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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid 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34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Misawa Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Misawa Hikojo<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (shared with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and a civil terminal)<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><img data-opt-id=1683109678  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-symbol-white.png\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"badge big\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"United States Air Force badge\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"144\" height=\"112\"><span class=\"mk\">Service badge<b>United States Air Force<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><img data-opt-id=2461960  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-majcom-pacaf.png\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"mjc\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Pacific Air Forces emblem\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\"><span class=\"mk\">Major command<b>Pacific Air Forces<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"finflash tall\" viewBox=\"0 0 40 48\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"United States Air Force fin marking: a wing colour band above the tail code WW\"><path d=\"M4 46 L15 6 H34 V46 Z\" fill=\"#39424f\"\/><path d=\"M15 6 H34 V15 H12.53 Z\" fill=\"#f2c200\"\/><rect x=\"15\" y=\"15.4\" width=\"19\" height=\"1.5\" fill=\"#12161c\"\/><text x=\"24.5\" y=\"32.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#ffffff\">WW<\/text><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">Tail code<b>Misawa&rsquo;s fighters wore MJ &mdash; Misawa, Japan &mdash; until 18 June 1996, when the 35th Fighter Wing changed its tail flash to WW for Wild Weasel, the hunting and killing of enemy radar. The wing&rsquo;s own history fixes the change to that date. WW is not unique to Misawa: the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina, the Air Force&rsquo;s other Wild Weasel wing, wears the same two letters, which is why Misawa aircraft are usually identified by the coloured squadron stripe above the code rather than by the code itself.<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>RJSM<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3,050 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1938<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>United States Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>State<\/b>Japan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>36 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>40.7053 N, 141.3719 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Misawa Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Misawa is in northern Honshu, a joint installation shared by the USAF, the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, the US Navy and a civil terminal &mdash; an unusual arrangement that reflects how tightly American and Japanese air operations are woven together. The Japanese Navy used the field to rehearse the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941; the Americans took it over in 1945. During the Cold War Misawa was best known for the enormous AN\/FLR-9 &quot;elephant cage&quot; direction-finding antenna on the nearby Security Hill, a signals intelligence site aimed at the Soviet Far East, and for the F-16s that arrived in 1985.<\/p>\n<p>The 35th Fighter Wing flies two squadrons of Block 50 F-16CM aircraft specialising in the suppression of enemy air defences, the same mission as Spangdahlem. Air Force plans announced in 2024 involve replacing the Misawa F-16 force with F-35As later this decade; the timetable has moved more than once and should be treated as intended rather than settled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Misawa from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Misawa Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 3,050 m of asphalt\/concrete.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Misawa Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=141.32714,40.68955,141.41666,40.72105\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=141.32982,40.68403,141.41398,40.72657\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=141.35112,40.68955,141.39268,40.72105\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Bringing the F-35 to Misawa underscores our long-standing commitment to Japan and the region.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Colonel Paul Davidson<\/b><span>Commander, 35th Fighter Wing, on the arrival of the first permanently based American F-35As at Misawa, 28 March 2026<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.misawa.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/4446667\/f-35a-lightning-iis-arrive-at-misawa-air-base\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Misawa Air Base<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>For F-16 fighters to resume flights without any explanation to the prefecture is regrettable.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Shingo Mimura<\/b><span>Governor of Aomori Prefecture, after the 35th Fighter Wing resumed flying two days after fuel tanks fell on the town of Fukaura, December 2021<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/asia_pacific\/2021-12-03\/misawa-air-base-japan-f-16-fuel-tanks-aomori-governor-3841691.