 2014 the commander of 22 years, Air Marshal Perence Shiri, said the sanctions had not spared the air force, and defenceWeb reported most Hawks grounded. The answer was Chinese: 12 K-8 jet trainers in 2006. Shiri retired in December 2017 and was followed by Elson Moyo and, on 15 March 2024, by Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede. FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count, as tabulated on Wikipedia, is about 80 aircraft, including nine F-7s, 12 K-8s, four Hawks restored to service since 2019, six Mi-35s and 12 Super Mushshaks on order from Pakistan. Fatal crashes of a K-8 in February 2025 and an F-7 in May 2025 show the strain of flying a small, ageing fleet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The air force was re-formed in 1947 with 22 surplus Spitfire F.22s, then 16 Vampire FB.9s and Canberra bombers. It became the Royal Rhodesian Air Force in 1954, during the Federation, and took Hunters and Alouette III helicopters from 1962.<cite>Air Force of Zimbabwe &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Air Force of Zimbabwe in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Official name<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Force of Zimbabwe<span class=\"gnote\">English is the language of the defence forces; the abbreviation is AFZ. Wikipedia&rsquo;s article has the same title<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1980<span class=\"gnote\">Reconstituted from the Rhodesian Air Force at independence on 18 April 1980. The lineage runs from the Southern Rhodesia Air Force of 19 September 1939 and an army air section of 1935&ndash;36<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Zimbabwe Defence Forces<span class=\"gnote\">One of the two ZDF services with the Zimbabwe National Army; the ZDF commander is Gen Emmanuel Matatu (from November 2025, according to Wikipedia)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede<span class=\"gnote\">Invested on 15 March 2024 in Harare<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Motto<\/dt>\n<dd>Al&#230; Pr&#230;sidio Patri&#230;<span class=\"gnote\">Latin, translated by Wikipedia as &quot;Our wings are the fortress of the nation&quot;<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Minister of Defence<\/dt>\n<dd>Oppah Muchinguri<span class=\"gnote\">As given on Wikipedia in October 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 5,000 (1999)<span class=\"gnote\">No recent official figure. The whole ZDF has about 29,000 active personnel and 21,800 paramilitaries (defenceWeb 2026, IISS figures)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Total aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>About 80<span class=\"gnote\">FlightGlobal World Air Forces 2026, as tabulated on Wikipedia; serviceability is not published and defenceWeb reported most Hawks grounded in 2014<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat and attack aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Chengdu F-7 &mdash; 9<\/li>\n<li>SF.260 &mdash; 9 light attack, plus 6 trainers<\/li>\n<li>Mi-35 &mdash; 6 attack helicopters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Fleet counts are FlightGlobal 2026 via Wikipedia; the F-7 count includes two-seaters<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Jet trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>K-8 &mdash; 12<\/li>\n<li>BAE Hawk T.60\/60A &mdash; 4 (restored 2019&ndash;2023)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">One K-8 crashed on 6 February 2025, after the count was compiled<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport and helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CASA C-212 &mdash; 9<\/li>\n<li>BN-2A Islander &mdash; 5<\/li>\n<li>Alouette III &mdash; 13<\/li>\n<li>AB412 &mdash; 8<\/li>\n<li>Mi-172 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Plus a VIP EC225 whose current status is not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>On order<\/dt>\n<dd>12 Super Mushshak trainers<span class=\"gnote\">From Pakistan; reported in May 2024, no delivery schedule published<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base (formerly Thornhill), Gweru &mdash; jet training, F-7, SF.260<\/li>\n<li>New Sarum, Harare &mdash; transport and helicopters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Thornhill was renamed under Statutory Instrument 138 of 2017<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Flying squadrons<\/dt>\n<dd>8 numbered, 6 active<span class=\"gnote\">Nos. 1 and 4 inactive after the Hunter and Lynx were retired, according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s squadron table; the Thornhill article still lists No. 4 with Cessna trainers<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Other airfield<\/dt>\n<dd>Charles Prince Airport, Harare<span class=\"gnote\">Named by Wikipedia as a training site<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Next major exercise<\/dt>\n<dd>SADC blue air exercise, 2027<span class=\"gnote\">Zimbabwe is to host it, the AFZ chief said in September 2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Air Force of Zimbabwe is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One of the two services of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces, with its headquarters in Harare and six active numbered squadrons at two main bases, Gweru and Manyame. <span class=\"imp\">The front line is nine Chengdu F-7s of No. 5 Squadron at Gweru, a figure that includes two-seaters, backed by 12 K-8 and four restored Hawk jet trainers; FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count, as tabulated on Wikipedia, is about 80 aircraft in all.<\/span> How many are airworthy is not published, and 12 Super Mushshak trainers are on order from Pakistan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">JJ<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Air Marshal<\/span><b>John Jacob Nzvede<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander, Air Force of Zimbabwe &middot; in office since 2024<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Harare<\/div>\n<p>One of the two services of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces, with the Zimbabwe National Army, headquartered in Harare. Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede was invested as commander on 15 March 2024, succeeding Air Marshal Elson Moyo; NewZimbabwe reported that Moyo was forced to retire after an airport bomb scare, which was not officially confirmed. Wikipedia counts eight numbered squadrons, six of them active.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>No. 5 Squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Gweru (Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base)<\/div>\n<p>The AFZ&rsquo;s only fighter squadron, flying the Chengdu F-7 since 1986: FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count, as tabulated on Wikipedia, is nine, including two-seaters. At least four have been lost in accidents, the latest at the end of May 2025, and in March 2023 the commander asked the Nigerian Air Force for help keeping them flying.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Nos. 2 and 6 Squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Gweru (Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base)<\/div>\n<p>No. 2 Squadron flies the 12 K-8s that arrived from China in 2006 and the four Hawks restored to service since 2019; one of its K-8s crashed near Guinea Fowl on 6 February 2025. No. 6 Squadron teaches basic flying on the SF.260, nine of them in the light attack role. Twelve Super Mushshak trainers are on order from Pakistan, with no delivery schedule published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>No. 3 Squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Harare (Manyame Air Force Base)<\/div>\n<p>Nine CASA C-212s and five Britten-Norman Islanders, according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia; in the Bush War the same squadron flew C-47 Dakotas from New Sarum. A C-212 joined the SADC Blue Lugwasho drought-relief airlift in Zambia in September 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Nos. 7 and 8 Squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Harare (Manyame Air Force Base)<\/div>\n<p>No. 7 Squadron, the Rhodesian Fireforce squadron, flies 13 Alouette IIIs and six Mi-35 attack helicopters; No. 8 Squadron flies eight AB412s and a Mi-172. An AB412 crashed into a house near Harare in April 2021, killing four, among them the AFZ&rsquo;s first female helicopter pilot.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Air Force of Zimbabwe flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7II\/IIN and FT-7 (J-7 export)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>1986<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>FlightGlobal World Air Forces 2026, as tabulated on Wikipedia, gives nine, a figure that includes two FT-7 two-seaters (the same table also lists the two FT-7s on a separate line). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>12 were delivered in 1986. At least four have been lost in accidents: three during the January 2001 Kabila funeral flight and one in May 2025.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum (K-8E)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>12 received from China in 2006 (defenceWeb). FlightGlobal 2026 via Wikipedia still lists 12, but one was destroyed on 6 February 2025, so the flying number is probably 11 or fewer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk T.60\/T.60A<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four in 2026 according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia, after one was returned to service in 2019 and more between 2022 and 2023. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Eight were ordered in 1981; the Wikipedia DRC account says 12 Hawks took part there. The 2014 defenceWeb report said most were grounded.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SIAI-Marchetti SF.260<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Nine in the light attack role plus six trainers, according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Fatal SF.260 crashes were reported in September 2014, December 2020 and September 2025.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-35 \/ Mi-24 (Hind)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six in 2026 according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The Wikipedia Second Congo War article says three of six were lost in the DRC; defenceWeb in 2014 listed both Mi-24V and Mi-35.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-172 \/ Mi-8<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One Mi-172 in the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia; defenceWeb listed an Mi-8 in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell AB412<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA316B Alouette III<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>13 according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters EC225 Super Puma<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not confirmed. Wikipedia cites HeliHub for a delivery in April 2021 and records an EC225 destroyed on 15 September 2024; whether any remain is not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASA C-212 Aviocar<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Nine according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light utility transport<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Five according to the FlightGlobal-based table on Wikipedia; six were used in the DRC.