{"id":20816,"date":"2026-08-10T09:37:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T07:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=20816"},"modified":"2026-08-10T09:41:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T07:41:19","slug":"nieuport-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/aircraft\/nieuport-17\/","title":{"rendered":"Nieuport 17 \u2014 History, Specs, Photos &#038; Stories"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"mfam\">\n<style> @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;1,400;1,500&display=swap'); body.page-id-20816 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-20816 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-20816 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} html{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-20816{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-20816 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-20816 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 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The Nieuport 17 dates from 1916, genuine airframes are exceptionally rare museum pieces, and the handful of airworthy reproductions that fly at collections such as the Shuttleworth Collection, The Vintage Aviator in New Zealand and Old Rhinebeck are display aircraft, not a bookable ride. So flying in a Nieuport 17 is not something you can arrange. You can, however, fly in a genuine military jet today, including supersonic fighters, with MiGFlug. See the currently available aircraft and prices at https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What made the Nieuport 17 so effective in 1916?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It combined a light, powerful package: a compact sesquiplane airframe on a Le Rhone 9J rotary of roughly 110 horsepower gave it a strong climb, tight turn and excellent all-round visibility. Its narrow single-spar lower wing left the pilot a clear view downward and forward, and forward-firing armament (a synchronised Vickers on French machines, an over-wing Lewis on British ones) let pilots aim the whole aeroplane at a target. Through the second half of 1916 it was one of the best fighters over the Western Front.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Nieuport 17's lower wing really a weakness?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, and it is the honest caveat to the design. The sesquiplane layout hung a slender lower wing on a single spar, braced to the top wing by a V-strut. That gave superb visibility and climb, but the wing lacked torsional strength: at high speed or in a prolonged dive it could twist, flutter and, in the worst cases, fail at the root or at the spar-to-strut junction. The RFC ordered lower wings strengthened in 1917, and the same flaw later afflicted the German Albatros D.III, which had copied the Nieuport layout.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aces flew the Nieuport 17?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A remarkable roster. France's Charles Nungesser scored heavily on the type and painted it with his famous macabre insignia; Georges Guynemer flew Nieuports before moving to the SPAD. For Britain, Albert Ball and Billy Bishop (William Avery Bishop) ran up large scores on Nieuport 17s, and the American volunteers of the Escadrille Lafayette flew them in French service. Belgium's Willy Coppens learned his trade on the type.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Nieuport 17 end the 'Fokker Scourge'?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not on its own, and the popular shorthand oversimplifies it. The Fokker Eindecker's dominance of late 1915 was broken in early 1916 mainly by the earlier Nieuport 11 'Bebe', the Airco DH.2 and the F.E.2b. The more powerful Nieuport 17 that arrived in May 1916 built on that success and helped the Allies hold air superiority through the summer of 1916, rather than being the aircraft that first turned the tide.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Nieuport 17s were built, and are any left?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Exact totals are uncertain because wartime records are incomplete and the 17 shares its production run with the near-identical 17bis and 23. Figures in the literature range from around 2,000 into the several thousands across the close family, with licence production by Macchi in Italy and Dux in Russia. Genuine originals are among the rarest of WWI survivors; most 'Nieuport 17s' on display today are faithful replicas or composites, while a growing number of airworthy reproductions fly at vintage collections.\"}}]}<\/script><header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"hero-media\"><img data-opt-id=836193909  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-climbing-1916-scaled.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 17 climbing steeply, showing its sesquiplane wing layout\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/\">Military Aircraft Encyclopedia<\/a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp; <span>Fighter<\/span> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp; <span>Nieuport 17<\/span><\/div>\n<h1>Nieuport 17<br \/><em>&ldquo;The scout that gave the Allies the edge in 1916&rdquo;<\/em><\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">Gustave Delage&rsquo;s nimble French sesquiplane &mdash; superb to see from, quick to climb and turn, and flown by half the aces of the age &mdash; with one honest flaw built into its lower wing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~177 km\/h<\/b><span>Top speed &middot; Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~5,300 m<\/b><span>Service ceiling<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>8.2 m<\/b><span>Wingspan<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1916<\/b><span>Entered service<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit\">Photo: Albert Moreau &middot; Licence Ouverte \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Role<\/b> Single-seat fighter \/ scout<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Era<\/b> World War I<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Engine<\/b> Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J rotary (~110 hp)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Origin<\/b> France &middot; Soci&eacute;t&eacute; Anonyme des &Eacute;tablissements Nieuport<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b> Retired (post-war service into the 1920s)<\/span><a class=\"chip fly\" href=\"#faq\">Can you still fly a Nieuport 17?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The Story<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 17: how a French sesquiplane gave the Allies their edge in 1916<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\" style=\"margin-top:22px\">\n<div>\n<p>In the winter of 1915&ndash;16 the German <strong>Fokker Eindecker<\/strong>, with its synchronised gun firing through the propeller, had made the Western Front deadly for Allied airmen &mdash; a period the British press called the <strong>&ldquo;Fokker Scourge.