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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Russia<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"mlogo\"><span class=\"li ph2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Tupolev logo\" style=\"width:200px;height:39px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Tupolev<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">&#1058;&#1091;&#1087;&#1086;&#1083;&#1077;&#1074; &middot; OKB-156 &middot; ANTK imeni A. N. Tupoleva<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Founded on a date its founder picked himself, Tupolev built the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft of the 1930s, designed a bomber in a prison camp, copied the B-29, and flew the first supersonic airliner.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1922<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>25<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>22<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo (Tu-16 in a museum shown): parfaits \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Russia<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1922-10-22<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Andrei Tupolev<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Basmanny District, Moscow<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>United Aircraft Corporation (since 2006), part of Rostec<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Tupolev: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A birthday chosen later<\/h3>\n<p>Tupolev&rsquo;s official birthday is a choice. In 1922 a commission for building metal aircraft was set up at Moscow&rsquo;s TsAGI aerodynamic institute under Andrei Tupolev, a prot&#233;g&#233; of the aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky. Twenty-five years later, on the eve of the bureau&rsquo;s jubilee, Tupolev himself <span class=\"imp\">proposed 22 October 1922<\/span> as the date to celebrate, and it stuck. The team had started small, with aerosleds and a wooden glider boat, and its first aeroplane, the little ANT-1, flew on 21 October 1923. What followed was 50 years under one man and, by the company&rsquo;s count, more than 300 projects, about 90 built and more than 18,000 aircraft produced by Soviet factories.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Giants in corrugated metal<\/h3>\n<p>Tupolev learned from Hugo Junkers. His early aircraft were all-metal, skinned in corrugated duralumin, starting with the ANT-2 of 1924. The TB-1 twin-engined bomber of 1925 was among the most advanced of its day, and the four-engined TB-3 that grew from it was built 818 times; in 1937 one landed at the North Pole. Then came the ANT-20 Maxim Gorky, with eight engines and a 63-metre wing, <span class=\"imp\">the largest aircraft in the world<\/span> in the 1930s and the flagship of a propaganda squadron. On 18 May 1935 an escorting I-5 fighter looped around it, struck it, and both fell into a Moscow suburb. Forty-five people died.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Over the Pole<\/h3>\n<p>The bureau&rsquo;s most famous record aircraft looked almost delicate: the single-engined ANT-25, with a wing built for range. In July 1936 Valery Chkalov, Georgy Baydukov and Alexander Belyakov flew it 9,374 km from Moscow to an island near the mouth of the Amur. On 18&ndash;20 June 1937 the same crew <span class=\"imp\">flew over the North Pole to America<\/span>, running short of fuel and landing at Vancouver, Washington. Three weeks later Mikhail Gromov, Andrey Yumashev and Sergey Danilin went further, 11,500 km in 62 hours and 17 minutes, ending in a dairy pasture near San Jacinto, California. Chkalov&rsquo;s ANT-25 was displayed at the 1939 New York World&rsquo;s Fair.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The designer in the sharashka<\/h3>\n<p>By then its designer was in prison. On 21 October 1937, at the height of the Great Purge, Tupolev was arrested with Vladimir Petlyakov and the whole TsAGI leadership on invented charges of sabotage and espionage. Many colleagues were shot. Tupolev was sent in 1939 to an NKVD sharashka, a prison design office, which became known as <span class=\"imp\">Tupolevka<\/span> after its best-known inmate. Sentenced to ten years in 1940, he designed there the twin-engined Tu-2, which first flew on 29 January 1941 and became one of the best Soviet front-line bombers; 2,257 were built. He was released in July 1941 to do defence work, but not fully rehabilitated until 1955.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Copying the Superfortress<\/h3>\n<p>The post-war Soviet Union needed a strategic bomber at once, and in 1944 three repairable American B-29s had fallen into its hands after emergency landings. The order was to copy them. Tupolev&rsquo;s team did, re-engineering the design for metric sheet metal, Soviet engines and weapons; the Tu-4 flew on 19 May 1947 and 847 were built. From that base came the swept-wing Tu-16 and, in 1952, the Tu-95, with four huge turboprops whose propeller tips go supersonic, making it <span class=\"imp\">one of the loudest military aircraft<\/span>. A Tu-95 dropped the Tsar Bomba in 1961. Bears still fly; Ukraine&rsquo;s Operation Spiderweb destroyed several on their airfields on 1 June 2025.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Aeroflot&rsquo;s jet age<\/h3>\n<p>The Tu-16 bomber also became an airliner. The Tu-104 entered Aeroflot service on 15 September 1956 and, after the British Comets were grounded, was for two years <span class=\"imp\">the only jetliner flying anywhere<\/span>. The Tu-95 begat the Tu-114, still the fastest turboprop airliner ever built, and the Tu-124 of 1960 was the first turbofan airliner built in series. Then came the Tu-134 and the trijet Tu-154, 1,026 of which carried half of all Aeroflot passengers in 1990. On 10 April 2010 a Polish Air Force Tu-154 crashed in fog at Smolensk, killing all 96 on board, among them President Lech Kaczy&#324;ski; investigators found no technical fault.