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Misawa Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>RJSM<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>United States<\/dd>\n<dt>State<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>40.7053 N, 141.3719 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>36 m <span class=\"imp\">(118 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>10\/28<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>3,050 m <span class=\"imp\">(10,007 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt\/concrete<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">shared with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and a civil terminal<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>United States Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1938<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>35th Fighter Wing<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>3 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Misawa Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>3 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>35th Fighter Wing<small>Fighter wing &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>13th Fighter Squadron<small>Panthers &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>14th Fighter Squadron<small>Samurais &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16CM\/DM Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16CM\/DM Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Misawa is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The Pacific&rsquo;s Wild Weasels<\/h3>\n<p>Misawa is the Air Force&rsquo;s forward Wild Weasel base: its fighters exist to find enemy surface-to-air missile radars, bait them into switching on, and destroy them so that everything behind can get through. The wing calls itself the Air Force&rsquo;s premier Wild Weasel organisation, and it has carried the job in the western Pacific since the mid-1990s.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The tail flash changed from MJ to WW on 18 June 1996, and the wing&rsquo;s history records the 13th Fighter Squadron firing the first combat AGM-88 HARM from an F-16CJ on 27 September 1996.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>The only combined, joint service installation in the Western Pacific<\/h3>\n<p>That is the Air Force&rsquo;s own phrase for Misawa, and it is meant literally. Air Force, Navy, Army and Marine Corps units work on the same field as the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, and a civilian airline terminal sits on the same runway. No other American installation west of Hawaii puts all of that inside one fence line.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">All four United States armed services staff the Misawa Security Operations Center under a single roof, alongside a Japanese air wing and a commercial terminal on one 10,000-foot runway.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The elephant cage<\/h3>\n<p>For half a century the skyline north of the flightline was dominated by an AN\/FLR-9 circularly disposed antenna array, three concentric rings of steel that local people nicknamed the elephant cage and treated as a good-luck landmark. It listened to high-frequency radio across the northern Pacific and fed the intelligence centre on Security Hill.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Built 1963&ndash;65 for about 3.3 million dollars, 137 feet tall, able to fix transmissions out to roughly 4,000 nautical miles; demolition began on 15 October 2013 after 48 years.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>A fighter base with an airline gate<\/h3>\n<p>Passengers check in for Tokyo, Osaka and Sapporo at a Japanese civil terminal that shares the runway with American fighters and Japanese interceptors. Scheduled flying started here in 1953, stopped in 1965, and came back in 1975. It is an unusual arrangement anywhere and an especially unusual one on a front-line combat base.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Misawa Airport handled 336,869 passengers and 3,986 aircraft movements in 2024, on scheduled services to Tokyo Haneda, Osaka Itami and Sapporo Okadama.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Where the first non-stop Pacific flight began<\/h3>\n<p>In October 1931 Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon Jr. lifted a Bellanca monoplane off Sabishiro Beach, the sand a few miles from the present runway, and flew it without stopping to Washington State. Misawa and Wenatchee have been sister cities ever since, and a replica of the aircraft sits in the town&rsquo;s aviation museum.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 41-hour flight won a 25,000-dollar prize offered by the Asahi Shimbun for the first non-stop crossing of the Pacific.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Rebuilt from ninety per cent rubble<\/h3>\n<p>Misawa ended the Second World War as wreckage. United States Navy carrier aircraft worked the field over in the last days of the war, and what the Americans occupied a month later had to be rebuilt almost from nothing. Every building on the base today stands on ground that was cleared twice.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">On 8 and 9 August 1945 about 30 United States Navy carrier aircraft destroyed 45 aircraft on the ground and roughly 90 per cent of the base.