&rdquo;<\/strong> The first answer came from the little <strong>Nieuport 11 &ldquo;Beb&eacute;&rdquo;<\/strong>, a tiny sesquiplane scout that, alongside the Airco DH.2 and F.E.2b, broke the Eindecker&rsquo;s grip in the spring of 1916. What the Allies needed next was something with the same agility but more power and more punch. That aircraft was the <strong>Nieuport 17<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Designed by <strong>Gustave Delage<\/strong>, the 17 was a scaled-up, more powerful development of the Beb&eacute;. It kept the distinctive <strong>sesquiplane<\/strong> layout &mdash; a normal upper wing over a much narrower lower wing built around a single spar &mdash; which gave the pilot an almost unobstructed view downward and forward, exactly where a fighter pilot needs to look. On a <strong>Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J<\/strong> rotary of around 110 horsepower it climbed fast, turned tightly and handled beautifully. It reached the front with French <strong>Escadrille N.57 on 2 May 1916<\/strong> and was an immediate success.<\/p>\n<p>Its influence outran the French air service. Britain&rsquo;s Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service bought the type to cover the gap before their own scouts matured; Italy and Russia flew it and built it under licence; Belgium and, later, the United States operated it. It became the mount of a startling roster of aces &mdash; <strong>Charles Nungesser<\/strong>, <strong>Albert Ball<\/strong>, <strong>Billy Bishop<\/strong> and, early in his career, <strong>Georges Guynemer<\/strong> &mdash; and for the second half of 1916 it was among the best fighters in the sky.<\/p>\n<p>There was one honest flaw. The slender single-spar lower wing that gave such a fine view could <strong>twist and, in a hard dive, even fail<\/strong>. Pilots learned not to hold a high-speed dive too long, the RFC ordered the wings strengthened, and by mid-1917 the newer German <strong>Albatros<\/strong> scouts and the arrival of the more robust <strong>SPAD<\/strong> pushed the Nieuport sesquiplanes out of the front line. But in its moment, the 17 was exactly the aeroplane the Allies needed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pull\">&ldquo;A clear view, a fast climb and a gun you aimed with the whole aeroplane.&rdquo;<cite><b>The Nieuport 17<\/b> &mdash; why 1916&rsquo;s aces prized the little sesquiplane scout<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17&rsquo;s origins: Gustave Delage, the sesquiplane line and the Beb&eacute; that came before<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Gustave Delage joined Nieuport in January 1914 and gave the firm a family of <strong>sesquiplane<\/strong> scouts &mdash; aircraft with a full-size upper wing and a much narrower lower wing carried on a single spar. The layout was inspired by the pre-war &ldquo;one-and-a-half wing&rdquo; racers and offered two things a fighter pilot craved: a clean view below the aircraft, and low drag for a good climb.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Nieuport 11 &ldquo;Beb&eacute;&rdquo;<\/strong> of 1915 proved the concept in combat, helping to break the Fokker Scourge. The <strong>Nieuport 17<\/strong> that followed in 1916 was a refinement rather than a revolution: a slightly larger airframe, a more powerful Le Rh&ocirc;ne rotary, rounded wingtips and a cleaner cowling, and provision for a proper synchronised gun. The result kept the Beb&eacute;&rsquo;s agility while adding the speed and firepower the earlier machine lacked.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Design &amp; Engineering<\/div>\n<h2>What makes the Nieuport 17 special<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cards3\">\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">01<\/div>\n<h3>A sesquiplane wing built for the pilot&rsquo;s eyes<\/h3>\n<p>The narrow single-spar lower wing gave the pilot a nearly unobstructed view down and forward, and low drag for a strong climb and tight turn. It was the feature that made the 17 such a natural dogfighter &mdash; and, as the trade-off, the source of its one structural weakness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A light rotary that punched above its weight<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J<\/strong> rotary of roughly 110 horsepower (some machines used Clerget rotaries) spun the whole engine with the propeller. Light and compact, it gave the small airframe an excellent power-to-weight ratio &mdash; the key to the 17&rsquo;s climb and manoeuvrability.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">03<\/div>\n<h3>A gun you aimed with the aeroplane<\/h3>\n<p>French 17s carried a <strong>synchronised Vickers<\/strong> firing through the propeller arc; British RFC machines mounted a <strong>Lewis gun over the top wing<\/strong> on the Foster rail, which could be pulled down to change drums or fire upward. Either way the pilot aimed by pointing the whole fighter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17&rsquo;s sesquiplane wing: visibility and climb versus torsional strength<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>A conventional biplane has two wings of similar chord, braced together into a rigid box that resists twisting. Delage&rsquo;s sesquiplane deliberately traded that box away: the lower wing was made narrow and hung on a <strong>single spar<\/strong>, braced to the upper wing by a distinctive <strong>V-strut<\/strong>. The pay-off was excellent downward visibility, light weight and low drag, all of which helped the climb and the turn.<\/p>\n<p>The cost was <strong>torsional rigidity<\/strong>. With only one spar and no box structure, the lower wing could flex and twist under aerodynamic load. In gentle flying this was harmless, but it set a hard limit that the design never fully escaped &mdash; and which the next expander describes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17&rsquo;s guns: the Foster mounting, the over-wing Lewis and the French synchronised Vickers<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Early Nieuport scouts predated a reliable French gun-synchronising gear, so the RFC mounted a <strong>Lewis gun above the upper wing<\/strong> on the <strong>Foster mounting<\/strong> &mdash; a curved rail that let the pilot slide the gun back and down to swap the 47- or 97-round drum, and, usefully, to fire upward into the belly of an enemy aircraft. It was Albert Ball&rsquo;s favoured trick.<\/p>\n<p>As synchronisation matured, French Nieuport 17s standardised on a single <strong>synchronised Vickers<\/strong> firing through the propeller arc, a lighter and simpler installation. Some machines carried both. Either arrangement kept the armament on the aircraft&rsquo;s centreline, so aiming meant pointing the whole fighter &mdash; the essence of the era&rsquo;s dogfighting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17&rsquo;s lower-wing weakness: why the sesquiplanes could shed a wing in a dive<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>This is the caveat that any honest account of the Nieuport 17 has to include. Because the lower wing carried its loads on a single spar with no box to resist twisting, a <strong>prolonged or high-speed dive<\/strong> could let the wing flutter and twist. In the worst cases it failed &mdash; typically at the wing root or at the junction of the spar and the V-strut &mdash; and a failure there was usually fatal.