{"id":2089984,"date":"2026-06-15T14:19:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T10:24:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T08:24:14","slug":"avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\/","title":{"rendered":"The Avro Arrow: The Mach 2 Superfighter Canada Built, Then Destroyed"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n\n<p>On February 20, 1959 \u2014 a day Canadians still call &#8220;Black Friday&#8221; \u2014 Prime Minister John Diefenbaker cancelled the most advanced interceptor on the planet, fired 14,500 people, and ordered every prototype destroyed. Then, for good measure, he had the blueprints shredded.<\/p><p>The Avro Arrow remains Canada&#8217;s great aviation what-if \u2014 a Mach 2 superfighter killed by politics, missiles, and spectacularly bad timing.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;border-radius:8px;padding:20px 24px;margin:18px 0 28px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;color:#333\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;color:#444;line-height:1.8\"><li><strong>Aircraft:<\/strong> Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow<\/li><li><strong>Type:<\/strong> Delta-wing supersonic interceptor<\/li><li><strong>First flight:<\/strong> 25 March 1958<\/li><li><strong>Top speed:<\/strong> Mach 1.98 (achieved in testing)<\/li><li><strong>Chief test pilot:<\/strong> Janusz Zurakowski<\/li><li><strong>Cancelled:<\/strong> 20 February 1959 (&ldquo;Black Friday&rdquo;)<\/li><li><strong>Jobs lost:<\/strong> ~14,500 at Avro Canada<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Built for the Bomber Threat<\/h2><p>In the early 1950s, Canada sat directly beneath the polar route from the Soviet Union to North America. Soviet long-range bombers \u2014 the Tu-95 Bear, the Myasishchev M-4 Bison \u2014 would cross the Arctic and descend on Canadian and American cities. Ottawa needed an interceptor that could reach Mach 2 and 50,000 feet to engage those bombers as far north as possible.<\/p><p>Avro Canada&#8217;s CF-105 Arrow was the answer. A two-seat delta-wing interceptor spanning 50 feet, it was powered initially by Pratt &amp; Whitney J75s, with plans to switch to the domestically designed <strong>Orenda PS.13 Iroquois<\/strong> \u2014 a monster producing 26,000 pounds of thrust with afterburner. It carried weapons internally, in a bay that showcased the delta wing&#8217;s massive internal volume. In testing, it reached <strong>Mach 1.96<\/strong> with the interim engines. The Iroquois-powered Mk.2 was expected to exceed Mach 2 comfortably.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/W-haanEO15E\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:none\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Black Friday<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-opt-id=110653401  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/avro-arrow-canada-aviation-space-museum-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Avro CF-105 Arrow replica at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A replica of the Arrow at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. Every original prototype was destroyed on government orders.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Diefenbaker killed the Arrow on February 20, 1959, citing $1.1 billion in total costs and arguing that missiles \u2014 specifically the CIM-10 Bomarc surface-to-air missile \u2014 could do the job more cheaply. The 14,500 Avro employees who lost their jobs that day were joined by another 15,000 at 650 subcontractors across Canada.<\/p><p>Then came the destruction order. All five completed aircraft, all components including the Iroquois engines, all blueprints, drawings, and nearly all technical data were cut up for scrap. The thoroughness was methodical and, to many Canadians, unforgivable.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/mq-1c-gray-eagle-army-drone-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"flex-shrink:0\"><img data-opt-id=1871470286  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/mq-1c-gray-eagle-army-drone-1.jpg\" alt=\"Avro Arrow test flight illustration\" style=\"width:96px;height:96px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;display:block;border:2px solid #ddd\"><\/a><div><em>Test pilots praised the Arrow&rsquo;s handling, with chief test pilot Janusz Zurakowski describing the aircraft in glowing terms after flying it.<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\">On the Arrow&rsquo;s flying qualities, as recalled by those involved in the test program<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Canada&#8217;s Loss, the Moon&#8217;s Gain<\/h2><p>Jim Chamberlin led a group of 25 Avro engineers who joined NASA&#8217;s Space Task Group after the cancellation. The group eventually grew to 32 \u2014 collectively known as the <strong>&#8220;Avro Group.&#8221;<\/strong> Chamberlin was instrumental in proposing Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as the mission mode for Apollo \u2014 the method ultimately used to reach the Moon. Owen Maynard, a former Avro stress engineer, became the primary designer of the Apollo Lunar Module.<\/p><p>Canada killed its greatest fighter. Thirty-two of its best engineers went to NASA and helped put men on the Moon.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/mq-1c-gray-eagle-army-drone-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"flex-shrink:0\"><img data-opt-id=1871470286  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/mq-1c-gray-eagle-army-drone-1.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"John Diefenbaker\" style=\"width:96px;height:96px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;display:block;border:2px solid #ddd\"><\/a><div><em>&ldquo;The development of the Arrow aircraft and Iroquois engine should be terminated now.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>John Diefenbaker<\/strong> &mdash; Prime Minister of Canada, announcing the Arrow cancellation (20 Feb 1959)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Treasure Hunt<\/h2><p>Before the Arrow flew, Avro launched nine 1\/8-scale free-flight test models over Lake Ontario. In 2017, the &#8220;Raise the Arrow&#8221; expedition found one on the lake bottom near Kingston. It was recovered in 2018, and since then four of the nine models have been located. They are being restored for display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum.<\/p><p>Sixty-seven years after Black Friday, Canadians are still diving into Lake Ontario looking for pieces of the dream their government destroyed. The Bomarc missiles that replaced the Arrow were useless. The Soviet bomber threat was real but evolved into ICBMs anyway. And the most advanced interceptor of its era ended its life under a cutting torch.<\/p><p>Some cancellations become footnotes. This one became a national wound.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/p4mi7ywtP5s\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:none\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"font-style:italic;color:#777;font-size:14px;margin-top:32px\">Sources: Canada Aviation and Space Museum, RCI, Ingenium Canada, Military History Now, Wikipedia<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/horten-ho-229-flying-wing-stealth-bomber-northrop-b2-ww2-smithsonian\/\">Horten Ho 229: The Nazi Flying Wing<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1959, Canada cancelled the most advanced interceptor on Earth, fired 14,500 people, and ordered every prototype cut up for scrap. Then 32 of its engineers went to NASA and helped reach the Moon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":2089902,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2089984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Avro Arrow: The Mach 2 Superfighter Canada Built, Then Destroyed | MiGFlug.com Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Avro Arrow CF-105: Canada built the most advanced interceptor of its era, then destroyed every prototype. 32 engineers joined NASA and helped reach the Moon.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Avro Arrow: The Mach 2 Superfighter Canada Built, Then Destroyed | MiGFlug.com Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Avro Arrow CF-105: Canada built the most advanced interceptor of its era, then destroyed every prototype. 32 engineers joined NASA and helped reach the Moon.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug.com Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-15T12:19:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-17T08:24:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-interceptor.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"503\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Connor Kerr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Connor Kerr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/jetflights\\\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/jetflights\\\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Connor Kerr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/jetflights\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/464c5f53053cb99e1fa991cbf6c7edcf\"},\"headline\":\"The Avro Arrow: The Mach 2 Superfighter Canada Built, Then Destroyed\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-15T12:19:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:24:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/jetflights\\\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":654,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/jetflights\\\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-mach-2-interceptor-black-friday-cancellation-nasa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/jetflights\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/sites\\/4\\/2026\\/06\\/avro-arrow-cf-105-canada-interceptor.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"History &amp; 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