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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; France<\/div>\n<h1>Sud Aviation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Soci&#233;t&#233; nationale de constructions a&#233;ronautiques Sud-Aviation &middot; Sud-Aviation<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">In just 13 years France&rsquo;s state aircraft maker gave the world the first rear-engined jetliner, the first turbine helicopter in production and half of Concorde &mdash; and sold washing machines on the side.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1957<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/a> in 1970<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>10<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>21<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Bundesheer Fotos \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>France<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1957-03-01<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>French state (merger of SNCASE and SNCASO), Georges H&#233;reil (first president)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/a> in 1970<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Sud Aviation: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A bankruptcy lawyer takes the controls<\/h3>\n<p>The man who launched France into the jet-airliner age was not an engineer but a bankruptcy lawyer. Georges H&#233;reil, a Parisian who had spent the 1930s winding up failed companies, was sent in 1946 to liquidate the state aircraft group SNCASE. Instead, at 39, he became its president. He licence-built de Havilland&rsquo;s Vampire as the Mistral, backed a turbine helicopter, and ordered two prototypes of a short-haul jet. When SNCASE merged with its western sister SNCASO on 1 March 1957 to form <span class=\"imp\">Sud Aviation<\/span>, H&#233;reil ran the combined company &mdash; by the end of 1964 the largest aircraft manufacturer in continental Western Europe, with 24,500 employees in ten French cities.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Caravelle and the engines at the back<\/h3>\n<p>The jet H&#233;reil ordered was the Caravelle. It first flew on 27 May 1955, and its big idea was where it put the engines: two Rolls-Royce Avons hung on the rear fuselage, leaving a clean, quiet wing. The nose and cockpit were taken straight from the de Havilland Comet. SAS flew the first paying passengers on 26 April 1959, Air France followed, and for several years the Caravelle had no jet rival in its class at all. Even United Airlines bought 20. By 1972, 282 had been built, beating the 200 that Sud Aviation had needed to break even.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Alouette and the mountain<\/h3>\n<p>On the other side of the business, Sud was quietly building the helicopter industry Europe still lives off. In April 1956 the first production Alouette II was completed: <span class=\"imp\">the first production turbine-powered helicopter in the world<\/span>. On 3 July 1956, before it had even entered civil service, one flew the first helicopter mountain rescue, lifting a climber who had suffered cardiac arrest above 4,000 metres. Test pilot Jean Boulet took altitude records in it, then speed records in the three-engined Super Frelon. The Alouette III, Puma and Gazelle followed, and by the mid-1960s Sud Aviation was exporting more helicopters than any European rival.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Supersonic ambitions<\/h3>\n<p>Success made Sud ambitious. Its engineers moved en masse from the Caravelle to a supersonic successor, the Super-Caravelle, which won the French government contest against Nord Aviation and Dassault. The cost frightened Paris and London alike, and in November 1962 the two governments pushed Sud Aviation into partnership with the British Aircraft Corporation. The result was Concorde, which first flew from Toulouse on 2 March 1969. H&#233;reil did not stay to see it. He had wanted to grow the Caravelle into a family of airliners &mdash; much as Airbus later would &mdash; and in 1963 walked out to run the carmaker Simca for Chrysler. Concorde costs ran to more than six times the first estimates.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Washing machines, strikes and Maurice Papon<\/h3>\n<p>Sud Aviation was a stranger company than its aircraft suggest. Around 1960 it made washing machines, dishwashers and television sets under the Frigeavia and Teleavia brands. In 1967 de Gaulle installed a new president: Maurice Papon, forced out as Paris police chief over the Ben Barka affair and convicted in 1998 of crimes against humanity for wartime deportations. It was under Papon that more than 2,600 workers at the Bouguenais plant near Nantes downed tools on 14 May 1968 and occupied the factory for a month &mdash; <span class=\"imp\">the first and the longest occupation of May 68<\/span>, triggered by a plan to cut hours without full pay.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Thirteen years, then Aerospatiale<\/h3>\n<p>In 1965 Sud bought the bankrupt Morane-Saulnier, and in 1966 it set up a subsidiary, SOCATA, to carry on Morane-Saulnier&rsquo;s Rallye family of light aircraft. In 1967 it signed the Anglo-French helicopter deal with Westland that put Pumas and Gazelles into British service and gave Sud a 30 per cent share of the Lynx. Then, after just 13 years, the company disappeared on paper. In 1970 it merged with Nord Aviation and the missile firm SEREB to form A&#233;rospatiale, which carried the Concorde, Airbus and helicopter work on and later fed into Airbus Helicopters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">In just 13 years France&rsquo;s state aircraft maker gave the world the first rear-engined jetliner, the first turbine helicopter in production and half of Concorde &mdash; and sold washing machines on the side.