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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Germany<\/div>\n<h1>Heinkel<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke &middot; Heinkel-Hirth &middot; Ernst Heinkel AG<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Baltic firm that flew the world&rsquo;s first jet and first liquid-rocket aircraft in 1939, built the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s signature bomber with slave labour, then sold bubble cars.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1922<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/a> in 1965<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>17<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>6<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: tormentor4555 \/ Wikimedia Commons (PDM-owner)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Germany<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1922-12-01<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Ernst Heinkel<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Rostock-Marienehe, Mecklenburg (post-war: Stuttgart and Speyer)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/a> in 1965<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Heinkel: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">27 August 1939, Marienehe<\/h3>\n<p>Early on the morning of 27 August 1939, test pilot Erich Warsitz climbed into a small shoulder-wing aircraft on the factory airfield at Rostock-Marienehe. It had no propeller. Behind the cockpit sat a turbojet designed by a young physicist called Hans von Ohain. The He 178 took off, flew a short circuit and landed &mdash; <span class=\"imp\">the first flight in history of an aircraft powered by a turbojet<\/span>. Five days later Germany invaded Poland. The company that made the breakthrough was the private fiefdom of one restless, difficult man: Ernst Heinkel.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A crash, then a career<\/h3>\n<p>Heinkel was born in 1888 in Grunbach, W&#252;rttemberg. He crashed his first home-built aircraft in 1911 and was badly hurt, but stayed in the business, designing for Albatros and then Hansa-Brandenburg during the First World War, where his seaplanes made his name. After a spell at Caspar-Werke he set up on his own at Warnem&#252;nde on 1 December 1922. With Versailles strangling German aviation, he licensed designs to Sweden and built catapult seaplanes for the Imperial Japanese Navy and for the North German Lloyd liner Bremen.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The airliner that was a bomber<\/h3>\n<p>The company&rsquo;s first big hit was the He 70 Blitz of 1932, a sleek all-metal mail plane and airliner for Luft Hansa that set eight world speed records. The twin G&#252;nter brothers, Siegfried and Walter, then scaled it up into the He 111 Doppel-Blitz, first flown on 24 February 1935 and presented as an airliner. It was a thin disguise. <span class=\"imp\">The He 111 became the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s standard bomber<\/span>, fought in Spain with the Condor Legion and over Poland, France and Britain, and 6,508 were built. Spain&rsquo;s CASA kept building a version until the 1950s.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Speed for its own sake<\/h3>\n<p>Heinkel loved speed records the way some men love racehorses. In 1938 Ernst Udet flew the He 100 to a 100 km closed-circuit record of 634.73 km\/h. On 30 March 1939 Hans Dieterle took the He 100 V8, its Daimler-Benz engine tuned to last just 30 minutes, to <span class=\"imp\">an absolute world speed record of 746.6 km\/h<\/span>. Only weeks later Messerschmitt&rsquo;s Me 209 beat it, and the Air Ministry, which preferred Messerschmitt&rsquo;s fighters, never ordered the He 100 at all. Twenty-five were built, and propaganda passed them off as an operational type.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Two firsts in one summer<\/h3>\n<p>The summer of 1939 brought a double first. On 20 June the He 176 flew under the power of a throttleable liquid-fuel rocket, and on 27 August the He 178 proved the jet. In 1941 the twin-jet He 280 flew, and its compressed-air ejection seat became <span class=\"imp\">the first to save a pilot in a real emergency<\/span>. Yet Berlin backed the Me 262 instead. Heinkel&rsquo;s big wartime bets went wrong: the He 177 Greif heavy bomber, with paired engines on a single propeller, was plagued by fires, and the excellent He 219 night fighter was built in only 268 examples.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Sachsenhausen<\/h3>\n<p>The firm grew from about 1,000 staff in 1932 to about 16,000 by the end of 1944, with plants at Marienehe, Oranienburg, Vienna-Schwechat and beyond. That growth rested on forced labour. From 1941 Heinkel used Jewish forced workers, and <span class=\"imp\">between 6,000 and 8,000 prisoners from Sachsenhausen concentration camp<\/span> worked on the He 177 at Oranienburg. Ernst Heinkel was a Nazi Party member and a Wehrwirtschaftsf&#252;hrer, and in 1938 he received the German National Prize for Art and Science. In the final months the company rushed out the He 162 Volksj&#228;ger, a cheap jet fighter designed and flown within months.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Scooters, bubble cars and a quiet exit<\/h3>\n<p>US troops captured Heinkel in July 1945. Forbidden to build aircraft, the company turned to bicycles, the Tourist motor scooter, some 27,000 Perle mopeds, and from 1956 <span class=\"imp\">the Heinkel Kabine bubble car<\/span>, built under licence in Ireland and Britain after 1958. Ernst Heinkel published his memoir, St&#252;rmisches Leben, in 1956 and died in Stuttgart on 30 January 1958. That year the company restarted aircraft work at Speyer, building parts for the licence-built F-104G Starfighter. In 1964&ndash;65 it was absorbed into Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke, whose line runs through MBB to Airbus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">decidedly underpowered<cite>Eric Brown &middot; Royal Navy test pilot, on flying the He 219 after the war<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Heinkel