{"id":21336,"date":"2026-08-18T11:46:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=21336"},"modified":"2026-08-18T11:46:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:46:51","slug":"pzl-37-los","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/nl\/aircraft\/pzl-37-los\/","title":{"rendered":"PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b \u2014 History, Specs, Photos &#038; Stories"},"content":{"rendered":"<style> html{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-21336{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-21336 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-21336 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-21336 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-21336 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} body.page-id-21336 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);overflow:hidden;font-family:'Gilroy 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.claim{font-size:18px} #mfam .stat .n{font-size:22px} #mfam .scard{flex-basis:280px} #mfam .gallery-track figure{flex-basis:300px} } <\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\"><img data-opt-id=674553380  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1506\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-in-flight.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"hero-img\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201101%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221101%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221101%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b twin-engine medium bomber in flight\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-shade\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"hero-inner\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/\">Aircraft Museum<\/a> \/ PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b<\/div>\n<h1>PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: Poland&#8217;s world-class bomber that arrived too late<\/h1>\n<p class=\"claim\">In 1936 it was one of the most modern medium bombers on earth \u2014 fast, compact and able to out-carry far bigger aircraft. When Germany invaded in 1939, Poland could field only a handful.<\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-strip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><span class=\"n\">2,580 kg<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Max bomb load<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><span class=\"n\">~412 km\/h<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Top speed<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><span class=\"n\">4<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Crew<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><span class=\"n\">~90\u2013120<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Built<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\">Role<b>Twin-engine medium bomber<\/b><\/span><span class=\"chip\">Era<b>1936\u20131944<\/b><\/span><span class=\"chip\">Engines<b>2\u00d7 Bristol\/PZL Pegasus radial<\/b><\/span><span class=\"chip\">Origin<b>Poland<\/b><\/span><span class=\"chip\">Status<b>Retired \u2014 no complete survivor<\/b><\/span><span class=\"chip fly\"><a href=\"#faq\">Can you fly a PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The Story<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: a world-class bomber Poland could not build fast enough<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">When the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b (&#8220;Elk&#8221;, sometimes rendered &#8220;Moose&#8221;) first flew in 1936, it was arguably the most advanced medium bomber in the world: clean, compact, and able to lift a bomb load that shamed aircraft twice its size. Three years later it became a symbol of a crueller truth \u2014 that a brilliant design counts for little if you cannot field enough of it in time.<\/p>\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b was the work of engineer <strong>Jerzy D\u0105browski<\/strong>, whose team at Poland&#8217;s state aviation works (Pa\u0144stwowe Zak\u0142ady Lotnicze, PZL) set out in 1934 to build a fast, all-metal bomber that could operate from the rough grass fields of a country with little concrete. What emerged was strikingly modern for its day: a low-wing, twin-engine monoplane with a slim fuselage, a smooth stressed-skin structure, retractable undercarriage and a wing whose gentle taper hid an unusually efficient design.<\/p>\n<p>Its defining party trick was load. A production PZL.37B could carry up to roughly <strong>2,580 kg (about 5,690 lb) of bombs<\/strong> internally and under the wing \u2014 more than contemporaries such as the early Vickers Wellington or the Bristol Blenheim, despite the \u0141o\u015b being smaller and lighter. It did this on two licence-built Bristol Pegasus radial engines of under 1,000 hp each, which speaks to how cleanly the airframe was designed.<\/p>\n<p>The second signature feature sat on the ground: each main undercarriage leg carried <strong>two wheels side by side in a twin-tandem &#8220;double&#8221; arrangement, each independently sprung<\/strong>. That doubled the footprint and let a fully loaded \u0141o\u015b operate from soft, uneven fields that would have bogged a single-wheel bomber \u2014 exactly the austere conditions Polish planners expected in a war.<\/p>\n<p>It arrived at a proud moment for Polish aviation. In the mid-1930s PZL was producing world-class designs \u2014 the gull-winged P.11 fighter had briefly been among the best in the world, and Polish pilots and designers were winning international recognition. The \u0141o\u015b was meant to be the bomber that matched that reputation, a modern strike aircraft to stand beside the modern fighter. For a brief window, on paper and at air shows, it did exactly that.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pull\">On paper the \u0141o\u015b could have been a world-beating bomber. The tragedy is that Poland finished so few of them before the clock ran out.<\/p>\n<p>But paper is not a fielded fleet. Production and organisational delays meant that when Germany invaded on <strong>1 September 1939<\/strong>, only around <strong>36 \u0141o\u015b were combat-ready<\/strong> in the Polish Air Force&#8217;s single Bomber Brigade (Brygada Bombowa), out of somewhere between roughly 90 and 120 aircraft built or on the line (sources vary). The crews flew with conspicuous courage against German armoured columns, but there were too few of them, they usually flew without fighter escort, and losses were heavy.<\/p>\n<p>As Poland collapsed, surviving \u0141o\u015b were <strong>evacuated to Romania<\/strong>, where they were interned and later pressed into Romanian service \u2014 several going on to fly on the Eastern Front from 1941. Meanwhile a string of pre-war <strong>export orders<\/strong> \u2014 from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, Romania and others \u2014 mostly evaporated in the chaos of 1939; only a few aircraft were ever delivered abroad. Today <strong>no complete PZL.37 survives<\/strong>: only relics, a preserved engine and a full-scale replica remain to show what Poland&#8217;s lost bomber looked like.<\/p>\n<p>That is the paradox worth holding onto. The \u0141o\u015b was not a flawed design that failed on its merits; it was a good design that history never let compete. Understanding it means separating two questions that are easy to blur: how good was the aircraft, and how good was Poland&#8217;s position in 1939. The answers are very different, and the sections below take each in turn.<\/p>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">01<\/span><span class=\"gt\">What the name &#8220;\u0141o\u015b&#8221; means and how to say it<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0141o\u015b&#8221; is Polish for the elk (the large deer known in North America as the moose). It is pronounced roughly &#8220;w\u00f4sh&#8221; \u2014 the barred \u0141 sounds like an English &#8220;w&#8221;, and the \u015b is a soft &#8220;sh&#8221;. PZL&#8217;s aircraft of the era often carried names drawn from Polish life and nature; the type designation PZL.37 (also written P.37) is the manufacturer&#8217;s number, and the main wartime version was the PZL.37B, nicknamed \u0141o\u015b II.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">02<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Why the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b looked so modern in 1936<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Most bombers of the mid-1930s were still slab-sided, fabric-and-strut machines. The \u0141o\u015b was an all-metal stressed-skin monoplane with retractable gear and a clean, low-drag shape \u2014 closer in concept to the aircraft that would define the early war years than to its own contemporaries. Its combination of a small, efficient airframe with a large bomb load is exactly what made informed observers rate it so highly at the time.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to be honest about the numbers, though: the \u0141o\u015b was fast for a loaded medium bomber but not a record-breaker, and its defensive armament was light. Its excellence was in the balance of the whole design, not in any single headline figure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">03<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Jerzy D\u0105browski and the team behind the \u0141o\u015b<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b was principally the work of Jerzy D\u0105browski, one of the leading Polish aircraft engineers of the interwar period, with earlier concept work involving other PZL designers. D\u0105browski&#8217;s philosophy was to extract maximum efficiency from a clean airframe rather than to rely on brute engine power \u2014 a sound instinct given the modest engines available to Poland. After the fall of Poland he continued his career abroad, part of the wider diaspora of Polish aviation talent scattered by the war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">04<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b and the &#8220;too few, too late&#8221; problem<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b story is often summarised as &#8220;a world-class bomber that came too late&#8221; \u2014 and that framing is fair, provided it is stated carefully. The design was genuinely advanced. What failed was the timeline: re-equipping squadrons, training crews, sorting out early-production issues and building enough airframes all took longer than the deteriorating international situation allowed. By September 1939 only a fraction of the planned force was ready for combat.<\/p>\n<p>It is also worth remembering that Poland was a young, capital-poor state rebuilding after more than a century of partition. Financing a modern bomber fleet in quantity was a genuine strain, and the money and time simply ran out before the aircraft could be produced at scale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">05<\/span><span class=\"gt\">How many PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b were actually built?