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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Malaysia<\/div>\n<h1>Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia) was created by an act of the Federation of Malaya&rsquo;s Parliament on 2 June 1958, learned its trade flying transports and helicopters in jungle wars while the RAF and RAAF did the fighting, and has since run one of Asia&rsquo;s most mixed fleets &mdash; Russian Su-30MKMs beside American Hornets and British Hawks &mdash; while a long-promised modern fighter programme keeps slipping and 18 Korean FA-50s arrive first.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Malaysian national marking: a yellow fourteen-pointed star on a dark blue disc ringed in light blue\"><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"49\" fill=\"#3d97e8\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"38\" fill=\"#010066\"\/><polygon points=\"50.00,19.00 53.34,35.38 63.45,22.07 59.35,38.27 74.24,30.67 63.51,43.49 80.22,43.10 65.00,50.00 80.22,56.90 63.51,56.51 74.24,69.33 59.35,61.73 63.45,77.93 53.34,64.62 50.00,81.00 46.66,64.62 36.55,77.93 40.65,61.73 25.76,69.33 36.49,56.51 19.78,56.90 35.00,50.00 19.78,43.10 36.49,43.49 25.76,30.67 40.65,38.27 36.55,22.07 46.66,35.38\" fill=\"#ffcc00\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>A yellow fourteen-pointed star on a dark blue disc ringed in light blue<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>25<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1958<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Navy photo by Lieutenant Jonathan Pfaff \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Malaysia<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1958<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Kuala Lumpur<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Muhamad Norazlan Aris<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Malaysian Air Force story: a service built on loan, Konfrontasi, Flankers beside Hornets and a fighter that keeps slipping<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1934&ndash;1963: volunteers, an ordinance and a borrowed chief<\/h3>\n<p>Malaya&rsquo;s first military flyers were part-timers. Wikipedia traces the lineage to Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the Royal Air Force raised in 1934, which became the Straits Settlements Volunteer Air Force and, in 1940, the Malayan Volunteers Air Force. Independence in 1957 left the new federation without an air arm of its own. The air force&rsquo;s own history begins precisely: the Air Force Ordinance was passed by Parliament on Monday, 2 June 1958, and the next day an RAF officer, Air Commodore A.V.R. Johnstone, was appointed the first chief, charged with designing the organisation, its people and its aircraft. The first contingent transferred from the RAF in November 1958. It was, in other words, a service built on loan, and throughout the Malayan Emergency, which ran until 31 July 1960, the bombing of the communist guerrillas was done by British, Australian and New Zealand squadrons.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1963&ndash;1989: Konfrontasi, Sabres and a second insurgency<\/h3>\n<p>The Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force became Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia on 16 September 1963, the day Malaysia was formed. Its early work, the official history says, was air communications and support of operations against the communists. During Indonesia&rsquo;s Konfrontasi (January 1963 to August 1966) the air defence of Malaysia rested with the RAF; the young Malaysian service, whose first Twin Pioneer transport had been delivered on 16 January 1962, flew transport and communications. Jets came late: 20 Canadair CL-41G Tebuan light strike aircraft entered service in 1967 and ex-Australian Sabres followed with No. 11 Squadron in 1969. From 1968 to the Hat Yai peace accord of 2 December 1989 the air force flew against the revived communist insurgency on the Thai border &mdash; a war whose casualty figures remain poorly sourced.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1975&ndash;2000: Tigers, Skyhawks and the Russian gamble<\/h3>\n<p>The 1970s and 1980s brought real combat aircraft and a first lesson in over-reach. Fourteen F-5E Tiger IIs and two F-5Bs arrived in 1975, with F-5Fs and two RF-5E reconnaissance jets in 1982&ndash;83. In 1982 Malaysia bought 80 refurbished A-4 Skyhawks; only 40 were converted to the unique A-4PTM standard and the rest stayed in the United States as spares. The Skyhawks were retired in 1995. The next decade was bolder still: Malaysia bought Russian, taking 16 single-seat MiG-29Ns and two two-seaters, while hedging with eight American F\/A-18D Hornets delivered in 1997 and British Hawk 108s and 208s from 1994. The mix bought political balance; it also bought three separate supply chains.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2003&ndash;2017: Flankers, Lahad Datu and the end of the Fulcrum<\/h3>\n<p>The Su-30MKM contract of August 2003, for 18 aircraft at about US$900 million, deepened the Russian bet; the jets arrived from 2007 to 2009 and carried an offset under which Russia flew a Malaysian to the International Space Station in October 2007. The MiG-29s did not age well: two were lost in crashes in 1998 and 2004, six were retired in 2010 to cut maintenance costs and the last ten went in 2017. The air force&rsquo;s one modern combat use came in Sabah in 2013, when some 235 armed men sent by Jamalul Kiram III, a claimant to the Sultanate of Sulu, landed at Lahad Datu to press the sultanate&rsquo;s claim to eastern Sabah; the Philippine government opposed the incursion. On 5 March, three F\/A-18Ds and five Hawk 208s bombed their positions before ground forces moved in under Ops Daulat. Malaysia&rsquo;s government counted 56 militants killed; ten members of the Malaysian security forces and six civilians died.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2018&ndash;2026: availability, helicopters and the fighter that never comes<\/h3>\n<p>The last decade has been about keeping aircraft flying. In 2018 the defence minister, Mohamad Sabu, said 14 of the 18 Su-30MKMs were grounded for engine problems and spare parts; a RM2.2 billion local upgrade was completed in January 2025. The Nuri (S-61A-4) helicopter fleet, which Wikipedia links to about 95 deaths in 18 crashes since 1989, was grounded on 7 January 2020, and its replacement is being leased rather than bought. The multi-role combat aircraft programme, which has weighed the Super Hornet, Typhoon, Rafale and Gripen for well over a decade, has produced nothing; a plan to take over Kuwait&rsquo;s retired Hornets was cancelled in February 2026. What has been signed is modest and practical: 18 KAI FA-50 Block 20 light fighters in May 2023 for US$920 million, due from late 2026, two ATR 72 patrol aircraft, three Turkish Anka-S drones and new Thales radars. The honest verdict is an air force with good people and an incoherent fleet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force became Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia on 16 September 1963, the day Malaysia was formed. Its early work, the official history says, was air communications and support of operations against the communists.