in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1922<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded on 1 December 1922 at Warnem&#252;nde by Ernst Heinkel<\/li>\n<li>Main works at Rostock-Marienehe from 1935; Oranienburg from 1936; Vienna-Schwechat from 1942<\/li>\n<li>Merged with engine maker Hirth from 1941 as Heinkel-Hirth; became Ernst Heinkel AG in 1943<\/li>\n<li>Used forced labour, including thousands of Sachsenhausen prisoners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>He 111<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>He 111 bomber: 6,508 built<\/li>\n<li>He 178: first turbojet aircraft to fly, 27 August 1939<\/li>\n<li>He 176: first aircraft with a throttleable liquid-fuel rocket, 20 June 1939<\/li>\n<li>He 177 Greif heavy bomber: 1,169 built<\/li>\n<li>Post-war: Kabine bubble car, Perle moped, F-104G parts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Absorbed into VFW<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Absorbed into Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke in 1964&ndash;65<\/li>\n<li>VFW merged into MBB in 1980&ndash;81, later part of Airbus<\/li>\n<li>A non-aviation successor, Heinkel Modulbau GmbH, emerged in 2000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">German sources date the VFW merger to 1964, English sources to 1965.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 1,000<span class=\"gnote\">1932<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 9,000<span class=\"gnote\">mid-1939<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 16,000<span class=\"gnote\">end 1944<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Workforce incl. forced labourers and POWs<\/dt>\n<dd>55,000, about 17,000 of them forced labourers and POWs<span class=\"gnote\">1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sachsenhausen prisoners used on He 177<\/dt>\n<dd>6,000 to 8,000<\/dd>\n<dt>He 111 built<\/dt>\n<dd>6,508<\/dd>\n<dt>Heinkel Kabine built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 17,000 (all licensees)<\/dd>\n<dt>Perle mopeds sold<\/dt>\n<dd>about 27,000<span class=\"gnote\">1954&ndash;1957<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Heinkel aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 51<\/b><em>Biplane fighter &middot; first flight 1933 &middot; 700 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 111<\/b><em>Medium bomber &middot; first flight 1935 &middot; 6,508 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 115<\/b><em>Torpedo floatplane &middot; first flight 1937 &middot; 138 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-219-uhu\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 219 Uhu<\/b><em>Night fighter &middot; first flight 1942 &middot; 268 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-162-volksjager\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 162 Volksj&#228;ger<\/b><em>Jet fighter &middot; first flight 1944 &middot; 120 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: tormentor4555 \/ Wikimedia Commons (PDM-owner); German wartime photograph &#183; Public domain; Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); HawkeyeUK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0); public domain<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 59<\/td>\n<td>Floatplane, torpedo and rescue<\/td>\n<td>1931<\/td>\n<td>142<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Used for air-sea rescue in the Battle of Britain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 46<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>1931<\/td>\n<td>about 500<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 70 Blitz<\/td>\n<td>Mail plane, airliner<\/td>\n<td>1932<\/td>\n<td>324<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Set eight world speed records<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 60<\/td>\n<td>Shipboard reconnaissance floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>361<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\">Heinkel He 51<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Biplane fighter<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>700<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flew in the Spanish Civil War<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 72 Kadett<\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>several thousand<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\">Heinkel He 111<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber<\/td>\n<td>1935<\/td>\n<td>6,508<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Luftwaffe standard bomber; Spanish CASA 2.111 flew until 1973<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 112<\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1935<\/td>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lost the Luftwaffe fighter contest to the Bf 109<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 116<\/td>\n<td>Long-range mail plane<\/td>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 115<\/td>\n<td>Torpedo floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1937<\/td>\n<td>138<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 100<\/td>\n<td>Fighter, record aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1938<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Absolute world speed record 746.6 km\/h, 30 March 1939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 176<\/td>\n<td>Rocket-powered research aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First aircraft with a throttleable liquid-fuel rocket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 178<\/td>\n<td>Jet research aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>World&rsquo;s first turbojet-powered flight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-177\/\">Heinkel He 177 Greif<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>1,169<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Coupled engines prone to fires<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Heinkel He 280<\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First ejection seat used in a real emergency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-219-uhu\/\">Heinkel