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Figures vary between sources and should be treated as estimates. A commonly cited picture is that around <strong>90 aircraft had been delivered<\/strong> by the outbreak of war with perhaps <strong>30 or so more<\/strong> in various stages of production, giving a rough total in the region of <strong>90 to 120<\/strong>. Of these, only about <strong>36<\/strong> were combat-ready in the Bomber Brigade on 1 September 1939. Exact serial-by-serial accounting is complicated by wartime losses and destroyed records.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">06<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Is any PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b still around to see?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>No complete original airframe survives anywhere. What remains are relics and fragments, an original PZL-built Pegasus engine preserved at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krak\u00f3w (it had been sent to the 1939 New York World&#8217;s Fair and survived the war abroad), and a <strong>full-scale non-flying replica<\/strong> built by PZL Mielec and unveiled in 2012, reconstructed largely from photographs because few original drawings survived. There is no airworthy example and none is under restoration to fly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">07<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Why the \u0141o\u015b still matters to Polish aviation memory<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>For Poland the \u0141o\u015b is more than a footnote in bomber development. It stands for a moment when Polish engineering was genuinely world-class, and for the courage of the aircrew who flew an outnumbered force into a hopeless campaign. That is why the type is memorialised with a full-scale replica and why its story is retold so often: it is a symbol both of what Polish industry achieved and of how little time it was given.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Design &amp; Engineering<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">What made the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b advanced \u2014 and where it was ordinary<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">The \u0141o\u015b was not a collection of exotic technologies. It was an exercise in balance: a light, clean airframe wrapped around a big bomb bay, two proven engines and an undercarriage built for the mud of a real war.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cards\">\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>A bomb load out of all proportion to its size<\/h3>\n<p>Up to roughly 2,580 kg (about 5,690 lb) of bombs \u2014 carried by a compact aircraft lighter than many single-engine types of the later war. The \u0141o\u015b routinely out-carried bigger, heavier contemporaries, which is the single fact that most impressed observers of the day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Two Pegasus radials, licence-built in Poland<\/h3>\n<p>The main PZL.37B used two Bristol Pegasus XX radials (built under licence in Poland as the PZL Pegaz), each around 900\u2013970 hp. Modest power, but the clean airframe turned it into respectable speed and a useful load \u2014 a sign of how efficient the design was.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Double main wheels for rough, soft fields<\/h3>\n<p>Each main leg carried two independently sprung wheels side by side. This distinctive twin-wheel gear spread the load and let a fully bombed-up \u0141o\u015b operate from the soft grass strips that were the reality of Polish air bases \u2014 a genuinely practical, war-minded touch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"inl\"><img data-opt-id=1825748982  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Y_3U.cd36\/w:606\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-pegasus-engine-museum.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20863%201536%22%20width%3D%22863%22%20height%3D%221536%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22863%22%20height%3D%221536%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A surviving PZL-built Bristol Pegasus XX radial engine on display\"><figcaption>A surviving PZL-built Bristol Pegasus XX (Pegaz) radial \u2014 the type of engine that powered the \u0141o\u015b. Photo: Zala, CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Taken together, these choices describe a coherent design philosophy: build light, build clean, and spend the weight budget on bombs rather than on armour, heavy guns or oversized engines. It was a philosophy well suited to a bomber meant to strike hard from primitive fields \u2014 and less well suited to surviving in contested skies without escort. The expanders below unpack the engineering in detail.<\/p>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">08<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b wing and all-metal structure<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b used a stressed-skin, all-metal structure that was thoroughly up to date for the mid-1930s. The wing was built around a strong spar system that also housed fuel and, crucially, left room for a deep internal bomb bay in the fuselage. The clean aerodynamic shape \u2014 few struts, no fixed gear hanging in the airflow \u2014 is a large part of why such modest engines produced competitive performance. The wing&#8217;s moderate loading also kept field performance and handling reasonable despite the heavy loads it could lift.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">09<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Inside the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bomb bay and its load options<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Bombs were carried both in the fuselage and in the wing centre-section. A frequently quoted maximum loadout combined many small bombs \u2014 for example around eighteen 110 kg bombs \u2014 with a pair of larger weapons, up to the roughly 2,580 kg figure. In practice, operating from improvised fields in 1939, aircraft often flew with a reduced load of around 800 kg so they could get airborne from short, soft strips. The very largest bombs were available only in small numbers, so the theoretical maximum was rarely the operational reality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">10<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The Pegasus engines \u2014 and the Gnome-Rh\u00f4ne export re-engining<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Polish-service aircraft used the Bristol Pegasus (XII B on early machines, XX on the main PZL.37B), built under licence by PZL as the Pegaz. For export, the planned PZL.37C and PZL.37D versions were to use French Gnome-Rh\u00f4ne 14N radials of around 1,000\u20131,065 hp, giving foreign customers an engine they could support locally. Very few export-engined aircraft were completed before the war intervened. The choice of licence-built engines was itself telling: Poland preferred proven, supportable powerplants over chasing the last few horsepower.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">11<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b defensive armament \u2014 its real weak spot<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Honesty matters here. The \u0141o\u015b carried only three rifle-calibre machine guns (7.92 mm) \u2014 one in the nose, one in a dorsal position and one in a ventral position. That was light defensive firepower even by 1939 standards, and against modern fighters it left the bomber vulnerable, especially when flown without escort. The \u0141o\u015b was built to carry bombs, not to fight its way home. Some Romanian-operated aircraft were later modified with additional guns, an implicit acknowledgement of the original weakness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">12<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The four-man PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b crew and their stations<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>A standard crew was four: a pilot; a commander who also served as bombardier in the glazed nose; a radio operator; and a gunner covering the rear. The nose and rear positions doubled as the defensive gun stations. It was a conventional, sensible layout for a medium bomber of the period, and it kept the fuselage slim, which helped the aircraft&#8217;s clean lines and low drag.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">13<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The twin-wheel undercarriage explained<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The most visually distinctive feature of the \u0141o\u015b was its main undercarriage: each leg carried two wheels mounted side by side, each with independent suspension. The idea was simple and clever \u2014 double the number of wheels to halve the ground pressure, so a heavy, fully loaded bomber could taxi and take off from soft grass without digging in. The gear retracted into the engine nacelles, keeping the clean airframe intact in flight. Few other bombers of the era adopted such a solution, and it perfectly captured the \u0141o\u015b design ethos of practicality for real-world conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">14<\/span><span class=\"gt\">PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b performance in context (and why figures vary)<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Quoted top speeds range from about 412 km\/h (loaded, at altitude) up toward roughly 445 km\/h in some lighter or optimistic figures \u2014 treat the higher numbers with caution. Range was around 1,000\u20131,500 km in a combat configuration and up to roughly 2,600 km ferried, with a service ceiling near 7,000 m. These were solid, competitive numbers for a 1936 medium bomber, if not extraordinary. The point that matters is efficiency: the \u0141o\u015b delivered these figures on relatively little power, which is the truest measure of how good the airframe was.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">15<\/span><span class=\"gt\">PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b variants: 37A, 37Abis, 37B and the export 37C\/37D<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The first production aircraft (PZL.37A) had a single tail fin; the PZL.37Abis introduced twin fins; and the definitive PZL.37B (\u0141o\u015b II) combined twin fins with the more powerful Pegasus XX. The PZL.37C and PZL.37D were the Gnome-Rh\u00f4ne-engined export models. Prototypes had explored both single- and twin-tail layouts before the twin-fin arrangement was settled on, which improved stability and gave the rear gunner a better field of fire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">16<\/span><span class=\"gt\">How the \u0141o\u015b compares to a modern reading of &#8220;good design&#8221;<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>By today&#8217;s standards the \u0141o\u015b reads as a well-judged compromise. It prioritised payload and field performance, accepted light defensive armament as the cost, and used proven engines to keep the aircraft supportable. Those are exactly the trade-offs a small nation with limited industry should make. What the design could not compensate for was strategic reality: no medium bomber, however clever, could have changed the outcome of September 1939 in the numbers Poland had available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At War<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b in 1939: brave, outnumbered and soon in exile<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">The \u0141o\u015b went to war concentrated in a single formation, flew hard against the advancing Wehrmacht, and within two weeks had been all but used up. The survivors escaped south into Romania \u2014 and, in one of the war&#8217;s stranger turns, went on to fight again in someone else&#8217;s air force.