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>A beach, a record flight and a naval air group<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In October 1931 two Americans, Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon Jr., dragged a Bellanca monoplane off Sabishiro Beach, the strip of sand a few miles east of the present runway, and flew it without stopping to Wenatchee, Washington. It was the first non-stop flight across the Pacific, and it won a 25,000-dollar prize offered by the Asahi Shimbun. The 35th Fighter Wing&rsquo;s own history dates the departure to 4 October 1931; the American memorial foundation dates it to 3 October, because the two ends of the flight lay on opposite sides of the date line.<\/p>\n<p>Military flying came eight years later. The Imperial Japanese Naval Air Force began cutting a runway out of the same sand on 1 September 1939, and the first aircraft to land at Misawa, in March 1942, was a G4M &ldquo;Betty&rdquo; bomber. The field was laid out for long-range bombers but ended up a training and aeronautical research station, with Lake Ogawara next door used as a seaplane training water. On 7 August 1942 the Misawa Air Group flew its G4M1s south to Rabaul against the American landings at Guadalcanal, and lost most of them within days.<\/p>\n<p>Pacific Air Forces states plainly that Imperial Japanese Navy units at Misawa used Lake Ogawara to practise for the attack on Pearl Harbor. By September 1944 one of the units on the field had been designated a training division for kamikaze crews, and the roughly 50 pilots of Misawa&rsquo;s only kamikaze unit went south to Kyushu in June 1945; close to half of them did not survive the war. On 8 and 9 August 1945 about 30 United States Navy carrier aircraft destroyed 45 aircraft on the ground and roughly 90 per cent of the base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>Occupation, Korea and the air defence of northern Japan<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>American troops reached the wrecked field on 15 September 1945 under Captain Davis K. Stark of the 32nd Army Engineering Construction Group, and spent that first Christmas rebuilding it. Japan completed the transfer of the property on 5 September 1946. The 49th Fighter Group brought F-51 Mustangs in 1948. Eight different organisations took turns as host unit over the next two decades, which is why Misawa&rsquo;s lineage reads less like a single base history than a relay race between commands that each wanted the northern end of Honshu for a different reason.<\/p>\n<p>The Korean War turned the place into a workshop. On 28 September 1950 the 49th Fighter-Bomber Group fitted its F-80s with an enlarged drop tank that the Air Force went on calling the &ldquo;Misawa tank&rdquo;, because a standard tank did not give an early jet the range to reach Korea and still fight when it arrived. The 39th Air Division stood up on 1 March 1952 to run the air defence of northern Honshu and Hokkaido, and after a shoot-down in 1954 it began escorting American reconnaissance aircraft flying near Soviet territory.<\/p>\n<p>Nuclear weapons were part of that posture, and the record is thin on purpose. The Eisenhower administration approved moving the non-nuclear components of atomic bombs to bases in Japan in December 1954; those components stayed until June 1965, and the precise circumstances of the withdrawal remain classified. A declassified Far East Command procedure of 1956&ndash;57 lists Misawa among the nuclear-capable base locations. The fissile cores were held elsewhere, which allowed both governments to say that no complete weapon sat on Japanese soil &mdash; a distinction Japanese critics have called a semantic technicality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Security Hill and the elephant cage<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The listening station on the rise north of the flightline is older than the fighter wing and outlived most of its own equipment. Its landmark was the AN\/FLR-9, a circularly disposed antenna array built between 1963 and 1965 by the Nishimatsu Construction Company for about 3.3 million dollars: three concentric rings of elements, 137 feet tall, able to intercept and fix high-frequency radio transmissions out to roughly 4,000 nautical miles. Local people called it the elephant cage and, according to the Air Force&rsquo;s own account of its demolition, treated it as a symbol of luck.<\/p>\n<p>What it fed was the Misawa Security Operations Center, the one place in the Western Pacific where all four American services work the same intelligence problem inside one building: the 373rd Intelligence Group, Naval Information Operations Command Misawa, the 403rd Military Intelligence Detachment and a Marine Corps detachment. The Navy activated its security group at Misawa in July 1971, and for years it was the longest continuously serving American unit on the base. The 373rd Intelligence Group activated on 7 September 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Technology and money ended the array rather than any change in the mission. Demolition began on 15 October 2013 after 48 years of service, and the teardown became a local employment programme in its own right: the work put about 4.97 million dollars into the Japanese economy and employed more than 250 Japanese workers, with completion set for September 2015. The matching array on Okinawa had already closed in 2007. The last surviving example of the type stands at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>How Misawa became a Wild Weasel base<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Misawa&rsquo;s fighter era restarted on 2 April 1985, when the first F-16 trainer landed with Colonel Michael E. Ryan at the controls &mdash; a future Chief of Staff of the Air Force delivering the first of a type the base would fly for four decades. The 13th Tactical Fighter Squadron activated on 1 June 1985 and the 14th on 1 January 1987, both under the 432nd Tactical Fighter Wing, which had held the field since Pacific Air Forces returned to Misawa in 1978.