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Supersonic, and after<\/h3>\n<p>Andrei Tupolev&rsquo;s son Alexei led the bureau&rsquo;s most ambitious airliner, the Tu-144. Rushed to meet a five-year-old government deadline, it <span class=\"imp\">flew on 31 December 1968<\/span>, two months before Concorde. On 3 June 1973 the first production aircraft broke up during a display at the Paris Air Show, killing six crew and eight people on the ground in Goussainville. Passenger service lasted just 55 flights, ending in June 1978. The Tu-160 bomber of 1981 set 44 world records. Tupolev joined United Aircraft Corporation in 2006 and has been sanctioned since 2022; its Kazan plant delivered only one new Tu-214 in 2025 against far bigger state targets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Founded on a date its founder picked himself, Tupolev built the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft of the 1930s, designed a bomber in a prison camp, copied the B-29, and flew the first supersonic airliner.<cite>Tupolev &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Tupolev in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1922<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Grew from a metal-aircraft commission at TsAGI in Moscow, led by Andrei Tupolev<\/li>\n<li>Led by Andrei Tupolev until his death in 1972, then by his son Alexei<\/li>\n<li>Joint-stock company from 1999; part of United Aircraft Corporation since 2006<\/li>\n<li>Branches: Kazan Aviation Plant, Zhukovsky flight test base, Samara and Ulyanovsk design offices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Bombers and airliners<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Famous types: TB-3, ANT-25, Tu-2, Tu-4, Tu-16, Tu-95, Tu-104, Tu-134, Tu-144, Tu-154, Tu-22M, Tu-160<\/li>\n<li>More than 18,000 aircraft built to Tupolev designs<\/li>\n<li>Tu-154: 1,026 built, the standard Soviet airliner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Part of UAC<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Builds the Tu-214 airliner and Tu-160M bomber at Kazan<\/li>\n<li>Supports the Tu-95MS, Tu-22M3 and Tu-160 bomber fleets<\/li>\n<li>Under EU, US and other sanctions since 2022<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Tu-214 output has repeatedly missed state targets: one new aircraft was delivered in 2025.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft built to Tupolev designs<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 18,000<\/dd>\n<dt>Projects<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 300, about 90 built, more than 50 in series production<\/dd>\n<dt>World records<\/dt>\n<dd>about 280 (company history); 78 on aircraft designed under Andrei Tupolev<\/dd>\n<dt>Tu-154 built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,026<\/dd>\n<dt>Tu-16 built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,509<\/dd>\n<dt>Tu-160 records<\/dt>\n<dd>44 world records<span class=\"gnote\">1989&ndash;1990<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Tu-214 deliveries<\/dt>\n<dd>1 new aircraft<span class=\"gnote\">2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Tupolev aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-2<\/b><em>Front-line bomber &middot; first flight 1941 &middot; 2,257 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tupolev-tu-4\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-4<\/b><em>Strategic bomber &middot; first flight 1947 &middot; 847 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-16<\/b><em>Medium bomber &middot; first flight 1952 &middot; 1,509 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-95<\/b><em>Strategic bomber &middot; first flight 1952 &middot; more than 500 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-22<\/b><em>Supersonic bomber &middot; first flight 1959 &middot; 311 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-134<\/b><em>Short-range airliner &middot; first flight 1963 &middot; 854 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-154<\/b><em>Medium-range airliner &middot; first flight 1968 &middot; 1,026 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-22M<\/b><em>Supersonic swing-wing bomber &middot; first flight 1969 &middot; 497 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph10\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-143<\/b><em>Reconnaissance drone &middot; first flight 1970 &middot; 950 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-160-blackjack\/\"><span class=\"im ph11\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-160<\/b><em>Supersonic strategic bomber &middot; first flight 1981 &middot; about 41 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Zala &#183; CC BY-SA 4.0; calflier001 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0); public domain; parfaits \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); U.S. Navy &#183; Public domain; Steelhead 2010 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0); Oleg V. Belyakov &#8211; AirTeamImages \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); George Chernilevsky \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); Andrey Belenko &#183; CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev ANT-2<\/td>\n<td>Light passenger aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1924<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Early all-metal Tupolev design in corrugated duralumin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev TB-1 (ANT-4)<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>218<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Twin-engined all-metal bomber, among the most advanced of its time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev ANT-9<\/td>\n<td>Airliner<\/td>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>about 100<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Early Tupolev passenger aircraft; in service until 1945<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev TB-3 (ANT-6)<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>818<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Four-engined; one landed at the North Pole in 1937<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev ANT-20 Maxim Gorky<\/td>\n<td>Propaganda aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Largest aircraft in the world in the 1930s; first example lost in a 1935 mid-air collision<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev ANT-25<\/td>\n<td>Long-range record aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flew Moscow to the USA over the North Pole in 