<\/p>\n<p>Pilots adapted by not holding steep dives, and the <strong>Royal Flying Corps ordered lower wings strengthened in 1917<\/strong>. The flaw was not unique to Nieuport: when the German designer Robert Thelen copied the sesquiplane layout for the <strong>Albatros D.III<\/strong>, it inherited exactly the same wing-shedding tendency. The lesson &mdash; that visibility and climb had been bought with structural margin &mdash; helped push front-line units toward the sturdier two-spar <strong>SPAD<\/strong> from 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Technical Data<\/div>\n<h2>Nieuport 17 specifications<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:6px\">Figures are for the standard Nieuport 17.C1 on the Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J; sources vary and several values are hedged. The near-identical 17bis (Clerget) and 23 differed in detail.<\/p>\n<div class=\"specgrid\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Airframe &amp; Performance<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Crew<\/dt>\n<dd>1 &mdash; pilot<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>~5.8 m (some sources ~5.96 m)<\/dd>\n<dt>Wingspan<\/dt>\n<dd>~8.2 m (8.16 m)<\/dd>\n<dt>Height<\/dt>\n<dd>~2.4 m<\/dd>\n<dt>Wing area<\/dt>\n<dd>~14.75 m&sup2;<\/dd>\n<dt>Empty \/ loaded weight<\/dt>\n<dd>~375 kg \/ ~560 kg<\/dd>\n<dt>Max speed<\/dt>\n<dd>~177 km\/h (110 mph); some sources ~165&ndash;171 km\/h<\/dd>\n<dt>Service ceiling<\/dt>\n<dd>~5,300 m (~17,400 ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Endurance<\/dt>\n<dd>~2 hours<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Propulsion, Armament &amp; Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Engine<\/dt>\n<dd>1 &times; Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J rotary, ~110 hp (some Clerget 9B, ~130 hp)<\/dd>\n<dt>Engine type<\/dt>\n<dd>9-cylinder air-cooled rotary<\/dd>\n<dt>Armament<\/dt>\n<dd>1 &times; synchronised Vickers (French) or over-wing Lewis on Foster mount (RFC); some carried both<\/dd>\n<dt>First flight \/ service<\/dt>\n<dd>1916; French service from 2 May 1916 (Escadrille N.57)<\/dd>\n<dt>Built<\/dt>\n<dd>Figures vary &mdash; ~2,000 to several thousand across the 17 \/ 17bis \/ 23 family<\/dd>\n<dt>Manufacturers<\/dt>\n<dd>Nieuport (France); Macchi (Italy) &amp; Dux (Russia) under licence<\/dd>\n<dt>Unit cost<\/dt>\n<dd>Not reliably recorded (1916 procurement)<\/dd>\n<dt>Cost per flight hour<\/dt>\n<dd>~&#36;2,000&ndash;4,000 (modern airworthy-replica operating estimate &mdash; unofficial)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17 family: the 17bis, 23, 21, 24 and 27, and licence production abroad<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The 17 sat in the middle of a fast-evolving family. The <strong>Nieuport 21<\/strong> was a lower-powered trainer\/scout; the <strong>17bis<\/strong> introduced a Clerget rotary and a slightly refined fuselage; the <strong>Nieuport 23<\/strong> was near-identical to the 17 but differed in gun mounting and small fittings, so the two are often counted together. The later <strong>24<\/strong> and <strong>27<\/strong> brought rounded fuselages and further refinement before the whole sesquiplane line gave way to the SPAD.<\/p>\n<p>Production was not confined to France. <strong>Macchi<\/strong> built Nieuport scouts under licence in Italy, and the <strong>Dux<\/strong> works produced them in Russia; Switzerland later built the type under licence as well. Because records are incomplete and the 17 and 23 share a production run, total-built figures in the literature vary widely &mdash; a point worth keeping in mind whenever a single number is quoted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 17&rsquo;s costs: 1916 francs and what a flying replica costs today<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Per-aircraft procurement prices for the Nieuport 17 are <strong>not reliably recorded<\/strong> in surviving sources, and translating 1916 French war-contract francs into modern money is fraught &mdash; wartime inflation and the post-war collapse of the franc make any single figure misleading. We have therefore left the unit-cost row as &ldquo;not reliably recorded.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>What can be said is about flying one <em>today<\/em>. Operating an airworthy WWI-type replica on a small rotary or radial &mdash; hangarage, insurance, fuel and castor oil, and the specialist maintenance a vintage engine needs &mdash; is commonly discussed in the vintage-aviation community in the region of a few thousand US dollars per flight hour. The <strong>~&#36;2,000&ndash;4,000\/hour<\/strong> figure in the table is an unofficial estimate for a modern replica, not a historical cost, and is flagged as such.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 17 through the war<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<h3>Delage joins Nieuport<\/h3>\n<p>Gustave Delage takes charge of design at the Soci&eacute;t&eacute; Anonyme des &Eacute;tablissements Nieuport and begins the sesquiplane scout line that will lead to the 17.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1915<\/div>\n<h3>The Nieuport 11 &ldquo;Beb&eacute;&rdquo; enters combat<\/h3>\n<p>The tiny sesquiplane scout reaches the front and, with the DH.2 and F.E.2b, begins breaking the Fokker Scourge in early 1916 &mdash; proving the layout the 17 will inherit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">May 1916<\/div>\n<h3>Into service with Escadrille N.57<\/h3>\n<p>The more powerful Nieuport 17 reaches French squadrons on 2 May 1916 and is an immediate success over Verdun and the Somme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<h3>Adopted by the RFC, RNAS, Italy, Russia and Belgium<\/h3>\n<p>The Allies buy and licence-build the type to cover the gap before their own scouts mature; aces including Ball, Bishop, Nungesser and Guynemer make their names on it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<h3>The lower wing catches up with the design<\/h3>\n<p>High-speed wing failures prompt the RFC to order lower wings strengthened; the newer Albatros D.III &mdash; which copied the sesquiplane &mdash; suffers the same trouble.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<h3>Superseded by the SPAD and later Nieuports<\/h3>\n<p>The sturdier two-spar SPAD S.VII and the refined Nieuport 24 and 27 take over front-line pursuit work as the 17 is outclassed by newer German scouts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918&ndash;20s<\/div>\n<h3>Second-line and post-war service<\/h3>\n<p>Surviving and licence-built airframes serve as trainers and with smaller air arms into the 1920s, from the United States to the newly independent states of Europe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">Today<\/div>\n<h3>A rare original, a thriving replica<\/h3>\n<p>Genuine Nieuport 17s are among the rarest WWI survivors, while airworthy reproductions fly at collections such as Shuttleworth, The Vintage Aviator and Old Rhinebeck.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Stories &amp; Eyewitnesses<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 17 in the words of those who flew it<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:-712,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8249;<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:712,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8250;<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"stcar\">\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Ace of aces<\/div>\n<h4>Charles Nungesser and the macabre Nieuport<\/h4>\n<p>France&rsquo;s indestructible ace painted his 17 with a skull, coffin and candles &mdash; and kept flying through a catalogue of injuries.