<\/p>\n<p>The 35th Fighter Wing replaced the 432nd on 1 October 1994, bringing a lineage with aerial victories in the Second World War, Korea and Vietnam. Conversion to the F-16CJ finished on 17 September 1995. On 18 June 1996 the tail flash changed from MJ to WW &mdash; Wild Weasel &mdash; and the wing&rsquo;s history records the 13th Fighter Squadron firing the first combat AGM-88 HARM launched from an F-16CJ on 27 September 1996, in the operations over Iraq that followed Operation Desert Strike.<\/p>\n<p>The mission then went to work for a decade. F-16CJs from Misawa flew Operation Southern Watch and Operation Northern Watch over Iraq through the late 1990s, and on 21 March 2003 the 14th Fighter Squadron flew the first non-stealth missions of Operation Iraqi Freedom and fired that operation&rsquo;s first HARMs. Weapons training happens at Draughon Range about 12 miles north of the base, held by American forces since 6 June 1949 and renamed in April 2003 for Petty Officer Matthew Draughon, a Navy diver lost in 2001.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Sharing a runway with an airline and a prefecture<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Air Force&rsquo;s own fact sheet calls Misawa &ldquo;the only combined, joint service installation in the Western Pacific&rdquo;. The runway is shared three ways: the 35th Fighter Wing, the Japan Air Self-Defense Force&rsquo;s 3rd Air Wing, and a civil terminal operated by Misawa Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. under Japan&rsquo;s transport ministry. Scheduled civil flying began on 19 January 1953, stopped in 1965, and resumed on 10 May 1975 with a new terminal that was rebuilt and enlarged in 1986.<\/p>\n<p>The civil side is small but real &mdash; 336,869 passengers and 3,986 aircraft movements in 2024, on services to Tokyo Haneda, Osaka Itami and Sapporo Okadama &mdash; and the arrangement is not frictionless. When a United States Air Force B-1B Lancer made an emergency landing on 29 April 2025 the airport shut for about 90 minutes, a Haneda service turned back with its return flight cancelled, and both Misawa city and Aomori prefecture protested, noting that they had asked for civil stability measures eleven days earlier.<\/p>\n<p>Outside the fence the economy is fishing and farming. Lake Ogawara is a working shellfish water, and when something from the base lands in it the money that follows is Japanese: the Status of Forces Agreement and Japan&rsquo;s host nation support package route compensation through Tokyo rather than Washington. Under the special measures agreement signed in December 2021 and running five years from April 2022, Japan committed about 1.06 trillion yen &mdash; roughly 9.33 billion dollars &mdash; to the upkeep of United States forces in the country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>The earthquake, and the aircraft that replaced the F-16<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The magnitude 9.0 earthquake of 11 March 2011 shook Misawa violently and left it with minor damage and a blackout; the tsunami that wrecked Hachinohe&rsquo;s waterfront and the coast to the south spared the base itself. Its emergency operations centre happened to be manned for a readiness exercise when the ground moved, which is why damage reports came in fast. Within days Misawa was a forward operating base for American and Japanese relief forces and took in 14 helicopters for distribution flights.<\/p>\n<p>The nuclear emergency at Fukushima Daiichi did what the earthquake had not. The Department of Defense authorised voluntary departure, and between 9,000 and 10,000 family members left Japan, about 7,800 of them on military-funded orders. The first chartered flight bringing Misawa families home landed on 22 April 2011 with more than 150 passengers aboard. Across the whole of Operation Tomodachi the Department of Defense committed 88.5 million dollars, about 24,000 personnel, 189 aircraft and 24 ships.<\/p>\n<p>The change now under way is the aircraft. The Pentagon announced on 3 July 2024 that Misawa&rsquo;s 36 F-16s would give way to 48 F-35As, the first American F-35s permanently based in the Indo-Pacific and only the second such basing outside the United States after RAF Lakenheath. Upgraded Misawa F-16s moved to Osan in South Korea in late June 2025; the first F-35As landed on 28 March 2026 for the 13th Fighter Squadron, and the wing unveiled the fleet on 24 April 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Misawa, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>Pangborn and Herndon take off from Sabishiro Beach beside the future base and fly non-stop to Washington State, the first crossing of the Pacific without a landing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>The Imperial Japanese Naval Air Force begins cutting a runway out of the sand at Misawa on 1 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>The Misawa Air Group takes its G4M1 bombers to Rabaul on 7 August against the American landings at Guadalcanal, and is largely destroyed within days.