<cite>Royal Malaysian Air Force &middot; verified 2026-09-30<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Malaysian Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia<span class=\"gnote\">TUDM, as the official portal spells it. From 1958 to 16 September 1963 the service was the Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan (Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>2 June 1958<span class=\"gnote\">The day Parliament passed the Air Force Ordinance; celebrated as RMAF Day. Lineage to 1934 volunteer units of the RAF<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Malaysian Armed Forces<span class=\"gnote\">One of three services under the Ministry of Defence; the Sultan of Pahang holds the honorary title of Air Commodore-in-Chief, according to Wikipedia<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Kuala Lumpur<span class=\"gnote\">Markas Tentera Udara, Ministry of Defence, Jalan Padang Tembak. Subordinate commands: Air Operations, Air Education and Training, Air Support, Air Regions 1 and 2, Reserve<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Chief of Air Force<\/dt>\n<dd>Gen. Muhamad Norazlan Aris<span class=\"gnote\">Appointed 26 June 2025 as the 21st chief, succeeding Mohd Asghar Khan Goriman Khan (Wikipedia, citing the New Straits Times)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Alliances<\/dt>\n<dd>Five Power Defence Arrangements<span class=\"gnote\">With Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom since 1 November 1971; the FPDA air defence headquarters sits at Butterworth<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 15,000<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia&rsquo;s figure; no official number was found on the RMAF portal<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Su-30MKM &mdash; 18 bought<\/li>\n<li>F\/A-18D Hornet &mdash; 8 delivered, one reported lost in August 2025<\/li>\n<li>Hawk 108\/208 &mdash; about 16<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Availability, not inventory, is the problem: 14 of 18 Su-30MKMs were grounded in 2018. Hawk numbers differ between sources<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport and patrol<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>A400M Atlas &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<li>C-130H Hercules &mdash; in service, count not confirmed<\/li>\n<li>CN-235 &mdash; including three converted maritime patrol aircraft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Two ATR 72 maritime patrol aircraft are on order<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>EC725 Caracal &mdash; 12<\/li>\n<li>AW139 &mdash; leased<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Nuri was grounded in January 2020; 12 leased AW149-class helicopters are due for the air force under a 28-helicopter government lease<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>PC-7 and PC-7 Mk II<\/li>\n<li>MB-339CM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">44 PC-7 ordered from 1983 and 19 PC-7 Mk II in two batches; the PC-7s also fly with the Taming Sari display team<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Flying squadrons<\/dt>\n<dd>15<span class=\"gnote\">Nos 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 20, as listed on the official portal<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Butterworth &mdash; Hornet and Hawk; FPDA air defence HQ<\/li>\n<li>Gong Kedak &mdash; Su-30MKM<\/li>\n<li>Kuantan<\/li>\n<li>Labuan &mdash; Hawk; planned Anka-S base<\/li>\n<li>Subang<\/li>\n<li>Kuching<\/li>\n<li>Sendayan<\/li>\n<li>Jugra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The eight air bases named on the official portal<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Training bases<\/dt>\n<dd>Alor Setar and Ipoh<span class=\"gnote\">Air Force College and Air Force School respectively, per Wikipedia; not on the portal&rsquo;s list of air bases<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Air defence radar<\/dt>\n<dd>Thales Ground Master family<span class=\"gnote\">Launch customer for the GM400 in 2009; one GM400&#945; ordered in 2023 and two more in 2025. On 8 March 2014 Malaysian military primary radar tracked Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 across the peninsula until 02:22 local time<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Former RAAF base<\/dt>\n<dd>Butterworth<span class=\"gnote\">Under Royal Australian Air Force control until 1988<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Royal Malaysian Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One headquarters in Kuala Lumpur over three functional commands, two Air Regions and the Reserve, with 15 flying squadrons on the official list. <span class=\"imp\">The Su-30MKMs fly from Gong Kedak and the F\/A-18D Hornets from Butterworth; Hawks, helicopters and transports are spread from Subang on the peninsula to Labuan and Kuching on Borneo.<\/span> Where a squadron&rsquo;s base rests on Wikipedia alone, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">MN<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">General (Jeneral)<\/span><b>Muhamad Norazlan Aris<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Chief of Air Force (Panglima Tentera Udara) &middot; in office since 2025<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Air Force Headquarters<\/span><em>Markas Tentera Udara<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force Headquarters<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Markas Tentera Udara<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kuala Lumpur<\/div>\n<p>At the Ministry of Defence in Kuala Lumpur, one of three services of the Malaysian Armed Forces, over the Air Operations, Air Education and Training and Air Support commands, Air Regions 1 and 2 and the Reserve. Gen. Muhamad Norazlan Aris has been Chief of Air Force since 26 June 2025, per Wikipedia citing the New Straits Times.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>No. 12 Squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Gong Kedak<\/div>\n<p>The air force&rsquo;s Su-30MKM squadron, per Wikipedia: 18 aircraft delivered 2007&ndash;2009 from a contract of August 2003. In 2018 the defence minister said 14 of the 18 were grounded; a RM2.2 billion local upgrade was completed in January 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>No. 18 Squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Butterworth<\/div>\n<p>Malaysia&rsquo;s only Hornet squadron: eight two-seat F\/A-18Ds delivered in 1997, one lost after an engine fire on 21 August 2025. Three of them opened the strikes at Lahad Datu on 5 March 2013. Butterworth also houses the headquarters of the Five Power Defence Arrangements&rsquo; Integrated Area Defence System.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Light fighters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Nos 6 and 15 Squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Labuan and Butterworth<\/div>\n<p>Hawk 108s and 208s: No. 6 Squadron at Labuan per Wikipedia, and No. 15 at Butterworth by the Wikipedia articles on the base and the Hawk, though a third Wikipedia article puts it at Kuantan. The 18 KAI FA-50Ms due from October 2026 are to replace the Hawk and the MB-339.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Transport squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Subang<\/div>\n<p>The A400M, C-130H and CN-235 squadrons and the VIP squadron fly from the western side of Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, per Wikipedia, whose squadron numbers do not all match the official list. Two ATR 72 maritime patrol aircraft are on order.