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Charles Nungesser scored many of his 43 confirmed victories on Nieuport scouts, his aircraft marked with a black heart bearing a skull and crossbones, a coffin and two candles. Repeatedly wounded &mdash; he flew with a rebuilt jaw, a gold palate and, at times, on crutches to his cockpit &mdash; Nungesser embodied the reckless glamour of the Nieuport era before vanishing over the Atlantic in 1927 attempting a transatlantic flight.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The over-wing gun<\/div>\n<h4>Albert Ball and the Foster mounting trick<\/h4>\n<p>Britain&rsquo;s first great ace used the top-wing Lewis to attack from below, firing up into an enemy&rsquo;s blind spot.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Albert Ball VC preferred to fly the Nieuport 17 with its Foster-mounted Lewis gun, which he could pull down on its rail to fire upward. He would stalk beneath an enemy two-seater and rake it from below, where its crew could not shoot back. Ball scored the bulk of his 44 victories in Nieuports before his death in May 1917, aged 20, and was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Colonial ace<\/div>\n<h4>Billy Bishop&rsquo;s Nieuport summer<\/h4>\n<p>The Canadian ran up a formidable score on the 17, culminating in a solo dawn raid that earned the Victoria Cross.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">William Avery &lsquo;Billy&rsquo; Bishop flew the Nieuport 17 with No. 60 Squadron RFC in 1917, scoring rapidly. On 2 June 1917 he flew a lone dawn attack on a German airfield, claiming several aircraft destroyed on or just after take-off &mdash; an action for which he received the Victoria Cross. He would end the war as one of the highest-scoring aces of the British Empire.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The Cigognes<\/div>\n<h4>Guynemer&rsquo;s early Nieuports<\/h4>\n<p>Before the SPAD made him a legend, Georges Guynemer honed his craft on Nieuport scouts with the famous Storks.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Georges Guynemer, France&rsquo;s beloved national hero, flew Nieuport scouts with the elite Escadrille N.3 &mdash; the Cigognes, or Storks &mdash; earlier in his career, before switching to the SPAD S.VII and S.XIII on which he scored most of his 53 victories. The nimble Nieuport suited the close-in, manoeuvring style that made his reputation.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The volunteers<\/div>\n<h4>The Escadrille Lafayette<\/h4>\n<p>American volunteers flew Nieuport 17s in French service before their own country entered the war.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The Escadrille Lafayette &mdash; American volunteers flying for France &mdash; operated Nieuport scouts including the 17 in 1916&ndash;17, marked with a Sioux warrior&rsquo;s head. Their example, and the aircraft they flew, helped shape the United States Air Service that followed when America entered the war in 1917; several Lafayette veterans became instructors and squadron leaders.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Balloon-buster<\/div>\n<h4>Willy Coppens learns his trade<\/h4>\n<p>Belgium&rsquo;s greatest ace started on the Nieuport before making his name against observation balloons.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Willy Coppens, Belgium&rsquo;s highest-scoring ace, flew Nieuport scouts early in his career before specialising in the extremely dangerous work of attacking German observation balloons. The agility and climb that made the Nieuport 17 a fine dogfighter were exactly the qualities a balloon-buster needed to dart in, fire and escape the defending guns.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The weakness<\/div>\n<h4>The wing that could not be trusted in a dive<\/h4>\n<p>The feature pilots loved &mdash; the clear-view lower wing &mdash; was also the one they feared at high speed.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The Nieuport&rsquo;s single-spar lower wing gave a superb view but could twist and fail in a hard dive. Front-line pilots swapped warnings about not holding a steep dive too long, and squadrons watched for the tell-tale flutter. It was the price of the sesquiplane bargain: the same slim wing that let a pilot see and climb also set a firm ceiling on how hard he could throw the aircraft about.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The German compliment<\/div>\n<h4>Imitation on the other side of the line<\/h4>\n<p>The layout was copied by Albatros &mdash; wing weakness and all.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">So effective was the Nieuport formula that German designers copied it: the Albatros D.III and D.V adopted the sesquiplane lower wing and V-strut to improve visibility and climb. They also inherited its fragility, suffering their own spate of lower-wing failures. It was a backhanded tribute &mdash; the enemy borrowed both the Nieuport&rsquo;s best idea and its worst flaw.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Escadrille N.57<\/div>\n<h4>First into service<\/h4>\n<p>The unit that took the 17 to war in May 1916.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Escadrille N.57 received the Nieuport 17 on 2 May 1916 and quickly demonstrated what the new scout could do over the Verdun and Somme fronts. Within weeks the type was spreading through the French escadrilles de chasse and being requested by Britain, whose own single-seat scouts were not yet ready in the numbers the front demanded.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Licence abroad<\/div>\n<h4>Macchi and Dux<\/h4>\n<p>The 17 was built far beyond France &mdash; in Italy and in Russia.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Demand outran French production, so the design was built under licence: Macchi manufactured Nieuport scouts in Italy, where they equipped squadrons fighting Austria-Hungary over the Alps and the Isonzo, and the Dux works produced them in Russia for the Eastern Front. Switzerland later built the type as well. Licence production is part of why total-built figures are so hard to pin down.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">From scout to trainer<\/div>\n<h4>A gentle second career<\/h4>\n<p>Forgiving handling made the retired fighter a natural teacher.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">As newer fighters took over front-line work, the Nieuport 17 and its relatives found a long second life as advanced trainers. The same light, responsive handling that made the type a fine dogfighter made it a good aircraft on which to teach a novice the art of the rotary-engined scout &mdash; and kept many airframes flying well after the Armistice.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The survivors<\/div>\n<h4>Rare originals, living replicas<\/h4>\n<p>Almost no genuine 17s remain &mdash; but the type flies again in faithful reproductions.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Original Nieuport 17s are among the scarcest of all WWI aircraft; most examples labelled &lsquo;Nieuport 17&rsquo; in museums are careful replicas or composites. But the type is far from silent: airworthy reproductions fly at the Shuttleworth Collection in England, The Vintage Aviator in New Zealand and the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in the United States, letting modern audiences see the little sesquiplane in its element.