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>About 30 United States Navy carrier aircraft attack on 8 and 9 August, destroying 45 aircraft and roughly 90 per cent of the base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>American troops under Captain Davis K. Stark occupy the wrecked field on 15 September and begin rebuilding it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>The 49th Fighter-Bomber Group develops the enlarged &ldquo;Misawa tank&rdquo; on 28 September so F-80s can reach Korea and still fight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>The 39th Air Division activates on 1 March to run the air defence of northern Honshu and Hokkaido.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>Civil airline flying begins at Misawa on 19 January, putting a commercial terminal on a military runway.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>The Japan Air Self-Defense Force stands up the 9001st Aircraft Control and Warning Group on 1 October, the first Japanese military unit at Misawa since the war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>The AN\/FLR-9 antenna array, begun in 1963, is completed on Security Hill for about 3.3 million dollars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>The Navy commissions Naval Air Facility Misawa on 1 October; scheduled civil flights resume on 10 May after a ten-year gap.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1985<\/div>\n<p>The first F-16 arrives on 2 April flown by Colonel Michael E. Ryan; the 13th Tactical Fighter Squadron activates on 1 June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>The 35th Fighter Wing replaces the 432nd Fighter Wing as host unit on 1 October.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1996<\/div>\n<p>The tail flash changes from MJ to WW on 18 June, marking the wing&rsquo;s Wild Weasel role.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2003<\/div>\n<p>The 14th Fighter Squadron flies the first non-stealth missions of Operation Iraqi Freedom on 21 March and fires the operation&rsquo;s first HARMs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>The magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake of 11 March leaves the base with minor damage; Misawa becomes a forward operating base for relief flights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>Demolition of the elephant cage begins on 15 October after 48 years of service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>The first permanently based American F-35As land at Misawa on 28 March for the 13th Fighter Squadron; the wing unveils the fleet on 24 April.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">8&ndash;9 August 1945<\/div>\n<h3>The base is destroyed from the air<\/h3>\n<p>In the last week of the Pacific War about 30 United States Navy carrier aircraft attacked Misawa, destroying 45 aircraft on the ground and roughly 90 per cent of the installation. The 35th Fighter Wing&rsquo;s own heritage account places American carrier strikes on the field in both July and August 1945 and describes the same scale of destruction. Japan announced its surrender six days later, and the Americans who occupied the field on 15 September found a base that had to be rebuilt almost entirely before it could be used again.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.misawa.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/773427\/this-month-in-35th-fighter-wing-and-misawa-air-base-history-august\/\">Misawa Air Base, 35th Fighter Wing history<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">11 January 1966<\/div>\n<h3>The Misawa town fire<\/h3>\n<p>A fire tore through the town beside the base, destroying 434 buildings across about 17 acres and displacing roughly 5,000 people. More than 2,000 American personnel and some 350 Japan Self-Defense Force members turned out to fight it. It remains one of the clearest illustrations of how tightly the base and the town are bound together. Misawa city today has only about 42,000 residents, and in 1966 the nearest source of trucks, pumps and manpower on that scale was the American installation on the other side of the fence.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.misawa.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/773356\/this-month-in-35th-fighter-wing-and-misawa-air-base-history-january\/\">Misawa Air Base, 35th Fighter Wing history<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">24&ndash;25 July 1998<\/div>\n<h3>An F-16 fails to get airborne and hits the localiser array<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16C of the 14th Fighter Squadron, serial 90-0804, aborted its take-off and ran off the east end of the runway into the localiser antenna array, where it caught fire. First Lieutenant Melvin Brice Simpson ejected but came down in the burning wreckage and was very badly burned. He died of his injuries on 17 September 1998 at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas. Sources differ on the date of the crash: accident databases give 24 July, while some published accounts give 25 July.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/wikibase\/46425\">Aviation Safety Network wikibase; F-16.net In Memoriam<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">21&ndash;22 July 2012<\/div>\n<h3>Ejection into the north Pacific<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16C of the 14th Fighter Squadron flying from Misawa towards Alaska for an exercise lost thrust that the pilot could not restore, and he ejected roughly 250 miles north-east of Hokkaido. American and Japanese military and civilian vessels recovered him on 22 July, uninjured and in stable condition aboard a commercial ship. The Accident Investigation Board found by clear and convincing evidence that the cause was an uncommanded closure of the main fuel shutoff valve. The aircraft was destroyed; there was no other property damage and no civilian injury.