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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Japan<\/div>\n<h1>Kawanishi<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki KK (Kawanishi Aircraft Company) &middot; &#24029;&#35199;&#33322;&#31354;&#27231; &middot; Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho, aircraft department (1920&ndash;1928)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A textile magnate who fell out with Nakajima built Japan&rsquo;s flying-boat house: Kawanishi&rsquo;s Emily was called the war&rsquo;s finest water-based combat aircraft, and its Shiden Kai could meet Hellcats on equal terms.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1920<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/shinmaywa\/\">ShinMaywa<\/a> in 1949<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>10<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Max Smith \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Japan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1920<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Kawanishi Seibei<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Naruo, Hy&#333;go Prefecture (now Nishinomiya)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/shinmaywa\/\">ShinMaywa<\/a> in 1949<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Kawanishi: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A quarrel with Nakajima<\/h3>\n<p>Kawanishi was born of a falling-out. Kawanishi Seibei, founder of the Nippon Keori woollen company, had backed Nakajima Chikuhei&rsquo;s aircraft venture, but after a money dispute in 1919 he pulled out. With the proceeds he set up a rival: in February 1920 an aircraft department opened inside Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho, run by his second son Ry&#363;z&#333; and <span class=\"imp\">staffed with young engineers poached from Nakajima<\/span>. It built mail planes, started its own airline, Nippon K&#333;k&#363;, in 1923, and in 1928 attempted a non-stop trans-Pacific flight with the K-12 Sakura, which was abandoned.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Short Brothers and von K&#225;rm&#225;n<\/h3>\n<p>The aircraft business became Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki in 1928 and moved to Naruo, between Osaka and Kobe, in 1930. It partnered with Short Brothers of Britain, building the Short Rangoon as the H3K with Short engineers on hand, and invited Theodore von K&#225;rm&#225;n to design a vertical wind tunnel, the only one in private hands in Japan. The Imperial Navy set out to make Kawanishi <span class=\"imp\">its specialist builder of large flying boats<\/span>, and the E7K reconnaissance floatplane of 1933, 533 built, established it with the fleet.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Mavis and Emily<\/h3>\n<p>The H6K, which the Allies called Mavis, first flew on 14 July 1936; 215 or 217 were built, some as airliners. Its successor, the H8K Emily designed under Shizuo Kikuhara, first flew in January 1941 and opened its war in March 1942 with a long-range second raid on Pearl Harbor. Heavily armed and armoured, it earned the respect of Allied crews, and the historian Ren&#233; Francillon called it <span class=\"imp\">the most outstanding water-based combat aircraft of the Second World War<\/span>. 167 were built.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">From floatplane to fighter<\/h3>\n<p>Kawanishi&rsquo;s fighter came by an odd route. The N1K Ky&#333;f&#363; floatplane fighter of 1942 was redesigned with wheels as the N1K1-J Shiden, and then substantially reworked as the N1K2-J Shiden Kai, first flown on 31 December 1943. With four 20 mm cannon and automatic combat flaps triggered by a mercury switch, it was among the few Japanese fighters that could meet the Hellcat, Corsair and Mustang on equal terms. The family ran to 1,532 aircraft, though bombing crippled production.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Racecourse, bombs and a new name<\/h3>\n<p>War swallowed Kawanishi. The Naruo racecourse and golf club were requisitioned for an airfield, and with labour mobilisation, students and Korean conscripts <span class=\"imp\">the workforce exceeded 60,000<\/span>. In March 1945 the army ordered a cover name, Jinmu Akitsusha, and in July the navy took over the plants outright. All four main works were destroyed by bombing. After defeat the company made motor scooters and three-wheelers, became Meiwa K&#333;gy&#333; in 1947, and in November 1949 split, its engineering arm becoming Shin Meiwa, today&rsquo;s ShinMaywa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">A textile magnate who fell out with Nakajima built Japan&rsquo;s flying-boat house: Kawanishi&rsquo;s Emily was called the war&rsquo;s finest water-based combat aircraft, and its Shiden Kai could meet Hellcats on equal terms.<cite>Kawanishi &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Kawanishi in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1920<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Aircraft department of Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho from February 1920<\/li>\n<li>Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki KK formed 1928<\/li>\n<li>Technical partnership with Short Brothers<\/li>\n<li>Workforce above 60,000 by 1945<\/li>\n<li>Reorganised 1949; aircraft lineage continues as ShinMaywa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>H8K Emily and Shiden Kai<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>E7K reconnaissance floatplane, 533 built<\/li>\n<li>H6K Mavis flying boat, 215&ndash;217 built<\/li>\n<li>H8K Emily flying boat, 167 built<\/li>\n<li>N1K Ky&#333;f&#363; \/ Shiden \/ Shiden Kai family, 1,532 built<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Succeeded by ShinMaywa<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>H8K2 preserved at the Kanoya Naval Air Base Museum<\/li>\n<li>Shiden Kai examples survive in Japan