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Gallery<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 17 in pictures<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:-660,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8249;<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:660,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8250;<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"track gal\" id=\"gal\">\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-charles-nungesser-emblem.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=922092073  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:730\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-charles-nungesser-emblem.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20730%201024%22%20width%3D%22730%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22730%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"French ace Charles Nungesser beside a Nieuport with his skull-and-coffin emblem\"><figcaption>French ace Charles Nungesser with the skull, coffin and candles emblem he painted on his Nieuports.<span>Unknown photographer &middot; public domain \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-camouflaged-lower-wing.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1262449369  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-camouflaged-lower-wing.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20461%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22461%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22461%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Early camouflaged Nieuport 17 showing the narrow single-spar lower wing and V-strut\"><figcaption>An early camouflaged Nieuport 17 &mdash; the narrow single-spar lower wing and V-strut clearly visible.<span>San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum &middot; public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-side-view-scaled.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=476354477  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1054\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-side-view.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201054%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221054%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221054%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 17 photographed side-on at a US Army aviation experiment station\"><figcaption>A Nieuport 17 photographed side-on at a US Army aviation experiment station.<span>US Army Signal Corps \/ NARA &middot; public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-billy-bishop-1-scaled.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=245984320  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1481\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-billy-bishop-1.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201120%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221120%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221120%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Canadian ace Billy Bishop at an aircraft machine gun\"><figcaption>Canadian ace Billy Bishop, who scored heavily on the Nieuport 17 with No. 60 Squadron in 1917.<span>Agence Rol &middot; public domain \/ BnF Gallica<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-n1430-escadrille-n62.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1517639543  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:516\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-n1430-escadrille-n62.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20516%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22516%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22516%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 17 number 1430 of Escadrille N.62, August 1916\"><figcaption>Nieuport 17 no. 1430 of Adjudant Pierre Besnier, Escadrille N.62, near Cachy, August 1916.<span>vasse nicolas, Tarbes &middot; CC BY 2.0 \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-le-bourget-july-1916-scaled.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=830116231  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1048\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-le-bourget-july-1916.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201048%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221048%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221048%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Early Nieuport 17 at Le Bourget in July 1916\"><figcaption>An early Nieuport 17 demonstrated for a British delegation at Le Bourget, 18 July 1916.<span>Albert Moreau &middot; Licence Ouverte \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-italian-lineup.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=422526048  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:576\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-italian-lineup.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20576%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22576%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22576%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A lineup of Italian-operated Nieuport 17 fighters\"><figcaption>A lineup of Italian Nieuport 17s &mdash; Macchi built the type under licence at Varese.<span>Unknown photographer &middot; public domain \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-francesco-baracca.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1130546040  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-17-francesco-baracca.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Aircraft of Italian ace Francesco Baracca\"><figcaption>Aircraft of Italy&rsquo;s leading ace, Francesco Baracca, who flew Nieuport scouts on the Alpine front.<span>Unknown photographer &middot; public domain \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Watch<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 17 in the air<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/Ef1Qcxun9kA\" title=\"Flying the Nieuport 17 \u2014 helmet-camera footage from the airworthy reproduction G-BWMJ\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:10px\">Helmet-camera footage filmed by pilot Rob Gauld-Galliers flying the airworthy Nieuport 17 reproduction G-BWMJ at the La Fert&eacute;-Alais display in France &mdash; a rare in-cockpit view from a genuine flying Nieuport 17. (Channel: Robert Gauld-Galliers &middot; ~12,500 views.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Operations<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Nieuport 17 flew<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:22px\">Designed and built in France, fought over the Western Front, the Italian Alps and the Eastern Front, and built under licence in Italy and Russia &mdash; the Nieuport 17 and its near-identical 17bis and 23 siblings served with a dozen air arms. Toggle the categories to see its origin, wartime operators and combat, other and licence operators, and where survivors and replicas are displayed today.