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pacaf.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/592528\/air-force-releases-findings-on-misawa-f-16-mishap\/\">Pacific Air Forces<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 February 2018<\/div>\n<h3>Two fuel tanks into a shellfish lake<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16CM of the 13th Fighter Squadron, serial 92-3883, suffered an engine fire on take-off &mdash; controllers reported a flame twenty to thirty feet long &mdash; and the pilot jettisoned both external tanks into Lake Ogawara before landing safely. The board put the damage at 987,545.57 dollars and traced it to an obsolete turbine frame fairing wrongly refitted during engine maintenance in 2012. The Lake Ogawara fishing association banned fishing the same day; the season&rsquo;s shellfish losses were put at up to 37,000 dollars a day, and fishermen later sought 93 million yen in compensation.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2018\/Nov\/19\/2002064783\/-1\/-1\/0\/180220-PACAF-MISAWAAB-JAPAN-F-16-AIB%20NARRATIVE%20REPORT.PDF\">USAF Accident Investigation Board; Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">9 April 2019<\/div>\n<h3>A Japanese F-35A is lost in the sea off Misawa<\/h3>\n<p>A Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-35A from the 3rd Air Wing at Misawa went into the Pacific about 85 miles east of the base during a night training flight, killing Major Akinori Hosomi. Flight data showed the aircraft descending 16,000 feet in 20 seconds and a further 14,500 feet in 15 seconds, with no engine, electrical or control failure and no ejection attempt. Investigators concluded the pilot most likely suffered spatial disorientation. Some accounts give the date as 3 April; contemporaneous reporting and the Japanese investigation place it on 9 April 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/asia_pacific\/japan-says-f-35a-pilot-was-likely-disoriented-before-fatal-crash-in-april-1.585357\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">6 November 2019<\/div>\n<h3>An inert bomb on private land<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16CM of the 14th Fighter Squadron released an inert GBU-12 about 3.4 miles from the cleared target inside Draughon Range, and it came down on private property near Lake Ogawara, roughly three miles from the base. Nobody was hurt and nothing was damaged, but Japanese authorities were not told until the following day. Defence Minister Taro Kono said Japan had issued a severe protest; Aomori governor Shingo Mimura warned it would amplify distrust. The board found pilot error in an assisted weapons delivery, with channelised attention and weather as factors.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pacaf.af.mil\/Portals\/6\/191106-PACAF-MisawaAB-Japan-F-16%20AIB-NARRATIVE%20REPORT.pdf\">USAF Accident Investigation Board; Newsweek<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">30 November 2021<\/div>\n<h3>Fuel tanks fall on Fukaura<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16 from Misawa lost hydraulic pressure and jettisoned two external tanks over Fukaura, a coastal town about 100 miles west of the base, before diverting into Aomori Airport. Aluminium debris some three and a half feet long was found by a roadside near scattered houses and the town hall, and a pavement handrail was damaged; nobody was hurt. Defence Minister Nobuo Kishi asked the United States to ground its F-16s until their safety was confirmed. The wing resumed flying two days later, which Aomori prefecture called regrettable.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/asia_pacific\/2021-11-30\/f-16-emergency-landing-misawa-air-base-35th-fighter-wing-3812728.html\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Misawa Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"kadena\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/kadena\/\">Kadena Air Base<\/a><\/td>\n<td>RODN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>KC-135R Stratotanker, E-3B\/C Sentry, HH-60G Pave Hawk, HH-60W Jolly Green II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"yokota\">\n<td>Yokota Air Base<\/td>\n<td>RJTY<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>C-130J Super Hercules, C-12J Huron, UH-1N Iroquois, CV-22B Osprey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Misawa Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Why do Misawa&rsquo;s fighters wear WW on the tail?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">WW stands for Wild Weasel, the mission of finding and destroying enemy air defence radars. The 35th Fighter Wing changed its tail flash from MJ, for Misawa, Japan, to WW on 18 June 1996. The code is shared with the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base, the Air Force&rsquo;s other Wild Weasel wing, so squadron colours above the code are the usual way to tell the two apart.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Misawa really a civilian airport as well as an air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. A Japanese civil terminal shares the single runway with the American and Japanese air forces, and airlines fly scheduled services to Tokyo Haneda, Osaka Itami and Sapporo Okadama. The terminal is run by Misawa Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. under Japan&rsquo;s transport ministry. It handled 336,869 passengers and 3,986 aircraft movements in 2024. Civil flying started in 1953, lapsed in 1965 and resumed in 1975.