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">SF.260<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">15<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Alouette III<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:87%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">13<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">K-8<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:80%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">12<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">F-7<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:60%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">9<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">C-212<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:60%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">9<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AB412<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:53%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">8<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-35<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:40%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Islander<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:33%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>PAC MFI-395 Super Mushshak<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Reported in May 2024 by the EurAsian Times, which traced the deal to the IDEAS 2022 exhibition in Karachi; Wikipedia lists 12 on order. No delivery schedule or contract value was published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Air Force of Zimbabwe has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">10 types, from the Hawker Hunter FGA.9 to the Hawker Hunter FGA.9. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker Hunter FGA.9<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>F-7<\/td>\n<td>Rhodesian numbers not confirmed. Nine were damaged in the 1982 Thornhill sabotage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\" class=\"was\">English Electric Canberra<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bomber and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>16 according to the Wikipedia Rhodesian Air Force article.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Vampire FB.9<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber and trainer<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>16 FB.9s according to Wikipedia; trainer numbers not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire F.22<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Vampire<\/td>\n<td>22 surplus Mk 22s according to Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reims-Cessna FTB337G Lynx<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Counter-insurgency and observation<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell 205 (UH-1)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>11 according to Wikipedia, originally obtained via Israel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas C-47 Dakota<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport and electronic intelligence<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>CASA C-212<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Aermacchi AL-60 Trojan<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23<\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shenyang FT-5<\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>K-8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Air Force of Zimbabwe flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases; none of the airfields listed has closed. <span class=\"imp\">Both main bases date from the colonial era: Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base at Gweru, the former Thornhill, began as a Royal Air Force training station in 1942, and Manyame, the former New Sarum, opened in 1952 and shares its runway with Harare&rsquo;s international airport.<\/span> Charles Prince Airport is a civil field the AFZ uses for training, and Buffalo Range near Chiredzi, a Bush War forward airfield, is a joint civil and military airfield. Jason Ziyapapa Moyo Air Force Base near Chegutu has no published aerodrome data and carries no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-buffalo-range\" data-base=\"buffalo-range\" data-x=\"active active Civil, with military use BFO\">\n<td>Buffalo Range Airport (Forward 7), Chiredzi<span>Masvingo Province, near Chiredzi<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FVCZ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14\/32<\/span>1,763 m<span>bitumen<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-charles-prince\" data-base=\"charles-prince\" data-x=\"active active Civil \">\n<td>Charles Prince Airport (Mount Hampden), Harare<span>North-west of Harare<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FVCP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>1,200 m<\/span><span><span>14\/32<\/span>925 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 28 Elementary Flying Training School (Royal Air Force)<\/span>: <span>de Havilland Tiger Moth, North American Harvard, Fairchild PT-26 Cornell<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-jason-ziyapapa-moyo\" data-base=\"jason-ziyapapa-moyo\" data-x=\"active active Jason Ziyapapa Moyo Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe; commander Air Commodore Ellen Chiweshe (from 4 February 2025) \">\n<td>Jason Ziyapapa Moyo Air Force Base (Fylde), Chegutu<span>Mashonaland West Province, near Chegutu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-thornhill\" data-base=\"thornhill\" data-x=\"active active Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe GWE\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/thornhill\/\">Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base (Thornhill), Gweru<\/a><span>Midlands Province, near Gweru<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FVTL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13\/31<\/span>2,672 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 2 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk T.60\/T.60A<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\">de Havilland Vampire FB.9 and T.55 (Rhodesian era)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 5 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7II\/IIN and FT-7BZ<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 6 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SIAI-Marchetti SF.260M, SF.260TP and SF.260W; Percival Provost (Rhodesian era)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 4 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Reims-Cessna FTB337G Lynx, Aermacchi AL-60 Trojan (Rhodesian era)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 1 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\">Hawker Hunter FGA.9<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Rhodesian Air Training Group flying schools<\/span>: <span>North American Harvard and other RAF trainers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-manyame\" data-base=\"manyame\" data-x=\"active