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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<h1>Avro<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">A.V. Roe and Company &middot; A.V. Roe &amp; Co. Ltd<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Born under a railway arch and paid for by a firm that made braces, Avro gave Britain the trainer that taught a generation to fly, the Lancaster that broke the Ruhr dams and the Vulcan that guarded the nuclear age.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1910<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\">Hawker Siddeley<\/a> in 1963<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>14<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>20<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Royal Air Force Lancaster. The wub \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1910-01-01<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Alliott Verdon Roe, Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Manchester; later Chadderton and Woodford, Greater Manchester<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\">Hawker Siddeley<\/a> in 1963<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Avro: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Under the railway arch<\/h3>\n<p>In the summer of 1909, a former ship&rsquo;s engineer was renting space under a railway arch on the Walthamstow Marshes in east London, coaxing a flimsy triplane into the air. Alliott Verdon Roe had watched albatrosses soar behind the ships of the West Africa run and decided that men could do the same. After rows with the management at Brooklands he had moved his experiments here. In July 1909 his triplane flew, and Roe became officially <span class=\"imp\">the first Englishman to fly an all-British machine<\/span>. The arch still stands in the Lee Valley Park, with a blue plaque, and the triplane he called the Avroplane hangs in London&rsquo;s Science Museum.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Kept up by Bullseye Braces<\/h3>\n<p>Money came from his younger brother. Humphrey Verdon Roe, a Boer War officer, had taken over the family webbing business in Manchester, Everard &amp; Co., whose best-selling product was Bullseye Braces. The aircraft firm was founded on 1 January 1910 at Brownsfield Mill on Great Ancoats Street, funded from the braces money, and the stock joke went that Avro biplanes were kept up by Bullseye Braces. Humphrey was managing director until 1917, when the brothers fell out and he left. He later married the birth-control campaigner Marie Stopes and was, often unacknowledged, co-founder of Britain&rsquo;s first birth-control clinic. In 1911 a young draughtsman joined the firm: Roy Chadwick.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The 504 and the trainer century<\/h3>\n<p>Avro&rsquo;s first real hit flew in September 1913. The 504 was a wood-and-fabric biplane that saw some front-line action in 1914 &mdash; four naval 504s were formed into a special flight to bomb the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshafen &mdash; but its true calling was teaching. Pilots of the Royal Flying Corps, the RAF and a dozen foreign air arms learned on it, and the RAF kept it as a trainer until 1933. Production ran for some 20 years and estimates of the total vary, from Avro&rsquo;s 8,340 to <span class=\"imp\">more than 10,000<\/span>, from works at Hamble, Failsworth, Miles Platting and Newton Heath. Few aircraft have taught so many people to fly.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Crossley, Siddeley and the Saunders-Roe exit<\/h3>\n<p>Peace was brutal. With wartime orders gone, Crossley Motors bought 68.5 per cent of Avro in 1920 for factory space to build car bodies; Avro even tried cars of its own. In 1924 flight testing moved to New Hall Farm at Woodford in Cheshire, a site that would build aircraft until 2011. In 1928 Crossley sold Avro to Armstrong Siddeley Holdings, and A.V. Roe walked out of the company bearing his initials to buy into S.E. Saunders on the Isle of Wight and form Saunders-Roe. He was knighted the next year. In 1935 Avro became part of the new Hawker Siddeley group, and Chadwick&rsquo;s Anson flew from Woodford.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Lancaster<\/h3>\n<p>Chadwick&rsquo;s Manchester bomber was a failure, its Rolls-Royce Vulture engines notoriously unreliable; 202 were built. So Avro gave it a longer wing and four Merlins. The result, first flown on 9 January 1941, was the Lancaster. It carried the heaviest bomb loads of the war, including the 22,000 lb Grand Slam, and 617 Squadron flew modified Lancasters with Barnes Wallis&rsquo;s bouncing bombs against the Ruhr dams in 1943. Lancasters flew 156,000 sorties. <span class=\"imp\">7,377 were built<\/span>, about 700 of them at the Yeadon shadow factory near Leeds, whose 17,500 workers outnumbered the town&rsquo;s 10,000 people and whose roof was camouflaged with fake fields and hedges.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The man who died in his own airliner<\/h3>\n<p>The bomber begat a family: the Lancastrian, the York transport, the Lincoln, the long-lived Shackleton and the Tudor, Britain&rsquo;s first pressurised airliner. The Tudor was Avro&rsquo;s tragedy. On 23 August 1947, the prototype Tudor 2 crashed on take-off at Woodford and killed Roy Chadwick, who was on board; investigators found the aileron controls had been incorrectly assembled. Two British South American Airways Tudor IVs, Star Tiger in 1948 and Star Ariel in 1949, vanished without trace over the Atlantic, and in 1950 a Tudor V crashed at Llandow in Wales, killing 80. Only 34 Tudors were completed. Yorks and Tudors redeemed themselves in the Berlin Airlift.