1937<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev SB (ANT-40)<\/td>\n<td>Fast bomber<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>6,656<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Most-produced Tupolev type; Spain retired its last in 1950<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Front-line bomber<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>2,257<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Designed while Tupolev was a prisoner in an NKVD sharashka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tupolev-tu-4\/\">Tupolev Tu-4<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1947<\/td>\n<td>847<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reverse-engineered copy of the Boeing B-29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\">Tupolev Tu-16<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td>1,509<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Still built and flown in China as the Xian H-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-95<\/td>\n<td>Strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td>more than 500<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Contra-rotating turboprops; dropped the Tsar Bomba in 1961<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-104<\/td>\n<td>Jet airliner<\/td>\n<td>1955<\/td>\n<td>201<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Only jetliner in regular service worldwide from 1956 to 1958<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-114<\/td>\n<td>Long-range turboprop airliner<\/td>\n<td>1957<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fastest turboprop airliner ever built<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\">Tupolev Tu-22<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Supersonic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1959<\/td>\n<td>311<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Libya flew the last examples into the early 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-124<\/td>\n<td>Short-range airliner<\/td>\n<td>1960<\/td>\n<td>164<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First turbofan airliner built in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-28<\/td>\n<td>Long-range interceptor<\/td>\n<td>1961<\/td>\n<td>198<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range interceptor for the Soviet air defence forces; retired in 1990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-134<\/td>\n<td>Short-range airliner<\/td>\n<td>1963<\/td>\n<td>854<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Still in limited use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-142<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1968<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine development of the Tu-95; India retired its fleet in 2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-144<\/td>\n<td>Supersonic airliner<\/td>\n<td>1968<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First supersonic transport to fly; 55 passenger flights<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-154<\/td>\n<td>Medium-range airliner<\/td>\n<td>1968<\/td>\n<td>1,026<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carried half of Aeroflot&rsquo;s passengers in 1990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-22M<\/td>\n<td>Supersonic swing-wing bomber<\/td>\n<td>1969<\/td>\n<td>497<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range strike and maritime bomber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-143<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td>1970<\/td>\n<td>950<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built by Tupolev&rsquo;s K department for unmanned aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-160-blackjack\/\">Tupolev Tu-160<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Supersonic strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1981<\/td>\n<td>about 41<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nicknamed White Swan; new-build Tu-160M2 under way at Kazan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-204 \/ Tu-214<\/td>\n<td>Medium-range airliner<\/td>\n<td>1989<\/td>\n<td>89 by 2015<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Russian-parts Tu-214 certified in December 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-334<\/td>\n<td>Regional airliner<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Cancelled after two prototypes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Tupolev aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">22 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Tupolev types. <span class=\"imp\">5 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-aerospace-forces\/\">Russian Aerospace Forces<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-160-blackjack\/\">Tupolev Tu-160 and Tu-160M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\">Tupolev Tu-95MS\/MSM<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tupolev Tu-22M3\/M3M<\/a>, Tupolev Tu-214R, Tupolev Tu-134, Tu-154 and Ilyushin Il-62M, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-160-blackjack\/\">Tupolev Tu-160M (new build)<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/\">Russian Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-142M3\/MR\/MK\/MZ, Tupolev Tu-134 (including Tu-134UB-L)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22M2\/M3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16 (Tu-16KS, Tu-16K-10 and others)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22P<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-95RTs<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/kazakh-air-defense-forces\/\">Kazakh Air Defense Forces<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-154 and Tu-134<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-95 Bear<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Xian Y-7, Shijiazhuang Y-5 and Tupolev Tu-154M<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tupolev-tu-4\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-4 and KJ-1<\/a>, Lavochkin La-11 and Tupolev Tu-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/tajik-air-force\/\">Tajik Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-134AK<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-and-air-defence-forces-of-the-republic-of-belarus\/\">Air