active Manyame Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe HRE\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/manyame\/\">Manyame Air Force Base (New Sarum), Harare<\/a><span>Harare, beside Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FVRG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>4,725 m<span>asphalt and concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 3 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CASA C-212-200 Aviocar, Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander, Douglas C-47 Dakota (Rhodesian era)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 7 Squadron<\/span>: <span>A&#233;rospatiale Alouette III, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-35P<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 8 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Agusta-Bell 412SP, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-172<\/a>, Agusta-Bell 205 (Rhodesian era)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 5 Squadron (Canberra era)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">English Electric Canberra B.2 and T.4<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">The Air Force of Zimbabwe kept the Rhodesian squadron numbers: No. 7, the Fireforce helicopter squadron of the Bush War, still flies Alouette IIIs from Manyame, while No. 5, once the Canberra squadron at New Sarum, now flies the F-7 at Gweru.<\/span> Nos. 1 and 4 Squadrons are listed as inactive, although Wikipedia&rsquo;s Thornhill article still gives No. 4 aircraft. The Royal Air Force training schools of the Second World War are listed and marked as not Rhodesian.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Midlands Province, near Gweru active Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/thornhill\/\">Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base (Thornhill), Gweru<\/a> &middot; FVTL<\/span><em>Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 2 Squadron<small>Cobra &middot; Jet training and light attack squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk T.60\/T.60A<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\">de Havilland Vampire FB.9 and T.55 (Rhodesian era)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 5 Squadron<small>Arrow &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7II\/IIN and FT-7BZ<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 6 Squadron<small>Tiger &middot; Basic flying training squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SIAI-Marchetti SF.260M, SF.260TP and SF.260W; Percival Provost (Rhodesian era)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 4 Squadron<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Reims-Cessna FTB337G Lynx, Aermacchi AL-60 Trojan (Rhodesian era)<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 1 Squadron<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Hawker Hunter FGA.9<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Rhodesian Air Training Group flying schools<small>1942&ndash;1955<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">North American Harvard and other RAF trainers<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Harare, beside Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport active Manyame Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/manyame\/\">Manyame Air Force Base (New Sarum), Harare<\/a> &middot; FVRG<\/span><em>Manyame Air Force Base, Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 3 Squadron<small>Falcon &middot; Transport squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CASA C-212-200 Aviocar, Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander, Douglas C-47 Dakota (Rhodesian era)<\/dd>\n<dt>No. 7 Squadron<small>Spider &middot; Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>A&#233;rospatiale Alouette III, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-35P<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 8 Squadron<small>Scorpion &middot; Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Agusta-Bell 412SP, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-172<\/a>, Agusta-Bell 205 (Rhodesian era)<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 5 Squadron (Canberra era)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">English Electric Canberra B.2 and T.4<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North-west of Harare active Civil\">\n<div><span>Charles Prince Airport (Mount Hampden), Harare &middot; FVCP<\/span><em>Civil<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 28 Elementary Flying Training School (Royal Air Force)<small>1941&ndash;1945<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">de Havilland Tiger Moth, North American Harvard, Fairchild PT-26 Cornell<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Air Force of Zimbabwe milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>An Air Section of the 1st Battalion, Rhodesia Regiment, formed in 1935&ndash;36, is the starting point of the lineage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>19 September: the Southern Rhodesia Air Force is formed; its first pilots had won their wings on 13 May 1938.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>April: the unit becomes No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron RAF and fights in East Africa; the Rhodesian Air Training Group begins work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>March: flying training begins at Thornhill, near Gweru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>The Southern Rhodesian Air Force is re-established, later equipped with 22 Spitfire F.22s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>March: New Sarum, near Salisbury (Harare), opens as Air Headquarters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>The service becomes the Royal Rhodesian Air Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>It becomes the Rhodesian Air Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>19&ndash;21 October: Operation Gatling, the Rhodesian air and ground raid on ZIPRA camps in Zambia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>18 April: independence; the service is reconstituted as the Air Force of Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>July: eight Hawk T.60s delivered. 