He 219 Uhu<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Night fighter<\/td>\n<td>1942<\/td>\n<td>268<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First operational aircraft with ejection seats<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-162-volksjager\/\">Heinkel He 162 Volksj&#228;ger<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter<\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>120<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Heinkel aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">6 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Heinkel types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 111<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 51<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-177\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 177 Greif<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-219-uhu\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 219 Uhu<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-naval-aviation\/\">German Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Heinkel He 115, Dornier Do 18 and Blohm &amp; Voss BV 138<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/republic-of-china-air-force\/\">Republic of China Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 111, Northrop Gamma and Curtiss A-12 Shrike<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/romanian-air-force\/\">Romanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Heinkel He 112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/slovak-air-force\/\">Slovak Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 111H-10 and H-16<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-air-and-space-force\/\">Spanish Air and Space Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 51<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Heinkel built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Warnem&#252;nde<\/b> &middot; Rostock-Warnem&#252;nde &mdash; Founding site, 1922<\/li>\n<li><b>Marienehe works (Heinkel-Nord)<\/b> &middot; Rostock-Marienehe (today Schmarl) &mdash; Production from 1935; own airfield with five paved runways; site of the He 178 flight<\/li>\n<li><b>Oranienburg<\/b> &middot; Oranienburg, near Berlin &mdash; From 1936; He 111 and He 177, worked by Sachsenhausen prisoners<\/li>\n<li><b>Heinkel-S&#252;d<\/b> &middot; Vienna-Schwechat, Austria &mdash; From 1942, after the 1938 Anschluss<\/li>\n<li><b>Speyer<\/b> &middot; Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate &mdash; Aircraft work resumed from 1958<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Ernst Heinkel<\/b> &middot; founder, designer &mdash; 1888&ndash;1958; memoir St&#252;rmisches Leben (1956)<\/li>\n<li><b>Siegfried and Walter G&#252;nter<\/b> &middot; designers &mdash; Twin brothers behind the He 70 and He 111<\/li>\n<li><b>Heinrich Hertel<\/b> &middot; designer<\/li>\n<li><b>Hans von Ohain<\/b> &middot; jet engine inventor &mdash; His HeS engine powered the He 178<\/li>\n<li><b>Erich Warsitz<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the He 178 on 27 August 1939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Eight world speed records with the He 70, 1933<\/li>\n<li>100 km closed-circuit speed record, 634.73 km\/h, Ernst Udet in the He 100, 1938<\/li>\n<li>Absolute world speed record 746.6 km\/h, Hans Dieterle in the He 100 V8, 30 March 1939<\/li>\n<li>First throttleable liquid-rocket aircraft flight, He 176, 20 June 1939<\/li>\n<li>First turbojet-powered flight, He 178, 27 August 1939<\/li>\n<li>First ejection seat used in an emergency, He 280<\/li>\n<li>First operational aircraft with ejection seats, He 219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Heinkel, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1888<\/div>\n<p>Ernst Heinkel born in Grunbach, W&#252;rttemberg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1922<\/div>\n<p>Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke founded at Warnem&#252;nde<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1932<\/div>\n<p>He 70 Blitz first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>Production starts at Rostock-Marienehe<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>He 111 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Oranienburg plant opens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>He 100 V8 sets absolute world speed record<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>He 176 rocket aircraft flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>He 178 makes the first jet-powered flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>He 177 Greif first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Merged with engine maker Hirth as Heinkel-Hirth; Jewish forced labour begins<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>He 280 jet fighter first powered flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>He 219 night fighter first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>Company becomes Ernst Heinkel AG<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>He 162 Volksj&#228;ger first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>Ernst Heinkel captured by US troops<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>Heinkel Kabine bubble car launched<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>Ernst Heinkel dies in Stuttgart; aircraft work restarts at Speyer the same year<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>Absorbed into Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (1964 in German sources)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Heinkel<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Absorbed VFW in 1980&ndash;81<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB) page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Heinkel<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What was the first jet aircraft to fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Heinkel He 178, flown by Erich Warsitz at Rostock-Marienehe on 27 August 1939, powered by Hans von Ohain&rsquo;s turbojet.