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Helicopter squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kuantan, Labuan, Butterworth and Kuching<\/div>\n<p>EC725 Caracals with No. 10 Squadron at Kuantan and No. 5 at Labuan, and leased AW139s with No. 3 at Butterworth; No. 7 Squadron is Kuching&rsquo;s resident unit. All per Wikipedia. The Nuri was grounded on 7 January 2020, and 12 leased AW149-class helicopters are due.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force College<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Kolej Tentera Udara<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Alor Setar<\/div>\n<p>At Sultan Abdul Halim Airport with No. 1 Flying Training Centre and its PC-7 Mk IIs, per Wikipedia. Alor Setar and Ipoh, home of the Air Force School, are training bases and not on the official list of air bases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Royal Malaysian Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-30MKM<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>18 contracted in August 2003 and delivered 2007&ndash;2009; how many are serviceable is not published. In 2018 the defence minister said 14 of 18 were grounded.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) F\/A-18D Hornet<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1997<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Eight delivered March&ndash;August 1997; one reported lost in an engine-fire crash on 21 August 2025 (Wikipedia). No official current count was found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lead-in trainer and light fighter<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>1994<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s Hawk article lists 4 Hawk 108 and 12 Hawk 208 (while also giving a total of 18); original order totals were not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-339\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-339\/\">Aermacchi MB-339AM and MB-339CM<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1983<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>13 MB-339AM and 8 MB-339CM delivered; the number still flying was not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7 and PC-7 Mk II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1983<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>44 PC-7 on a first order (delivered from 1983) and 19 PC-7 Mk II in two batches (from 2001 and 2007); Wikipedia gives 47 in service, a figure not dated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A400M Atlas<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic and tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Four ordered in December 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130H Hercules<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>In service per FlightGlobal (via Wikipedia); no count or delivery date was confirmed from a reachable source.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus (CASA\/IPTN) CN-235<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport and maritime patrol<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Count not confirmed; three converted to maritime surveillance aircraft were handed over in 2024 (Wikipedia).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters EC725 Caracal<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue and combat SAR helicopter<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>12 ordered in April 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo AW139<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Four leased in 2021 and four more in 2025, according to Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-60-black-hawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-60-black-hawk\/\">Sikorsky S-70A<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility and VIP helicopter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Listed in service by Wikipedia; count not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Su-30MKM<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">18<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Hawk<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:89%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">16<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">EC725<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:67%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">12<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AW139<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:44%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">8<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">F\/A-18D<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:39%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">A400M<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:22%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/kai-t-50-golden-eagle\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/kai-t-50-golden-eagle\/\">KAI FA-50 Block 20 (FA-50M)<\/a><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Announced by KAI on 24 February 2023 and signed on 23 May 2023 for US$920 million, to replace the MB-339 and Hawk. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Wikipedia gives deliveries from October 2026 to June 2027; Korea will certify their airworthiness under an agreement of 22 October 2025. KAI says Malaysia may order 18 more.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>ATR 72 MPA<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Contract with Leonardo in 2023 (US$172 million per Wikipedia&rsquo;s RMAF article); deliveries were due to begin in 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>TAI Anka-S<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Ordered at LIMA in May 2023 for maritime surveillance from Labuan; delivery was expected in February 2026. Arrival was not confirmed on an official page.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo AW149 (leased)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>The RMAF share of a 28-helicopter, 15-year, RM16 billion lease-to-own deal announced in November 2024 to replace the Nuri; the type was reported as expected, not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Royal Malaysian Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">7 types, from the Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer to the Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport and SAR helicopter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>EC725, leased AW139 and AW149<\/td>\n<td>38 S-61A-4 were built for the RMAF; some went to Army Aviation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan MiG-29N and MiG-29UB<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Air superiority fighter<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>1995&ndash;2017<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>16 MiG-29N and 2 MiG-29UB. Two lost in crashes (1998, 2004), six retired in 2010, the last ten in 2017.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II, F-5B and RF-5E Tigereye<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1975&ndash;2015<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>14 F-5E and 2 F-5B (1975), 4 F-5F (1982), 2 RF-5E (1983); the F-5Bs went to Thailand in 1982.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-4-skyhawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-4-skyhawk\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas A-4PTM and TA-4PTM Skyhawk<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack aircraft<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>1984&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td>Hawk 208<\/td>\n<td>80 refurbished A-4C\/L bought in 1982; 40 converted to the Malaysian A-4PTM standard, the rest kept in the US as spares.