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the elephant cage?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">An AN\/FLR-9 circularly disposed antenna array on Security Hill, built between 1963 and 1965 for about 3.3 million dollars. Three concentric rings of elements standing 137 feet tall allowed it to intercept and locate high-frequency radio transmissions out to roughly 4,000 nautical miles. Demolition began on 15 October 2013 after 48 years, and the work employed more than 250 Japanese contractors. The last array of the type is in Alaska.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Imperial Japanese Navy really rehearse Pearl Harbor here?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Pacific Air Forces says so directly: Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service units at Misawa used Lake Ogawara, immediately beside the field, to practise for the attack on Pearl Harbor. The base now holds an annual appreciation event at the same lake with the surrounding towns. Note that Misawa itself was a naval training and research airfield, not the home of the carrier strike force, which sailed from elsewhere.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Misawa in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The base was shaken hard on 11 March 2011 and lost power, but the damage was minor and the tsunami that destroyed the coast to the south did not reach it. Within days Misawa was a forward operating base for American and Japanese relief forces and took in 14 helicopters. Families left under the Department of Defense voluntary departure authorised after the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and the first charter brought them back on 22 April 2011.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who else flies from Misawa besides the United States Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Japan Air Self-Defense Force&rsquo;s 3rd Air Wing is based on the same field and flies the F-35A, and Japanese airlines use the civil terminal. The Navy, Army and Marine Corps all maintain units on the installation, most visibly in the Misawa Security Operations Center. Since 2026 Misawa is the only place in Japan where American and Japanese F-35As operate side by side.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Have aircraft been lost flying from Misawa?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. First Lieutenant Melvin Brice Simpson died on 17 September 1998 of burns suffered when his F-16C ran into the localiser array during an aborted take-off in late July that year. An F-16C was lost in the north Pacific on 21 July 2012 with the pilot recovered unhurt. A Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-35A from the base was lost at sea on 9 April 2019, killing Major Akinori Hosomi.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who pays when something from the base falls on a Japanese town?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Compensation runs through the Japanese government under the Status of Forces Agreement rather than being paid directly by the United States, which is why the Japanese defence ministry, not the wing, has handled claims from the Lake Ogawara fishermen and from Fukaura. Japan also funds the American presence more broadly: the special measures agreement signed in December 2021 commits about 1.06 trillion yen, roughly 9.33 billion dollars, over five years from April 2022.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Misawa Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (shared with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and a civil terminal). The United States Air Force operates it as 35th Fighter Wing.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Misawa Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Misawa Air Base is RJSM. The airfield sits at 36 m above sea level in Japan, at 40.7053 N, 141.3719 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Misawa Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Misawa Air Base has one runway: 10\/28, 3,050 m (10,007 ft), asphalt\/concrete.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Misawa Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Misawa Air Base currently hosts 35th Fighter Wing flying the F-35A Lightning II, F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon; 13th Fighter Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 14th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16CM\/DM Fighting Falcon.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do Misawa\\u2019s fighters wear WW on the tail?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"WW stands for Wild Weasel, the mission of finding and destroying enemy air defence radars. The 35th Fighter Wing changed its tail flash from MJ, for Misawa, Japan, to WW on 18 June 1996. The code is shared with the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base, the Air Force\\u2019s other Wild Weasel wing, so squadron colours above the code are the usual way to tell the two apart.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Misawa really a civilian airport as well as an air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. A Japanese civil terminal shares the single runway with the American and Japanese air forces, and airlines fly scheduled services to Tokyo Haneda, Osaka Itami and Sapporo Okadama. The terminal is run by Misawa Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. under Japan\\u2019s transport ministry. It handled 336,869 passengers and 3,986 aircraft movements in 2024. Civil flying started in 1953, lapsed in 1965 and resumed in 1975.