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Heinkel He 111 bombers were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">6,508, including prototypes and civil airliners, between 1935 and 1944. Spain&rsquo;s CASA also built a licensed version.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Heinkel use forced labour?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The company used Jewish forced labour from 1941, and between 6,000 and 8,000 Sachsenhausen concentration camp prisoners worked on the He 177 at Oranienburg.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Heinkel after the war?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Banned from aircraft building, it made bicycles, scooters, mopeds and the Kabine bubble car, returned to aircraft work in 1958 and was absorbed into VFW in 1964&ndash;65.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Heinkel hold the world speed record?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, briefly. The He 100 V8 reached 746.6 km\/h on 30 March 1939, before the Messerschmitt Me 209 beat it weeks later.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the first jet aircraft to fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Heinkel He 178, flown by Erich Warsitz at Rostock-Marienehe on 27 August 1939, powered by Hans von Ohain\\u2019s turbojet.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Heinkel He 111 bombers were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"6,508, including prototypes and civil airliners, between 1935 and 1944. Spain\\u2019s CASA also built a licensed version.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Heinkel use forced labour?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The company used Jewish forced labour from 1941, and between 6,000 and 8,000 Sachsenhausen concentration camp prisoners worked on the He 177 at Oranienburg.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Heinkel after the war?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Banned from aircraft building, it made bicycles, scooters, mopeds and the Kabine bubble car, returned to aircraft work in 1958 and was absorbed into VFW in 1964\\u201365.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Heinkel hold the world speed record?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, briefly. The He 100 V8 reached 746.6 km\/h on 30 March 1939, before the Messerschmitt Me 209 beat it weeks later.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Heinkel<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/dornier\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dornier<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Lake Constance firm that built a 12-engine flying boat for 169 people, dodged Versailles by building in Italy and Switzerland, and went bankrupt twelve days after&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dornier page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">West Germany&rsquo;s postwar aerospace champion fused Messerschmitt, Bolkow and the Hamburg shipbuilders&rsquo; aircraft arm, built the helicopter that could loop, and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Heinkel_Flugzeugwerke\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke (German Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Heinkel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ernst Heinkel (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_111\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 111 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_178\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 178 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_219\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 219 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_177_Greif\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 177 Greif (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_100\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 100 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_162\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 162 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_70\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 70 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_51\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 51 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_280\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 280 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_115\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 115 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_59\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 59 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_60\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 60 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_112\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 112 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_176\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 176 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_46\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 46 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vereinigte_Flugtechnische_Werke\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_Kabine\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel Kabine (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_116\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 116 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinkel_He_72\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heinkel He 72 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-t-heinkel-he-51.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/heinkel-he-111-battle-of-britain.jpg)!important}#mfam 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the aircraft that made its name 27 August 1939, Marienehe Early on the morning of 27 August 1939, test pilot Erich Warsitz climbed into a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heinkel | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ja\/\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\/heinkel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Heinkel | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta 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