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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Polish Air Force has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From Lw&#243;w in 1918 to the eastern flank today.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"Lw&#243;w and Eastern Galicia Polish Air Force No allied air arm Albatros D.III (Oef) Fokker D.VII\">\n<td>The Polish-Ukrainian War<span class=\"cwho\">Lw&#243;w and Eastern Galicia<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1918&ndash;1919<\/td>\n<td>West Ukrainian People&rsquo;s Republic<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\">Albatros D.III (Oef)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\">Fokker D.VII<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Flew the first Polish combat sortie on 5 November 1918 and supported the defence of Lw&#243;w and the campaign in Eastern Galicia with captured Austrian and German aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>The Polish air arm went to war before the Polish state existed in law. On 2 November 1918 three officers &mdash; the pilot Stefan Bastyr and the observers Janusz de Beaurain and W&#322;adys&#322;aw Toru&#324; &mdash; took control of the Lewand&#243;wka airfield at Lw&#243;w as Polish and Ukrainian forces fought for the city. On 5 November, at about ten in the morning, Bastyr and de Beaurain took off in a Brandenburg C.I and bombed the railway station at Persenk&#243;wka, where Ukrainian Sich Riflemen were unloading; de Beaurain dropped three 15-kilogram bombs by hand from 400 metres, and the crew flew three bombing runs that day. The air arm that followed was built from what the empires had left: Austrian machines in Galicia, and in Greater Poland the German airfield at &#321;awica, captured by insurgents on 6 January 1919 with 26 serviceable aircraft and about 215 more in a depot at Winiary. The Greater Poland squadrons formed from that haul flew LVGs, Albatroses, Halberstadts and Fokker D.VIIs and were sent to Galicia from March 1919.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Polish forces held Lw&#243;w and took Eastern Galicia by mid-1919.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Unit strengths and losses for the Galician campaign are not given in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Lw&#243;w and Eastern Galicia<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>West Ukrainian People&rsquo;s Republic<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\">Albatros D.III (Oef)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\">Fokker D.VII<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published as a consolidated figure.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">UNVERIFIED. No consolidated loss figure was found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/muzeumsp.pl\/aktualnosci\/5-listopada-narodziny-polskich-skrzydel\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Muzeum Si&#322; Powietrznych w D&#281;blinie<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/pw.ipn.gov.pl\/pwi\/historia\/oddzialy-powstancze\/11107,Lotnictwo-wielkopolskie-1919-1920.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IPN<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/rep.up.krakow.pl\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11716\/6725\/AF024--08--Lotnictwo-polskie--Krawczynski.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krawczy&#324;ski<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Ukraine, Belarus and central Poland Polish Air Force No allied air arm Albatros D.III (Oef) Bristol F.2B Fokker D.VII\">\n<td>The Polish-Soviet War<span class=\"cwho\">the Ko&#347;ciuszko Squadron and the Battle of Warsaw<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1919&ndash;1921<\/td>\n<td>Soviet Russia<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\">Albatros D.III (Oef)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-f2-fighter\/\">Bristol F.2B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\">Fokker D.VII<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Flew reconnaissance and ground attack against the Red Army, including Budyonny&rsquo;s cavalry, from the Kiev offensive of April 1920 through the Battle of Warsaw in August.<\/p>\n<p>By 1920 the air arm had grown to 21 squadrons &mdash; 17 reconnaissance, three fighter and one bomber &mdash; flying a mixture of Austrian, German, French, Italian and British aircraft. The best known was the 7th, formed at Krak&#243;w in November 1918 and renamed the Ko&#347;ciuszko Squadron in December 1919 after eight American volunteers joined it, among them its commander Cedric Fauntleroy and Merian C. Cooper, who later made King Kong. In all 21 Americans flew with it. From April 1920 it took part in the Kiev offensive with Oeffag-built Albatros D.IIIs and Ansaldo Balillas, then fell back to defend Lw&#243;w, strafing Budyonny&rsquo;s First Cavalry Army; in mid-August it was down to five pilots flying up to 18 ground-attack missions a day. Cooper was shot down on 13 July 1920, captured and escaped. About 40 of the 106 Bristol Fighters bought that year flew from July, including in the Battle of Warsaw. Pi&#322;sudski decorated the squadron&rsquo;s pilots with the Virtuti Militari on 10 May 1921, and its badge passed to the 111th Squadron and, in 1940, to No. 303 Squadron.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Poland won the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920 and the Treaty of Riga in 1921 fixed its eastern border.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Sortie and loss figures for the whole air arm in 1919&ndash;1920 are not available in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Ukraine, Belarus and central Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Soviet Russia<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\">Albatros D.III (Oef)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-f2-fighter\/\">Bristol F.2B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\">Fokker D.VII<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">The Ko&#347;ciuszko Squadron alone flew 462 combat sorties in 1920.