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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; France<\/div>\n<h1>Antoinette<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Soci&#233;t&#233; Antoinette &middot; Soci&#233;t&#233; des moteurs Antoinette &middot; Soci&#233;t&#233; des avions et moteurs Antoinette<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A V8 engine named after a financier&rsquo;s daughter powered half the pioneers of French flight; its own elegant monoplanes, flown by the dandy Hubert Latham, nearly beat Bl&#233;riot across the Channel.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1906<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Defunct 1912<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>8<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>France<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1906<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>L&#233;on Levavasseur, Jules Gastambide<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Puteaux, near Paris<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Defunct 1912<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Antoinette: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">An engine named after a girl<\/h3>\n<p>On holiday in the summer of 1902, the engineer L&#233;on Levavasseur told the industrialist Jules Gastambide that powered flight would need light, powerful engines, and offered to build them. He suggested naming them after Gastambide&rsquo;s daughter, Antoinette. Gastambide paid, and that year Levavasseur patented an engine with its cylinders in a V. His first V8 of 1903 weighed 157 kg for 80 hp. Racing boats came first: by 1904 most prize-winning speedboats in Europe ran Antoinette engines, and the Antoinette III of 1905, at 600 hp, was called <span class=\"imp\">the most powerful motor boat yet built<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Powering everybody else<\/h3>\n<p>The company was incorporated in Puteaux in 1906, with Gastambide as president, Levavasseur as technical director and Louis Bl&#233;riot as vice-president. Its business was selling engines to aviators, and almost everyone bought. Santos-Dumont&rsquo;s 14-bis flew on an Antoinette in 1906; so did Paul Cornu&rsquo;s helicopter and the Voisin biplane in which Henri Farman completed Europe&rsquo;s first 1 km circle in January 1908. The 50 hp V8 had an aluminium block, fuel injection and evaporative cooling, and weighed 190 pounds running. More than 200 of the later type were sold in three years.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The most beautiful monoplane<\/h3>\n<p>When Antoinette decided to build aircraft itself, Bl&#233;riot warned the board that it would be competing with its own customers, and left when they ignored him. From 1908 Levavasseur produced a line of slender monoplanes with knife-thin triangular fuselages and boat-like noses, widely thought the most elegant machines of their day. The Antoinette II made the first French monoplane flight with a passenger on 31 August 1908. At the military camp at Ch&#226;lons the company ran a flying school whose half-barrel on a universal joint, the Antoinette trainer, was one of the earliest flight simulators.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Smoking on the water<\/h3>\n<p>Its star was Hubert Latham, a rich, chain-smoking adventurer and a cousin of Gastambide. On 19 July 1909 his Antoinette IV&rsquo;s engine failed eight miles out from Cap Blanc-Nez and he made <span class=\"imp\">the first landing of an aeroplane on the sea<\/span>, lighting a cigarette while he waited for rescue. His team slept through the calm dawn of 25 July while Bl&#233;riot flew over. Two days later Latham&rsquo;s Antoinette VII came down about a mile short of Dover. At Reims that August he took the altitude prize, and in 1910 he set world records for altitude and speed.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Monobloc that would not fly<\/h3>\n<p>Success did not make money. Levavasseur and Gastambide left in November 1909 and returned in March 1910, and the cheaper rotary Gnome engine was taking the market. For the 1911 military trials at Reims Levavasseur built the Monobloc, years ahead of its time with cantilever wings, an enclosed fuselage and spatted wheels. It was far too heavy for its 100 hp engine and could not take off, despite two attempts by Latham. That failure finished Antoinette. Latham was killed in Africa in 1912, and Levavasseur died poor in Puteaux in February 1922.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Not in the very least. We have proved that the Channel can be flown. A little accident to a motor, what is that? Accidents happen to bicycles, to horses, even to bath-chairs. We have a machine that can go on land, in the air, and in the water. It runs, it flies, it swims.<cite>L&#233;on Levavasseur &middot; technical director, to Daily Mail reporter Harry Harper after Latham&rsquo;s first ditching, July 1909, as recorded in Graham Wallace&rsquo;s Flying Witness (1958)<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">And I do not think there was ever a finer pilot.