25 July: sabotage at Thornhill damages four Hawks, nine Hunters and a Lynx.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1986<\/div>\n<p>12 Chengdu F-7s delivered; Josiah Tungamirai succeeds Azim Daudpota as commander.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>August: the AFZ deploys to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; first strike on a rebel column near Kinshasa on 26 August.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2001<\/div>\n<p>January: three of five F-7s sent to Kinshasa for Laurent Kabila&rsquo;s funeral crash.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2002<\/div>\n<p>EU and US sanctions cut off spares for the Hawk; Zimbabwe completes its withdrawal from the DRC by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>12 Hongdu K-8 jet trainers arrive from China.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>Thornhill is renamed Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base; on 18 December Perence Shiri retires and Elson Moyo takes command.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>15 March: Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede takes command.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Air Force of Zimbabwe has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1939<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>Second World War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1939&ndash;1945<\/span> Army cooperation and later wider RAF service; Rhodesians also served in Nos<\/li>\n<li><b>Rhodesian Bush War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1964&ndash;1979<\/span> Close air support, Fireforce helicopter assault, paratroop transport, reconnaissance and cross-border strikes against ZANLA and ZIPRA<\/li>\n<li><b>Mozambican Civil War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1982&ndash;1992<\/span> Support of Zimbabwean ground forces fighting alongside FRELIMO against RENAMO, including operations against RENAMO&rsquo;s Gorongosa bases<\/li>\n<li><b>Second Congo War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1998&ndash;2002<\/span> Air defence of Kinshasa, strikes on rebel columns and positions, transport and helicopter support for the Zimbabwean contingent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Air Force of Zimbabwe news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Air Force of Zimbabwe and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"zimbabwe\" data-match=\"zimbabwe|rhodesia\" data-reject=\"Airlines|Airways|Air Lines\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/rhodesian-air-force-sanctions-embargo-1965-1980\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph12\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-17\">17 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Rhodesian Air Force: Fifteen Years of Flying Under Embargo<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The UN&rsquo;s first mandatory arms embargo was aimed at Rhodesia in 1966. Its Hunters, Canberras and Vampires flew for fourteen more&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Air Force of Zimbabwe fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">According to FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026, as tabulated on Wikipedia, about 80 aircraft: nine Chengdu <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">F-7<\/a> fighters, 12 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">K-8<\/a> and four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">Hawk<\/a> jet trainers, 15 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SF.260<\/a>s, six <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-35<\/a> attack helicopters, Alouette III and AB412 helicopters, and C-212 and Islander transports. How many are airworthy is not published.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Zimbabwe have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, but only a handful of 1980s Chinese ones: nine Chengdu F-7s (a licence-built MiG-21 relative) in the FlightGlobal count, including two-seaters. Twelve arrived in 1986; three were lost in one day in January 2001 and another crashed near Gweru in May 2025, killing its pilot. Talks to buy MiG-29s came to nothing.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the official name of Zimbabwe&rsquo;s air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), the name used by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces and in the English Wikipedia article title. It was formed in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, called the Royal Rhodesian Air Force from 1954 to 1970 and the Southern Rhodesia Air Force before that. Its motto is Al&#230; Pr&#230;sidio Patri&#230;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the Air Force of Zimbabwe?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede, invested in Harare on 15 March 2024, according to NewZimbabwe. He succeeded Air Marshal Elson Moyo, commander since December 2017. Perence Shiri led the service for 25 years, from 1992 to 2017.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened at Thornhill in July 1982?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On the night of 25 July 1982, days after eight new Hawks arrived, saboteurs attacked Thornhill air base near Gweru and damaged four Hawks, nine Hunters and a Cessna Lynx, according to Wikipedia. One Hawk was written off; two were rebuilt by BAE Systems and one repaired on site.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Air Force of Zimbabwe fight in the Congo?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. From August 1998 to 2002 it flew Hawks, F-7s, Hunters, Mi-35s and transports in support of Laurent Kabila&rsquo;s government, starting with a strike on a rebel column near Kinshasa on 26 August 1998. Zimbabwe has not published its losses; Wikipedia&rsquo;s sources estimate several Hawks, F-7s and helicopters.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Zimbabwe buy Chinese K-8 trainers?