and the United States<\/li>\n<li>ShinMaywa builds the US-2 amphibian, heir to Kawanishi&rsquo;s flying boats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Workforce<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 60,000<span class=\"gnote\">1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>N1K family built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,532<\/dd>\n<dt>E7K floatplanes built<\/dt>\n<dd>533<\/dd>\n<dt>H8K flying boats built<\/dt>\n<dd>167<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Kawanishi aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi K-1<\/td>\n<td>Mail plane<\/td>\n<td>1920<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Kawanishi aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi K-12 Sakura<\/td>\n<td>Long-range record aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1928<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for a non-stop trans-Pacific attempt that was abandoned<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi H3K<\/td>\n<td>Patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Licence development of the Short Rangoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi E7K<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>533<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Navy Type 94; Allied name Alf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi H6K<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>14 July 1936<\/td>\n<td>215&ndash;217<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Allied name Mavis; transport versions flew airline routes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi H8K<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>January 1941<\/td>\n<td>167<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Allied name Emily; second Pearl Harbor raid, March 1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi E15K Shiun<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi N1K1 Ky&#333;f&#363;<\/td>\n<td>Floatplane fighter<\/td>\n<td>6 May 1942<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Allied name Rex; basis of the Shiden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi N1K1-J Shiden<\/td>\n<td>Land-based interceptor<\/td>\n<td>27 December 1942<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Allied name George; in service early 1944<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kawanishi N1K2-J Shiden Kai<\/td>\n<td>Fighter \/ interceptor<\/td>\n<td>31 December 1943<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N1K family total 1,532; automatic combat flaps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Kawanishi built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Naruo works<\/b> &middot; Naruo, Muko District, Hy&#333;go (now Nishinomiya) &mdash; Main works from 1930; adjacent racecourse became an airfield in 1943<\/li>\n<li><b>K&#333;nan works<\/b> &middot; Honj&#333;, Hy&#333;go (now Higashinada, Kobe) &mdash; Opened October 1942; post-war ShinMaywa aircraft parts plant<\/li>\n<li><b>Takarazuka works<\/b> &middot; Ry&#333;gen, Hy&#333;go (now Takarazuka) &mdash; Opened October 1941; site of today&rsquo;s Hanshin Racecourse<\/li>\n<li><b>Himeji works<\/b> &middot; Himeji, Hy&#333;go &mdash; Opened July 1942 in a former Nippon Keori mill; Shiden Kai assembly at Uzurano airfield<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Kawanishi Seibei<\/b> &middot; founder &mdash; Founder of Nippon Keori; former backer of Nakajima<\/li>\n<li><b>Kawanishi Ry&#363;z&#333;<\/b> &middot; head of the aircraft business &mdash; Second son of the founder<\/li>\n<li><b>Shizuo Kikuhara<\/b> &middot; chief designer &mdash; Led the H6K and H8K designs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>H8K described by Ren&#233; Francillon as the most outstanding water-based combat aircraft of the Second World War<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Kawanishi, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>Kawanishi Seibei withdraws his backing from Nakajima<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">February 1920<\/div>\n<p>Aircraft department of Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho founded<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Kawanishi airline Nippon K&#333;k&#363; founded<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki KK established; K-12 Sakura trans-Pacific attempt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1930<\/div>\n<p>Works move to Naruo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">14 July 1936<\/div>\n<p>H6K prototype makes its first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">January 1941<\/div>\n<p>H8K prototype first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">March 1942<\/div>\n<p>H8Ks fly the second raid on Pearl Harbor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">31 December 1943<\/div>\n<p>N1K2-J Shiden Kai first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">March 1945<\/div>\n<p>Company renamed Jinmu Akitsusha on military orders<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">August 1945<\/div>\n<p>All aircraft production ends at Japan&rsquo;s surrender<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Renamed Meiwa K&#333;gy&#333;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">November 1949<\/div>\n<p>Split; Shin Meiwa K&#333;gy&#333; formed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Kawanishi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/shinmaywa\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">ShinMaywa<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Shin Meiwa K&#333;gy&#333; formed November 1949 from the reorganised company<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the ShinMaywa page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Kawanishi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Kawanishi known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Large flying boats for the Imperial Japanese Navy, especially the H6K Mavis and H8K Emily, and the N1K Shiden and Shiden Kai fighters.