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The white delta<\/h3>\n<p>Chadwick&rsquo;s last great idea outlived him. The Vulcan, a vast delta-winged nuclear bomber, first flew on 30 August 1952, painted gloss white and flown solo by Roly Falk; 134 production aircraft were assembled at Woodford. It carried Britain&rsquo;s deterrent, including Avro&rsquo;s own Blue Steel stand-off missile, and in 1982 flew the long-range Black Buck raids on the Falklands. Avro&rsquo;s last design, the 748 turboprop, flew in 1960. By then the 1957 Defence White Paper had doomed independent manufacturers, and in July 1963 Avro was absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation. The name came back once more, on British Aerospace&rsquo;s Avro RJ regional jets of 1994 to 2001.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Born under a railway arch and paid for by a firm that made braces, Avro gave Britain the trainer that taught a generation to fly, the Lancaster that broke the Ruhr dams and the Vulcan that guarded the nuclear age.<cite>Avro &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Avro in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1 January 1910<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded at Brownsfield Mill, Manchester, by Alliott and Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/li>\n<li>Owned by Crossley Motors from 1920, Armstrong Siddeley from 1928<\/li>\n<li>Part of Hawker Siddeley from 1935<\/li>\n<li>Absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation in July 1963<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Lancaster, 504, Anson, Vulcan<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Avro 504: 8,340 to more than 10,000 built, the classic trainer<\/li>\n<li>Anson: 8,138 built by Avro plus 2,882 in Canada<\/li>\n<li>Lancaster: 7,377 built, the RAF&rsquo;s main heavy bomber<\/li>\n<li>Vulcan: 134 production aircraft, the V-bomber of the nuclear deterrent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Absorbed into Hawker Siddeley, now part of BAE Systems&rsquo; lineage<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Avro name revived by British Aerospace for the Avro RJ, 1994&ndash;2001<\/li>\n<li>Woodford site used by BAE Systems until 2011&ndash;2012<\/li>\n<li>Avro Canada was a separate Hawker Siddeley subsidiary trading on the name<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">A few 504s, Tutors, Ansons and Lancasters are still kept airworthy.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Avro 504 production<\/dt>\n<dd>8,340 (Avro figure) to more than 10,000<span class=\"gnote\">1913&ndash;1932<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Lancasters built<\/dt>\n<dd>7,377<span class=\"gnote\">1941&ndash;1946<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Lancaster sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>156,000<span class=\"gnote\">1942&ndash;1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Ansons built by Avro<\/dt>\n<dd>8,138<span class=\"gnote\">to 1952<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Workers at the Yeadon shadow factory<\/dt>\n<dd>17,500<\/dd>\n<dt>Production Vulcans<\/dt>\n<dd>134<\/dd>\n<dt>Crossley Motors stake<\/dt>\n<dd>68.5%<span class=\"gnote\">1920<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Years of existence<\/dt>\n<dd>53<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Avro aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro 504<\/b><em>Trainer &middot; first flight September 1913 &middot; 8,340 to more than 10,000 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Tutor<\/b><em>Trainer &middot; first flight September 1929<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Anson<\/b><em>Reconnaissance, trainer, transport &middot; first flight 24 March 1935 &middot; 11,020 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Lancaster<\/b><em>Heavy bomber &middot; first flight 9 January 1941 &middot; 7,377 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-shackleton\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Shackleton<\/b><em>Maritime patrol, airborne early warning &middot; first flight 9 March 1949 &middot; 185 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-vulcan\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Vulcan<\/b><em>Strategic bomber &middot; first flight 30 August 1952 &middot; 136 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Avro 504. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); SDASM Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions); Andre Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); U.S. Air Force &#183; Public domain; Royal Air Force Shackleton MR1\/MR2\/MR3\/AEW2. RAF \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Ozzy Delaney &#183; CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Roe I Triplane<\/td>\n<td>Experimental aircraft<\/td>\n<td>July 1909<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First all-British powered flight; preserved in the Science Museum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro 500 (Type E)<\/td>\n<td>Trainer \/ scout<\/td>\n<td>March 1912<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Avro built in quantity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\">Avro 504<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td>September 1913<\/td>\n<td>8,340 to more than 10,000<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>RAF trainer until 1933<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Avian<\/td>\n<td>Light aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1926<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bert