<\/p>\n<p>On 1 September 1939 the combat-ready \u0141o\u015b were gathered in the Polish Air Force&#8217;s <strong>Bomber Brigade (Brygada Bombowa)<\/strong>, organised into a handful of squadrons (eskadry). This was the striking force Poland had been building toward \u2014 and it amounted to only around 36 aircraft. Held back at first, the brigade was committed from about <strong>4 September<\/strong> against German armoured and motorised columns pushing into Poland.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"inl\"><img data-opt-id=537629754  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:UpM2.cd33\/w:1533\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-crews-1939.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201082%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221082%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221082%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bombers lined up with their crews in 1939\"><figcaption>PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bombers with their crews, 1939. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The crews pressed their attacks with real courage, bombing tank and vehicle concentrations by day. But the \u0141o\u015b had been designed as a bomber, not a dogfighter, and the campaign exposed every structural weakness of Poland&#8217;s situation: too few aircraft, too little fighter cover, light defensive armament, and an enemy with air superiority. Bombers were lost to German fighters and flak on almost every mission, and more were destroyed on the ground.<\/p>\n<p>The tactical picture was grim from the start. German mechanised columns moved fast and were well protected by mobile flak, while the Luftwaffe&#8217;s Bf 109 fighters roamed freely overhead. A slow, lightly armed bomber attacking such targets by day, without escort, was operating at the very edge of survivability. That the brigade kept flying missions under these conditions is a measure of the crews&#8217; determination rather than of any realistic chance of turning the campaign.<\/p>\n<p>By mid-September the brigade was spent. As the military situation collapsed \u2014 and with the Soviet invasion from the east on 17 September \u2014 surviving aircraft were ordered south. Between roughly <strong>26 and 27 \u0141o\u015b<\/strong> flew out to neutral <strong>Romania<\/strong>, where crews and machines were interned.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"inl\"><img data-opt-id=1301192961  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:K9dL.cd35\/w:1536\/h:1062\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-captured.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201062%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221062%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221062%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b captured and evaluated by a foreign air force\"><figcaption>A captured PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b under foreign evaluation. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What happened next is the twist in the tale. In 1940 the interned aircraft were taken over by the <strong>Royal Romanian Air Force<\/strong>, which pressed around 23 of them into service. From 1941, alongside Romania&#8217;s participation in the German-led invasion of the Soviet Union, a number of these \u0141o\u015b flew combat missions on the <strong>Eastern Front<\/strong> \u2014 over Bessarabia and toward targets such as Odessa and Kiev \u2014 before attrition, wear and a lack of spare parts wore the fleet down. A handful soldiered on into 1944.<\/p>\n<p>Both of Poland&#8217;s invaders also examined the type: the German Luftwaffe and the Soviet Air Force each captured and flight-tested a small number of \u0141o\u015b, a quiet acknowledgement that the aircraft was worth a close look.<\/p>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">17<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b Bomber Brigade order of battle<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b combat force was concentrated in the Bomber Brigade, made up of several eskadry grouped into two dywizjony (roughly, wings). Commonly cited are the 11th, 12th, 16th and 17th eskadry operating the \u0141o\u015b. Keeping the type in one brigade made training and supply simpler, but it also meant the whole striking force could be worn down together \u2014 which is exactly what happened. There was no second echelon of \u0141o\u015b units to rotate in once the first was exhausted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">18<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The first PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b missions and the reality of daylight attack<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>From around 4 September the brigade attacked German columns by day, often from low level to improve accuracy against moving vehicles. Daylight, unescorted attacks against an enemy holding air superiority are among the most dangerous missions in air warfare, and the \u0141o\u015b crews paid the price. Their aggression is not in doubt; the odds were. Communications and reconnaissance were also breaking down as the front collapsed, so targets were often located and struck under chaotic, improvised conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">19<\/span><span class=\"gt\">How many PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b were lost in September 1939?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Precise figures vary and should be read as estimates. Roughly half of the committed \u0141o\u015b were lost in action to fighters and anti-aircraft fire, with further aircraft destroyed on the ground at bases and at the factory. The essential point is not the exact tally but the pattern: a small force, heavily engaged, ground down within about two weeks. Losses among aircrew were correspondingly heavy, and the survivors were left with too few serviceable aircraft to continue effective operations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">20<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The evacuation of the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b to Romania<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>As Poland fell, aircraft of many types were flown to neutral Romania and Hungary. Around 26\u201327 \u0141o\u015b reached Romania, where they were interned along with much of Poland&#8217;s surviving air arm. For the \u0141o\u015b this internment was not the end of the story \u2014 it was the beginning of a second, foreign career. Many Polish airmen, meanwhile, escaped onward through Romania to France and Britain, where they would fight again in other cockpits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">21<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Romanian PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b service on the Eastern Front<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>From 1940 the Royal Romanian Air Force took over the interned aircraft and formed a bomber unit around them. When Romania joined the Axis invasion of the USSR in 1941, these \u0141o\u015b flew real combat sorties on the Eastern Front. Inexperience with the type, engine trouble and a shortage of Polish spare parts caused heavy non-combat losses, and the fleet dwindled, with a few examples still around as late as 1944. It was a strange fate for a Polish bomber \u2014 to fight its longest campaign in the markings of another nation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">22<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Captured PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: German and Soviet evaluation<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Both invaders tested captured \u0141o\u015b. The Luftwaffe is reported to have flown a couple of examples, and the Soviet Air Force a few more. Neither adopted the type, but the fact that both bothered to evaluate it is a modest vote of confidence in a design that never got the chance to prove itself in numbers. For historians, these evaluation reports are among the few technical assessments of the aircraft made by outside observers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">23<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Could more PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b have changed 1939?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>It is tempting to imagine a Poland with two or three hundred \u0141o\u015b in September 1939, but honesty requires caution. More bombers would have inflicted more damage on German columns and cost the Luftwaffe more \u2014 but they would still have flown into overwhelming enemy air superiority, and the campaign&#8217;s outcome was decided by far larger strategic factors. A stronger \u0141o\u015b force would have written a prouder chapter, not a different ending.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">24<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b against the Luftwaffe fighters<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b met the Messerschmitt Bf 109 in the worst possible circumstances: slow, lightly defended and usually unescorted against a fast, cannon-armed modern fighter with numbers and altitude. In that matchup the bomber&#8217;s only real defences were low-level flight, cloud and luck. It is a stark illustration of why bomber survival in the early war depended so heavily on escort, tactics and darkness \u2014 none of which the \u0141o\u015b crews of 1939 could count on.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Specifications<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">PZL.37B \u0141o\u015b full specifications and cost data<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">Figures are for the main production PZL.37B (\u0141o\u015b II) and should be read as period estimates \u2014 surviving documentation is incomplete, and sources disagree on the details.