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the elephant cage?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An AN\/FLR-9 circularly disposed antenna array on Security Hill, built between 1963 and 1965 for about 3.3 million dollars. Three concentric rings of elements standing 137 feet tall allowed it to intercept and locate high-frequency radio transmissions out to roughly 4,000 nautical miles. Demolition began on 15 October 2013 after 48 years, and the work employed more than 250 Japanese contractors. The last array of the type is in Alaska.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Imperial Japanese Navy really rehearse Pearl Harbor here?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Pacific Air Forces says so directly: Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service units at Misawa used Lake Ogawara, immediately beside the field, to practise for the attack on Pearl Harbor. The base now holds an annual appreciation event at the same lake with the surrounding towns. Note that Misawa itself was a naval training and research airfield, not the home of the carrier strike force, which sailed from elsewhere.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Misawa in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The base was shaken hard on 11 March 2011 and lost power, but the damage was minor and the tsunami that destroyed the coast to the south did not reach it. Within days Misawa was a forward operating base for American and Japanese relief forces and took in 14 helicopters. Families left under the Department of Defense voluntary departure authorised after the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and the first charter brought them back on 22 April 2011.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who else flies from Misawa besides the United States Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Japan Air Self-Defense Force\\u2019s 3rd Air Wing is based on the same field and flies the F-35A, and Japanese airlines use the civil terminal. The Navy, Army and Marine Corps all maintain units on the installation, most visibly in the Misawa Security Operations Center. Since 2026 Misawa is the only place in Japan where American and Japanese F-35As operate side by side.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Have aircraft been lost flying from Misawa?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. First Lieutenant Melvin Brice Simpson died on 17 September 1998 of burns suffered when his F-16C ran into the localiser array during an aborted take-off in late July that year. An F-16C was lost in the north Pacific on 21 July 2012 with the pilot recovered unhurt. A Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-35A from the base was lost at sea on 9 April 2019, killing Major Akinori Hosomi.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who pays when something from the base falls on a Japanese town?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Compensation runs through the Japanese government under the Status of Forces Agreement rather than being paid directly by the United States, which is why the Japanese defence ministry, not the wing, has handled claims from the Lake Ogawara fishermen and from Fukaura. Japan also funds the American presence more broadly: the special measures agreement signed in December 2021 commits about 1.06 trillion yen, roughly 9.33 billion dollars, over five years from April 2022.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Misawa Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (shared with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and a civil terminal). The United States Air Force operates it as 35th Fighter Wing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Misawa Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Misawa Air Base is RJSM. The airfield sits at 36 m above sea level in Japan, at 40.7053 N, 141.3719 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Misawa Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Misawa Air Base has one runway: 10\/28, 3,050 m (10,007 ft), asphalt\/concrete.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Misawa Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Misawa Air Base currently hosts 35th Fighter Wing flying the F-35A Lightning II, F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon; 13th Fighter Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 14th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16CM\/DM Fighting Falcon.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from this base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; the same jet trainer that taught most of the air forces on the other side of the Cold War, in a real second seat with aerobatics and time on the controls.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Misawa Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">United States Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the United States Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-35A Lightning II<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-35A Lightning II story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\"><\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px 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