<cite>Harry Harper &middot; aviation journalist, on Hubert Latham, in his 1956 memoir<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Antoinette in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Incorporated 1906<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Engine venture begun in 1902 by L&#233;on Levavasseur, financed by Jules Gastambide<\/li>\n<li>Named after Gastambide&rsquo;s daughter Antoinette<\/li>\n<li>Based at Puteaux; Louis Bl&#233;riot was first vice-president<\/li>\n<li>Bankrupt after the 1911 military trials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Antoinette V8 and the Antoinette IV and VII<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>V8 engines powered the 14-bis, Voisin-Farman, Cornu helicopter and early Bl&#233;riots<\/li>\n<li>More than 200 of the 1908-type V8 sold in three years<\/li>\n<li>Monoplanes Antoinette I to VII, 1908&ndash;1909<\/li>\n<li>Monobloc military monoplane, 1911<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Defunct<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Company folded in 1911&ndash;1912<\/li>\n<li>Latham statue on Cap Blanc-Nez overlooks the Channel<\/li>\n<li>Levavasseur died in poverty at Puteaux in 1922<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>First V8 engine weight and power<\/dt>\n<dd>157 kg, 80 hp<span class=\"gnote\">1903<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>1908-type V8 engines sold<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 200 in three years<\/dd>\n<dt>Price of an Antoinette V8<\/dt>\n<dd>12,500 francs<span class=\"gnote\">1910<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Antoinette 50 hp V8 weight with cooling water<\/dt>\n<dd>190 lb<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Antoinette aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Gastambide-Mengin monoplane (Antoinette I)<\/td>\n<td>Experimental monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1908<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette II<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1908<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First French monoplane flight with a passenger, 31 August 1908<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette III<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1908<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette IV<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1908<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Channel attempt and first sea landing, 19 July 1909; Reims altitude prize<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette V<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1908<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Introduced Levavasseur&rsquo;s wing-warping system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette VI<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1909<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette VII<\/td>\n<td>Monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1909<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Second Channel attempt; world speed record 77.548 km\/h, April 1910<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antoinette Monobloc<\/td>\n<td>Three-seat military monoplane<\/td>\n<td>1911<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cantilever wings, enclosed fuselage and wheel spats; failed to fly at the 1911 Reims trials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Antoinette built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Puteaux works<\/b> &middot; 10 rue des Bas-Rogers, Puteaux &mdash; Engine and aircraft works from 1906<\/li>\n<li><b>Mourmelon school and workshop<\/b> &middot; Camp de Ch&#226;lons, Mourmelon-le-Grand &mdash; Flying school and military trials base from 1909<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>L&#233;on Levavasseur<\/b> &middot; co-founder, engine and aircraft designer &mdash; Patented the V8 layout in 1902; Chevalier of the L&#233;gion d&rsquo;honneur 1909<\/li>\n<li><b>Jules Gastambide<\/b> &middot; co-founder and president &mdash; Industrialist who financed the venture; father of Antoinette<\/li>\n<li><b>Louis Bl&#233;riot<\/b> &middot; first vice-president &mdash; Left when Antoinette began building aircraft<\/li>\n<li><b>Hubert Latham<\/b> &middot; chief pilot and instructor &mdash; Two Channel attempts in 1909; world altitude and speed records<\/li>\n<li><b>Charles Wachter<\/b> &middot; Levavasseur&rsquo;s brother-in-law, flying school head &mdash; Ran the Mourmelon school<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>First landing of an aeroplane on the sea, Hubert Latham, 19 July 1909<\/li>\n<li>World altitude record 155 m at Reims, August 1909; 1,384 m at Reims, July 1910<\/li>\n<li>Official world airspeed record 77.548 km\/h in an Antoinette VII, Nice, 23 April 1910<\/li>\n<li>First French monoplane flight with a passenger, Antoinette II, 31 August 1908<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Antoinette, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1902<\/div>\n<p>Levavasseur proposes light aero engines to Gastambide and patents the V8 layout<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1903<\/div>\n<p>First Levavasseur V8 completed: 80 hp for 157 kg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1905<\/div>\n<p>Antoinette racing boats appear at Monaco<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1906<\/div>\n<p>Soci&#233;t&#233; Antoinette incorporated at Puteaux; engine powers Santos-Dumont&rsquo;s 14-bis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1908<\/div>\n<p>Farman completes Europe&rsquo;s first 1 km circle on Antoinette power<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1908<\/div>\n<p>Antoinette II carries a passenger<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>Hubert Latham joins the company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>Latham ditches the Antoinette IV in the Channel<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>Second attempt ends in the sea about a mile from Dover<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>Latham wins the altitude prize at Reims<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1910<\/div>\n<p>World airspeed record in an Antoinette VII<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1911<\/div>\n<p>Monobloc fails to fly at the Reims military trials<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1912<\/div>\n<p>Company out of business<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Antoinette<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Why was it called Antoinette?