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because the EU and US sanctions of 2002 cut off spares for its British-built Hawks. Twelve K-8s arrived from China in 2006, and in 2014, as reported by defenceWeb, the then commander Perence Shiri said sanctions had hit the air force and President Mugabe spoke of a severe shortage of spares. A K-8 crashed near Gweru on 6 February 2025, killing a trainee pilot.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are Zimbabwe&rsquo;s Hawks still flying?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Some are. One Hawk was returned to service for the AFZ&rsquo;s 40th anniversary fly-past in 2019 and more between 2022 and 2023, leaving four in FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count; the defence forces declined to say how they were refurbished.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Rhodesian Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The air force of the white-minority government of Rhodesia, the AFZ&rsquo;s predecessor. It flew Hunters, Canberras, Vampires and Alouette helicopters through the Bush War of the 1960s and 1970s, including cross-border raids such as the 1978 attack near Lusaka. At independence in April 1980 it became the Air Force of Zimbabwe.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Air Force of Zimbabwe fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"According to FlightGlobal\\u2019s World Air Forces 2026, as tabulated on Wikipedia, about 80 aircraft: nine Chengdu F-7 fighters, 12 K-8 and four Hawk jet trainers, 15 SF.260s, six Mi-35 attack helicopters, Alouette III and AB412 helicopters, and C-212 and Islander transports. How many are airworthy is not published.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Zimbabwe have fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, but only a handful of 1980s Chinese ones: nine Chengdu F-7s (a licence-built MiG-21 relative) in the FlightGlobal count, including two-seaters. Twelve arrived in 1986; three were lost in one day in January 2001 and another crashed near Gweru in May 2025, killing its pilot. Talks to buy MiG-29s came to nothing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the official name of Zimbabwe\\u2019s air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), the name used by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces and in the English Wikipedia article title. It was formed in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, called the Royal Rhodesian Air Force from 1954 to 1970 and the Southern Rhodesia Air Force before that. Its motto is Al\\u00e6 Pr\\u00e6sidio Patri\\u00e6.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the Air Force of Zimbabwe?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede, invested in Harare on 15 March 2024, according to NewZimbabwe. He succeeded Air Marshal Elson Moyo, commander since December 2017. Perence Shiri led the service for 25 years, from 1992 to 2017.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened at Thornhill in July 1982?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On the night of 25 July 1982, days after eight new Hawks arrived, saboteurs attacked Thornhill air base near Gweru and damaged four Hawks, nine Hunters and a Cessna Lynx, according to Wikipedia. One Hawk was written off; two were rebuilt by BAE Systems and one repaired on site.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Air Force of Zimbabwe fight in the Congo?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. From August 1998 to 2002 it flew Hawks, F-7s, Hunters, Mi-35s and transports in support of Laurent Kabila\\u2019s government, starting with a strike on a rebel column near Kinshasa on 26 August 1998. Zimbabwe has not published its losses; Wikipedia\\u2019s sources estimate several Hawks, F-7s and helicopters.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Zimbabwe buy Chinese K-8 trainers?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the EU and US sanctions of 2002 cut off spares for its British-built Hawks. Twelve K-8s arrived from China in 2006, and in 2014, as reported by defenceWeb, the then commander Perence Shiri said sanctions had hit the air force and President Mugabe spoke of a severe shortage of spares. A K-8 crashed near Gweru on 6 February 2025, killing a trainee pilot.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are Zimbabwe\\u2019s Hawks still flying?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Some are. One Hawk was returned to service for the AFZ\\u2019s 40th anniversary fly-past in 2019 and more between 2022 and 2023, leaving four in FlightGlobal\\u2019s 2026 count; the defence forces declined to say how they were refurbished.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Rhodesian Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The air force of the white-minority government of Rhodesia, the AFZ\\u2019s predecessor. It flew Hunters, Canberras, Vampires and Alouette helicopters through the Bush War of the 1960s and 1970s, including cross-border raids such as the 1978 attack near Lusaka. At independence in April 1980 it became the Air Force of Zimbabwe.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Air Force of Zimbabwe flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Chengdu F-7II\/IIN and FT-7 (J-7 export)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Hongdu K-8 Karakorum (K-8E)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>BAE Hawk T.60\/T.60A<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>SIAI-Marchetti SF.260<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-35 \/ Mi-24 (Hind)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-172 \/ Mi-8<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Hawker Hunter FGA.9<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1962&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>English Electric Canberra<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Vampire FB.9<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\"><span class=\"im ph10\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Spitfire F.22<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/land\/land-land\/african-military-profile-zimbabwe\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: African Military Profile: Zimbabwe (13 January 2026)<\/a><span>ZDF of two services (army and AFZ); about 29,000 active and 21,800 paramilitary; underfunding, sanctions and obsolete hardware.