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-41G-5 Tebuan<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Counter-insurgency and trainer<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1967&ndash;1986<\/td>\n<td>MB-339<\/td>\n<td>20 bought.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;1974<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>15 received.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">CAC CA-27 Sabre Mk 32<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number not confirmed; five former Malaysian Sabres were among 23 given to Indonesia in 1973&ndash;1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Royal Malaysian Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">The official portal lists eight air bases, from Butterworth on the Penang shore to Labuan and Kuching on Borneo; Alor Setar is added for the Air Force College, and Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur&rsquo;s first airport, ended RMAF operations on 16 March 2018 as the air force moved to Sendayan.<\/span> Butterworth, home to Australian fighter squadrons from 1958 to 1988, still hosts an RAAF combat support squadron and maritime patrol detachment under the Five Power Defence Arrangements. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, state, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, state, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-alor-setar\" data-base=\"alor-setar\" data-x=\"active active Kolej Tentera Udara (Air Force College), Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Alor Setar<small>Air Force College<\/small><span>Kedah<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMKA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>04\/22<\/span>2,745 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 1 Flying Training Centre<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7 Mk II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-butterworth\" data-base=\"butterworth\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Butterworth, Royal Malaysian Air Force; also HQ Integrated Area Defence System (Five Power Defence Arrangements) \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/butterworth\/\">RMAF Butterworth<\/a><span>Penang (Pulau Pinang), Seberang Perai<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMKB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>18\/36<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 18 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">Boeing F\/A-18D Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 15 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 3 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Leonardo AW139 (leased)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 19 Squadron RAAF (No. 95 Wing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 92 Wing Detachment A RAAF<\/span>: <span>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 2 Squadron RAAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">GAF Canberra B.20<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 3 Squadron RAAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">CAC CA-27 Sabre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mirage-iii\/\">Dassault Mirage IIIO<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 77 Squadron RAAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">CAC CA-27 Sabre<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 75 Squadron RAAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mirage-iii\/\">Dassault Mirage IIIO<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 79 Squadron RAAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mirage-iii\/\">Dassault Mirage IIIO<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Royal Air Force Far East Air Force squadrons<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\">Hawker Hunter FGA.9 (No. 20 Sqn)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-venom\/\">de Havilland Venom (No. 45 Sqn)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-javelin\/\">Gloster Javelin FAW.9 (No. 60 Sqn)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">English Electric Canberra (Nos 45 and 81 Sqns)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gong-kedak\" data-base=\"gong-kedak\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Gong Kedak, Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Gong Kedak<span>Terengganu (postal address Jertih), on the Kelantan border<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMGK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,590 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 12 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-30MKM<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-jugra\" data-base=\"jugra\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Jugra, Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Jugra<span>Selangor<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kuantan\" data-base=\"kuantan\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Kuantan, Royal Malaysian Air Force (the RMAF provides air traffic control for the joint civil-military aerodrome) KUA\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/kuantan\/\">RMAF Kuantan<\/a><span>Pahang<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMKD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>18\/36<\/span>2,743 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 10 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Airbus Helicopters EC725 Caracal<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 19 Squadron &lsquo;Cobra&rsquo;<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">Mikoyan MiG-29N and MiG-29UB<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 17 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">Mikoyan MiG-29N<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Nos 6 and 9 Squadrons (Skyhawk)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-4-skyhawk\/\">McDonnell Douglas A-4PTM and TA-4PTM Skyhawk<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Nos 3 and 9 Squadrons (Tebuan)<\/span>: <span>Canadair CL-41G Tebuan<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>RAF and RAAF squadrons, 1935&ndash;1941<\/span>: <span>Vickers Vildebeest III (No. 36 Sqn RAF), <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-blenheim\/\">Bristol Blenheim I (Nos 60 and 62 Sqns RAF)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-beaufort\/\">Bristol Beaufort I (No. 100 Sqn RAF)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-hudson\/\">Lockheed Hudson (No. 1 Sqn RAAF)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kuching\" data-base=\"kuching\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Kuching, Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Kuching<span>Sarawak<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WBGG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>07\/25<\/span>3,780 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 7 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Leonardo AW139<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 1 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Airbus CN-235<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-labuan\" data-base=\"labuan\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Labuan, Royal Malaysian Air Force (the RMAF provides air