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">L&#233;on Levavasseur named his engines after Antoinette Gastambide, daughter of the industrialist Jules Gastambide who financed the venture.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which famous aircraft used Antoinette engines?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Santos-Dumont&rsquo;s 14-bis, the Voisin-Farman biplane, Paul Cornu&rsquo;s helicopter and several early Bl&#233;riot aircraft, among others.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did an Antoinette cross the Channel?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Hubert Latham tried twice in July 1909 and ditched both times; Louis Bl&#233;riot crossed on 25 July between his two attempts.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Antoinette Monobloc?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A 1911 three-seat military monoplane with cantilever wings and wheel spats. It was too heavy for its engine and failed to fly at the Reims trials, which finished the company.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did Antoinette close?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It went bankrupt soon after the October 1911 military trials and was out of business by 1912.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was it called Antoinette?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"L\\u00e9on Levavasseur named his engines after Antoinette Gastambide, daughter of the industrialist Jules Gastambide who financed the venture.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which famous aircraft used Antoinette engines?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Santos-Dumont\\u2019s 14-bis, the Voisin-Farman biplane, Paul Cornu\\u2019s helicopter and several early Bl\\u00e9riot aircraft, among others.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did an Antoinette cross the Channel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Hubert Latham tried twice in July 1909 and ditched both times; Louis Bl\\u00e9riot crossed on 25 July between his two attempts.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Antoinette Monobloc?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A 1911 three-seat military monoplane with cantilever wings and wheel spats. It was too heavy for its engine and failed to fly at the Reims trials, which finished the company.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did Antoinette close?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It went bankrupt soon after the October 1911 military trials and was out of business by 1912.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Antoinette<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\"><span class=\"rk\">France<\/span><span class=\"rh\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/span><span class=\"rp\">France&rsquo;s state aerospace giant built Concorde, co-founded Airbus, led Ariane, made the Squirrel and Puma helicopters and the Exocet &mdash; then dissolved into&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the A&#233;rospatiale page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airbus-helicopters\/\"><span class=\"rk\">France<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Airbus Helicopters<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Europe&rsquo;s helicopter giant, stitched together from French and German rivals, now builds about half the world&rsquo;s civil helicopters &mdash; and once parked one&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Airbus Helicopters page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoinette_(manufacturer)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antoinette (manufacturer), Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoinette_IV\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antoinette IV, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoinette_VII\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antoinette VII, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoinette_military_monoplane\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antoinette military monoplane, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubert_Latham\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hubert Latham, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoinette_(entreprise)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antoinette (entreprise), Wikipedia (French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Levavasseur\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">L&#233;on Levavasseur, Wikipedia (French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Levavasseur\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">L&#233;on Levavasseur, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w25-hero-mfr-antoinette.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam 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data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; France Antoinette Soci&#233;t&#233; Antoinette &middot; Soci&#233;t&#233; des moteurs Antoinette &middot; Soci&#233;t&#233; des avions et moteurs Antoinette A V8 engine named after a financier&rsquo;s daughter powered half the pioneers of French flight; its own elegant monoplanes, flown by the dandy Hubert Latham, nearly beat Bl&#233;riot across the Channel. 1906Founded [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31503","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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