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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Germany<\/div>\n<h1>Panavia<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Panavia Aircraft GmbH<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Three former enemies founded one company to build one aeroplane, and the Tornado it produced flew from the Gulf War to Syria and is still in service half a century after its first flight.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1969<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Germany<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1969-03-26<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>British Aircraft Corporation, Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow GmbH, Fiat Aviazione<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Hallbergmoos, Upper Bavaria<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Airbus Defence and Space (42.5%), BAE Systems (42.5%), Leonardo (15%)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Panavia: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Manching, August 1974<\/h3>\n<p>On 14 August 1974 a stubby grey jet with swing wings lifted off from Manching in Bavaria. At the controls of prototype P.01 was Paul Millett, a British test pilot flying a jet built by British, German and Italian engineers from a German airfield. Barely thirty years after the three countries had been at war, they had designed a front-line combat aircraft together. It would become the Tornado, and the company built to deliver it, Panavia, is still in business more than half a century later.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Six nations, then three<\/h3>\n<p>It began as a much bigger club. In 1968 West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Canada launched a Multi Role Aircraft study, and Britain joined that year. Belgium and Canada dropped out; Fokker signed the letter of intent on 17 July 1968 and then withdrew, and the Netherlands left in 1970. On 26 March 1969 the survivors founded Panavia Aircraft GmbH: the British Aircraft Corporation and Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow with 42.5% each, Fiat with 15%. Its first chairman was BAC&rsquo;s Allen Greenwood.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">One aeroplane, three countries<\/h3>\n<p>The workshare followed the shareholding. Britain built the front fuselage and tail, West Germany the centre fuselage, Italy the wings. Engines came from another three-nation company, Turbo-Union, in which Rolls-Royce and MTU held 40% each and Fiat 20%; the RB199 gave the Tornado thrust reversers, rare on a fighter. The wings swept from 25 to 67 degrees. On the customer side, a NATO agency managed the programme, and from 1981 to 1999 crews from all three air forces trained side by side at the <span class=\"imp\">Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment<\/span> at RAF Cottesmore.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">IDS, ADV, ECR<\/h3>\n<p>Panavia built 990 Tornados between 1979 and 1998. The bulk, 745, were IDS interdictor-strikers for low-level attack. The long-nosed Air Defence Variant was a British requirement, first flown on 27 October 1979 by David Eagles; 194 were built, and Saudi Arabia bought 24 under the Al Yamamah deal alongside 96 IDS. Italy leased 24 RAF F3s from 1995 to 2004. Germany and Italy took 51 ECR aircraft for electronic combat and reconnaissance. Saudi Arabia received the last batch in 1998.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Into battle<\/h3>\n<p>The Tornado&rsquo;s first war was the hardest. In 1991 the RAF sent its GR1s low over Iraqi airfields and lost six aircraft; Italy lost one of eight deployed and Saudi Arabia one IDS. In 1999, over Kosovo, German Tornados flew Germany&rsquo;s first offensive air missions since the Second World War. In 2011 RAF Tornados flew the longest-range bombing mission since the Falklands to strike Libya. The RAF&rsquo;s last operational sorties, over Iraq and Syria, came on 31 January 2019, and the type retired on 1 April 2019, the RAF&rsquo;s 101st birthday.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Keeping the Tornado flying<\/h3>\n<p>Panavia today is a sustainment house in Hallbergmoos near Munich, owned by Airbus Defence and Space and BAE Systems with 42.5% each and Leonardo with 15%. Its Panavia Sustainment Programme exists to keep spares and engineering flowing to every Tornado customer until the last out-of-service date. Germany plans to retire its Tornados by 2030, handing their missions to the Eurofighter and the F-35A; Italy is also moving to the F-35, while Saudi Arabia still flies the type.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Aircraft handling was delightful<cite>Paul Millett &middot; test pilot, on the Tornado&rsquo;s first flight, 1974<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Panavia in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1969<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded 26 March 1969 by BAC (42.5%), Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow (42.5%) and Fiat (15%)<\/li>\n<li>Created solely to develop and build the Multi Role Combat Aircraft<\/li>\n<li>Based in Hallbergmoos, district of Freising, Upper Bavaria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Tornado<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>990 Tornados built 1979&ndash;1998: 745 IDS, 194 ADV, 51 ECR<\/li>\n<li>Customers: Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia<\/li>\n<li>First flight 14 August 1974 at Manching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>In-service support<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Owned by Airbus Defence and Space, BAE Systems and Leonardo<\/li>\n<li>Runs the Panavia Sustainment Programme for remaining Tornado users<\/li>\n<li>Germany to retire the Tornado by 2030<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Panavia builds no new aircraft; the RAF retired its Tornados in 2019.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Tornados built<\/dt>\n<dd>990<\/dd>\n<dt>Tornados delivered (Panavia)<\/dt>\n<dd>over 950<\/dd>\n<dt>IDS built<\/dt>\n<dd>745<\/dd>\n<dt>ADV built<\/dt>\n<dd>194<\/dd>\n<dt>ECR built<\/dt>\n<dd>51<\/dd>\n<dt>Development aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>15 (9 prototypes, 6 pre-series)<\/dd>\n<dt>German Tornados<\/dt>\n<dd>247 including 35 ECR<\/dd>\n<dt>Saudi Tornados<\/dt>\n<dd>96 IDS and 24 ADV<\/dd>\n<dt>Workshare UK \/ Germany \/ Italy<\/dt>\n<dd>42.5% \/ 42.5% \/ 15%<\/dd>\n<dt>Turbo-Union shares, RB199<\/dt>\n<dd>Rolls-Royce 40%, MTU 40%, Fiat 20%<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Panavia aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Panavia Tornado F2<\/b><em>Air defence interceptor &middot; first flight 1979 &middot; 18 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Panavia Tornado ECR<\/b><em>Electronic combat and reconnaissance &middot; 51 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Royal Air Force Tornado F2\/F3. Photographed by Adrian Pingstone in June 2008 and placed in the public domai \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Corporal Mike Jones &#183; OGL v1.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Panavia Tornado prototypes and pre-series<\/td>\n<td>Development aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1974<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>P.01&ndash;P.09 and PS.11&ndash;PS.