traffic control) \">\n<td>RMAF Labuan<span>Federal Territory of Labuan<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WBKL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14\/32<\/span>2,745 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>No. 6 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No. 5 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Airbus Helicopters EC725 Caracal<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-sendayan\" data-base=\"sendayan\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Sendayan, Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Sendayan<span>Negeri Sembilan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-subang\" data-base=\"subang\" data-x=\"active active Pangkalan Udara Subang, Royal Malaysian Air Force \">\n<td>RMAF Subang<span>Selangor<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMSA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>15\/33<\/span>3,782 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Transport squadrons (Nos 2, 14, 16, 20 and others, per Wikipedia)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130H Hercules<\/a>, Airbus A400M Atlas, Airbus CN-235<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-sungai-besi\" data-base=\"sungai-besi\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RMAF Kuala Lumpur<small>Sungai Besi<\/small><span>Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur<\/span><\/td>\n<td>WMKF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2018<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Malaysian squadrons carry plain numbers &mdash; the official portal lists 15, from No. 1 to No. 20 &mdash; and the Australian and British squadrons that flew from Butterworth and Kuantan are listed too, marked as not Malaysian.<\/span> Where a squadron&rsquo;s base or aircraft rests on Wikipedia alone, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Penang (Pulau Pinang), Seberang Perai active Pangkalan Udara Butterworth, Royal Malaysian Air Force; also HQ Integrated Area Defence System (Five Power Defence Arrangements)\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/butterworth\/\">RMAF Butterworth Air Base<\/a> &middot; WMKB<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Butterworth, Royal Malaysian Air Force; also HQ Integrated Area Defence System<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 18 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">Boeing F\/A-18D Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 15 Squadron<small>Lead-in fighter training squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 3 Squadron<small>Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Leonardo AW139 (leased)<\/dd>\n<dt>No. 19 Squadron RAAF (No. 95 Wing)<small>Combat support squadron &middot; allied<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>No. 92 Wing Detachment A RAAF<small>Maritime patrol detachment &middot; allied<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 2 Squadron RAAF<small>1958&ndash;1967<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">GAF Canberra B.20<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 3 Squadron RAAF<small>1958&ndash;1986<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CAC CA-27 Sabre, Dassault Mirage IIIO<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 77 Squadron RAAF<small>&mdash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CAC CA-27 Sabre<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Pahang active Pangkalan Udara Kuantan, Royal Malaysian Air Force (the RMAF provides air traffic control for the joint civil-military aerodrome)\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/kuantan\/\">RMAF Kuantan Air Base<\/a> &middot; WMKD<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Kuantan, Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 10 Squadron<small>Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters EC725 Caracal<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 19 Squadron &lsquo;Cobra&rsquo;<small>1995&ndash;2017<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Mikoyan MiG-29N and MiG-29UB<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 17 Squadron<small>&mdash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Mikoyan MiG-29N<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Nos 6 and 9 Squadrons (Skyhawk)<small>1984&ndash;1995<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas A-4PTM and TA-4PTM Skyhawk<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Terengganu (postal address Jertih), on the Kelantan border active Pangkalan Udara Gong Kedak, Royal Malaysian Air Force\">\n<div><span>RMAF Gong Kedak &middot; WMGK<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Gong Kedak, Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 12 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-30MKM<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Selangor active Pangkalan Udara Subang, Royal Malaysian Air Force\">\n<div><span>RMAF Subang &middot; WMSA<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Subang, Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Transport squadrons (Nos 2, 14, 16, 20 and others, per Wikipedia)<small>Transport squadrons &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130H Hercules<\/a>, Airbus A400M Atlas, Airbus CN-235<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Federal Territory of Labuan active Pangkalan Udara Labuan, Royal Malaysian Air Force (the RMAF provides air traffic control)\">\n<div><span>RMAF Labuan &middot; WBKL<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Labuan, Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 6 Squadron<small>Light fighter and lead-in training squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>No. 5 Squadron<small>Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters EC725 Caracal<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Sarawak active Pangkalan Udara Kuching, Royal Malaysian Air Force\">\n<div><span>RMAF Kuching &middot; WBGG<\/span><em>Pangkalan Udara Kuching, Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 7 Squadron<small>Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Leonardo AW139<\/dd>\n<dt>No. 1 Squadron<small>Transport squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus CN-235<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Kedah active Kolej Tentera Udara (Air Force College), Royal Malaysian Air Force\">\n<div><span>RMAF Alor Setar (Air Force College) &middot; WMKA<\/span><em>Kolej Tentera Udara<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>No. 1 Flying Training Centre<small>Basic flying training &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7 Mk II<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Malaysian Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the RAF are raised, the lineage the RMAF claims; they become the Straits Settlements Volunteer Air Force and, in 1940, the Malayan Volunteers Air Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>16 June: the Malayan Emergency begins; the air war against the insurgents is flown by the RAF, RAAF and RNZAF (Operation Firedog). It is declared over on 31 July 1960.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>2 June: Parliament passes the Air Force Ordinance, creating the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force. 3 June: Air Commodore A.V.R. Johnstone (RAF) appointed first chief. November: first contingent transfers from the RAF.