<\/p>\n<div id=\"n17-map-widget\" style=\"font-family:'Gilroy semiBold','Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif;max-width:1080px;width:100%;\">\n<div id=\"n17-map-container\" style=\"width:100%;position:relative\"><svg id=\"n17-map-svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><\/svg><\/p>\n<div id=\"n17-tooltip\" style=\"position:fixed;background:#1a1a2e;color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:0;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.3px;pointer-events:auto;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s;z-index:1000;max-width:360px;line-height:1.5\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"n17-controls\" style=\"display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:12px;\"><button class=\"n17-toggle active\" data-cat=\"migflug\" data-full=\"Origin &amp; Manufacturer (France)\" data-short=\"Origin\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #5C91FF;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:#5C91FF\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n17-label\">Origin &amp; Manufacturer (France)<\/span><span class=\"n17-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">&#10003;<\/span><\/button><button class=\"n17-toggle active\" data-cat=\"combat\" data-full=\"Wartime Operator &amp; Combat, 1916&ndash;18\" data-short=\"Wartime\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #6B8E23;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4A6741 25%,#6B8E23 25%,#6B8E23 50%,#556B2F 50%,#556B2F 75%,#8B9D77 75%);background-size:8px 8px\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n17-label\">Wartime Operator &amp; Combat, 1916&ndash;18<\/span><span class=\"n17-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">&#10003;<\/span><\/button><button class=\"n17-toggle active\" data-cat=\"current\" data-full=\"Other \/ Licence Operator\" data-short=\"Licence\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #555;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:#555\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n17-label\">Other \/ Licence Operator<\/span><span class=\"n17-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity 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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"n17-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat Record<\/div>\n<h2>The record the Nieuport 17 left behind<\/h2>\n<div class=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>1916<\/b><span>The year it ruled &mdash; best of the Allied scouts over the Somme<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat zero\"><b>Half the aces<\/b><span>Ball, Bishop, Nungesser &amp; Guynemer all scored on it<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>~12<\/b><span>Air arms that flew or licence-built the type<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"finenote\">Victory tallies from the First World War are inherently uncertain: claims were often shared, confirmation was inconsistent between air services, and many combats went unrecorded. The figures above are indicative of the type&rsquo;s standing in 1916, not audited scores.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Nieuport 17: your questions answered<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Can I fly in a Nieuport 17?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not in an original. The Nieuport 17 dates from 1916, genuine airframes are exceptionally rare museum pieces, and the handful of airworthy reproductions that fly at collections such as the Shuttleworth Collection, The Vintage Aviator in New Zealand and Old Rhinebeck are display aircraft, not a bookable ride. So flying in a Nieuport 17 is not something you can arrange. You can, however, fly in a genuine military jet today, including supersonic fighters, with MiGFlug. See the currently available aircraft and prices at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">migflug.com\/flights-prices\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What made the Nieuport 17 so effective in 1916?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It combined a light, powerful package: a compact sesquiplane airframe on a Le Rhone 9J rotary of roughly 110 horsepower gave it a strong climb, tight turn and excellent all-round visibility. Its narrow single-spar lower wing left the pilot a clear view downward and forward, and forward-firing armament (a synchronised Vickers on French machines, an over-wing Lewis on British ones) let pilots aim the whole aeroplane at a target. Through the second half of 1916 it was one of the best fighters over the Western Front.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Nieuport 17&#8217;s lower wing really a weakness?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, and it is the honest caveat to the design. The sesquiplane layout hung a slender lower wing on a single spar, braced to the top wing by a V-strut. That gave superb visibility and climb, but the wing lacked torsional strength: at high speed or in a prolonged dive it could twist, flutter and, in the worst cases, fail at the root or at the spar-to-strut junction. The RFC ordered lower wings strengthened in 1917, and the same flaw later afflicted the German Albatros D.III, which had copied the Nieuport layout.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aces flew the Nieuport 17?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A remarkable roster. France&#8217;s Charles Nungesser scored heavily on the type and painted it with his famous macabre insignia; Georges Guynemer flew Nieuports before moving to the SPAD. For Britain, Albert Ball and Billy Bishop (William Avery Bishop) ran up large scores on Nieuport 17s, and the American volunteers of the Escadrille Lafayette flew them in French service. Belgium&#8217;s Willy Coppens learned his trade on the type.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Nieuport 17 end the &#8216;Fokker Scourge&#8217;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not on its own, and the popular shorthand oversimplifies it. The Fokker Eindecker&#8217;s dominance of late 1915 was broken in early 1916 mainly by the earlier Nieuport 11 &#8216;Bebe&#8217;, the Airco DH.2 and the F.E.2b. The more powerful Nieuport 17 that arrived in May 1916 built on that success and helped the Allies hold air superiority through the summer of 1916, rather than being the aircraft that first turned the tide.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Nieuport 17s were built, and are any left?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Exact totals are uncertain because wartime records are incomplete and the 17 shares its production run with the near-identical 17bis and 23. Figures in the literature range from around 2,000 into the several thousands across the close family, with licence production by Macchi in Italy and Dux in Russia. Genuine originals are among the rarest of WWI survivors; most &#8216;Nieuport 17s&#8217; on display today are faithful replicas or composites, while a growing number of airworthy reproductions fly at vintage collections.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You can&rsquo;t fly the Nieuport 17.<br \/>These, you can.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">Some legends only live in museums &mdash; others are fuelled and waiting. MiGFlug has put civilians in real military jet cockpits since 2004.