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">Five of the 21 American pilots of the Ko&#347;ciuszko Squadron were killed. No total for the air arm was found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/przystanekhistoria.pl\/pa2\/teksty\/77477,Historia-Meriana-C-Coopera-i-7-Eskadry-Mysliwskiej.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IPN Przystanek Historia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Air_Escadrille\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/rep.up.krakow.pl\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11716\/6725\/AF024--08--Lotnictwo-polskie--Krawczynski.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krawczy&#324;ski<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bristol_F.2_Fighter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fokker_D.VII\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Poland Polish Air Force No allied air arm PZL P.11 PZL P.7 PZL.23 Kara&#347; PZL.37 &#321;o&#347;\">\n<td>The September Campaign<span class=\"cwho\">the invasion of Poland<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>Germany, Soviet Union and Slovakia<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pzl-p-11\/\">PZL P.11<\/a>, PZL P.7, PZL.23 Kara&#347;<span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Defended Warsaw and the field armies with obsolescent PZL fighters and attacked German armour with the Bomber Brigade until the Soviet invasion of 17 September forced the survivors to Romania.<\/p>\n<p>The most repeated story of September 1939 is that the Polish Air Force was destroyed on its airfields on the first morning. It was not: the combat units had moved to field airstrips before the war, and the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s opening raids hit largely empty bases, damaging Warsaw, Krak&#243;w, D&#281;blin, Ma&#322;aszewicze and Toru&#324;. The real problem was quality and numbers. Around 400 combat aircraft faced about 2,000 German aircraft. The fighter force was built on the PZL P.11c, about 390 km\/h at altitude, facing Bf 109s and Bf 110s that could outrun and outclimb it; 109 P.11cs, 20 P.11as and 30 P.7as were in combat units on 1 September. The Pursuit Brigade fought over Warsaw from the first day. Polish fighters claimed about 126 German aircraft, with Wikipedia&rsquo;s order of battle crediting 134 across all types; German records show about 285 aircraft destroyed from all causes, many to anti-aircraft fire, so the fighter claims cannot be taken at face value. The Bomber Brigade&rsquo;s 36 combat-ready PZL.37 &#321;o&#347; bombers went for German armour from 4 September and lost most of their strength. After the Soviet invasion 17 &#321;o&#347; and more than 20 Kara&#347; reached Romania, where they were seized.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Defeat. About 10,000 air force personnel escaped through Romania to France and then Britain.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Victory and loss figures for 1939 differ widely between sources; the ranges given here are the ones supported by more than one source, and the German loss total covers all causes.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany, Soviet Union and Slovakia<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pzl-p-11\/\">PZL P.11<\/a>, PZL P.7, PZL.23 Kara&#347;, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pzl-37-los\/\">PZL.37 &#321;o&#347;<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">The Bomber Brigade flew about 320 sorties with the Kara&#347; and &#321;o&#347;.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">Wac&#322;aw Kr&#243;l gives 325 Polish aircraft lost to all causes and about 171 aircrew killed or missing; fighter losses are put at 114&ndash;115. Figures vary between historians.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/historykon.pl\/kampania-wrzesniowa-w-powietrzu-czesc-1\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Historykon<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/wielkahistoria.pl\/polskie-i-niemieckie-lotnictwo-we-wrzesniu-1939-roku-sily-i-straty-walczacych-stron\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WielkaHistoria<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spkottawa.ca\/polski\/referaty\/Polskie%20lotnictwo.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polish Combatants&rsquo; Association, Ottawa<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/tojuzbylo.pl\/wiadomosc\/lotniczy-wrzesien-1939-roku-cz3-opis-walk-podsumowanie\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tojuzbylo<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PZL_P.11\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PZL.37_%C5%81o%C5%9B\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PZL.23_Kara%C5%9B\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish_Air_Force_order_of_battle_in_1939\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"France Polish Air Force Alongside France\">\n<td>The Battle of France<span class=\"cwho\">Polish airmen in French units<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Italy<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Polish pilots re-formed in France flew in French fighter units during the German offensive of May and June 1940.<\/p>\n<p>About 9,000 Polish airmen reached France after September 1939 and were organised under General W&#322;adys&#322;aw Sikorski. France was slow to equip them: of roughly a thousand Polish pilots, only 174 flew operationally when Germany attacked in May 1940, in French fighter units. They claimed 52 German aircraft destroyed and about ten probables. About 2,300 Polish flying and ground personnel had already gone to Britain to form four bomber squadrons. When France collapsed about 6,200 more airmen were evacuated to Britain, and by the end of 1940 the Polish Air Force there was more than 8,000 strong &mdash; the core of the force that would fight under the Royal Air Force for the rest of the war. Among them were the 144 experienced fighter pilots who reinforced Fighter Command in August 1940, when it had lost about a quarter of its pilots. Their record there is thin in the surviving sources.