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>16 January: the first Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer is delivered; 15 follow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>16 September: with the formation of Malaysia the service becomes Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia. Konfrontasi with Indonesia has run since 20 January.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<p>The first jets, 20 Canadair CL-41G Tebuan, enter service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>Ex-RAAF CAC Sabres join No. 11 Squadron. 1971, 1 November: the Five Power Defence Arrangements take effect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>14 F-5E and two F-5B arrive, the first supersonic fighters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1984<\/div>\n<p>1984&ndash;1985: 40 A-4PTM Skyhawks delivered to Kuantan from 80 bought in 1982.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>The RAAF hands Butterworth to the RMAF; the FPDA air defence headquarters stays there. On 2 December 1989 the Hat Yai accord ends the communist insurgency of 1968&ndash;1989.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1997<\/div>\n<p>March&ndash;August: eight F\/A-18D Hornets delivered; Hawks (from 1994) and MiG-29Ns now in service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p>First Su-30MKMs delivered from an 18-aircraft contract of August 2003; the last arrives in August 2009.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>5 March: Hornets and Hawks bomb the Sulu intruders at Lahad Datu, Sabah, opening Ops Daulat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>The last ten MiG-29s are retired; the fourth and final A400M is delivered in March.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>7 January: the Nuri fleet is grounded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>23 May: contract for 18 KAI FA-50 Block 20; Anka-S and ATR 72 orders follow the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>26 June: Gen. Muhamad Norazlan Aris becomes the 21st chief. 21 August: an F\/A-18D crashes after an engine fire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>February: the purchase of Kuwait&rsquo;s retired Hornets is cancelled. The first FA-50s are due from October.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Royal Malaysian Air Force has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1948<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The Malayan Emergency<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1948&ndash;1960<\/span> A minor supporting role: the air campaign was flown by the RAF, RAAF and RNZAF; the new Malayan air force, formed in 1958, flew communications and support<\/li>\n<li><b>Indonesia&ndash;Malaysia confrontation<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1963&ndash;1966<\/span> Transport and communications alongside Commonwealth air forces; Malaysian air defence was provided by the RAF<\/li>\n<li><b>Communist insurgency in Malaysia<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1968&ndash;1989<\/span> Air support, transport and helicopter lift for security forces against the Malayan Communist Party&rsquo;s armed wing<\/li>\n<li><b>Lahad Datu standoff<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2013<\/span> Opened the security operation with air strikes and then provided close air support over a no-fly zone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-malaysian-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Malaysian Air Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Royal Malaysian Air Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"malaysia\" data-match=\"malaysia|\\brmaf\\b|butterworth|kuantan\" data-reject=\"Malaysia Airlines|MH370|MH17|AirAsia|Airlines\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/udara-shakti-2026-rafale-su-30mkm-malaysia-india\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph19\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-15\">15 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Rafale Meets Flanker Over Malaysia<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">For a week in mid-August, the skies over Selangor turned into a laboratory of contrasts: French delta-wing fighters flown by Indian pilots&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/malaysia-eyes-kuwaits-retired-f-a-18-hornets\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph20\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-06-01\">1 June 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Malaysia Eyes Kuwait&rsquo;s Retired F\/A-18 Hornets<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Editor&rsquo;s Update (June 2026): Malaysia&rsquo;s Cabinet officially cancelled the planned purchase of Kuwait&rsquo;s retired F\/A-18C\/D&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Royal Malaysian Air Force called in Malay?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, abbreviated TUDM, as the air force&rsquo;s official portal (airforce.mil.my) spells it. From its creation on 2 June 1958 until Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963 it was the Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan, the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force, according to the official history page.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which fighter jets does the Royal Malaysian Air Force fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Three types: 18 Russian <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30MKM<\/a> bought in 2003, eight American <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">F\/A-18D Hornets<\/a> delivered in 1997 (one reported lost in August 2025), and British <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">Hawk 208<\/a> light fighters alongside Hawk 108 trainers. Eighteen Korean <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/kai-t-50-golden-eagle\/\">FA-50 Block 20<\/a> light fighters are due from late 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When was the Royal Malaysian Air Force founded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 2 June 1958, when the Federation of Malaya&rsquo;s Parliament passed the Air Force Ordinance; the date is kept as RMAF Day. The next day an RAF officer, Air Commodore A.V.R. Johnstone, became the first chief. The service claims a lineage back to RAF auxiliary units raised in Malaya in 1934.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Malaysia fly the MiG-29?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. It took 16 single-seat MiG-29Ns and two MiG-29UB trainers, flown by No. 19 Squadron at Kuantan from the mid-1990s. Two were lost in crashes in 1998 and 2004, six were retired in 2010 to cut maintenance costs, and the last ten went in 2017. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29<\/a> page.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the air force do in the Lahad Datu standoff?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 5 March 2013 three F\/A-18D Hornets and five Hawk 208s bombed the positions of armed men who had landed near Lahad Datu, Sabah, in February on behalf of Jamalul Kiram III, a claimant to the Sultanate of Sulu. The strikes opened Ops Daulat, which ended on 24 March. Malaysia counted 56 intruders killed; ten members of the Malaysian security forces and six civilians died. The Philippine government had opposed the incursion.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why does Malaysia fly both Russian and American fighters?