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/sanctions-hit-zimbabwean-air-force\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Sanctions hit Zimbabwean air force (20 June 2014)<\/a><span>Air Marshal Perence Shiri and President Mugabe on spares shortages since the 2002 sanctions; types affected; 12 K-8s received from China in 2006.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/zimbabwe-air-force-asks-nigeria-for-technical-assistance\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Zimbabwe Air Force asks Nigeria for technical assistance (31 March 2023)<\/a><span>Air Marshal Elson Moyo asked the Nigerian Air Force for help with F-7 and Mi-35 maintenance and UAVs; Nigeria trained the first Zimbabwean pilots in the 1980s.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenceweb.co.za\/tag\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: articles tagged Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a><span>Headlines and dates: AB412 crash kills four (26 April 2021), SF-260 crashes reported 8 September 2014 and 10 December 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/six-sadc-air-forces-bolster-ex-blue-lugwasho-with-aircraft-contributions\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Six SADC air forces bolster Ex Blue Lugwasho with aircraft contributions (19 September 2025)<\/a><span>AFZ sent a C-212 and a Bell 412 to the SADC drought-relief exercise in Zambia, 9&ndash;26 September 2025; the AFZ chief said Zimbabwe will host the next SADC blue air exercise in 2027.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newzimbabwe.com\/new-air-force-of-zimbabwe-commander-officially-takes-over\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NewZimbabwe: New Air Force of Zimbabwe commander officially takes over (16 March 2024)<\/a><span>John Jacob Nzvede promoted Air Marshal and invested on 15 March 2024 in Harare by Gen Philip Valerio Sibanda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newzimbabwe.com\/airforce-helicopter-crashes-on-takeoff-from-mnangagwas-birthday-event\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NewZimbabwe: Airforce helicopter crashes on takeoff from Mnangagwa&rsquo;s birthday event (16 September 2024)<\/a><span>AFZ helicopter crashed on take-off at Masvingo; one crew member slightly injured; government statement by Nick Mangwana.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newzimbabwe.com\/pilot-dies-in-air-force-of-zimbabwe-jet-trainer-crash\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NewZimbabwe: Pilot dies in Air Force of Zimbabwe jet trainer crash (6 February 2025)<\/a><span>K-8 of No. 2 Squadron, Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base, crashed about 5 km east of Guinea Fowl; trainee pilot killed; board of inquiry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newzimbabwe.com\/airforce-of-zimbabwe-pilot-killed-as-fighter-jet-crashes\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NewZimbabwe: Airforce of Zimbabwe pilot killed as fighter jet crashes (31 May 2025)<\/a><span>F-7 crashed in the Wazheri area on the Gweru&ndash;Mvuma road on a routine sortie; Squadron Leader (retired) Ritswanetsi Vuyo Ncube killed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurasiantimes.com\/as-india-struggles-pakistan-bags-another-contract\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EurAsian Times: Pakistan to deliver 12 Super Mushshak aircraft to Zimbabwe (10 May 2024)<\/a><span>12 Super Mushshak trainers, deal traced to IDEAS 2022 in Karachi; AFZ delegation led by AVM Biltim Chingono; no delivery schedule.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/FVTL\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base (FVTL) and its runway page<\/a><span>Public-domain database, not the AIP: reference point -19.436718, 29.861945; elevation 4,680 ft; runway 13L\/31R 8,766 ft (2,672 m) by 100 ft, asphalt, lit; parallel 13R\/31L 7,826 ft (2,385 m) listed as closed (https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/FVTL\/runways.html).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rhodesianforces.org\/rhodesianforces.org\/ThornhillAirBase.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rhodesian Forces (veterans&rsquo; history site): History of Thornhill Air Base<\/a><span>RAF training at Thornhill until 1955 and take-over by the Royal Rhodesian Air Force; runway, taxiway, hardstanding, tower and radar built 1956&ndash;1957 for jet training; No. 9 and No. 10 Short Service Units; resident squadrons Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 6; station commanders from Sqn Ldr Doug Whyte (November 1955). A Rhodesian veterans&rsquo; account.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.co.zw\/news\/govt-renames-all-army-barracks\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Search Zimbabwe: Govt renames all army barracks (18 November 2017)<\/a><span>Statutory Instrument 138 of 2017 under section 89 of the Defence Act: Thornhill Air Force Base becomes Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base and Fylde (spelt &quot;Flyde&quot;) Air Force Base becomes Jason Ziyapapa Moyo Air Force Base.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2025\/09\/zimbabwe-loses-another-sf-260-trainer-aircraft-two-pilots-killed\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Zimbabwe loses another SF-260 trainer aircraft, two pilots killed (Patrick Kenyette, 19 September 2025)<\/a><span>9 September 2025 crash shortly after take-off from Josiah Tungamirai Air Force Base; Squadron Leader Chidyausiku and a trainee killed; earlier SF.260 losses in 2014, October 2018 (at the base), November 2020 (Somabhula) and February 2023 (near Mlezu College, Gweru).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zimlii.org\/akn\/zw\/act\/1983\/4\/eng%402016-12-31\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ZimLII: Names (Alteration) Act [Chapter 10:14], Act 4 of 1983<\/a><span>The statute cited by Wikipedia for the renaming of New Sarum as Manyame. Cited as given by Wikipedia; the act&rsquo;s schedule was not read for this entry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heraldonline.co.zw\/jason-ziyapapa-moyo-air-force-gets-first-female-base-commander\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Herald: Jason Ziyapapa Moyo Air Force gets first female base commander (4 February 2025)<\/a><span>Base a few kilometres south of Chegutu; Air Commodore Ellen Chiweshe takes command, the second woman to command an AFZ air base since independence (the first commanded Manyame).