<\/p>\n<div class=\"specwrap\">\n<table class=\"spec\">\n<caption>PZL.37B \u0141o\u015b \u2014 general characteristics<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Crew<\/th>\n<td>4 (pilot, commander\/bombardier, radio operator, gunner)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Length<\/th>\n<td>12.92 m (42 ft 5 in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Wingspan<\/th>\n<td>17.93 m (58 ft 10 in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Height<\/th>\n<td>5.1 m (16 ft 9 in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Wing area<\/th>\n<td>53.5 m\u00b2 (576 sq ft)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Empty weight<\/th>\n<td>~4,280 kg (9,436 lb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Max takeoff weight<\/th>\n<td>~9,100 kg (20,000 lb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Powerplant<\/th>\n<td>2\u00d7 Bristol\/PZL Pegasus XX radial, ~918\u2013970 hp each<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Undercarriage<\/th>\n<td>Retractable; twin (double) main wheels, independently sprung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Max speed<\/th>\n<td>~412 km\/h (256 mph) loaded; up to ~445 km\/h cited <em>(estimates vary)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Range<\/th>\n<td>~1,500 km combat; up to ~2,600 km ferry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Service ceiling<\/th>\n<td>~7,000 m (23,000 ft)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Max bomb load<\/th>\n<td>up to ~2,580 kg (5,690 lb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Rate of climb<\/th>\n<td>~4.7 m\/s (930 ft\/min)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Wing loading<\/th>\n<td>~166 kg\/m\u00b2 (34 lb\/sq ft)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Combat radius<\/th>\n<td>~1,000 km with a heavy bomb load and extra fuel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Defensive armament<\/th>\n<td>3\u00d7 7.92 mm machine guns (nose, dorsal, ventral)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Number built<\/th>\n<td>~90\u2013120 <em>(estimates vary)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"spec\">\n<caption>PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b \u2014 cost, production &amp; status<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Manufacturer<\/th>\n<td>PZL (Pa\u0144stwowe Zak\u0142ady Lotnicze), Poland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Designer<\/th>\n<td>Jerzy D\u0105browski<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Unit cost<\/th>\n<td>Not reliably recorded (WWII-era Polish production)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cost per flight hour<\/th>\n<td>Not applicable \u2014 no surviving or airworthy example<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Production<\/th>\n<td>1936\u20131939; ended with the German invasion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Combat-ready, 1 Sep 1939<\/th>\n<td>~36 (of ~90\u2013120 built)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Operators<\/th>\n<td>Poland; Romania (impressed examples); captured tests by Germany &amp; USSR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Export orders<\/th>\n<td>Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, Romania and others \u2014 mostly undelivered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Survivors<\/th>\n<td>None complete; a full-scale replica and a preserved engine remain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Flyable today<\/th>\n<td>No \u2014 none airworthy or bookable anywhere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">25<\/span><span class=\"gt\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b operating costs: what a flight hour would cost<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>There is no meaningful cost-per-flight-hour figure for the \u0141o\u015b, and we will not invent one. No complete aircraft survives, none is airworthy, and no operator flies the type \u2014 so there is no fuel, maintenance or overhaul stream to measure. Original Polish unit-cost records from the 1930s are incomplete and were denominated in pre-war z\u0142oty, which makes any modern conversion misleading. Where other aircraft in this museum have real operating-cost data, the \u0141o\u015b simply has none \u2014 and that absence is itself part of its story.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">26<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Reading the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b weight and load figures<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The headline 2,580 kg bomb load is a maximum, achievable only under favourable conditions with the right mix of bomb sizes and from a decent airfield. In the field in 1939, aircraft frequently flew with much less \u2014 around 800 kg \u2014 to get airborne from short, soft strips. Empty and loaded weights also vary between sources depending on equipment fit, so treat single figures as representative rather than definitive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">27<\/span><span class=\"gt\">How the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b compared with the Blenheim and Wellington<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>Against the Bristol Blenheim, the \u0141o\u015b carried a substantially larger bomb load from a similar-sized airframe. Against the larger Vickers Wellington, the \u0141o\u015b was smaller and lighter yet could lift a comparable or greater load over useful ranges \u2014 which is why enthusiasts still argue it was, pound for pound, one of the best medium bombers of its moment. The honest caveat is that the Wellington was built in the thousands and fought for years; the \u0141o\u015b was built in dozens and fought for two weeks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">28<\/span><span class=\"gt\">Why so few PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b specifications are certain<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The destruction of PZL&#8217;s records, the loss of most airframes and the aircraft&#8217;s short, chaotic service life mean that many &#8220;facts&#8221; about the \u0141o\u015b are reconstructions. Even the full-scale replica had to be shaped largely from photographs because original drawings were scarce. That is why this page hedges figures such as top speed, numbers built and losses: the ranges are real, and pretending otherwise would be dishonest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"gd\">\n<summary><span class=\"exn\">29<\/span><span class=\"gt\">What the export variants would have offered<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"gd-body\">\n<p>The PZL.37C and PZL.37D were the versions the world nearly bought: broadly the same excellent airframe re-engined with French Gnome-Rh\u00f4ne radials for easier overseas support, and in the 37D&#8217;s case slightly more power. Had the war held off even a year, \u0141o\u015b in Bulgarian, Yugoslav, Turkish, Greek and Romanian markings might have become a common sight across south-eastern Europe. Instead, almost none were delivered, and the export story remains one of the great &#8220;what ifs&#8221; of interwar aviation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: from drawing board to lost legend<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">A short life, told in dates \u2014 a design that promised the world and was overtaken by history.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1934<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Design begins.<\/b> Jerzy D\u0105browski&#8217;s team at PZL starts work on a fast, all-metal medium bomber able to operate from Poland&#8217;s rough grass airfields.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1936<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>First flight.<\/b> The prototype PZL.37\/I takes to the air in mid-1936 \u2014 a strikingly modern machine for its day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1936<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Twin-tail prototype.<\/b> A second prototype introduces the twin vertical fins and refinements that shape the production aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1937<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Production starts.<\/b> The first series PZL.37A aircraft, with a single tail and Pegasus XII B engines, enter production.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1938<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The definitive \u0141o\u015b II.<\/b> The PZL.37B, with twin fins and more powerful Pegasus XX engines, becomes the main production version.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1938\u201339<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Export interest surges.<\/b> Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, Romania and others negotiate or place orders \u2014 most of which the war would leave unfilled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1 Sep 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Germany invades.<\/b> Only about 36 \u0141o\u015b are combat-ready, concentrated in the Polish Air Force&#8217;s Bomber Brigade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">4 Sep 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Into action.<\/b> The Bomber Brigade is committed against German armoured and motorised columns in daylight attacks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">Mid-Sep 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ground down.<\/b> Flying largely unescorted against enemy air superiority, the small \u0141o\u015b force suffers heavy losses within about two weeks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">17 Sep 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exodus south.<\/b> With the Soviet invasion from the east, surviving aircraft are ordered to neutral Romania; around 26\u201327 \u0141o\u015b escape.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1940<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Interned, then impressed.<\/b> Romania takes over the interned aircraft, pressing roughly 23 into the Royal Romanian Air Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1941<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Second war, foreign colours.<\/b> Romanian \u0141o\u015b fly combat on the Eastern Front \u2014 over Bessarabia and toward Odessa and Kiev.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1944<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The end of the line.<\/b> Worn out by attrition and a lack of spares, the last \u0141o\u015b fade from service. No complete airframe survives the war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">2012<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Reborn from photographs.<\/b> PZL Mielec unveils a full-scale non-flying replica, reconstructed largely from period images.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1935<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Design refined.<\/b> PZL settles the twin-engine layout and the twin-wheel undercarriage concept that will define the aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1937<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Public debut.<\/b> The \u0141o\u015b is shown internationally, drawing admiring attention from foreign air forces and sparking export interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Export talks peak.