<cite>Sud Aviation &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Sud Aviation in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Formed 1 March 1957<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>State-owned merger of SNCASE (south-east) and SNCASO (south-west)<\/li>\n<li>First president: Georges H&#233;reil, father of the Caravelle<\/li>\n<li>24,500 employees and sites in ten French cities at the end of 1964<\/li>\n<li>Merged into A&#233;rospatiale in 1970<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Caravelle, Alouette, Concorde<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Caravelle: 282 built, the first rear-engined jetliner<\/li>\n<li>Alouette II: more than 1,300, the first production turbine helicopter<\/li>\n<li>Alouette III: more than 2,000 over six decades<\/li>\n<li>Puma, Gazelle and Super Frelon helicopters; Concorde with BAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Lives on in Airbus<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>A&#233;rospatiale (1970) took over its programmes<\/li>\n<li>Its helicopter line runs through Eurocopter to Airbus Helicopters at Marignane<\/li>\n<li>SOCATA, founded by Sud in 1966 to build the Rallye, outlived its parent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Several famous Sud types first flew under SNCASE or SNCASO before the 1957 merger.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>24,500<span class=\"gnote\">1964<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Caravelles built<\/dt>\n<dd>282<span class=\"gnote\">1955&ndash;1972<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Caravelle break-even forecast<\/dt>\n<dd>about 200 aircraft<\/dd>\n<dt>Alouette IIs built<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 1,300<span class=\"gnote\">to 1975<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Alouette IIIs built<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 2,000<\/dd>\n<dt>Pumas sold by Sud\/A&#233;rospatiale<\/dt>\n<dd>697<span class=\"gnote\">to 1987<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Concordes built<\/dt>\n<dd>20<\/dd>\n<dt>Workers in the May 1968 Bouguenais occupation<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 2,600<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Sud Aviation aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sud-aviation-vautour\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sud Aviation Vautour<\/b><em>Attack aircraft, bomber, night fighter &middot; first flight 1952<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/b><em>Light utility helicopter &middot; first flight 12 March 1955 &middot; more than 1,300 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sud Aviation Alouette III<\/b><em>Light utility helicopter &middot; first flight 28 February 1959 &middot; more than 2,000 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sud Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/b><em>Medium transport helicopter &middot; first flight 15 April 1965 &middot; 697 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Oren Rozen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); James (Cheltenham) \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sud-aviation-vautour\/\">Sud Aviation Vautour<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Attack aircraft, bomber, night fighter<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>SNCASO design; also flown in combat by Israel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation Djinn<\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1953<\/td>\n<td>178<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tip-jet rotor; SNCASO design<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation Caravelle<\/td>\n<td>Short-haul jet airliner<\/td>\n<td>27 May 1955<\/td>\n<td>282<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First jetliner with rear-mounted engines; 20 to United Airlines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/td>\n<td>Light utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>12 March 1955<\/td>\n<td>more than 1,300<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>World&rsquo;s first production turbine helicopter; first helicopter mountain rescue, 1956<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette III<\/td>\n<td>Light utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>28 February 1959<\/td>\n<td>more than 2,000<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Over 500 licence-built in Romania, India and Switzerland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation GY-80 Horizon<\/td>\n<td>Four-seat light aircraft<\/td>\n<td>21 July 1960<\/td>\n<td>267<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Designed by Yves Gardan; production moved to SOCATA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 321 Super Frelon<\/td>\n<td>Heavy transport and anti-submarine helicopter<\/td>\n<td>7 December 1962<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Set the absolute helicopter speed record in 1963; developed in China as the Z-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/td>\n<td>Medium transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>15 April 1965<\/td>\n<td>697<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>French-built total; also licence-built in Romania as the IAR 330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 341 Gazelle<\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>7 April 1967<\/td>\n<td>about 1,560<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fenestron shrouded tail rotor; built with Westland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Concorde<\/td>\n<td>Supersonic airliner (with BAC)<\/td>\n<td>2 March 1969<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Retired 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Sud Aviation aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">21 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Sud Aviation types. <span class=\"imp\">2 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-army-light-aviation\/\">French Army Light Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 342M\/SA 342M1 Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 330B\/Ba Puma<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 341F Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SE 3130 Alouette II, Sud-Aviation SA 316\/SA 319 Alouette III, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma (early marks), Sud-Aviation\/Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/malagasy-air-force\/\">Malagasy Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 318C Alouette II<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/army-air-corps-united-kingdom\/\">Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/austrian-air-force\/\">Austrian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/benin-air-force\/\">Benin Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II