<\/p>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:-520,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8249;<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:520,behavior:'smooth'})\">&#8250;<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"flycar\"><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  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alt=\"Aero L-39 Albatros side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the L-39 Albatros<\/b><span>The world\u2019s most-flown jet trainer \u2014 aerobatics included<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/f104-starfighter-flight\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed F-104 Starfighter side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the F-104 Starfighter<\/b><span>\u201cThe missile with a man in it\u201d<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/mig-21-launch\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-21<\/b><span>The Cold War\u2019s most-produced jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/t-33-in-canada\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the T-33 Shooting Star<\/b><span>America\u2019s first jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/vampire-flight-near-london\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"de Havilland Vampire side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the DH Vampire<\/b><span>A piece of early jet history<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/s-211-jet-flight-munich\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"SIAI-Marchetti S.211 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the S.211<\/b><span>Agile Italian jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-mb-326-jet-provost-in-italy\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Aermacchi MB-326 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MB-326<\/b><span>The classic Aermacchi jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/mig-15-fagot-czech-republic\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  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Q8SiPIH6shiszussiPklLT5gTS74yJS5et5j6VtIyxHQ2\/Bc1o\/jLKVRmiLfJ8Vkqp9MPpu683XIOY92Oo51mlE5dsrd1MeHpfnSArqstNIh7juvuGxpfooVu+SRu1PPe3W5RHluKRV7rbq9oaljaOrDKJyPwbuy5QJafEzv1sD9nnEthEWZ3jVYe++7j+Qdlzs9zCrWyL\/jNei3mdllxVpbpn7OLutRb3fQlTIFlE59pm\/h8enPn2r4Wrhng\/e3vuX\/\/ATvc\/\/g5\/qffBdN\/Xc+diFAaIZBcp2kVXGj7SU0VZstfz4X\/o7tWmqaURVNoi0kFhJWtZgXklrWwmL4\/yB9Pql138XQUkD3XGPPioEnbfgvWsyap15KRdyIkvSyvjG2W3l\/S0BhwjSxrzKDaLad+aLPtmNEVGRs4Z+If0il1KXDuz86ZF0SPlhUlnE1bULqgnl0oTvhpXE6cg3aEz6RFxIyzeI\/BDS2p4Y6j\/abScsQ1u7uOcX8rKde6txyUob6uQ+i8PZFhFIqx53bKPvtvJrEHccRwh1e\/OQ9iB4f2rp7CtHjv\/ha\/c+e+LV3vGT50aCv3RQtkuybQZ8k1iMZCuRnV9kmTeOjlQQV\/CpS0\/0\/t5nPtpzPAVtucdCbCXYB6HewX14\/fge5Ye9voG03v37\/2NjDazH6plTwH6ApQAAEABJREFUh89eOvmvrZX684C5ICxHQ38g7WjnU2tSx+Q+SzBP2sa81MtOKzLjym4r6WFyWsdEQRv4CrwGYmQjA7u8wDd9XkkIbrhh9bj3p7yeYnd8x20H1skSPoCkI91VZr7Ra2mXrUwp6f2QsskXO15KLiV9UiDP1KUPgisN83EkBUdU8q7TTy6X+MmTX+0FyKkEu39FquznzJnTS\/c899Xena8f3birQ4Y1ECX4kQH+Bicda+Sobv18wFhP62utAz6cFeaCsEx25\/nlLzz\/ymuP3HrLwaX6IZU\/KpCesj4hyHnAJPPJrioy80j6sce\/MfC9Le90vYnnH\/CCZYJNwAVsAjEBSXbBN3ZIRvD6CvyO2\/cfLfGu2\/YfkSaDH7nlpsOBb\/ruuuuOQ0HmQdodR9IDH0D0SA8QP1jjfnj3oYM9eaWk9wPCLPMQZNBFoskjPdRBnUY8YLwk0EOM0SNjJ0NwYpjO1g\/ItURdLu3r3z9ojADhQ+\/7kXVwdwelD\/gb+F598od+6NZ79+7a8dCOi2cPW19rDWKhjBfxJLaQWT7gtDEtzA1h+dbQb8HbQQjeSR7yOEWg0X1ikdsN8xk0hszVUTZwFwfm0AVv+f\/uU3\/Q+4+\/9rWlEr\/4n35rIy0PvnPsD3qkNs6unT288+LqES9eCjr3Rgjl\/Xe+7SEBGUkPEA2dNA\/BS1qnUeEoa45k6kgP8smgvK66XbZBbSTPXMq65hfIi94lPdSB\/Ogk0qyBHPUrPuUhiUj6ZqDNrvppnzQu4wRzA+MZBdYuOzd61lEbYkOMgHgSVz4gD9509oQPOCQGJZGN0mdXmbkhrAxu9fzOB+kckUCKZC916S6o6xPPpw0CSJlR6qbsOFK7oC9ANCWQReBTk04GyIfu0zTIp6Y5GEskHXyymyMdBCz4tCQTvAKVTgpY4B8BZ8xkPwhMbctXlh5oY1Soo2wkHaTrdtkmQVd7o7bdVXeSMYxaZ9S7r2HjL\/Mzh1HHMGq5so8yBvUH8kGsiBNS22yAHJEY+JC0I7NTtysrSUydUTB3hOU+6+zF9SMHDhy4Mn6OSaLUY+uSHGUbjACS31WXU0sgHOgiHKRSkw0bwgF9Qcgm0kKDcRiTLxZCOEgnQDQBkgmQDZ0MEI85pk1zA+lIeg1zZVNmGOqy6kHs9BplXvR+Ul1jIDeDtK8N7SVNZ+uHlIscVj7tpHzSk8q000+mXfkgTQI9SJoE9lqyQW0fli59Ina1AaknH9jILnuIDJkpA9mNITG7MQTmaiK7MO11Ye4IyyC9Bf\/SSycfNzEOAPZIegl2QDQBwkEMyiEVRAP0EoimBMKBkA2pDciCIZsgZEN2kQ2iCUqyCeEgncB8A\/1NCr5I3VrXfr+82p6yaSMyduVjo0OZF72frOuqPwnSftqr07HXMuUik58x1OnYu8qXZUtdnTq9tGt5nT3tjCLLMoW+VLfTL0856Jffz65OiTxTKV\/m0Wu7udtRei49k+A5zFUF6XlcPXdx447Mt8YnX3nlKAKzA3MXpt1gLgnLfdbq2v5PnlpdesAR8bXXVt4R3e7LpE0yCOEgmgDRgIkimnKH049sEIs8dZCPNIRoIpFNELIhLRaov50wBoFiDHQSovfLq+11uq5ftkkvkbps\/fS0p8wkSLuRdXtJ95Pps65fp1OulmmXnV7Xq9PKgW\/txPCsgSj0Oan0DHmm6ja0B3keS+nZ7HomteW55I88c95Pkwb3Yo6RG7uvX\/vt9ZDXXBKWASMtx0Mo9dcu7HjynYdu65mkXQ0gl0g6IJoA0dBJ6Ec2+r1W4AEylzw09KBfXm1PWr2ynX525YKyTHRtRFdOmpwUaSsy7UVqt0uPLTL1lYc6zdYPaUN+6sWWtLwSHlYP\/qxhDPpM\/+OmQzBlG9rSDngmwbMYeBYDzyB4BiPp5fOYb4L50FFSuzYDyGt5z6VPzy1hGWgXvP7guIi0TAQERiQduupuxsaBqV\/qsc2TLMc3yBfJS\/nI2m5usdFTjl7apUukXGRdtk6XdcfR6\/bLdun98uWln5SJjL2fTLmuNkpbV30PsAd21kAOZZ+bTact7UBJPJ5H4Iugyxf9bGWd+NpmZeEIy27LcfHFl08dMRGX82Di0l2Q14GxTByYCqWuv9jnRWZ8o44t5SMzj6TrdmJXrs5jC1IuMmUjU26zclj7db7+6jGkTGSdr06JrnJdtrJOdHc60ZsczwMLR1imh7T8DaK7LcRlxyXAvHQKAqeEPPWmhbI9\/Uyr3Wm1k\/ENG1vKReo\/eiRb3c6gPOVLdJWt2yvLT6Knj7QbGXtk7PqInrxaJl\/ZQSjLpY3SNqhuyxvsgfizLLWQhJUJhLh++uEfu8\/l\/LdfOHMYgZ0\/f+FxkwVlkVh06VKXHhdlQG62rXH7HqV8Ob5B5VMuUtnokV3zS57yXfnswThlU2dcmT7qscQemfxI\/SSvlmUZ5QYhZdNG0oPqbEfeVoxrK9qMb+LPpMmFJiwTCFzO+yVTOy8E9pcfvG+HHZhvF5FYJs\/B0VN3XKmN1NlsW2lnu2Q5ly69a35lua78ci7jlC3rjaOnj3IssWmHTiafjI09einLMqVd+SB2ZWMj6zRbibzWUNrSVmSZtxm9bG\/YuMp+Um+YHKfNsv1J9WuGsLocYAeGyJDYybWlw8rUDs6CyBsVZRvD6g\/LH7XPrSqXuRhndH1FZ5cukTy2rnz2YJyyqTOqTN\/pI2n1Y6t1aejKj22YVB+US5\/kMOTuKjLl01Yp6fI3I9U1RjJt0UdB6g2To7Q1zTLXNGGVjrL78sfV5QW9\/CwIvR+y2F0y9eu8tJX8pOdJZszGlHHGFhm7MkHypLvy2YNBZcu8Uk\/dWmZnkj4j63LaKuGlxcA7RCW8P1SifIdokP7EU8\/35D\/5rReXIr1zJN0PT337VO\/M6bM9Uv2UVz8wFmM1\/sxvUskv2iHTBn1RkLGX471uCMukd++98Qv+PIAjBi2goBJMgkogCcAuOaiMwNMn6I+cN5Q+yBhji+wac5mXel3l2FK2q1zyynL0fnht7Y1\/FBTh8C9YlyDrQVqzAEEEx46f6pV47vmzvRLWfhQYo3Jdkm0UlPXpYCzGauzmh7zKtuLHWirTZYuPk6fcoiBjL8c7EmGVFRZZ37Xee3rY+PO2reBRdpAclCfwPEja6HI8+zwggVyOMbau8SUvsqzXVT62upz64IFEQIGHlN9K+OAARMPnJP+CdAn9SZOLDvNDXnzBP+YTP5aSH7vy2Oo8tkXGdUVYoyxUv1+ZHKVuXcaDk0Cr8+YlncA3njq4k5YXpHxk7MoCAgLzBgQEHroA+dhBgAcSAQUeUn4rkT6uV8kX\/MN\/XT7IWvB\/8qN35aXMIspGWFu8av6MYYu72HTzdXCnQcEubxgBeZCQDyAg8IABAgIPXZD2mxzPA\/zH16llbeiRWS82OhnU6djnWWZe5RgbYZXeuKznSHhZnfr\/uxZg6p1M0GAZzOfPrvWyI8pOaBgBeZAm6LZVmcADfB3SyrpFai56Yi1SXqlLzzsyl3KcjbBKb1zWp3kkvNxcL38wSu9aAPZZoito2UJSyCk7olmOq\/U1uQesX2pHT6xFyi916UVEI6xq1aa9w8rvB6WbBFTSs5Z10CIqR7lGUrNeicn784sIZe2sqdgqdWXYSCh16UVEI6xq1eyw9h\/Y2\/OD\/WSVPXay\/leAElCjNpQgixy1Xl1OfSjvoxwtEFVdtqXn1wN33L6351cResX\/rKtkGVvRI+t86V5vvv+beZWjbIRVeqPQBYWfzxAghXksdRzC61ocnSXgItlAeaD7TaJ+38ghpdxF2Uk58rkMB\/ch6jfMvwfEoX\/lxs+4lKMVA4kNevL66clfBJl5lWNthFV6o9Cz4ALEP4s0DvkUzfS6nF7mR085\/UJ2Qo5sSKcG8gGkAwjIbgmkS6SPJhfHA+INSqJKjJiFGCFLW613lVFnkdEIa4TV80Nkk+y2ygt33SSA6GBXVBJR106oi4CQkfqLAA9dxhm9lLUuPQja6spnXxR0jR8xBa4jxI5f7fSBWRJR5ljaEleRdZnanvxFkebqL1Ru2H3pQ42wxlg1wWNbLuB6veEVc+GegOH4QbW0C4PKTJqn3X7woMgjS3hw7C5LmD+wlWX76R685EUvZa1LD4JxynfxXEr2+GYaetrokmz9YK7yyC7IM+4aGTvp3\/8TOz4opfuhjqvEV+yRsfdrZ57t5uCDHYzzuiKs9QvLG3+aUy8gp3DGKFDXbsvDPKj8RmDu37dRRJ0NpfpP7sm0B346FxBCgBgGQT9Qlkld\/0Zh9LRP1kDEbGQJ4\/PQlMhcvr92rprNbJMeaj1GIoAQxDR0bVhjUrsIkpQeBGOST04Kv2vO98PqZy3q+I09ss4f1u485BszkvIPdpQvX19XhOXnZvyrOwcOHOhxSLkwdbrM69IFFELYf\/kbxa58Ad5lH2QTYDVKsujStecBKfPShrxaZ9sM+EkQbaaNSev6cmHSupPUCxmqW+rSWwG7Kv86tLUcpX1roZw1JiG2SLYyX3qe4Vt64xNjJVGxwXVFWCbs3zz85rHvPWIRD1wmLqCD\/HFhZ2J3s\/8ycYFPYbsahDZqW2VwjVpnM+XSXz+p7eTRAzaBlPSsJWKedZ8\/6G9qot\/9I7ISM+PEYcpalwwwtsgyL2XmURqnHVVIyoeTD33y1ds\/dGU7f90Rll3W4U997GG\/ROonlZFXflL5wGUCy3tTWfBRFtcnIuICR6pR6lqgtD1K+ZSdVHb1l35rqY\/Y6MF2klXGsOhy\/+UPtnoOox4By3pd61naonetY9nOduvGiagGxdbB559cNs5Xz6y+\/7ojLBMHv0TqR\/2Ql3+FJ78J\/3pv6fMH9y2dePnlUydePbOm6BV41QA4ucaVQiMqZSBpa8RqExfbbH+1LyYeyCYr9tuhbLLZbauOrHzglQMYJR661jM29aNrV5rcauinhGelhBiq4bfLsquKzDifXXnPObss97r0g\/tXvnndElacQtp1hcD8nPJf\/\/RPvgOWdq484KeV3Xv5tVIXzc7YfuK2hB+W875UvRjlYtHLxaTrG8rgkt4KbKY\/85rFHc4o8+7aoYxSbx7KON5kHI6A\/e6rxo2HuvywdBkL0clArA6CeKgh\/u2SSnheSogh4IOSnJAS3zj60eWT7159ZvnShfMnbCLuPP+9v+06ZxaEpf+FRElidmI7dtx+qHfp5kNn1lcOX9q198jLa5ce+f7q+RMWQfA5TpZ\/i1guFr1cTLpFLlEGQb+ASVBFcqzFJtlKSQ\/qII59mDQm8xtWruUP90Du4JBV131V1i8tJU0OQ794YbeGgXgrYy86GYjVQRAPNTLmYVKs1mSlDrL68PrxPfJWVnY\/snff3iM2DDt23vbjNhFOQzYWjbB4a0RwGHAeJyIxO7Gdyzc\/4Eh5+sLOn0dkPhVAs4ITmYHtP1s\/lEHQL2ASVJFpqwxEeQnQfiF2n8sAAAOCSURBVFIgD4O6xpQ+tlsK9u0ewzT651O+rWGnHlu9ntZ0EPrFC7v+gmmMf9w2rJvngERMjnikdjwnYAflGbrlxtsPea48XzYMnjflgkZY8cQmJMdCiAyJASJ7fdfKYURmW2tH1ltfOqErC4jAIGTGJm8aSID2kwJ5GNSdxlim1UZ2KNNqbzvb4dtB2M6xTatv8QyOd9ok7zr11EueBQRlB+U5Ac+OZ6gmKPVKNMIqvTFl3QJYCPCJ4ZPDFtfR0mLlaHnyzNqjyMwnjSGUJEYHCw\/y5xlbOTaf0FvZ\/la3vejj7\/KPmBSfgQ9fUPbsxUuPQI53rlPEv2fBM+H5UG4cNMIax1tTKOsTBCyWRbN4iAwspl3Z2qWVjSMmQkNkvR27HkdmYAiCRFB4hcKuAwQMu\/xrFea5yHNb9PGLscQd3VqISfe44tR1iGMdiGMxDWJcvIt7UG9SNMKa1HNbUM9iWtgAoVnwn374x+6zbQaBYHfmmOkbzJX9Nx0539v9SEitHBYCE1iCLJAGeVCWb\/r16QFxICYSI6Q0+xWPXL7KQEqOc+LOh6lY9CErLsVpiCnxe6XuFJVGWFN05iyaSjAgMxAkggWpCR7HTRBM7s8EliALBB34ZARjFpgCNIFK70LKdUm2GtqeNhb9Paxpjb\/2tfViI4ch66y89REHYsLVROJE3PhgFEsbuPxtnTgTb+IOfvYT93zFh6w2ZoVGWLPy9Az6ETwBYhNUIMgCQQcb5HY5CAWjwMwxlBSsYIsvkIOV5V2P07ukoK\/hgajhYfLAQPRIti7IB215D4vshxm4uW8X9ZiMuYT8jJ+9a65s8pQlg7rT2td22O6LSGsUWEOwnmB9HdlI6279xYKYgMSJuBFDiSeyHsN2pBthbYfX56BPARgIzBKCFQSvIA7s4uhdUtDv3HvwZyLpHgiw0yPBQ+M4C9Ej2brggfMAeiC9o0N2wUO88S3s5ePLdkhEblyRxl3C5bPxk+xdc2XjDz4jAzvmEvxcol4T6wTWEKwnlOtMTwzMQUiONIRGWCO5qRUa5gGBnweALFE+KPRx4YHz8A2Du5TtRE0axl3DHGIbxw+lP+n8XWLY+lwr+Y2wtmslW7\/NA80DY3ugEdbYLmsVmgeaB7bLA42wtsvzrd\/mgeaBsT3QCGtsl7UKzQPjeqCVn5YHGmFNy5OtneaB5oEt98AfAQAA\/\/9ovNPQAAAABklEQVQDAPH0lsZvaYu5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-15<\/b><span>The Soviet legend of the Korean War<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">See all flights &amp; prices<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-top:44px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Related Aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Explore more of the collection<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/spad-xiii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Successor<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SPAD S.XIII<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The powerful, sturdy two-spar SPAD that replaced the fragile Nieuport sesquiplanes in French front-line service from 1917.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Explore the encyclopedia<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-camel\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Allied Contemporary<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Sopwith Camel<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The RAF&rsquo;s most successful WWI fighter, credited with more aerial victories than any other Allied type.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Explore the encyclopedia<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-dr-1-triplane\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Adversary<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Fokker Dr.I Triplane<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The three-winged German scout of the Red Baron that the Nieuport&rsquo;s successors met over the Western Front.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Explore the encyclopedia<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rafmuseum.org.uk\/blog\/the-evolution-of-the-nieuport-fighter\/\">Royal Air Force Museum &mdash; The Evolution of the Nieuport Fighter<\/a><span>Delage&rsquo;s sesquiplane line and the single-spar lower-wing weakness<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/\">Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum &mdash; First World War aviation<\/a><span>WWI fighter development and the air war context<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/the-birth-of-military-aviation\">Imperial War Museums &mdash; The Birth of Military Aviation<\/a><span>The Fokker Scourge and the Allied response of 1916<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museeairespace.fr\/en\/\">Mus&eacute;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace, Le Bourget<\/a><span>French national collection of Nieuport and WWI aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/weapons_nieuport_17.html\">History of War &mdash; Nieuport 17<\/a><span>Specifications, service entry and the 1917 wing-strengthening order<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shuttleworth.org\/\">The Shuttleworth Collection<\/a><span>Operator of an airworthy Nieuport in the United Kingdom<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thevintageaviator.co.nz\/\">The Vintage Aviator (New Zealand)<\/a><span>Builder and operator of flying Nieuport reproductions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.key.aero\/article\/nieuport-1723-facsimile-fighter\">Key Aero &mdash; Nieuport 17\/23: Facsimile Fighter<\/a><span>The type&rsquo;s design, handling and modern replicas<\/span><\/li>\n<li>C. Shores, N. Franks &amp; R. Guest &mdash; <em>Above the Trenches<\/em><span>Reference on Allied aces and their Nieuport victories<\/span><\/li>\n<li>J. M. Bruce &mdash; <em>The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)<\/em><span>Detailed account of RFC Nieuport 17 service and armament<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div id=\"n17-lb-data\" 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el=document.getElementById(\"n17-lb-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Military Aircraft Encyclopedia &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp; Fighter &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp; Nieuport 17 Nieuport 17&ldquo;The scout that gave the Allies the edge in 1916&rdquo; Gustave Delage&rsquo;s nimble French sesquiplane &mdash; superb to see from, quick to climb and turn, and flown by half the aces of the age &mdash; with one honest flaw built into its lower wing. ~177 km\/hTop speed &middot; Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J ~5,300 mService ceiling 8.2 mWingspan 1916Entered service Photo: Albert Moreau &middot; Licence Ouverte \/ Wikimedia Commons Role Single-seat fighter \/ scoutEra World War IEngine Le Rh&ocirc;ne 9J rotary (~110 hp)Origin France &middot; Soci&eacute;t&eacute; Anonyme des &Eacute;tablissements NieuportStatus Retired (post-war service into the 1920s)Can you still fly a Nieuport 17? The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20806,"parent":15960,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20816","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nieuport 17 \u2014 History, Specs, Aces &amp; Photos | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Nieuport 17: Gustave Delage&#039;s nimble 1916 French sesquiplane fighter \u2014 the aces who flew it, its Le Rh\u00f4ne rotary and guns, and its lower-wing weakness.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\/nieuport-17\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" 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