{"id":1084570,"date":"2026-05-22T14:46:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/?p=1084570"},"modified":"2026-05-25T11:58:54","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T09:58:54","slug":"36-metres-no-second-chance-eugene-ely-invented-the-carrier-landing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/36-metres-no-second-chance-eugene-ely-invented-the-carrier-landing\/","title":{"rendered":"36 Metres, No Second Chance: Eugene Ely Invented the Carrier Landing"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\nOn 18 January 1911, a barnstormer from Iowa pointed a Curtiss pusher biplane at a wooden platform bolted to the stern of the USS Pennsylvania, anchored in San Francisco Bay \u2014 and landed. No arresting gear existed, so the ground crew had strung sandbag-weighted ropes across the platform. The aircraft&#8217;s tailhook \u2014 a crude metal hook added to the undercarriage \u2014 caught the ropes and dragged Eugene Ely to a stop with metres to spare.\r\n\r\nIt was the first time anyone had landed an aeroplane on a ship. The pilot was 24 years old, had been flying for barely a year, and was doing it for prize money and newspaper headlines. He had no idea he was inventing naval aviation.\r\n\r\nTwo months earlier, Ely had already proven the first half of the equation by taking off from a ship \u2014 the cruiser USS Birmingham \u2014 in Norfolk, Virginia. The landing on the Pennsylvania completed the circuit and proved that aircraft could operate from warships. The entire concept of the aircraft carrier \u2014 from Midway to the USS Ford \u2014 traces its lineage to those two flights.\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\">\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;color:#333;font-size:17px\">Quick Facts<\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;color:#444;line-height:1.8\">\r\n<li><strong>Pilot:<\/strong> Eugene Burton Ely (1886\u20131911)<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>First ship takeoff:<\/strong> 14 November 1910, USS Birmingham, Norfolk, Virginia<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>First ship landing:<\/strong> 18 January 1911, USS Pennsylvania, San Francisco Bay<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Aircraft:<\/strong> Curtiss Model D pusher biplane<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Landing system:<\/strong> Sandbag-weighted ropes + crude tailhook<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Platform length:<\/strong> ~36 metres (120 feet)<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Age at landing:<\/strong> 24 years old<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Death:<\/strong> 19 October 1911, exhibition crash in Macon, Georgia \u2014 aged 25<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Birmingham Takeoff<\/h2>\r\n\r\nThe idea came from Captain Washington Irving Chambers, the U.S. Navy&#8217;s first aviation enthusiast. Chambers convinced the Navy to build a wooden platform over the bow of the cruiser USS Birmingham and hired Ely \u2014 a civilian exhibition pilot working for Glenn Curtiss \u2014 to attempt a takeoff. The Navy wanted to know if aeroplanes had any military value at sea.\r\n\r\nOn 14 November 1910, with rain falling and visibility poor, Ely rolled his Curtiss pusher down the 25-metre platform and dropped off the edge. The aircraft dipped so low that the wheels touched the water, spraying Ely&#8217;s goggles with salt. He wiped them clear, pulled up, and flew 4 kilometres to shore.\r\n\r\nThe takeoff worked. But taking off from a ship is the easy part. Landing on one \u2014 that was the question that mattered.\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;The aeroplane has demonstrated that it can leave and return to a ship at sea. The implications for naval warfare are profound \u2014 and immediate.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Captain Washington Irving Chambers<\/strong> &mdash; U.S. Navy, Aviation Pioneer<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Landing on the Pennsylvania<\/h2>\r\n\r\nTwo months later, Ely was ready to complete the circuit. The USS Pennsylvania had been fitted with a 36-metre wooden platform extending from the stern, angled slightly upward. Across the platform, the crew stretched 22 ropes weighted with 25-kilogram sandbags on each end. The idea was simple: hooks on the aircraft&#8217;s undercarriage would catch the ropes and drag the plane to a stop.\r\n\r\nThere was no second chance. If Ely missed the ropes, he would slam into a canvas barrier at the end of the platform \u2014 or go over the side into the Bay. If he came in too high, he would overshoot entirely. If his engine failed on approach, he would ditch.\r\n\r\nEly approached from the stern, touched down, and his hooks caught the ropes. The sandbags dragged and bounced, and the Curtiss shuddered to a stop. The entire landing roll was less than 10 metres. The ship&#8217;s crew erupted.\r\n\r\nHe then had lunch with the captain, turned the aircraft around, and took off from the same platform to fly back to shore.\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Tailhook Is Born<\/h2>\r\n\r\nThe sandbag-and-rope system Ely used was designed by circus performer and engineer Hugh Robinson. It was crude, but it worked \u2014 and the principle remains identical today. Modern carrier aircraft use a tailhook to catch one of four arresting wires stretched across the flight deck. The wires are connected to hydraulic engines that absorb the aircraft&#8217;s energy. The concept has been refined over 115 years, but the fundamental idea \u2014 hook catches wire, wire stops plane \u2014 has not changed since Ely&#8217;s landing on the Pennsylvania.\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Pioneer&#8217;s End<\/h2>\r\n\r\nEugene Ely never saw what his invention became. On 19 October 1911 \u2014 nine months after the Pennsylvania landing \u2014 he was killed during an exhibition flight in Macon, Georgia. His aircraft failed to pull out of a dive, and he crashed in front of spectators. He was 25 years old.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Navy did not award Ely a posthumous commission until 2011 \u2014 exactly 100 years after his landing. He was given the rank of lieutenant, and the citation noted that his flights &#8220;were of such significance that they changed the course of naval warfare.&#8221;\r\n\r\nFrom a 36-metre wooden platform on a cruiser in San Francisco Bay to the 333-metre flight deck of the USS Gerald R. Ford \u2014 every carrier landing in history descends from Eugene Ely&#8217;s 10-metre roll on 18 January 1911.\r\n\r\n<em>Sources: National Naval Aviation Museum, Smithsonian NASM, U.S. Naval Institute<\/em>\n\n\n<div style=\"margin:24px 0\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;border-radius:8px\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M4uJjfipfQM\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">18 January 1911: original film of Eugene Ely landing his Curtiss Pusher aboard USS Pennsylvania \u2014 the birth of carrier aviation.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 18 January 1911, a barnstormer from Iowa pointed a Curtiss pusher biplane at a wooden platform bolted to the stern of the USS Pennsylvania, anchored in San Francisco Bay \u2014 and landed. No arresting gear existed, so the ground crew had strung sandbag-weighted ropes across the platform. The aircraft&#8217;s tailhook \u2014 a crude metal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1084563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"36 metres second chance","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1084570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>36 Metres, No Second Chance: Eugene Ely Invented the Carrier Landing | MiGFlug.com Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/36-metres-no-second-chance-eugene-ely-invented-the-carrier-landing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"36 Metres, No Second Chance: Eugene Ely Invented the Carrier Landing | MiGFlug.com Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On 18 January 1911, a barnstormer from Iowa pointed a Curtiss pusher biplane at a wooden platform bolted to the stern of the USS Pennsylvania, anchored in San Francisco Bay \u2014 and landed. 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