Force and Air Defence Forces of the Republic of Belarus<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22M3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16A<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/armenian-air-force\/\">Armenian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-134 and Tu-154<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bulgarian-air-force\/\">Bulgarian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/egyptian-air-force\/\">Egyptian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26, Tupolev Tu-134A, Tu-154M, Ilyushin Il-62M and Let L-410<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/hungarian-air-force\/\">Hungarian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indian-naval-air-arm\/\">Indian Naval Air Arm<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-142MK-E<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indonesian-air-force\/\">Indonesian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16, Tu-16KS-1 and Tu-16R<\/a>, Tupolev Tu-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/iraqi-air-force\/\">Iraqi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/korean-peoples-army-air-force\/\">Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/libyan-air-force\/\">Libyan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22A\/B and Tu-22UD<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/moldovan-air-force\/\">Moldovan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-134<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-naval-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Naval Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-154M, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/romanian-air-force\/\">Romanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-2\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-cambodian-air-force\/\">Royal Cambodian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-24 and Tupolev Tu-134<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ukrainian-air-force\/\">Ukrainian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-160-blackjack\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-160<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-95MS and Tu-95M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22M2 and Tu-22M3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16<\/a>, Tupolev Tu-134 and 1 more<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Tupolev built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Kazan Aviation Plant named after S. P. Gorbunov (KAPO)<\/b> &middot; Kazan, Tatarstan &mdash; Tupolev branch; builds the Tu-214 and Tu-160; has built more than 18,000 aircraft of 34 types<\/li>\n<li><b>Zhukovsky flight test and development base<\/b> &middot; Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast &mdash; Tupolev branch where prototypes such as the Tu-144 first flew<\/li>\n<li><b>Samara and Ulyanovsk design branches<\/b> &middot; Samara and Ulyanovsk &mdash; Design offices supporting series production<\/li>\n<li><b>360th Aircraft Repair Plant<\/b> &middot; Ryazan &mdash; Under Tupolev management since 2018<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Andrei Tupolev<\/b> &middot; founder and general designer, 1922&ndash;1972 &mdash; Imprisoned 1937&ndash;1941; three times Hero of Socialist Labour; Vnukovo airport named after him in 2018<\/li>\n<li><b>Alexei Tupolev<\/b> &middot; son of the founder, chief designer of the Tu-144 &mdash; Led the company until his death in 2001<\/li>\n<li><b>Vladimir Petlyakov<\/b> &middot; engineer &mdash; Arrested with Tupolev in 1937<\/li>\n<li><b>Valery Chkalov<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the ANT-25 over the North Pole to the USA in 1937<\/li>\n<li><b>Mikhail Gromov<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; First flew the ANT-25 in 1933; flew it Moscow to San Jacinto in 1937<\/li>\n<li><b>Igor Shevchuk<\/b> &middot; president and general designer, 2001&ndash;2009 &mdash; Died in 2011<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Largest aircraft in the world in the 1930s, ANT-20 Maxim Gorky (t4)<\/li>\n<li>Moscow to Vancouver, Washington, non-stop over the North Pole, ANT-25, 18&ndash;20 June 1937 (t5)<\/li>\n<li>Moscow to San Jacinto, California, 11,500 km in 62 hours 17 minutes, ANT-25, 12&ndash;14 July 1937 (t5)<\/li>\n<li>Only jetliner in regular service worldwide, Tu-104, 1956&ndash;1958 (t12)<\/li>\n<li>Fastest turboprop airliner ever built, Tu-114 (t1)<\/li>\n<li>First supersonic transport to fly, Tu-144, 31 December 1968; first commercial transport past Mach 2, 26 May 1970 (t17)<\/li>\n<li>Most powerful nuclear device ever detonated dropped by a modified Tu-95, 30 October 1961 (t11)<\/li>\n<li>44 world speed records in its weight class, Tu-160, 1989&ndash;1990 (t21)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Tupolev, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1922<\/div>\n<p>Date later chosen by Andrei Tupolev as the bureau&rsquo;s founding; metal aircraft commission at TsAGI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>First Tupolev aircraft, the ANT-1, flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>All-metal ANT-2 first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1930<\/div>\n<p>TB-3 four-engined bomber first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>ANT-20 Maxim Gorky, the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft, first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>Maxim Gorky destroyed in a mid-air collision over Moscow; 45 killed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>Chkalov&rsquo;s ANT-25 lands in Vancouver, Washington, after crossing the North Pole<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>Andrei Tupolev arrested in the Great Purge<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Tu-2, designed in prison, first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Tu-4 B-29 copy first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Tu-95 strategic bomber first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>Tu-104 enters Aeroflot service<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>Tu-95 drops the Tsar Bomba<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>Tu-144 becomes the first supersonic airliner to fly<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1972<\/div>\n<p>Andrei Tupolev dies; son Alexei leads the bureau<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>Tu-144 crashes at the Paris Air Show<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>Tu-160 first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>Joins United Aircraft Corporation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>Polish Air Force Tu-154 crashes at Smolensk, killing President Kaczy&#324;ski and 95 others<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>Operation Spiderweb destroys several Tu-95MS bombers on the ground<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Tupolev<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who founded Tupolev?