<\/b> Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece and Romania negotiate or order the \u0141o\u015b; export models PZL.37C and 37D are prepared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">16 Sep 1939<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Last Polish sorties.<\/b> The Bomber Brigade flies some of its final missions before the surviving aircraft are ordered abroad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ev\"><span class=\"yr\">1941\u201344<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Romanian front line.<\/b> Impressed \u0141o\u015b serve with the Royal Romanian Air Force on the Eastern Front until worn out.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Stories &amp; Eyewitnesses<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b in twelve short stories<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">The people, decisions and moments behind Poland&rsquo;s lost bomber &mdash; swipe through the cards for the human and historical detail that the specifications alone can never capture.<\/p>\n<div class=\"carou\">\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"los-track\">\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">01<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The elk that out-lifted its betters<\/h3>\n<p>Enthusiasts still point out that a small, light \u0141o\u015b could carry a bomb load rivalling or exceeding much larger aircraft. It is the fact that made 1930s observers sit up &mdash; and the reason the type is remembered so fondly today. In an age when bomber quality was often measured in raw size, the \u0141o\u015b quietly proved that clever design could beat brute bulk.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">02<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Built for mud, not runways<\/h3>\n<p>The twin, independently sprung main wheels were a deliberate answer to Polish reality: grass fields, no concrete. A fully bombed-up \u0141o\u015b could get off soft ground that would have trapped a single-wheel bomber. It is one of those details that tells you the designers had actually thought about where and how the aircraft would fight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">03<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>D\u0105browski&rsquo;s gamble<\/h3>\n<p>Engineer Jerzy D\u0105browski bet on a clean, modern airframe with modest engines rather than brute power. The bet paid off aerodynamically &mdash; the \u0141o\u015b did a great deal with a little. His career, like so many Polish aviation talents, would continue in exile after 1939, scattered across the Allied nations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">04<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The engine that crossed the Atlantic twice<\/h3>\n<p>An original PZL-built Pegasus was sent to the 1939 New York World&rsquo;s Fair, survived the war abroad, and was finally returned to Poland in 2006. It is now among the very few genuine \u0141o\u015b artefacts on display, a small metal survivor of an aircraft that otherwise vanished almost completely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">05<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Thirty-six against a Blitzkrieg<\/h3>\n<p>When Germany attacked, roughly 36 combat-ready \u0141o\u015b stood against the Luftwaffe. It was a fraction of the force Poland had planned &mdash; and everyone in the Bomber Brigade knew it. The gap between the aircraft&rsquo;s promise and the numbers actually available is the whole tragedy in a single statistic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">06<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Bombing the panzers<\/h3>\n<p>From 4 September the brigade struck German armoured columns by day, often from low level. The attacks were pressed hard; the aircrew&rsquo;s courage was never the problem. What defeated them was the arithmetic of too few bombers against an enemy who owned the sky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">07<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>No escort, no mercy<\/h3>\n<p>With only three rifle-calibre machine guns and rarely any fighter cover, the \u0141o\u015b was desperately exposed to German fighters. It was a bomb-carrier sent into a fighter&rsquo;s war, and it paid the price on almost every mission it flew that September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">08<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The flight to Romania<\/h3>\n<p>As Poland fell, crews flew their surviving \u0141o\u015b south to neutral Romania &mdash; around 26 to 27 of them &mdash; where aircraft and airmen were interned. For many Polish airmen, Romania was only the first stop on a long journey to fight again in France and Britain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">09<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Polish bomber, Romanian war<\/h3>\n<p>In a strange second act, Romania impressed the interned \u0141o\u015b and flew them in combat on the Eastern Front from 1941, over Bessarabia and toward Odessa and Kiev. The aircraft ended up fighting its longest campaign in another nation&rsquo;s markings, far from the country that built it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Tested by both invaders<\/h3>\n<p>Both Germany and the Soviet Union captured and flight-tested examples &mdash; a quiet acknowledgement that Poland&rsquo;s bomber was worth studying. Neither adopted it, but the evaluation reports remain among the few outside technical assessments of the type.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The orders that never came<\/h3>\n<p>Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece and others lined up to buy the \u0141o\u015b, and dedicated export models were prepared. The war swept almost all of those orders away before the aircraft could be delivered, leaving one of interwar aviation&rsquo;s great unfulfilled export stories.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scard\"><span class=\"sn\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Rebuilt from photographs<\/h3>\n<p>With original drawings scarce, the full-scale replica unveiled at PZL Mielec in 2012 had to be reconstructed largely from period photographs &mdash; a monument to an aircraft that left almost nothing physical behind. Standing before it is the closest anyone can now come to seeing a \u0141o\u015b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"cbtn\" onclick=\"this.closest('.carou').querySelector('.track').scrollBy({left:-360,behavior:'smooth'})\">&lsaquo;<\/button><button class=\"cbtn\" onclick=\"this.closest('.carou').querySelector('.track').scrollBy({left:360,behavior:'smooth'})\">&rsaquo;<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Gallery<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b in photographs<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">Genuine period photographs of Poland&rsquo;s lost bomber, its crews and its engine. All images are credited and public domain unless noted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"gallery-track\" id=\"los-gallery\">\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1313212001  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:UpM2.cd33\/w:1536\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-formation-flight.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201024%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b medium bomber in flight\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b in flight before the war. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=537629754  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:UpM2.cd33\/w:1533\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-crews-1939.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201082%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221082%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221082%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bombers lined up with their crews in 1939\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bombers with their crews, 1939. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1065756516  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:UpM2.cd33\/w:1536\/h:1078\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-on-airfield.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201078%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221078%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221078%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b parked on a grass airfield\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b on a grass airfield. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1602558404  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:dnf3.cd34\/w:1514\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37a-los-early-variant.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201095%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221095%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221095%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"An early single-tailed PZL.37A \u0141o\u015b\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>An early single-finned PZL.37A. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1463506199  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:dnf3.cd34\/w:1534\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-ground-crew.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201081%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221081%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221081%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Ground crew servicing a PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Ground crew servicing a \u0141o\u015b. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1849015074  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:dnf3.cd34\/w:1519\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-bomber-crew.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201092%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221092%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221092%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bomber crew beside their aircraft\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>A \u0141o\u015b crew beside their bomber. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1301192961  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:K9dL.cd35\/w:1536\/h:1062\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-captured.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201062%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221062%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221062%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b captured and evaluated by a foreign air force\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>A captured PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b under foreign evaluation. Photo: public domain (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><img data-opt-id=1825748982  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Y_3U.cd36\/w:606\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pzl-37-los-pegasus-engine-museum.