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Kawanishi H8K the best flying boat of the war?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is widely regarded so. The historian Ren&#233; Francillon called it the most outstanding water-based combat aircraft of the Second World War.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did a floatplane become a fighter?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The N1K1 Ky&#333;f&#363; floatplane fighter was redesigned with conventional landing gear as the N1K1-J Shiden, then reworked into the N1K2-J Shiden Kai.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Kawanishi still exist?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Its successor is ShinMaywa Industries, formed from the company in 1949, which builds the US-2 amphibian.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where can I see a Kawanishi H8K?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">An H8K2 is preserved at the Kanoya Naval Air Base Museum in Kagoshima Prefecture.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Kawanishi known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Large flying boats for the Imperial Japanese Navy, especially the H6K Mavis and H8K Emily, and the N1K Shiden and Shiden Kai fighters.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Kawanishi H8K the best flying boat of the war?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is widely regarded so. The historian Ren\\u00e9 Francillon called it the most outstanding water-based combat aircraft of the Second World War.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did a floatplane become a fighter?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The N1K1 Ky\\u014df\\u016b floatplane fighter was redesigned with conventional landing gear as the N1K1-J Shiden, then reworked into the N1K2-J Shiden Kai.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Kawanishi still exist?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Its successor is ShinMaywa Industries, formed from the company in 1949, which builds the US-2 amphibian.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where can I see a Kawanishi H8K?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An H8K2 is preserved at the Kanoya Naval Air Base Museum in Kagoshima Prefecture.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Kawanishi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/kawasaki\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Japan<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Kawasaki<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Kobe shipyard that taught itself to fly with a German tutor built Japan&rsquo;s only liquid-cooled wartime fighter, gave the world Kawasaki motorbikes, and now builds&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Kawasaki page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/nakajima\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Japan<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Nakajima<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Japan&rsquo;s first aircraft company built the Hayabusa, the Pearl Harbor torpedo bombers and the engine of the Zero, warned against the war it armed, and lives on as&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Nakajima page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kawanishi_Aircraft_Company\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kawanishi Aircraft Company &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&#24029;&#35199;&#33322;&#31354;&#27231; &ndash; Wikipedia (Japanese)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kawanishi_H6K\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kawanishi H6K &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kawanishi_H8K\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kawanishi H8K &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kawanishi_N1K\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kawanishi N1K &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w25-hero-mfr-kawanishi.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px 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el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; Japan Kawanishi Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki KK (Kawanishi Aircraft Company) &middot; &#24029;&#35199;&#33322;&#31354;&#27231; &middot; Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho, aircraft department (1920&ndash;1928) A textile magnate who fell out with Nakajima built Japan&rsquo;s flying-boat house: Kawanishi&rsquo;s Emily was called the war&rsquo;s finest water-based combat aircraft, and its Shiden Kai could meet Hellcats on equal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32415","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kawanishi | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9-\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd\/\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"he_IL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kawanishi | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; Japan Kawanishi Kawanishi K&#333;k&#363;ki KK (Kawanishi Aircraft Company) &middot; &#24029;&#35199;&#33322;&#31354;&#27231; &middot; Kawanishi Kikai Seisakusho, aircraft department (1920&ndash;1928) A textile magnate who fell out with Nakajima built Japan&rsquo;s flying-boat house: Kawanishi&rsquo;s Emily was called the war&rsquo;s finest water-based combat aircraft, and its Shiden Kai could meet Hellcats on equal [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/he\/\u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9-\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd\/\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-08T16:24:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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