and Agusta-Bell 47G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/congolese-air-force\/\">Congolese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Alouette II and III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-naval-aviation\/\">French Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA316 \/ SA319 Alouette III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-state-aviation\/\">French State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 316 Alouette III, Sud-Aviation SE 3130 Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/gabonese-air-force\/\">Gabonese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-state-aviation\/\">German State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SE 3130 \/ SA 318C Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/israeli-air-force\/\">Israeli Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sud-aviation-vautour\/\" class=\"was\">Sud Aviation Vautour<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lebanese-air-force\/\">Lebanese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SE3130 Alouette II, Sud Aviation Alouette III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/nigerian-air-force\/\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Westland Whirlwind and Sud Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/portuguese-air-force\/\">Portuguese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SE 3160 \/ SA 316 Alouette III, Sud Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-cambodian-air-force\/\">Royal Cambodian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II and III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/rwandan-air-force\/\">Rwandan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation\/Potez CM.170 Magister<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/senegalese-air-force\/\">Senegalese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 330 Puma, Sud Aviation SA 321L Super Frelon, Sud Aviation Alouette II and III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/swiss-air-force\/\">Swiss Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SE 3130 Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/togolese-air-force\/\">Togolese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 27, Cessna 337 and Sud Alouette II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Sud Aviation built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Toulouse (Blagnac and Saint-Martin)<\/b> &middot; Toulouse, Haute-Garonne &mdash; Caravelle final assembly and Concorde first flight<\/li>\n<li><b>Marignane<\/b> &middot; Marignane, Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne &mdash; SNCASE plant opened in 1939; heart of the helicopter business<\/li>\n<li><b>Bouguenais<\/b> &middot; near Nantes, Loire-Atlantique &mdash; Former SNCASO site; occupied by its workers 14 May to 14 June 1968<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Georges H&#233;reil<\/b> &middot; president 1957&ndash;1962 (SNCASE from 1946) &mdash; Bankruptcy lawyer who ran SNCASE from 1946; father of the Caravelle; later head of Simca\/Chrysler France<\/li>\n<li><b>Andr&#233; Puget<\/b> &middot; president from 1962 &mdash; Air force general<\/li>\n<li><b>Maurice Papon<\/b> &middot; president 1967&ndash;1968 &mdash; Later convicted of crimes against humanity (1998)<\/li>\n<li><b>Henri Ziegler<\/b> &middot; president from 1968 &mdash; Last president before the 1970 merger<\/li>\n<li><b>Jean Boulet<\/b> &middot; chief helicopter test pilot &mdash; Altitude records in the Alouette II, speed record in the Super Frelon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Alouette II: helicopter altitude record 8,209 m (1955) and 10,984 m (1958), Jean Boulet<\/li>\n<li>Super Frelon: absolute helicopter world speed record, 350.4 km\/h, 23 July 1963<\/li>\n<li>Gazelle: two closed-course helicopter speed records, 307 km\/h and 292 km\/h, 13 May 1967<\/li>\n<li>First production turbine-powered helicopter (Alouette II, 1956)<\/li>\n<li>First helicopter mountain rescue, 3 July 1956<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Sud Aviation, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>Georges H&#233;reil becomes president of SNCASE<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">27 May 1955<\/div>\n<p>Caravelle prototype first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">April 1956<\/div>\n<p>First production Alouette II completed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1 March 1957<\/div>\n<p>SNCASE and SNCASO merge to form Sud Aviation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">26 April 1959<\/div>\n<p>Caravelle carries first fare-paying passengers, with SAS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">November 1962<\/div>\n<p>Anglo-French agreement pairs Sud with BAC on a supersonic airliner<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">23 July 1963<\/div>\n<p>Super Frelon sets absolute helicopter speed record<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">15 April 1965<\/div>\n<p>Puma first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">20 May 1965<\/div>\n<p>Sud acquires bankrupt Morane-Saulnier; SOCATA created in 1966<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">February 1967<\/div>\n<p>Anglo-French helicopter agreement with Westland: Puma, Gazelle, Lynx<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">7 April 1967<\/div>\n<p>Gazelle first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">14 May 1968<\/div>\n<p>Workers occupy the Bouguenais plant, opening the factory strikes of May 68<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2 March 1969<\/div>\n<p>Concorde 001 first flight from Toulouse<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>Merger with Nord Aviation and SEREB creates A&#233;rospatiale<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Sud Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sncase\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SNCASE (Sud-Est)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merged 1 March 1957; brought the Caravelle and Alouette<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the SNCASE (Sud-Est) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sncaso\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SNCASO (Sud-Ouest)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merged 1 March 1957; brought the Vautour and Djinn<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the SNCASO (Sud-Ouest) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Formed 1970 from Sud Aviation, Nord Aviation and SEREB<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the A&#233;rospatiale page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Sud Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What did Sud Aviation build?