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20863%201536%22%20width%3D%22863%22%20height%3D%221536%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22863%22%20height%3D%221536%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A surviving PZL-built Bristol Pegasus XX radial engine on display\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>A surviving PZL-built Pegasus XX engine, Polish Aviation Museum, Krak\u00f3w. Photo: Zala, CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">On Film<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b on film: Poland&rsquo;s advanced bomber of the 1930s<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">A concise, English-language documentary on the \u0141o\u015b \u2014 its promise, its engineering and its tragic timing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6RlPHtBVQiE\" title=\"PZL-37 \u0141o\u015b \u2013 Poland's Advanced Bomber of the 1930s (The Grand Archive)\" loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p class=\"vcap\">&ldquo;PZL-37 \u0141o\u015b \u2013 Poland&rsquo;s Advanced Bomber of the 1930s&rdquo; by The Grand Archive, a dedicated aviation-history channel (approx. 13,800 views and 660+ likes at the time of writing \u2014 a strong like ratio for a niche subject). We chose it as the clearest on-topic English overview; no large-channel documentary exists for this rare aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Operations Map<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">Where the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b operated: origin, 1939, exile and beyond<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">Poland built and flew it; a handful of survivors fought on in Romanian colours; and a string of pre-war export orders mostly came to nothing. Toggle the categories to explore. Note that most export orders (Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece and others) were never fulfilled because of the war \u2014 only a few aircraft were ever delivered abroad.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapwrap\">\n<div id=\"los-map-widget\">\n<div id=\"los-map-container\"><svg id=\"los-map-svg\"><\/svg><\/p>\n<div id=\"los-tooltip\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"los-controls\"><button class=\"los-toggle active\" data-cat=\"origin\" data-full=\"Origin &amp; manufacturer\" data-short=\"Origin\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;flex-shrink:0;background:#5C91FF\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"los-label\">Origin &amp; manufacturer<\/span><span class=\"los-check\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"los-toggle active\" data-cat=\"wwii\" data-full=\"1939 combat service\" data-short=\"Combat 1939\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;flex-shrink:0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4A6741 25%,#6B8E23 25%,#6B8E23 50%,#556B2F 50%,#556B2F 75%,#8B9D77 75%);background-size:8px 8px\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"los-label\">1939 combat service<\/span><span class=\"los-check\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"los-toggle active\" data-cat=\"export\" data-full=\"Export orders &amp; other operators\" data-short=\"Export\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;flex-shrink:0;background:#555\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"los-label\">Export orders &amp; other operators<\/span><span class=\"los-check\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"los-toggle active\" data-cat=\"survivor\" data-full=\"Surviving airframes\" data-short=\"Survivors\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;flex-shrink:0;background:#C0C0C0\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"los-label\">Surviving airframes<\/span><span class=\"los-check\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"los-count\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">By the Numbers<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">The PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b in September 1939 and after<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">Four figures that capture the gap between what the \u0141o\u015b could do and what Poland was able to field. Numbers are widely cited estimates.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cstats\">\n<div class=\"cstat\"><span class=\"n\">~36<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Combat-ready on 1 Sep 1939<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><span class=\"n\">~26\u201327<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Evacuated to Romania<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><span class=\"n\">2,580 kg<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Maximum bomb load<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><span class=\"n\">0<\/span><span class=\"lb\">Complete survivors today<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\" id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Q&amp;A<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: your questions answered<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">The questions people most often ask about Poland&rsquo;s lost bomber \u2014 answered honestly, with figures hedged where the record is uncertain.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details class=\"qa\" open>\n<summary>Can I fly in a PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>No. No complete PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b survives anywhere in the world \u2014 there is only a full-scale non-flying replica and a preserved engine \u2014 so there is no airworthy or bookable \u0141o\u015b, and MiGFlug does not offer flights in this aircraft. However, you <strong>can<\/strong> fly in several genuine military jets today: see the current line-up and prices at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">migflug.com\/flights-prices<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>Was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b really one of the best bombers of the 1930s?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>In design terms, it has a strong claim. When it appeared in 1936 it was clean, compact and modern, and it could carry a bomb load out of proportion to its size \u2014 often more than larger contemporaries. The honest caveats are that its defensive armament was light and Poland built too few, too late, so its combat record could never match its potential.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>How big was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bomb load?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Up to roughly 2,580 kg (about 5,690 lb) at maximum \u2014 impressive for such a small, light aircraft. In practice, operating from short, soft fields in 1939, aircraft often carried much less (around 800 kg) simply to get airborne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>Why did the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b have double wheels?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Each main undercarriage leg carried two independently sprung wheels side by side. This spread the aircraft&rsquo;s weight and let a fully loaded \u0141o\u015b operate from the soft grass airfields that were the reality in Poland, where concrete runways were scarce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>How many PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Estimates vary. A common figure is around 90 delivered by the outbreak of war with perhaps 30 or so more in production, giving a rough total of 90 to 120. Exact accounting is difficult because of wartime losses and destroyed records.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>How many were combat-ready when Germany invaded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Only about 36, concentrated in the Polish Air Force&rsquo;s single Bomber Brigade on 1 September 1939 \u2014 a fraction of the force Poland had planned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>What happened to the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b after Poland fell?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Around 26 to 27 survivors were evacuated to neutral Romania and interned. In 1940 Romania took them over, pressing roughly 23 into the Royal Romanian Air Force, and from 1941 some flew combat on the Eastern Front before wear and a lack of spares wore the fleet out.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>Did other countries actually buy the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Several tried. Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, Romania and others placed or negotiated orders before the war, and export versions (PZL.37C and 37D) were developed. But most of these orders were never fulfilled because of the outbreak of war \u2014 only a few aircraft were ever delivered abroad, and Romania&rsquo;s examples came mainly from the 1939 evacuation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>How fast was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>Around 412 km\/h (256 mph) loaded at altitude, with some sources citing figures up to roughly 445 km\/h. Treat the higher numbers with caution \u2014 they vary by source and configuration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>Does any PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b survive today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>No complete aircraft survives. What remains are relics and fragments, an original PZL-built Pegasus engine at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krak\u00f3w, and a full-scale non-flying replica built by PZL Mielec in 2012, reconstructed largely from photographs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>Who designed and built the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>It was designed by engineer Jerzy D\u0105browski and built by Poland&rsquo;s state aviation works, PZL (Pa\u0144stwowe Zak\u0142ady Lotnicze), in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in 1936.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>What does &#8220;\u0141o\u015b&#8221; mean and how is it pronounced?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>It is Polish for the elk (the moose). It sounds roughly like &#8220;w\u00f4sh&#8221; \u2014 the barred \u0141 is pronounced like an English &#8220;w&#8221; and the \u015b like a soft &#8220;sh&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"qa\">\n<summary>How does the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b compare to the Vickers Wellington?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"qa-body\">\n<p>The \u0141o\u015b was smaller and lighter but could carry a comparable or larger bomb load, which is why it is so often praised. The crucial difference is scale and time: the Wellington was built in thousands and served for years, while the \u0141o\u015b was built in dozens and fought for about two weeks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec cta\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Fly Something Real<\/div>\n<h2>You can&rsquo;t fly a PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b &mdash; but you can fly these<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">No \u0141o\u015b will ever fly again. But MiGFlug puts you in the cockpit of genuine, flyable military aircraft &mdash; from jet trainers to supersonic fighters. Choose your jet and go.