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Andrei Tupolev, a student of the Russian aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky. The company dates itself to 22 October 1922, a date Tupolev himself proposed on the eve of the bureau&rsquo;s 25th anniversary, and he led it until his death in 1972.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Tu-4 a copy of the B-29?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. In 1944 several B-29s made emergency landings in Soviet territory and were interned. Tupolev&rsquo;s bureau reverse-engineered them, adapting the design to metric materials and Soviet engines. The Tu-4 first flew on 19 May 1947 and 847 were built.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Tu-144 fly before Concorde?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The Tu-144 first flew on 31 December 1968, two months before Concorde, and went supersonic in June 1969. It made only 55 passenger flights before passenger service ended in 1978.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Tupolev still making aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Tupolev is part of United Aircraft Corporation and builds the Tu-214 airliner and the Tu-160M bomber at its Kazan plant, though Tu-214 output has fallen far short of state targets.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was Andrei Tupolev imprisoned?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">He was arrested on 21 October 1937 during Stalin&rsquo;s Great Purge on fabricated charges of sabotage and espionage. He worked in a prison design bureau, where he designed the Tu-2 bomber, and was released in July 1941.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many aircraft has Tupolev built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">More than 18,000 aircraft have been built to Tupolev designs, most of them by Soviet series factories rather than the bureau itself.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who founded Tupolev?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Andrei Tupolev, a student of the Russian aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky. The company dates itself to 22 October 1922, a date Tupolev himself proposed on the eve of the bureau\\u2019s 25th anniversary, and he led it until his death in 1972.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Tu-4 a copy of the B-29?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. In 1944 several B-29s made emergency landings in Soviet territory and were interned. Tupolev\\u2019s bureau reverse-engineered them, adapting the design to metric materials and Soviet engines. The Tu-4 first flew on 19 May 1947 and 847 were built.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Tu-144 fly before Concorde?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The Tu-144 first flew on 31 December 1968, two months before Concorde, and went supersonic in June 1969. It made only 55 passenger flights before passenger service ended in 1978.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Tupolev still making aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Tupolev is part of United Aircraft Corporation and builds the Tu-214 airliner and the Tu-160M bomber at its Kazan plant, though Tu-214 output has fallen far short of state targets.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was Andrei Tupolev imprisoned?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"He was arrested on 21 October 1937 during Stalin\\u2019s Great Purge on fabricated charges of sabotage and espionage. He worked in a prison design bureau, where he designed the Tu-2 bomber, and was released in July 1941.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many aircraft has Tupolev built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"More than 18,000 aircraft have been built to Tupolev designs, most of them by Soviet series factories rather than the bureau itself.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Tupolev<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Russia<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Mil<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Siberian railwayman&rsquo;s son who started with autogyros built the design bureau behind the most-produced helicopter in history and the heaviest-lifting rotorcraft&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Mil page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mikoyan\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Russia<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Mikoyan<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Two engineers handed a disgraced rival&rsquo;s fighter in 1939 built the bureau whose initials became the West&rsquo;s word for any Soviet jet &mdash; more than 11,000&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Mikoyan page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev (konstruktorskoe byuro), Russian Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrei_Tupolev\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Andrei Tupolev, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_ANT-20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev ANT-20, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_ANT-25\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev ANT-25, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_TB-3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev TB-3, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_SB\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev SB, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-2, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-4, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-16, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-95\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-95, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-104\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-104, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-114\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-114, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-22\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-22, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-28\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-28, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-134\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-134, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-144\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-144, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-154\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-154, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-22M\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-22M, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-142\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-142, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-160\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-160, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-204\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-204, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-334\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-334, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-124\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-124, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_TB-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev TB-1, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_ANT-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev ANT-2, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_ANT-9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev ANT-9, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-143\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tupolev Tu-143, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazan_Aircraft_Production_Association\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kazan Aircraft Production Association, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themoscowtimes.com\/2025\/10\/22\/russias-kazan-aircraft-plant-to-deliver-only-one-tu-214-jet-in-2025-missing-target-for-third-year-reports-a90902\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Russia&rsquo;s Kazan Aircraft Plant to Deliver Only One Tu-214 Jet in 2025, The Moscow Times, 22 October 2025<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www1.ru\/en\/news\/2026\/03\/24\/kazanskii-aviazavod-ne-nacal-seriinoe-proizvodstvo-tu-214-nesmotria-na-obeshhaniia.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kazan Aviation Plant has not started mass production of Tu-214, www1.ru, 24 March 2026<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Paris_Air_Show_Tu-144_crash\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1973 Paris Air Show Tu-144 crash, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Polish_Air_Force_Tu-154_crash\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w8-ua-t-23.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/tupolev-logo.webp)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/tupolev-tu-2-soviet-wwii-bomber-polish-aviation-museum-scaled.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w10-cn-t-29.jpg)!important}#mfam 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N. Tupoleva Founded on a date its founder picked himself, Tupolev built the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft of the 1930s, designed a bomber in a prison camp, copied the B-29, and flew the first supersonic airliner. 1922Founded ActiveStatus 25Aircraft on record 22Air forces flying its types Photo (Tu-16 in a museum shown): parfaits \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) CountryRussiaFounded1922-10-22FoundersAndrei TupolevHeadquartersBasmanny District, MoscowOwnerUnited Aircraft Corporation (since 2006), part of RostecStatusActive Share The story Tupolev: the company and the aircraft that made its name A birthday chosen later Tupolev&rsquo;s official birthday is a choice. In 1922 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32103","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tupolev | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\/tupolev\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tupolev | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; Russia Tupolev &#1058;&#1091;&#1087;&#1086;&#1083;&#1077;&#1074; &middot; OKB-156 &middot; ANTK imeni A. N. Tupoleva Founded on a date its founder picked himself, Tupolev built the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft of the 1930s, designed a bomber in a prison camp, copied the B-29, and flew the first supersonic airliner. 1922Founded ActiveStatus 25Aircraft on record 22Air forces flying its types Photo (Tu-16 in a museum shown): parfaits \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) CountryRussiaFounded1922-10-22FoundersAndrei TupolevHeadquartersBasmanny District, MoscowOwnerUnited Aircraft Corporation (since 2006), part of RostecStatusActive Share The story Tupolev: the company and the aircraft that made its name A birthday chosen later Tupolev&rsquo;s official birthday is a choice. 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N. Tupoleva Founded on a date its founder picked himself, Tupolev built the world&rsquo;s largest aircraft of the 1930s, designed a bomber in a prison camp, copied the B-29, and flew the first supersonic airliner. 1922Founded ActiveStatus 25Aircraft on record 22Air forces flying its types Photo (Tu-16 in a museum shown): parfaits \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) CountryRussiaFounded1922-10-22FoundersAndrei TupolevHeadquartersBasmanny District, MoscowOwnerUnited Aircraft Corporation (since 2006), part of RostecStatusActive Share The story Tupolev: the company and the aircraft that made its name A birthday chosen later Tupolev&rsquo;s official birthday is a choice. 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