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Successive governments split purchases between suppliers: F-5s and Skyhawks from the United States, MiG-29s from Russia and Hornets from the United States in the 1990s, then Su-30MKMs in 2003. It spread political risk but multiplied supply chains; in 2018 the defence minister said 14 of the 18 Su-30MKMs were grounded for engine problems and a lack of spares.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Malaysia&rsquo;s plan to buy Kuwait&rsquo;s Hornets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">In 2024 Malaysia negotiated to take over Kuwait&rsquo;s F\/A-18C\/D Hornets once Kuwait received its Super Hornets, subject to US approval, as Defence Minister Mohamed Khaled Nordin said in October 2024. In February 2026 Malaysia cancelled the procurement, citing delivery delays and uncertain maintenance support, according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of the decision.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is Malaysia&rsquo;s MRCA programme?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The multi-role combat aircraft programme is the long-delayed plan to buy a modern fighter to follow the MiG-29 and eventually the Hornet. The Super Hornet, Typhoon, Rafale and Gripen have all been considered, but no contract has been signed; the cheaper FA-50 light fighter was bought first, in May 2023.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was the Nuri helicopter grounded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The RMAF grounded its Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri fleet on 7 January 2020. Wikipedia links the type to about 95 deaths in 18 crashes since 1989. Twelve EC725s ordered in 2009, leased AW139s and, under a 2024 lease, 12 AW149-class helicopters are the replacements.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are the Royal Malaysian Air Force&rsquo;s air bases?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The official portal lists eight: Butterworth, Gong Kedak, Kuantan, Labuan, Subang, Kuching, Sendayan and Jugra. Butterworth, Australian-run until 1988, also houses the Five Power Defence Arrangements air defence headquarters.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Royal Malaysian Air Force called in Malay?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, abbreviated TUDM, as the air force\\u2019s official portal (airforce.mil.my) spells it. 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The service claims a lineage back to RAF auxiliary units raised in Malaya in 1934.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Malaysia fly the MiG-29?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. It took 16 single-seat MiG-29Ns and two MiG-29UB trainers, flown by No. 19 Squadron at Kuantan from the mid-1990s. Two were lost in crashes in 1998 and 2004, six were retired in 2010 to cut maintenance costs, and the last ten went in 2017. See the MiG-29 page.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the air force do in the Lahad Datu standoff?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 5 March 2013 three F\/A-18D Hornets and five Hawk 208s bombed the positions of armed men who had landed near Lahad Datu, Sabah, in February on behalf of Jamalul Kiram III, a claimant to the Sultanate of Sulu. The strikes opened Ops Daulat, which ended on 24 March. 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The Super Hornet, Typhoon, Rafale and Gripen have all been considered, but no contract has been signed; the cheaper FA-50 light fighter was bought first, in May 2023.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was the Nuri helicopter grounded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The RMAF grounded its Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri fleet on 7 January 2020. Wikipedia links the type to about 95 deaths in 18 crashes since 1989. Twelve EC725s ordered in 2009, leased AW139s and, under a 2024 lease, 12 AW149-class helicopters are the replacements.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are the Royal Malaysian Air Force\\u2019s air bases?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The official portal lists eight: Butterworth, Gong Kedak, Kuantan, Labuan, Subang, Kuching, Sendayan and Jugra. Butterworth, Australian-run until 1988, also houses the Five Power Defence Arrangements air defence headquarters.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Royal Malaysian Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-30MKM<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) F\/A-18D Hornet<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>BAE Hawk 108 and Hawk 208<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-339\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aermacchi MB-339AM and MB-339CM<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Pilatus PC-7 and PC-7 Mk II<span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed C-130H Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-60-black-hawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph12\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sikorsky S-70A<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"im ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-29N and MiG-29UB<\/b><em>1995&ndash;2017<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\"><span class=\"im ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II, F-5B and RF-5E Tigereye<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1975&ndash;2015<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-4-skyhawk\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas A-4PTM and TA-4PTM Skyhawk<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1984&ndash;1995<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph18\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>CAC CA-27 Sabre Mk 32<\/b><em>1969&ndash;1972<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/index.php\/bm\/mengenai-kami\/tudm\/sejarah-tudm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM: Sejarah TUDM (official history page)<\/a><span>Air Force Ordinance passed by Parliament on Monday 2 June 1958; Air Commodore A.V.R. Johnstone appointed first chief on 3 June 1958; renamed Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia on 16 September 1963.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM official portal (Portal Rasmi TUDM)<\/a><span>Official name and current Chief of Air Force; news list to August 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/index.php\/bm\/mengenai-kami\/tudm\/pangkalan-udara\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM: Pangkalan Udara (list of air bases)<\/a><span>Eight air bases: Subang, Butterworth, Kuantan, Gong Kedak, Labuan, Kuching, Sendayan, Jugra.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/index.php\/bm\/mengenai-kami\/tudm\/skuadron-penerbangan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM: Skuadron Penerbangan (flying squadrons)<\/a><span>15 flying squadrons listed: Nos 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 20.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/index.php\/bm\/mengenai-kami\/tudm\/kepimpinan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM: Kepimpinan (leadership)<\/a><span>Gen. Tan Sri Dato&rsquo; Sri Haji Muhamad Norazlan bin Aris (Chief); Lt Gen. Dato&rsquo; Sri Nur Hafis bin Abdul Karim (Deputy).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.mil.my\/index.php\/en\/about-us\/rmaf\/command-headquarters\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TUDM: Command Headquarters<\/a><span>RMAF HQ at the Ministry of Defence, Jalan Padang Tembak, Kuala Lumpur; Air Operations, Air Education and Training and Air Support Commands; Air Regions 1 and 2; Reserve HQ.