Hinkler flew one solo from Croydon to Darwin in 15&#189; days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Tutor<\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td>September 1929<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>381 Tutors and 15 Sea Tutors ordered by the RAF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Anson<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance, trainer, transport<\/td>\n<td>24 March 1935<\/td>\n<td>11,020<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>8,138 by Avro plus 2,882 by Federal Aircraft in Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Manchester<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>25 July 1939<\/td>\n<td>202<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\">Avro Lancaster<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>9 January 1941<\/td>\n<td>7,377<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dambusters raid 1943; carried the 22,000 lb Grand Slam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro York<\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>5 July 1942<\/td>\n<td>258<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Berlin Airlift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Lincoln<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>9 June 1944<\/td>\n<td>604<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Also built in Australia; one completed in Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro Tudor<\/td>\n<td>Pressurised airliner<\/td>\n<td>14 June 1945<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Britain&rsquo;s first pressurised airliner; Star Tiger and Star Ariel lost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-shackleton\/\">Avro Shackleton<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol, airborne early warning<\/td>\n<td>9 March 1949<\/td>\n<td>185<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Served the RAF until 1991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-vulcan\/\">Avro Vulcan<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>30 August 1952<\/td>\n<td>136<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Two prototypes plus 134 production aircraft; Black Buck raids 1982<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avro 748<\/td>\n<td>Turboprop airliner<\/td>\n<td>24 June 1960<\/td>\n<td>380<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Total includes Hawker Siddeley and HAL production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Avro aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">20 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Avro types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/argentine-air-force\/\">Argentine Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Lincoln, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-naval-and-army-aviation\/\">Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Anson Mk V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/chilean-air-force\/\">Chilean Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504, Bl&#233;riot XI, Bristol M.1C, DH.9 and SE5a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/chilean-naval-aviation\/\">Chilean Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504 (seaplane)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/estonian-air-force\/\">Estonian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Anson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-naval-aviation\/\">French Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Lancaster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/guatemalan-air-force\/\">Guatemalan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro 504K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/iraqi-air-force\/\">Iraqi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Anson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/irish-air-corps\/\">Irish Air Corps<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro 652A Anson I and Anson C.19, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504K<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lithuanian-air-force\/\">Lithuanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro 626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/mexican-air-force\/\">Mexican Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504K\/J and Avro An&#225;huac<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-vulcan\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Vulcan B1\/B2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-shackleton\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Shackleton MR1\/MR2\/MR3\/AEW2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-australian-air-force\/\">Royal Australian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro Lincoln, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster<\/a>, Avro Anson, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster Mk.X<\/a>, Avro Anson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-new-zealand-air-force\/\">Royal New Zealand Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504K<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-thai-naval-air-division\/\">Royal Thai Naval Air Division<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Avro 504N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-shackleton\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Shackleton MR.3<\/a>, Avro Tutor, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504K and 504N<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-naval-air-arm\/\">Spanish Naval Air Arm<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Aeron&#225;utica Naval seaplanes and landplanes (Macchi M.18, Supermarine Scarab, Savoia S.16, Dornier Wal, Avro 504K, Martinsyde F.6 and others)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/uruguayan-air-force\/\">Uruguayan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-504\/\" class=\"was\">Avro 504K<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Avro built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Brownsfield Mill<\/b> &middot; Great Ancoats Street, Manchester &mdash; Birthplace of the company, 1910<\/li>\n<li><b>Woodford Aerodrome<\/b> &middot; Woodford, Cheshire (Greater Manchester) &mdash; Flight test and assembly from 1924; Anson and Vulcan; used by BAE Systems until 2011<\/li>\n<li><b>Chadderton<\/b> &middot; Chadderton, Oldham &mdash; Main Lancaster production with Woodford; home of Avro F.C.