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Panavia Tornado IDS (GR1\/GR4 and others)<\/td>\n<td>Interdictor-strike<\/td>\n<td>1974<\/td>\n<td>745<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flown by Germany, Italy, the UK and Saudi Arabia; RAF retired 2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Panavia Tornado F2<\/td>\n<td>Air defence interceptor<\/td>\n<td>1979<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First ADV version; entered RAF service 1986<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Panavia Tornado F3<\/td>\n<td>Air defence interceptor<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>171<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>RAF and Saudi service; RAF retired it in March 2011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Electronic combat and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>51<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Germany 35, Italy 16 converted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Panavia aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">5 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Panavia types. <span class=\"imp\">3 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS and Recce<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\">Italian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia A-200C \/ EA-200B Tornado IDS and ECR<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Panavia Tornado ADV (F.3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-saudi-air-force\/\">Royal Saudi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Panavia Tornado ADV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-naval-aviation\/\">German Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado GR1\/GR4<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado F2\/F3<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Panavia built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Panavia headquarters<\/b> &middot; Hallbergmoos, Upper Bavaria &mdash; Programme management and sustainment<\/li>\n<li><b>Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment<\/b> &middot; RAF Cottesmore, Rutland &mdash; Joint crew training, 1981&ndash;1999<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Allen Greenwood<\/b> &middot; first chairman &mdash; From the British Aircraft Corporation, Weybridge<\/li>\n<li><b>Paul Millett<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the first Tornado, 14 August 1974<\/li>\n<li><b>David Eagles<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the first Tornado ADV, 27 October 1979<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Germany&rsquo;s first offensive air missions since the Second World War, Kosovo 1999 (p3)<\/li>\n<li>Longest-range RAF bombing mission since the Falklands, Libya 2011 (p3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Panavia, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>Six nations study the Multi Role Aircraft<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>Letter of intent signed; Fokker withdraws soon after<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>Panavia Aircraft GmbH founded<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>The Netherlands leaves the programme; development begins in May<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>First Tornado flies at Manching<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1979<\/div>\n<p>Production starts; ADV prototype flies on 27 October<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment opens at RAF Cottesmore<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>Gulf War: Tornados fly low-level airfield attacks<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>Last production Tornados delivered to Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Kosovo: Germany&rsquo;s first offensive air missions since 1945<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>RAF retires the Tornado F3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>RAF retires the Tornado GR4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>50th anniversary of the first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2030<\/div>\n<p>Planned Luftwaffe Tornado retirement<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Panavia<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bac\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">British Aircraft Corporation<\/span><span class=\"rp\">42.5% founding shareholder, 1969<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the British Aircraft Corporation page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">42.5% founding shareholder as Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow, 1969<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aeritalia\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Aeritalia<\/span><span class=\"rp\">15% stake via Fiat Aviazione, later Aeritalia<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Aeritalia page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Panavia<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who owns Panavia?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Airbus Defence and Space and BAE Systems with 42.5% each, and Leonardo with 15%.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Tornados were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">990 between 1979 and 1998: 745 IDS, 194 ADV and 51 ECR.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which countries flew the Tornado?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Tornado still in service?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, with Germany, Italy and Saudi Arabia. The RAF retired it in 2019 and Germany plans to by 2030.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is Panavia based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Hallbergmoos, near Munich in Upper Bavaria.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns Panavia?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Airbus Defence and Space and BAE Systems with 42.5% each, and Leonardo with 15%.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Tornados were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"990 between 1979 and 1998: 745 IDS, 194 ADV and 51 ECR.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which countries flew the Tornado?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Tornado still in service?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, with Germany, Italy and Saudi Arabia. The RAF retired it in 2019 and Germany plans to by 2030.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is Panavia based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Hallbergmoos, near Munich in Upper Bavaria.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Panavia<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/dornier\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dornier<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Lake Constance firm that built a 12-engine flying boat for 169 people, dodged Versailles by building in Italy and Switzerland, and went bankrupt twelve days after&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dornier page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">West Germany&rsquo;s postwar aerospace champion fused Messerschmitt, Bolkow and the Hamburg shipbuilders&rsquo; aircraft arm, built the helicopter that could loop, and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panavia_Aircraft_GmbH\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Panavia Aircraft GmbH (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panavia_Aircraft\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Panavia Aircraft (German Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panavia_Tornado\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Panavia Tornado (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panavia_Tornado_ADV\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Panavia Tornado ADV (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.panavia.de\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Panavia Aircraft GmbH<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/osint-insights\/defence-news\/defence\/ifc-2025-germany-details-tornado-capability-transition-to-eurofighter-f-35a\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IFC 2025: Germany details Tornado capability transition to Eurofighter, F-35A (Janes)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-t-panavia-tornado-ids.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f11.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/raf-tornado-gr4-flight-scaled.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam 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