{"id":1000255,"date":"2026-05-19T10:40:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T08:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/"},"modified":"2026-06-12T00:09:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T22:09:52","slug":"nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nord 1500 Griffon: France Stacked a Ramjet on a Turbojet and Hit Mach 2.19"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n\n<p>In the late summer of 1957, in the South of France, a 35-year-old test pilot named Andr\u00e9 Turcat climbed into the cockpit of an aircraft that, by every reasonable standard of aerospace engineering, should not have flown. The Nord 1500 Griffon II had a turbojet engine. It also had a ramjet engine. The two engines were stacked one inside the other, in the same nacelle, sharing the same air intake and the same exhaust nozzle. Turcat would later look back on the Griffon as one of the most exhilarating \u2014 and most unforgiving \u2014 aircraft he ever flew.<\/p>\n\n<p>Over the following two years, Turcat would take the Griffon II to Mach 2.19, a speed exceeded by no other French aircraft of the 1950s. He would prove that a combined turbojet-ramjet propulsion system could work in a piloted aircraft. He would survive flights at temperatures and dynamic pressures that no French airframe had yet been engineered for. And then, in 1961, the French Air Force would quietly cancel the programme, leaving the Nord 1500 Griffon to become the most spectacular orphan of post-war French aerospace.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Over the next two years, Turcat flew the Griffon II to progressively higher speeds. Step by step the envelope expanded until, in late 1958, the Griffon II reached Mach 2.19 \u2014 the Griffon&apos;s maximum recorded speed and, at the time, the fastest any French aircraft had ever flown. The achievement won Turcat the Harmon Trophy, the international aviator award. It also confirmed, definitively, that the combined-cycle propulsion concept worked.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px\"><img data-opt-id=63910409  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b8\/Nord_1500_Griffon_I_in_flight_c1956.jpg\" alt=\"Nord 1500 Griffon I in flight, c. 1956\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The Griffon I, the turbojet-only first prototype, in flight around 1956. It reached Mach 1.3 before the Griffon II \u2014 with the integrated ramjet \u2014 took over the programme. (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why the Programme Ended<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Griffon should, by every technical measure, have led to a French Mach 3 interceptor. By 1960 the propulsion concept was proven. The airframe handled. Turcat&apos;s flight envelope work had identified the structural and thermal limits. The French Air Force should have, on this evidence, ordered a production interceptor.<\/p>\n\n<p>It did not. The reason was the 1962 first flight of the Lockheed A-12, progenitor of the SR-71 Blackbird, the Soviet Mikoyan Ye-150 series (also Mach 2.65 and never produced), and a clear shift in French strategic thinking toward nuclear deterrence rather than high-speed interception. France was building its own nuclear strike force around the Dassault Mirage IV bomber. The Air Defence Force&apos;s requirement for a high-altitude interceptor evaporated when surface-to-air missiles improved enough to do the same job at a fraction of the cost. The Mirage III, in production at Dassault, could intercept Soviet bombers at Mach 2 with off-the-shelf missile armament. The Griffon offered Mach 2.19 and the promise of Mach 3 \u2014 but only at the price of an entirely new powerplant supply chain, an entirely new airframe-temperature engineering programme, and entirely new pilot training.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px\"><img data-opt-id=961109207  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/Nord_1500_-_Griffon_II.jpg\/1280px-Nord_1500_-_Griffon_II.jpg\" alt=\"Nord 1500 Griffon II at Mus\u00e9e de l'air et de l'espace, Le Bourget\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The Nord 1500 Griffon II on permanent display at the Mus\u00e9e de l&apos;air et de l&apos;espace, Le Bourget, near Paris. It is the only surviving Griffon and one of the most-photographed exhibits in the museum&apos;s post-war wing. (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>On 5 June 1961, the Griffon II made its final flight, and the programme was formally closed. Nord Aviation merged with Sud Aviation in 1970 to form A\u00e9rospatiale, the company that would build Concorde. Andr\u00e9 Turcat went on to become the man who took Concorde up for its 1969 maiden flight and past Mach 2 the following year \u2014 a career arc that owed everything to the Griffon work he had done a decade earlier.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Long Shadow<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Griffon&apos;s technology never quite disappeared. The combined-cycle propulsion concept resurfaced in the British Reaction Engines SABRE programme in the 2010s \u2014 an air-breathing rocket engine that combines turbojet, ramjet and rocket modes in the same nacelle. The Griffon&apos;s integrated turbojet-ramjet was the first piloted-aircraft prototype to demonstrate the basic principle Reaction Engines is still working on sixty-five years later.<\/p>\n\n<p>The Griffon II itself sits today at the Mus\u00e9e de l&apos;air et de l&apos;espace at Le Bourget, near Paris. Visitors who walk past it usually do not realise how unusual its engine is. The single massive air intake hides the dual-stage propulsion system inside. The aircraft looks, from the outside, like a large supersonic delta-wing fighter. Inside the nacelle, the most ambitious propulsion experiment in 1950s European aviation sits silent.<\/p>\n\n<p>Andr\u00e9 Turcat died in 2016, aged 94, with the Griffon and the Concorde both behind him as the two defining aircraft of his career. Both were Mach 2 aircraft. Both were French. Only one ever entered service. The Griffon &mdash; the one with a ramjet bolted to a turbojet, the one that nobody else had ever quite tried &mdash; deserves more than the footnote it has become.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia &mdash; Nord 1500 Griffon; Plane Historia; MilitaryFactory; BuzzHint; Mus\u00e9e de l&apos;air et de l&apos;espace, Le Bourget; Andr\u00e9 Turcat, <em>Pilote d&apos;essais : M\u00e9moires<\/em> (2005).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/dornier-do-31-jet-vtol-transport-1967\/\">The Dornier Do 31 \u2014 The Only Jet VTOL Transport That Ever Flew<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/macchi-mc-72-italian-floatplane-speed-record\/\">Macchi MC.72: A 1934 Floatplane Still Holds a World Speed Record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1957 the French stacked a turbojet inside a ramjet, in the same nacelle, sharing the same intake and exhaust. Andr\u00e9 Turcat flew it to Mach 2.19. The Griffon should have changed aviation. It almost did.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":1000260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1000255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nord 1500 Griffon: France&#8217;s Stacked-Engine Mach 2.19 Fighter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 1957 Nord 1500 Griffon combined a turbojet and a ramjet in one nacelle. Andr\u00e9 Turcat flew it to Mach 2.19. Cancelled 1961. 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The most audacious French aero engineering of the era.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/nord-1500-griffon-french-ramjet.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/nord-1500-griffon-french-ramjet.jpg","width":1280,"height":852,"caption":"SONY DSC"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/nord-1500-griffon-french-turbojet-ramjet-mach-2-1957\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Nord 1500 Griffon: France Stacked a Ramjet on a Turbojet and Hit Mach 2.19"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/","name":"MiGFlug.com Blog","description":"for those interested in flying military jets and aviation related  topics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/#\/schema\/person\/5c2a0903e94d20f73e438b41e79c51be","name":"Fortun\u00e9 Leroy","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/24d828074a1cc6684638b2dcfc98a9dd85a2e06b37adfd74d20fae209f234190?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/24d828074a1cc6684638b2dcfc98a9dd85a2e06b37adfd74d20fae209f234190?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/24d828074a1cc6684638b2dcfc98a9dd85a2e06b37adfd74d20fae209f234190?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Fortun\u00e9 Leroy"},"description":"Fortun\u00e9 covers European aviation with the flair you would expect from a Parisian defence correspondent. 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