<\/p>\n<div class=\"carou ctacar\">\n<div class=\"track\"><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/hawker-hunter-switzerland\/\"><span class=\"cn\">Hawker Hunter<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Switzerland &mdash; classic British jet fighter<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/fly-mig-29-in-russia\/\"><span class=\"cn\">MiG-29 Fulcrum<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Russia &mdash; to the edge of space<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/mig-15-fagot-czech-republic\/\"><span class=\"cn\">MiG-15 Fagot<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Czechia &mdash; the jet that shocked the West<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-italian-alps\/\"><span class=\"cn\">L-39 Albatros<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Italian Alps &mdash; jet aerobatics over the mountains<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/f104-starfighter-flight\/\"><span class=\"cn\">F-104 Starfighter<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Florida &mdash; the &ldquo;missile with a man in it&rdquo;<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/t-33-in-canada\/\"><span class=\"cn\">T-33 Shooting Star<\/span><span class=\"cl\">Canada &mdash; first-generation jet trainer<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><a class=\"ctacard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/vampire-flight-near-london\/\"><span class=\"cn\">de Havilland Vampire<\/span><span class=\"cl\">United Kingdom &mdash; early jet-age classic<\/span><span class=\"cbook\">View this flight<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"cbtns\"><button class=\"cbtn\" onclick=\"this.closest('.carou').querySelector('.track').scrollBy({left:-320,behavior:'smooth'})\">&lsaquo;<\/button><button class=\"cbtn\" onclick=\"this.closest('.carou').querySelector('.track').scrollBy({left:320,behavior:'smooth'})\">&rsaquo;<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"ctamain\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">See all fighter jet flights and prices<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec alt\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Related Aircraft<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">Explore more from the Aircraft Museum<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"relcard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pzl-p-11\/\"><span class=\"rt\">PZL P.11<\/span><span class=\"rd\">Poland&rsquo;s gull-winged fighter that fought the Luftwaffe alongside the \u0141o\u015b in 1939.<\/span><span class=\"rl\">View the P.11<\/span><\/a><a class=\"relcard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-blenheim\/\"><span class=\"rt\">Bristol Blenheim<\/span><span class=\"rd\">The RAF&rsquo;s fast light bomber &mdash; a direct British contemporary of the \u0141o\u015b.<\/span><span class=\"rl\">View the Blenheim<\/span><\/a><a class=\"relcard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/wellington\/\"><span class=\"rt\">Vickers Wellington<\/span><span class=\"rd\">Britain&rsquo;s twin-engine medium bomber, the aircraft the \u0141o\u015b is most often compared with.<\/span><span class=\"rl\">View the Wellington<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sec\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"st\">PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: sources &amp; further reading<\/h2>\n<div class=\"srcgrid\">\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/muzeumlotnictwa.pl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polish Aviation Museum, Krak\u00f3w<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">Holds the surviving original PZL-built Pegasus engine and \u0141o\u015b relics.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.militaryfactory.com\/aircraft\/detail.php?aircraft_id=1795\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Military Factory \u2014 PZL P.37 \u0141o\u015b<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">Specifications, variants and production overview of the type.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/polot.net\/en\/pzl-37-los-history-1936-7346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polot.net \u2014 PZL-37 \u0141o\u015b history<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">English-language history and development of the \u0141o\u015b.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armyaircorpsmuseum.org\/library\/258-pzl-p37-los.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Army Air Corps Museum library<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">A concise reference profile of the PZL P.37 \u0141o\u015b.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial War Museums<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">Context on the 1939 campaign and the air war over Poland.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The National WWII Museum<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">Background on the invasion of Poland and the opening of WWII.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plane-encyclopedia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plane Encyclopedia<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">Reference profiles of interwar and WWII aircraft including the \u0141o\u015b.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"srcitem\"><span class=\"sh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Afterburner \u2014 MiGFlug&rsquo;s Magazine<\/a><\/span><span class=\"sd\">MiGFlug&rsquo;s own aviation-history writing and flight experiences.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"los-data\" data-js=\"KGZ1bmN0aW9uIGJvb3QoKXsKaWYodHlwZW9mIGQzPT09J3VuZGVmaW5lZCd8fHR5cGVvZiB0b3BvanNvbj09PSd1bmRlZmluZWQnfHwhZDMuZ2VvUm9iaW5zb24pe3NldFRpbWVvdXQoYm9vdCwxNTApO3JldHVybjt9CnZhciBDQVQ9eyJvcmlnaW4iOnsibCI6Ik9yaWdpbiAmIG1hbnVmYWN0dXJlciAoUG9sYW5kKSIsImMiOlsiUG9sYW5kIl19LCJ3d2lpIjp7ImwiOiIxOTM5IGNvbWJhdCBzZXJ2aWNlIiwiYyI6WyJQb2xhbmQiLCJVa3JhaW5lIiwiTW9sZG92YSJdfSwiZXhwb3J0Ijp7ImwiOiJFeHBvcnQgb3JkZXJzICYgb3RoZXIgb3BlcmF0b3JzIiwiYyI6WyJSb21hbmlhIiwiQnVsZ2FyaWEiLCJTZXJiaWEiLCJUdXJrZXkiLCJHcmVlY2UiLCJTcGFpbiIsIkdlcm1hbnkiLCJSdXNzaWEiXX0sInN1cnZpdm9yIjp7ImwiOiJTdXJ2aXZpbmcgYWlyZnJhbWVzIiwiYyI6WyJQb2xhbmQiXX19OwpPYmplY3Qua2V5cyhDQVQpLmZvckVhY2goZnVuY3Rpb24oayl7Q0FUW2tdLnM9bmV3IFNldChDQVRba10uYyl9KTsKdmFyIGFjdGl2ZT17b3JpZ2luOjEsd3dpaToxLGV4cG9ydDoxLHN1cnZpdm9yOjF9Owp2YXIgSU5GTz17IlBvbGFuZCI6IkhvbWUgb2YgdGhlIFBaTC4zNyDFgW\/FmzogZGVzaWduZWQgYnkgSmVyenkgRMSFYnJvd3NraSBhbmQgYnVpbHQgYnkgUFpMIGluIFdhcnNhdywgZmlyc3QgZmxpZ2h0IDE5MzYuIEFyb3VuZCA5MOKAkzEyMCB3ZXJlIGJ1aWx0IChmaWd1cmVzIHZhcnkpLCB5ZXQgb25seSBhYm91dCAzNiB3ZXJlIGNvbWJhdC1yZWFkeSBpbiB0aGUgQm9tYmVyIEJyaWdhZGUgd2hlbiBHZXJtYW55IGludmFkZWQgb24gMSBTZXB0ZW1iZXIgMTkzOS4gTm8gY29tcGxldGUgYWlyZnJhbWUgc3Vydml2ZXMg4oCUIG9ubHkgcmVsaWNzLCBhIHByZXNlcnZlZCBQZWdheiBlbmdpbmUgYW5kIGEgZnVsbC1zY2FsZSByZXBsaWNhLiIsIlVrcmFpbmUiOiJDb21iYXQgdGhlYXRyZTogZnJvbSAxOTQxIFJvbWFuaWFuLW9wZXJhdGVkIFBaTC4zN3MgYm9tYmVkIEVhc3Rlcm4gRnJvbnQgdGFyZ2V0cywgaW5jbHVkaW5nIHJhaWRzIHRvd2FyZCBPZGVzc2EgYW5kIEtpZXYuIiwiTW9sZG92YSI6IkNvbWJhdCB0aGVhdHJlOiBCZXNzYXJhYmlhIHdhcyBib21iZWQgYnkgUm9tYW5pYW4tb3BlcmF0ZWQgxYFvxZsgdW5pdHMgaW4gMTk0MS4iLCJSb21hbmlhIjoiVGhlIG9ubHkgcmVhbCBvcGVyYXRvciBhYnJvYWQuIEFib3V0IDI24oCTMjcgxYFvxZsgd2VyZSBldmFjdWF0ZWQgaGVyZSBpbiBTZXB0ZW1iZXIgMTkzOSBhbmQgcm91Z2hseSAyMyB3ZXJlIGltcHJlc3NlZCBpbnRvIHRoZSBSb3lhbCBSb21hbmlhbiBBaXIgRm9yY2UsIGZseWluZyBvbiB0aGUgRWFzdGVybiBGcm9udCBmcm9tIDE5NDEuIFJvbWFuaWEgaGFkIGFsc28gb3JkZXJlZCB+MzAgUFpMLjM3RCBwbHVzIGEgbGljZW5jZSBiZWZvcmUgdGhlIHdhci4iLCJCdWxnYXJpYSI6Ik9yZGVyZWQgYXJvdW5kIDEyIFBaTC4zN0MgYmVmb3JlIHRoZSB3YXIg4oCUIHVuZGVsaXZlcmVkIG9uY2UgdGhlIHdhciBicm9rZSBvdXQgKG9ubHkgYSBmZXcgb2YgdGhlIGV4cG9ydCBvcmRlcnMgd2VyZSBldmVyIGZpbGxlZCkuIiwiU2VyYmlhIjoiU3RhbmRpbmcgaW4gZm9yIHRoZSBLaW5nZG9tIG9mIFl1Z29zbGF2aWEsIHdoaWNoIG9yZGVyZWQgYXJvdW5kIDIwIFBaTC4zN0MgaW4gMTkzOSDigJQgdW5kZWxpdmVyZWQgYmVjYXVzZSBvZiB0aGUgd2FyLiIsIlR1cmtleSI6Ik9yZGVyZWQgYXJvdW5kIDEwIFBaTC4zN0QgcGx1cyBtYXRlcmlhbHMgYW5kIGEgbGljZW5jZSDigJQgdW5kZWxpdmVyZWQgYmVjYXVzZSBvZiB0aGUgd2FyLiIsIkdyZWVjZSI6Ik9yZGVyZWQgYXJvdW5kIDEyIMWBb8WbIGJlZm9yZSB0aGUgd2FyIOKAlCB1bmRlbGl2ZXJlZCBiZWNhdXNlIG9mIHRoZSB3YXIuIiwiU3BhaW4iOiJBIGxpY2VuY2UtcHJvZHVjdGlvbiBwbGFuIGxpbmtlZCB0byB0aGUgU3BhbmlzaCBSZXB1YmxpYyB3YXMgYWJhbmRvbmVkIGFzIHRoZSBDaXZpbCBXYXIgZW5kZWQ7IG5vIGFpcmNyYWZ0IGRlbGl2ZXJlZC4iLCJHZXJtYW55IjoiQ2FwdHVyZWQgZXhhbXBsZXM6IHRoZSBMdWZ0d2FmZmUgc2VpemVkIGFuZCBmbGlnaHQtdGVzdGVkIGEgc21hbGwgbnVtYmVyIG9mIFBaTC4zN3MgaW4gMTkzOS4iLCJSdXNzaWEiOiJTdGFuZGluZyBpbiBmb3IgdGhlIFVTU1IsIHdoaWNoIGNhcHR1cmVkIGFuZCB0ZXN0ZWQgYSBmZXcgUFpMLjM3cyBpbiAxOTM5LiJ9Owp2YXIgTk09ezQ6J0FmZ2hhbmlzdGFuJyw4OidBbGJhbmlhJywxMjonQWxnZXJpYScsMjQ6J0FuZ29sYScsMzI6J0FyZ2VudGluYScsMzY6J0F1c3RyYWxpYScsNDA6J0F1c3RyaWEnLDUwOidCYW5nbGFkZXNoJyw1MTonQXJtZW5pYScsNTY6J0JlbGdpdW0nLDY0OidCaHV0YW4nLDY4OidCb2xpdmlhJyw3MDonQm9zbmlhIGFuZCBIZXJ6ZWdvdmluYScsNzI6J0JvdHN3YW5hJyw3NjonQnJhemlsJyw5NjonQnJ1bmVpJywxMDA6J0J1bGdhcmlhJywxMDQ6J015YW5tYXInLDEwODonQnVydW5kaScsMTE2OidDYW1ib2RpYScsMTIwOidDYW1lcm9vbicsMTI0OidDYW5hZGEnLDE0MDonQ2VudHJhbCBBZnJpY2FuIFJlcHVibGljJywxNDQ6J1NyaSBMYW5rYScsMTQ4OidDaGFkJywxNTI6J0NoaWxlJywxNTY6J0NoaW5hJywxNzA6J0NvbG9tYmlhJywxNzQ6J0NvbW9yb3MnLDE3ODonQ29uZ28nLDE4MDonRGVtLiBSZXAuIENvbmdvJywxODg6J0Nvc3RhIFJpY2EnLDE5MTonQ3JvYXRpYScsMTkyOidDdWJhJywxOTY6J0N5cHJ1cycsMjAzOidDemVjaCBSZXB1YmxpYycsMjA4OidEZW5tYXJrJywyMTQ6J0RvbWluaWNhbiBSZXB1YmxpYycsMjE4OidFY3VhZG9yJyw4MTg6J0VneXB0JywyMjI6J0VsIFNhbHZhZG9yJywyMjY6J0VxdWF0b3JpYWwgR3VpbmVhJywyMzI6J0VyaXRyZWEnLDIzMzonRXN0b25pYScsMjMxOidFdGhpb3BpYScsMjQ2OidGaW5sYW5kJywyNTA6J0ZyYW5jZScsMjY2OidHYWJvbicsMjcwOidHYW1iaWEnLDI2ODonR2VvcmdpYScsMjc2OidHZXJtYW55JywyODg6J0doYW5hJywzMDA6J0dyZWVjZScsMzIwOidHdWF0ZW1hbGEnLDMyNDonR3VpbmVhJywzMjg6J0d1eWFuYScsMzMyOidIYWl0aScsMzQwOidIb25kdXJhcycsMzQ4OidIdW5nYXJ5JywzNTI6J0ljZWxhbmQnLDM1NjonSW5kaWEnLDM2MDonSW5kb25lc2lhJywzNjQ6J0lyYW4nLDM2ODonSXJhcScsMzcyOidJcmVsYW5kJywzNzY6J0lzcmFlbCcsMzgwOidJdGFseScsMzg0OidJdm9yeSBDb2FzdCcsMzg4OidKYW1haWNhJywzOTI6J0phcGFuJyw0MDA6J0pvcmRhbicsMzk4OidLYXpha2hzdGFuJyw0MDQ6J0tlbnlhJyw0MDg6J05vcnRoIEtvcmVhJyw0MTA6J1NvdXRoIEtvcmVhJyw0MTQ6J0t1d2FpdCcsNDE3OidLeXJneXpzdGFuJyw0MTg6J0xhb3MnLDQyMjonTGViYW5vbicsNDI2OidMZXNvdGhvJyw0MzA6J0xpYmVyaWEnLDQzNDonTGlieWEnLDQ0MDonTGl0aHVhbmlhJyw0NDI6J0x1eGVtYm91cmcnLDQ1MDonTWFkYWdhc2NhcicsNDU0OidNYWxhd2knLDQ1ODonTWFsYXlzaWEnLDQ2NjonTWFsaScsNDc4OidNYXVyaXRhbmlhJyw0ODQ6J01leGljbycsNDk2OidNb25nb2xpYScsNDk4OidNb2xkb3ZhJyw0OTk6J01vbnRlbmVncm8nLDUwNDonTW9yb2NjbycsNTA4OidNb3phbWJpcXVlJyw1MTY6J05hbWliaWEnLDUyNDonTmVwYWwnLDUyODonTmV0aGVybGFuZHMnLDU0MDonTmV3IENhbGVkb25pYScsNTU0OidOZXcgWmVhbGFuZCcsNTU4OidOaWNhcmFndWEnLDU2MjonTmlnZXInLDU2NjonTmlnZXJpYScsNTc4OidOb3J3YXknLDUxMjonT21hbicsNTg2OidQYWtpc3RhbicsNTkxOidQYW5hbWEnLDU5ODonUGFwdWEgTmV3IEd1aW5lYScsNjAwOidQYXJhZ3VheScsNjA0OidQZXJ1Jyw2MDg6J1BoaWxpcHBpbmVzJyw2MTY6J1BvbGFuZCcsNjIwOidQb3J0dWdhbCcsNjMwOidQdWVydG8gUmljbycsNjM0OidRYXRhcicsNjQyOidSb21hbmlhJyw2NDM6J1J1c3NpYScsNjQ2OidSd2FuZGEnLDY4MjonU2F1ZGkgQXJhYmlhJyw2ODY6J1NlbmVnYWwnLDY4ODonU2VyYmlhJyw2OTQ6J1NpZXJyYSBMZW9uZScsNzAyOidTaW5nYXBvcmUnLDcwMzonU2xvdmFraWEnLDcwNTonU2xvdmVuaWEnLDcwNjonU29tYWxpYScsNzEwOidTb3V0aCBBZnJpY2EnLDcxNjonWmltYmFid2UnLDcyNDonU3BhaW4nLDcyODonU291dGggU3VkYW4nLDcyOTonU3VkYW4nLDc0MDonU3VyaW5hbWUnLDc0ODonU3dhemlsYW5kJyw3NTI6J1N3ZWRlbicsNzU2OidTd2l0emVybGFuZCcsNzYwOidTeXJpYScsNzYyOidUYWppa2lzdGFuJyw3NjQ6J1RoYWlsYW5kJyw3Njg6J1RvZ28nLDc4MDonVHJpbmlkYWQgYW5kIFRvYmFnbycsNzg4OidUdW5pc2lhJyw3OTI6J1R1cmtleScsNzk1OidUdXJrbWVuaXN0YW4nLDgwMDonVWdhbmRhJyw4MDQ6J1VrcmFpbmUnLDc4NDonVW5pdGVkIEFyYWIgRW1pcmF0ZXMnLDgyNjonVW5pdGVkIEtpbmdkb20nLDgzNDonVGFuemFuaWEnLDg0MDonVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlcyBvZiBBbWVyaWNhJyw4NTg6J1VydWd1YXknLDg2MDonVXpiZWtpc3RhbicsODYyOidWZW5lenVlbGEnLDcwNDonVmlldG5hbScsODg3OidZZW1lbicsODk0OidaYW1iaWEnLDMxOidBemVyYmFpamFuJywxMTI6J0JlbGFydXMnLDI3NTonUGFsZXN0aW5lJywzMDQ6J0dyZWVubGFuZCcsMTA6J0FudGFyY3RpY2EnLDE1ODonVGFpd2FuJyw2NTI6J1dlc3Rlcm4gU2FoYXJhJ307CmZ1bmN0aW9uIGdjKG4pe2lmKGFjdGl2ZS5vcmlnaW4mJkNBVC5vcmlnaW4ucy5oYXMobikpcmV0dXJuJ29yaWdpbic7aWYoYWN0aXZlLnd3aWkmJkNBVC53d2lpLnMuaGFzKG4pKXJldHVybid3d2lpJztpZihhY3RpdmUuZXhwb3J0JiZDQVQuZXhwb3J0LnMuaGFzKG4pKXJldHVybidleHBvcnQnO2lmKGFjdGl2ZS5zdXJ2aXZvciYmQ0FULnN1cnZpdm9yLnMuaGFzKG4pKXJldHVybidzdXJ2aXZvcic7cmV0dXJuIG51bGw7fQpmdW5jdGlvbiBhYyhuKXt2YXIgcj1bXTtpZihDQVQub3JpZ2luLnMuaGFzKG4pKXIucHVzaCgnT3JpZ2luICYgTWFudWZhY3R1cmVyJyk7aWYoQ0FULnd3aWkucy5oYXMobikpci5wdXNoKCcxOTM5IERlZmVuc2l2ZSBXYXIgJiBPcGVyYXRvcnMnKTtpZihDQVQuZXhwb3J0LnMuaGFzKG4pKXIucHVzaCgnRXhwb3J0ICYgTGljZW5jZSBPcGVyYXRvcnMnKTtpZihDQVQuc3Vydml2b3Iucy5oYXMobikpci5wdXNoKCdTdXJ2aXZpbmcgQWlyZnJhbWVzJyk7cmV0dXJuIHI7fQpmdW5jdGlvbiBidWlsZFRvb2x0aXAobil7dmFyIGNhdHM9YWMobik7aWYoIWNhdHMubGVuZ3RoKXJldHVybiBudWxsO3ZhciBoPSc8c3BhbiBjbGFzcz0idHQtbmFtZSI+JytuKyc8L3NwYW4+JztoKz0nPHNwYW4gY2xhc3M9InR0LWNhdCI+JytjYXRzLmpvaW4oJyBcdTAwYjcgJykrJzwvc3Bhbj4nO2lmKElORk9bbl0pe2grPSc8c3BhbiBjbGFzcz0idHQtZGVzYyI+JytJTkZPW25dKyc8L3NwYW4+Jzt9cmV0dXJuIGg7fQpmdW5jdGlvbiB1cGRhdGVMYWJlbHMoKXt2YXIgbT13aW5kb3cuaW5uZXJXaWR0aDw9NjAwO2RvY3VtZW50LnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3JBbGwoJy5sb3MtdG9nZ2xlJykuZm9yRWFjaChmdW5jdGlvbihiKXt2YXIgbD1iLnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3IoJy5sb3MtbGFiZWwnKTtpZihsKWwudGV4dENvbnRlbnQ9bT9iLmdldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgnZGF0YS1zaG9ydCcpOmIuZ2V0QXR0cmlidXRlKCdkYXRhLWZ1bGwnKTt9KTt9CnVwZGF0ZUxhYmVscygpO3dpbmRvdy5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdyZXNpemUnLHVwZGF0ZUxhYmVscyk7CmRvY3VtZW50LnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3JBbGwoJy5sb3MtdG9nZ2xlJykuZm9yRWFjaChmdW5jdGlvbihiKXtiLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoJ2NsaWNrJyxmdW5jdGlvbigpe3ZhciBjPXRoaXMuZ2V0QXR0cmlidXRlKCdkYXRhLWNhdCcpO2FjdGl2ZVtjXT1hY3RpdmVbY10\/MDoxO3RoaXMuY2xhc3NMaXN0LnRvZ2dsZSgnYWN0aXZlJywhIWFjdGl2ZVtjXSk7dXBkKCk7fSk7fSk7CmZ1bmN0aW9uIHVwZCgpe2QzLnNlbGVjdEFsbCgnI2xvcy1tYXAtd2lkZ2V0IC5jb3VudHJ5JykuZWFjaChmdW5jdGlvbigpe3ZhciBlbD1kMy5zZWxlY3QodGhpcyksbj1lbC5hdHRyKCdkYXRhLW5hbWUnKSxjPWdjKG4pO2VsLmF0dHIoJ2NsYXNzJywnY291bnRyeScrKGM\/JyBjYXQtJytjOicnKSk7fSk7dmFyIHZpcz1uZXcgU2V0KCk7T2JqZWN0LmtleXMoYWN0aXZlKS5mb3JFYWNoKGZ1bmN0aW9uKGspe2lmKGFjdGl2ZVtrXSlDQVRba10uYy5mb3JFYWNoKGZ1bmN0aW9uKGMpe3Zpcy5hZGQoYyl9KX0pO2RvY3VtZW50LmdldEVsZW1lbnRCeUlkKCdsb3MtY291bnQnKS5pbm5lckhUTUw9JzxzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSJmb250LXdlaWdodDo3MDA7Y29sb3I6IzVDOTFGRiI+Jyt2aXMuc2l6ZSsnPC9zcGFuPiBjb3VudHJpZXMgc2hvd24gYWNyb3NzIGFjdGl2ZSBjYXRlZ29yaWVzJzt9CnZhciBXPTEwODAsSD01MDA7CnZhciBzdmc9ZDMuc2VsZWN0KCcjbG9zLW1hcC1zdmcnKS5hdHRyKCd2aWV3Qm94JywnMCAwICcrVysnICcrSCkuYXR0cigncHJlc2VydmVBc3BlY3RSYXRpbycsJ3hNaWRZTWlkIG1lZXQnKTsKdmFyIGRlZnM9c3ZnLmFwcGVuZCgnZGVmcycpOwp2YXIgcGF0PWRlZnMuYXBwZW5kKCdwYXR0ZXJuJykuYXR0cignaWQnLCdjYW1vLXBhdHRlcm4nKS5hdHRyKCdwYXR0ZXJuVW5pdHMnLCd1c2VyU3BhY2VPblVzZScpLmF0dHIoJ3dpZHRoJywyMCkuYXR0cignaGVpZ2h0JywyMCk7CnBhdC5hcHBlbmQoJ3JlY3QnKS5hdHRyKCd3aWR0aCcsMjApLmF0dHIoJ2hlaWdodCcsMjApLmF0dHIoJ2ZpbGwnLCcjNkI4RTIzJyk7CnBhdC5hcHBlbmQoJ2NpcmNsZScpLmF0dHIoJ2N4JywzKS5hdHRyKCdjeScsMykuYXR0cigncicsNSkuYXR0cignZmlsbCcsJyM1NTZCMkYnKTsKcGF0LmFwcGVuZCgnY2lyY2xlJykuYXR0cignY3gnLDEzKS5hdHRyKCdjeScsOCkuYXR0cigncicsNCkuYXR0cignZmlsbCcsJyM0QTY3NDEnKTsKcGF0LmFwcGVuZCgnY2lyY2xlJykuYXR0cignY3gnLDgpLmF0dHIoJ2N5JywxNikuYXR0cigncicsNikuYXR0cignZmlsbCcsJyMzRTU2MzEnKTsKcGF0LmFwcGVuZCgnY2lyY2xlJykuYXR0cignY3gnLDE4KS5hdHRyKCdjeScsMTUpLmF0dHIoJ3InLDMpLmF0dHIoJ2ZpbGwnLCcjOEI5RDc3Jyk7CnBhdC5hcHBlbmQoJ2NpcmNsZScpLmF0dHIoJ2N4JywxKS5hdHRyKCdjeScsMTIpLmF0dHIoJ3InLDMpLmF0dHIoJ2ZpbGwnLCcjMkY0MDI0Jyk7CnZhciBwcm9qPWQzLmdlb1JvYmluc29uKCkuc2NhbGUoMTcwKS50cmFuc2xhdGUoW1cvMixILzIrMTBdKTsKdmFyIHBhdGhHPWQzLmdlb1BhdGgoKS5wcm9qZWN0aW9uKHByb2opOwpzdmcuYXBwZW5kKCdyZWN0JykuYXR0cignd2lkdGgnLFcpLmF0dHIoJ2hlaWdodCcsSCkuYXR0cignZmlsbCcsJyNmZmYnKTsKc3ZnLmFwcGVuZCgncGF0aCcpLmRhdHVtKHt0eXBlOidTcGhlcmUnfSkuYXR0cignZmlsbCcsJ25vbmUnKS5hdHRyKCdzdHJva2UnLCcjRDBEOEU0JykuYXR0cignc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoJywuNSkuYXR0cignZCcscGF0aEcpOwpzdmcuYXBwZW5kKCdwYXRoJykuZGF0dW0oZDMuZ2V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el=document.getElementById(\"los-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/d3\/7.8.5\/d3.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/topojson\/3.0.2\/topojson.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/d3-geo-projection@4\/dist\/d3-geo-projection.min.js\"><\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I fly in a PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. No complete PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b survives anywhere \u2014 there is only a full-scale non-flying replica and a preserved engine \u2014 so there is no airworthy or bookable \u0141o\u015b, and MiGFlug does not offer flights in this aircraft. However, you can fly in several genuine military jets today: see the current line-up and prices at migflug.com\/flights-prices.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b really one of the best bombers of the 1930s?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In design terms it has a strong claim: when it appeared in 1936 it was clean, compact and modern, and could carry a bomb load out of proportion to its size, often more than larger contemporaries. The caveats are that its defensive armament was light and Poland built too few, too late.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How big was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b bomb load?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Up to roughly 2,580 kg (about 5,690 lb) at maximum, impressive for such a small, light aircraft. In practice in 1939 aircraft often carried much less, around 800 kg, to get airborne from short, soft fields.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b have double wheels?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Each main undercarriage leg carried two independently sprung wheels side by side. This spread the weight and let a fully loaded \u0141o\u015b operate from the soft grass airfields that were the reality in Poland.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b were built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Estimates vary: around 90 delivered by the outbreak of war with perhaps 30 or so more in production, for a rough total of 90 to 120. Exact accounting is difficult because of wartime losses and destroyed records.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many were combat-ready when Germany invaded?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Only about 36, concentrated in the Polish Air Force Bomber Brigade on 1 September 1939.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happened to the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b after Poland fell?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Around 26 to 27 survivors were evacuated to Romania and interned. In 1940 Romania took them over, pressing roughly 23 into the Royal Romanian Air Force, and from 1941 some flew combat on the Eastern Front.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did other countries actually buy the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Several tried. Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, Romania and others placed or negotiated orders, and export versions were developed, but most orders were never fulfilled because of the war. Only a few aircraft were delivered abroad.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How fast was the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Around 412 km\/h (256 mph) loaded at altitude, with some sources citing up to roughly 445 km\/h. Treat the higher figures with caution as they vary by source and configuration.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does any PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b survive today?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No complete aircraft survives. There are relics, an original PZL-built Pegasus engine at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krak\u00f3w, and a full-scale non-flying replica built by PZL Mielec in 2012.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who designed and built the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It was designed by engineer Jerzy D\u0105browski and built by Poland state aviation works, PZL, in Warsaw. The prototype first flew in 1936.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does the name \u0141o\u015b mean and how is it pronounced?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It is Polish for the elk (the moose). It sounds roughly like \\\"wosh\\\", with the barred L pronounced like an English \\\"w\\\" and the s-acute like a soft \\\"sh\\\".\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does the PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b compare to the Vickers Wellington?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The \u0141o\u015b was smaller and lighter but could carry a comparable or larger bomb load. The crucial difference is scale and time: the Wellington was built in thousands and served for years, while the \u0141o\u015b was built in dozens and fought for about two weeks.\"}}]}<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aircraft Museum \/ PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: Poland&#8217;s world-class bomber that arrived too late In 1936 it was one of the most modern medium bombers on earth \u2014 fast, compact and able to out-carry far bigger aircraft. When Germany invaded in 1939, Poland could field only a handful. 2,580 kgMax bomb load ~412 km\/hTop speed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21337,"parent":15960,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21336","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b \u2014 History, Specs, Photos &amp; Stories | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Poland&#039;s PZL.37 \u0141o\u015b: a world-class 1930s medium bomber with a big bomb load that came too few, too late in 1939. 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