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> France fell in June 1940; about 6,200 Polish airmen were evacuated to Britain.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The French campaign is thinly documented in the sources checked; claims are Polish claims.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">UNVERIFIED. No Polish loss figure for the French campaign was found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Southern England and the Channel Polish Air Force Alongside United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Canada and New Zealand Hurricane Spitfire\">\n<td>The Battle of Britain<span class=\"cwho\">303 Squadron and the 145<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hurricane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Two Polish squadrons and 79 Poles in RAF squadrons fought in Fighter Command; 303 Squadron finished as its top-scoring unit.<\/p>\n<p>145 Polish pilots flew in the Battle of Britain: 79 in RAF squadrons, 32 with No. 302 Squadron and 34 with No. 303. They were about 5 per cent of Fighter Command&rsquo;s pilots and were credited with about 15 per cent of its score, and on 15 September one in five pilots in action was Polish. 303 Squadron, formed at Northolt in July and operational only from 31 August, claimed 126 German aircraft in 42 days, including 14 in one sortie on 7 September, more than any other squadron; its top scorer was the Czech Josef Franti&#353;ek with 17. Post-war checking against German records cut the squadron&rsquo;s total to about 79 by the RAF Museum&rsquo;s count and to around 59 in the work of the Polish historian Jacek Kutzner &mdash; still at or near the top of Fighter Command. The Poles had arrived with combat experience that most of the RAF lacked, and the agreements of 11 June and 5 August 1940 kept them a sovereign Polish service. Hugh Dowding later wrote that without the Polish squadrons he hesitated to say the outcome would have been the same.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Luftwaffe failed to win air superiority over southern England and the invasion was called off.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">303 Squadron&rsquo;s score is given as a claim and a revised range; the revisions depend on how German losses are matched to claims.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Southern England and the Channel<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Canada and New Zealand<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hurricane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>29 killed<span class=\"cwho\">29 Polish pilots were killed in the battle. 303 Squadron lost 18 Hurricanes.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/second-world-war\/battle-of-britain\/the-polish-pilots-in-the-battle-of-britain\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Imperial War Museums<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rafmuseum.org.uk\/blog\/poles-and-czechoslovaks-in-the-battle-of-britain\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RAF Museum<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._303_Polish_Fighter_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"Northern France, the Low Countries, Germany and southern England Polish Air Force Alongside United Kingdom and United States Spitfire Mustang III Mosquito Defiant and Beaufighter\">\n<td>Fighter operations over Europe<span class=\"cwho\">the sweeps, Normandy and the V-1s<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\">Mustang III<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\">Mosquito<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>73,500<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Polish fighter squadrons flew offensive sweeps and bomber escort over occupied Europe, supported the Normandy landings and shot down V-1 flying bombs.<\/p>\n<p>After 1940 the Polish fighter force grew squadron by squadron, flying Hurricanes, then Spitfires and, from 1944, Mustang IIIs. The Polish wings flew the cross-Channel sweeps of 1941 and 1942, escorted bombers and, in 1944, supported the invasion of Normandy. 306 and 315 Squadrons were switched to V-1 interception in the summer of 1944, 306 alone shooting down 59 flying bombs. On 18 August 1944 twelve Mustangs of 315 Squadron met about 60 German fighters over France and claimed 16 for the loss of one pilot, their commander Eugeniusz Horbaczewski. The night fighters of 307 Squadron defended the West Country, shooting down four bombers in a single night during the 1942 raids on Exeter, and went over to intruder work on Mosquitoes. 306 Squadron alone was credited with 68 aircraft destroyed and 315 with just over 86. By the end of the war the Polish fighter force had flown more than 73,500 sorties and was credited with 762 aircraft destroyed; the Northolt memorial, unveiled on 2 November 1948, now carries 2,165 names of the 2,408 Polish airmen who died.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Polish fighter units were credited with 762 enemy aircraft destroyed between 1940 and 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Claims are wartime credits; sortie and claim totals are those compiled by Krzystek&rsquo;s List.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Northern France, the Low Countries, Germany and southern England<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\">Mustang III<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\">Mosquito<\/a>, Defiant and Beaufighter<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>73,500<span class=\"cwho\">More than 73,500 fighter sorties from August 1940 to the end of the war, all fighter units together.