{"id":15534799,"date":"2026-08-23T17:42:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T15:42:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/?p=15534799"},"modified":"2026-08-23T17:47:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T15:47:23","slug":"heinkel-he-178-worlds-first-jet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/de\/heinkel-he-178-worlds-first-jet\/","title":{"rendered":"Heinkel He 178: The World&rsquo;s First Jet"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n<p>On the morning of 27 August 1939, over the Heinkel works at Rostock-Marienehe, a small, stub-nosed monoplane lifted off with a sound no one had heard from an aeroplane before: a rising, tearing howl in place of the familiar hammer of pistons. It was the Heinkel He 178, and in roughly six minutes it became the first aircraft in history to fly on the thrust of a turbojet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Five days later, Germany invaded Poland. The world&rsquo;s attention went elsewhere, and the machine that had just opened the jet age was allowed to become a footnote. It was a private venture, built in near-secrecy, and the men who ran the Reich air ministry could not be bothered to be impressed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>This month marks the 87th anniversary of that flight. The aircraft itself is long gone, destroyed in a 1943 air raid, but a full-size replica stands today at Rostock-Laage. What follows is the sober record of how the propeller was, for the first time, left behind.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;color:#222\">Kurzinfo<\/p><table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5\"><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Typ<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Single-seat experimental jet testbed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Erster Flug<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">27 August 1939 (brief hop 24 August), pilot Erich Warsitz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Kraftwerk<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">1 \u00d7 Heinkel HeS 3 centrifugal-flow turbojet, ~4.4 kN (992 lbf)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Maximum speed<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">598 km\/h (372 mph)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Konstruktion<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Duralumin fuselage; wooden wings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Schicksal<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Displayed in Berlin; destroyed in an Allied air raid, 1943<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A propeller-less engine, and a manufacturer bold enough to fund it<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The He 178 existed to prove one man&rsquo;s idea. Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain, a physicist from the University of G\u00f6ttingen, had patented the use of gas-turbine exhaust for propulsion in the mid-1930s. His insight was one of principle: the vibration and noise of the piston-and-propeller combination offended him, and he reasoned that a continuous cycle of compression, combustion and expansion would be smoother and, at speed, superior.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=793722765  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:eQOf.cf05\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/hans-von-ohain.jpg\" alt=\"Hans von Ohain\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Hans von Ohain, whose turbojet powered the He 178. He developed it in parallel with, and independently of, Britain&rsquo;s Frank Whittle. Photo: USAF \/ Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Where Frank Whittle in Britain worked with thin funding and official indifference, von Ohain found an industrialist willing to gamble. Ernst Heinkel hired von Ohain and the mechanic Max Hahn in 1936 and set them up at Marienehe. A hydrogen-fuelled demonstrator ran on the bench in 1937; the flight engine that followed, the HeS 3, burned petrol and was tested in the air slung beneath a Heinkel He 118 before ever powering an aircraft alone.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=411066670  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:sLo1.cf06\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/von-ohain-test-engine-max-hahn.jpg\" alt=\"Von Ohain and Max Hahn with an early test engine\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Von Ohain and mechanic Max Hahn with an early test engine. The HeS 3 used a centrifugal compressor, like Whittle&rsquo;s. Photo: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;My interest in jet engines began in about 1933. I found that the elegance of flying was spoiled by the enormous vibrations and noise from the piston engine and propeller combination. I came to the conclusion that a constant work process &mdash; constant compression, combustion, expansion &mdash; would have great advantages.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Hans von Ohain<\/strong> &mdash; on the origin of his idea<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/63z9rWu3Pv4\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Six minutes over Marienehe<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The airframe wrapped around the HeS 3 was deliberately simple: a metal, circular-section fuselage with the air intake in the nose, the engine amidships behind the fuel tank, and a long tailpipe venting at the rear. The high-mounted wings were of wooden construction. The undercarriage was meant to retract but stayed locked down throughout the trials.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Erich Warsitz, Heinkel&rsquo;s test pilot, had already flown the rocket-powered He 176. On 27 August 1939 he took the He 178 up for its true maiden flight.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;I moved the throttle levers gently forward. As the aircraft began to roll I was initially rather disappointed at the thrust, for she did not shoot forward as the 176 had done, but moved off slowly. By the 300-metre mark she was moving very fast. It was not important; all that mattered was that she flew. The turbine howled.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Erich Warsitz<\/strong> &mdash; on the maiden flight of the He 178<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The performance was modest by any standard: a top speed around 598 km\/h (372 mph) and an endurance measured in minutes. But the point was never the numbers. The point was that an aeroplane had flown with no propeller at all, and had proved the concept airworthy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cg92gDVDCx4\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The breakthrough that Berlin ignored<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Heinkel had kept the whole programme concealed, even from the Luftwaffe. On 1 November 1939, after the Polish campaign, he staged a demonstration for senior officials. Hermann G\u00f6ring did not attend; Ernst Udet and Erhard Milch did, and left unimpressed. The aircraft&rsquo;s limited speed and endurance, set against a war that seemed already half-won, spoke louder than the physics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Heinkel never forgave the omission. Unknown to him, the ministry was in fact quietly funding its own jet work &mdash; but along the axial-flow path, not his. The He 178 led nowhere directly; mounting the engine inside the fuselage proved impractical, and Heinkel moved on to the twin-engined He 280 fighter. The single prototype went on static display in Berlin, where an Allied air raid destroyed it in 1943. The jet age it had begun, however, would define the second half of the century.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WXqSGyvQ4z8\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-style:italic;color:#666;font-size:14px\">Sources: Wikipedia (Heinkel He 178; Hans von Ohain); historyofwar.org; Lutz Warsitz, The First Jet Pilot (Pen &amp; Sword, 2009).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">\u00c4hnliche Beitr\u00e4ge<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/the-engine-with-no-propeller-how-the-jet-age-was-born-in-secret\/\">Der Motor ohne Propeller: Wie das Jetzeitalter im Geheimen entstand<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/foo-fighters-wwii-mystery-lights-night-pilots\/\">The Glowing Orbs That Chased WWII Pilots<\/a><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 27 August 1939, days before the war, the Heinkel He 178 became the first aircraft to fly on turbojet power &mdash; and the world barely noticed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":15534409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15534799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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