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Caravelle jetliner, the Alouette II and III, Super Frelon, Puma and Gazelle helicopters, and the French half of Concorde, among others.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When was Sud Aviation founded and when did it end?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was formed on 1 March 1957 by merging the state firms SNCASE and SNCASO, and merged with Nord Aviation and SEREB in 1970 to become A&#233;rospatiale.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Caravelle the first jet airliner?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No, that was the de Havilland Comet, whose nose and cockpit the Caravelle borrowed. The Caravelle was the first short-haul jetliner with its engines mounted on the rear fuselage.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Sud Aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It became part of A&#233;rospatiale in 1970. Its helicopter business continued through Eurocopter to today&rsquo;s Airbus Helicopters.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Sud Aviation build Concorde?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, jointly with the British Aircraft Corporation under a 1962 Anglo-French agreement. Concorde first flew from Toulouse on 2 March 1969; 20 were built.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did Sud Aviation build?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Caravelle jetliner, the Alouette II and III, Super Frelon, Puma and Gazelle helicopters, and the French half of Concorde, among others.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When was Sud Aviation founded and when did it end?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was formed on 1 March 1957 by merging the state firms SNCASE and SNCASO, and merged with Nord Aviation and SEREB in 1970 to become A\\u00e9rospatiale.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Caravelle the first jet airliner?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, that was the de Havilland Comet, whose nose and cockpit the Caravelle borrowed. The Caravelle was the first short-haul jetliner with its engines mounted on the rear fuselage.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Sud Aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It became part of A\\u00e9rospatiale in 1970. Its helicopter business continued through Eurocopter to today\\u2019s Airbus Helicopters.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Sud Aviation build Concorde?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, jointly with the British Aircraft Corporation under a 1962 Anglo-French agreement. Concorde first flew from Toulouse on 2 March 1969; 20 were built.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Sud Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\"><span class=\"rk\">France<\/span><span class=\"rh\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/span><span class=\"rp\">France&rsquo;s state aerospace giant built Concorde, co-founded Airbus, led Ariane, made the Squirrel and Puma helicopters and the Exocet &mdash; then dissolved into&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the A&#233;rospatiale page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airbus-helicopters\/\"><span class=\"rk\">France<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Airbus Helicopters<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Europe&rsquo;s helicopter giant, stitched together from French and German rivals, now builds about half the world&rsquo;s civil helicopters &mdash; and once parked one&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Airbus Helicopters page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sud_Aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sud Aviation (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sud-Aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sud-Aviation (Wikip&#233;dia, French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sud Aviation Caravelle (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_II\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A&#233;rospatiale Alouette II (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A&#233;rospatiale Alouette III (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Puma\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A&#233;rospatiale Puma (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A&#233;rospatiale Gazelle (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concorde\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Concorde (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_321_Super_Frelon\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A&#233;rospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_nationale_des_constructions_a%C3%A9ronautiques_du_Sud-Est\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SNCASE (Wikip&#233;dia, French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sud_Aviation_Djinn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sud Aviation Djinn (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sud_Aviation_Vautour\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sud Aviation Vautour (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georges_H%C3%A9reil\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Georges H&#233;reil (Wikip&#233;dia, French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maurice_Papon\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maurice Papon (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w5-at-t-75.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-il-t-228.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-af-t-al2.jpg)!important}#mfam 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