<\/li>\n<li><b>Yeadon shadow factory<\/b> &middot; next to Leeds Bradford Airport &mdash; About 700 Lancasters; 17,500 workers; roof camouflaged as fields<\/li>\n<li><b>Hamble<\/b> &middot; Hampshire &mdash; One of the 504 production sites<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Sir Alliott Verdon Roe<\/b> &middot; co-founder &mdash; First Englishman to fly an all-British machine, 1909; left 1928 to form Saunders-Roe; knighted 1929<\/li>\n<li><b>Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/b> &middot; co-founder, managing director to 1917 &mdash; Financed Avro from the Bullseye Braces business; husband of Marie Stopes<\/li>\n<li><b>Roy Chadwick<\/b> &middot; chief designer from 1918 &mdash; Designed the Anson, Lancaster and York, conceived the Vulcan; killed in the Tudor 2 crash, 1947<\/li>\n<li><b>Roly Falk<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the Vulcan prototype on its first flight, 1952<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>First all-British powered flight, A.V. Roe, Walthamstow Marshes, July 1909<\/li>\n<li>World&rsquo;s first aircraft with enclosed crew accommodation, Avro Type F and Type G, 1912<\/li>\n<li>Lancaster carried the heaviest bomb loads of the Second World War, including the 22,000 lb Grand Slam<\/li>\n<li>Shackleton held the record for longest active RAF service, 39 years, until 1998<\/li>\n<li>Bert Hinkler&rsquo;s solo flight from England to Australia in an Avro Avian, 15&#189; days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Avro, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">July 1909<\/div>\n<p>A.V. Roe&rsquo;s triplane makes the first all-British powered flight at Walthamstow Marshes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1 January 1910<\/div>\n<p>A.V. Roe and Company founded at Brownsfield Mill, Manchester<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1912<\/div>\n<p>Type F, first aircraft with enclosed crew accommodation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">September 1913<\/div>\n<p>Avro 504 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>Humphrey Verdon Roe leaves the company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">August 1920<\/div>\n<p>Crossley Motors acquires 68.5% of the shares<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>Flight testing moves to Woodford<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Avro sold to Armstrong Siddeley; A.V. Roe leaves to form Saunders-Roe<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>Avro becomes a subsidiary of Hawker Siddeley; Anson first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">9 January 1941<\/div>\n<p>Lancaster first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">16&ndash;17 May 1943<\/div>\n<p>617 Squadron Lancasters attack the Ruhr dams (Operation Chastise)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">23 August 1947<\/div>\n<p>Roy Chadwick killed in the Tudor 2 prototype crash at Woodford<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>Yorks and Tudors fly in the Berlin Airlift<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">30 August 1952<\/div>\n<p>Vulcan prototype first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">24 June 1960<\/div>\n<p>Avro 748 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">July 1963<\/div>\n<p>Avro absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation; name dropped<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>Vulcans fly the Black Buck raids in the Falklands War<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>British Aerospace revives the name for the Avro RJ regional jets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Avro<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker Siddeley<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Parent from 1935; Avro absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation in July 1963<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker Siddeley page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Avro<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What does Avro stand for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It comes from the founder&rsquo;s initials, A.V. Roe &mdash; Alliott Verdon Roe, who set up A.V. Roe and Company with his brother Humphrey in Manchester in 1910.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Avro Lancasters were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">7,377, between 1941 and 1946, by Avro and other firms including Metropolitan-Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth and Victory Aircraft in Canada.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Avro?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Avro joined the Hawker Siddeley group in 1935 and was absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation in July 1963, after which the name was dropped. Through Hawker Siddeley and British Aerospace its lineage leads to BAE Systems.