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zbcnews.co.zw\/air-force-of-zimbabwe-pledges-expanded-humanitarian-projects-for-2026\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ZBC News: Air Force of Zimbabwe pledges expanded humanitarian projects for 2026 (15 November 2025)<\/a><span>Commander AFZ Charity Fund event at Manyame Air Force Base hosted by Air Marshal John Jacob Nzvede.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Bob Adams from George, South Africa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Danie van der Merwe from Cape Town, South Africa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Sir James \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: Staff Sgt. Manuel J. Martinez \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: The original uploader was Helipaolo at Italian Wikipedia. \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Calips \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Dietmar Rabich \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: ChowellsNoise reduction and shadows lifted by Diliff. \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.5) &middot; Photo: Rob Schleiffert \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-hero-air-force-of-zimbabwe.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-424.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-425.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-426.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph5{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-427.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph6{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-429.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph7{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-431.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph8{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-433.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph9{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr2-english-electric-canberra-b-6.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph10{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-436.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph11{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-zw-t-438.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph12{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/hawker-hunter-fga9-ground-attack-fighter-768x512.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"oob-pins\" hidden data-z=\"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\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"oob-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div id=\"shr-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe The Air Force of Zimbabwe was formed at independence in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, fought in Mozambique and the Congo, and since the 2002 sanctions has kept a small fleet of Chinese F-7s and K-8s and a few restored British [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":22996,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29283","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e8\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"he_IL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe The Air Force of Zimbabwe was formed at independence in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, fought in Mozambique and the Congo, and since the 2002 sanctions has kept a small fleet of Chinese F-7s and K-8s and a few restored British [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e8\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-02T13:37:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e8\u05da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"22 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\\\/\",\"name\":\"Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-02T07:13:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-02T13:37:37+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"he-IL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Air Force of Zimbabwe\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"he-IL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"he-IL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e8\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/","og_locale":"he_IL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug","og_description":"Order of Battle &middot; Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe The Air Force of Zimbabwe was formed at independence in 1980 from the Rhodesian Air Force, fought in Mozambique and the Congo, and since the 2002 sanctions has kept a small fleet of Chinese F-7s and K-8s and a few restored British [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea-\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e8\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-02T13:37:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e8\u05da":"22 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/","name":"Air Force of Zimbabwe | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-02T07:13:01+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-02T13:37:37+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"he-IL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Air Force of Zimbabwe"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"\u05de\u05d9\u05d2\u05e4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2","description":"\u05d8\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05db\u05dd \u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"he-IL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"he-IL","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29283"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30345,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29283\/revisions\/30345"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}