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2024\/10\/14\/approval-pending-kuwait-fa18jets-malaysia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: US Approval Pending Over Kuwait to Sell F\/A-18 Jets to Malaysia (14 October 2024)<\/a><span>Defence Minister Mohamed Khaled Nordin: transfer needs US approval and would follow Kuwait&rsquo;s Super Hornet deliveries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2024\/11\/20\/malaysia-rents-leonardo-helicopters\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: Malaysia Rents Leonardo Helicopters for Military (20 November 2024)<\/a><span>28 helicopters (expected AW149) on a 15-year, RM16 billion lease-to-own deal; 12 for the RMAF to replace the Nuri.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2025\/05\/23\/malaysia-thales-gm400-radar\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: Malaysia Expands Air Defense With Thales GM400&#945; Radar (23 May 2025)<\/a><span>Two more GM400&#945; radars for the RMAF after one in 2023; Malaysia was launch customer for the GM400 in 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2025\/10\/22\/south-korea-malaysia-aircraft-airworthiness\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: South Korea, Malaysia Sign Military Aircraft Airworthiness Deal (22 October 2025)<\/a><span>Mutual recognition agreement under which Korea certifies the 18 FA-50s for Malaysia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/history-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia: eAIP Malaysia, list of AIRAC issues<\/a><span>Confirms AIP AMDT 03\/26 (11 August 2026) as the issue in force when this dataset was compiled.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-1.3-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 1.3 Index to aerodromes (AIP AMDT 03\/26)<\/a><span>Sendayan, Jugra and Sungai Besi (Simpang) are not in the index.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WMKB-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WMKB Butterworth (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WMKD-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WMKD Kuantan (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WMGK-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WMGK Gong Kedak (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WMSA-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WMSA Subang \/ Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WBKL-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WBKL Labuan (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WBGG-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WBGG Kuching International (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.caam.gov.my\/aip\/eAIP\/2026-08-11\/html\/eAIP\/WM-AD-2.WMKA-en-MS.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Malaysia, AD 2 WMKA Alor Setar \/ Sultan Abdul Halim (AIP AMDT 03\/26, effective 11 August 2026)<\/a><span>Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia eAIP; aerodrome reference point, elevation, runways and operator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce.gov.au\/about-us\/bases\/overseas\/rmaf-base-butterworth\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Australian Air Force: RMAF Base Butterworth<\/a><span>Official RAAF page; Australian units at Butterworth and HQIADS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/raafansw.com\/docPDF\/RAAF_Butterworth_Malaysia.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hugh Crowther, RAF Station Butterworth Malaya 1939&ndash;1957 (RAAF Association NSW, 2014)<\/a><span>Compiled history; 1939 care-and-maintenance basis, October 1941 opening, capture on 20 December 1941, handover to the RAAF.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.malaymail.com\/news\/malaysia\/2015\/05\/23\/how-the-royal-australian-air-force-transformed-butterworth-through-music\/902337\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Malay Mail: How the Royal Australian Air Force transformed Butterworth through music (Opalyn Mok, 23 May 2015)<\/a><span>RAAF control from 30 June 1958; nearly 5,000 personnel and dependants at the 1970s peak; quotes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressandjournal.co.uk\/fp\/news\/highlands\/1852982\/raf-lossiemouth-typhoons-arrive-in-malaysia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Press and Journal: RAF Lossiemouth Typhoons arrive in Malaysia (Alistair Munro, 27 September 2019)<\/a><span>Six Typhoons of II(AC) Squadron at Butterworth for Exercise Bersama Lima 19.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.malaymail.com\/news\/malaysia\/2018\/03\/15\/kl-air-base-first-to-call-sendayan-home-says-rmaf-chief\/1599535\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Malay Mail: KL air base first to call Sendayan home, says RMAF chief (15 March 2018)<\/a><span>Relocation from Sungai Besi to the 303.5-hectare Sendayan base, due to complete in October 2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: U.S. Navy photo by Lieutenant Jonathan Pfaff \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Rizuan (talk) \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: US PACOM \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Alert5 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Piergiuliano Chesi \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: MilborneOne \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Wilfredor \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Olivier Cabaret from Paris, France \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: StVeit Maps \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: M Radzi Desa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: U.S. Air Force photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Kurt Finger \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Matthew Laird Acred \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-hero-royal-malaysian-air-force.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-my-t-101.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-my-t-102.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-my-t-103.jpg)!important}#mfam 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National markingA yellow fourteen-pointed star on a dark blue disc ringed in light blue 25Combat aircraft 9Active air bases 1958Founded 7Types [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":22996,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27870","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Royal Malaysian Air Force | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/\u7a7a\u8ecd\/royal-malaysian-air-force\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Royal Malaysian Air Force | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Malaysia Royal Malaysian Air Force Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia The Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia) was created by an act of the Federation of Malaya&rsquo;s Parliament on 2 June 1958, learned its trade flying transports and helicopters in jungle wars while the RAF and RAAF did the fighting, and has since run one of Asia&rsquo;s most mixed fleets &mdash; Russian Su-30MKMs beside American Hornets and British Hawks &mdash; while a long-promised modern fighter programme keeps slipping and 18 Korean FA-50s arrive first. 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