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who designed the Lancaster?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Avro chief designer Roy Chadwick, who developed it from the twin-engined Manchester. He was killed in 1947 testing the Avro Tudor 2.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was Avro Canada part of Avro?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not exactly. A.V. Roe Canada was set up by the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1945 from Victory Aircraft in Ontario and used the Avro name for trading.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does Avro stand for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It comes from the founder\\u2019s initials, A.V. Roe \\u2014 Alliott Verdon Roe, who set up A.V. Roe and Company with his brother Humphrey in Manchester in 1910.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Avro Lancasters were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"7,377, between 1941 and 1946, by Avro and other firms including Metropolitan-Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth and Victory Aircraft in Canada.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Avro?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Avro joined the Hawker Siddeley group in 1935 and was absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation in July 1963, after which the name was dropped. Through Hawker Siddeley and British Aerospace its lineage leads to BAE Systems.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who designed the Lancaster?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Avro chief designer Roy Chadwick, who developed it from the twin-engined Manchester. He was killed in 1947 testing the Avro Tudor 2.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was Avro Canada part of Avro?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not exactly. A.V. Roe Canada was set up by the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1945 from Victory Aircraft in Ontario and used the Avro name for trading.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Avro<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alliott_Verdon_Roe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Alliott Verdon Roe (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphrey_Verdon_Roe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Humphrey Verdon Roe (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Lancaster\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Lancaster (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Vulcan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Vulcan (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Anson\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Anson (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_504\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro 504 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Manchester\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Manchester (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_York\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro York (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Lincoln\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Lincoln (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Shackleton\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Shackleton (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_748\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro 748 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Avian\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Avian (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Tutor\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Avro Tutor (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roy_Chadwick\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Roy Chadwick (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f44.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f69.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-za-t-349.jpg)!important}#mfam 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Roe and Company &middot; A.V. Roe &amp; Co. Ltd Born under a railway arch and paid for by a firm that made braces, Avro gave Britain the trainer that taught a generation to fly, the Lancaster that broke the Ruhr dams and the Vulcan that guarded the nuclear age. 1910Founded Merged into Hawker Siddeley in 1963Status 14Aircraft on record 20Air forces flying its types Royal Air Force Lancaster. The wub \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) CountryUnited KingdomFounded1910-01-01FoundersAlliott Verdon Roe, Humphrey Verdon RoeHeadquartersManchester; later Chadderton and Woodford, Greater ManchesterStatusMerged into Hawker Siddeley in 1963 Share The story Avro: the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31638","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Avro | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\/avro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Avro | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; United Kingdom Avro A.V. Roe and Company &middot; A.V. Roe &amp; Co. Ltd Born under a railway arch and paid for by a firm that made braces, Avro gave Britain the trainer that taught a generation to fly, the Lancaster that broke the Ruhr dams and the Vulcan that guarded the nuclear age. 1910Founded Merged into Hawker Siddeley in 1963Status 14Aircraft on record 20Air forces flying its types Royal Air Force Lancaster. 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