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">The Polish fighter and bomber forces lost about 1,900 airmen killed in all by Krzystek&rsquo;s count; a fighter-only figure was not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._306_Polish_Fighter_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._315_Polish_Fighter_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._307_Polish_Night_Fighter_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/bbm.org.uk\/of-interest\/places-of-interest\/the-polish-war-memorial\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Battle of Britain Monument<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Germany, occupied Europe and the Atlantic Polish Air Force Alongside United Kingdom Battle Wellington Lancaster Halifax Mosquito Mitchell\">\n<td>Bomber and Coastal Command<span class=\"cwho\">the Polish bomber squadrons<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-battle\/\">Battle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/wellington\/\">Wellington<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\">Lancaster<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 3 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>11,700<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Four Polish bomber squadrons flew in Bomber Command, one later in Coastal Command and one in the Second Tactical Air Force.<\/p>\n<p>Nos. 300, 301, 304 and 305 Squadrons formed at Bramcote in July and August 1940 on Fairey Battles and went into action against the invasion barges before converting to Wellingtons. The losses were heavy for a force that could not easily replace its crews from occupied Poland. 301 Squadron flew 1,326 sorties and lost 139 of the 439 men who served in it before it was disbanded on 7 April 1943; 304 Squadron went to Coastal Command in May 1942, hunting U-boats, and was credited with two sunk and five damaged. 305 Squadron moved to the Second Tactical Air Force in August 1943 and flew Mosquito FB.VIs on tactical strikes against targets across occupied Europe. 300 Squadron stayed in Bomber Command throughout, became the only Polish Lancaster squadron in March 1944 and flew 3,891 sorties in all, its last raid being on Obersalzberg on 25 April 1945. Together the Polish bomber units flew about 11,700 sorties.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The squadrons were disbanded in December 1946 and January 1947.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Squadron figures are from squadron histories; the total is Krzystek&rsquo;s.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany, occupied Europe and the Atlantic<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-battle\/\">Battle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/wellington\/\">Wellington<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\">Lancaster<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Halifax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\">Mosquito<\/a>, Mitchell<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>11,700<span class=\"cwho\">About 11,700 bomber sorties, dropping nearly 15,000 tons of bombs and mines.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">301 Squadron lost 139 airmen killed out of 439 who served before it was disbanded in 1943; 304 Squadron lost 102 killed or missing and 35 captured in Bomber Command.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._300_Polish_Bomber_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._301_Polish_Bomber_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._304_Polish_Bomber_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._305_Polish_Bomber_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"North Africa and Italy Polish Air Force Alongside United Kingdom, United States and South Africa Spitfire Hurricane Halifax Liberator\">\n<td>North Africa and Italy<span class=\"cwho\">Skalski&rsquo;s Circus and 318 Squadron<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Italy<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hurricane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Halifax<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">A Polish fighter team flew in North Africa in 1943; 318 Squadron and an air observation squadron supported the Polish II Corps in Italy, and the special-duties flight flew from Brindisi.<\/p>\n<p>In 1943 a team of experienced Polish fighter pilots under Stanis&#322;aw Skalski flew in North Africa, the unit remembered as Skalski&rsquo;s Circus. No. 318 Squadron, formed at Detling in March 1943 from 309 Squadron personnel, trained in the Middle East and then flew tactical reconnaissance and ground attack in Italy in support of the Eighth Army, including the Polish II Corps at Monte Cassino; it stayed in Italy until August 1946. An air observation post squadron flew with the II Corps as its artillery spotters. From December 1943 the Polish special-duties flight, No. 1586, flew from Campo Casale near Brindisi on Halifaxes and Liberators, on supply-dropping flights of up to eleven hours to occupied Poland and the resistance elsewhere in central Europe, some 1,300 special-duty flights in all by the war&rsquo;s end.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered in May 1943; the Italian campaign ended in May 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Figures for the Mediterranean are not consolidated in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>North Africa and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom, United States and South Africa<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hurricane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Halifax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Liberator<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<span class=\"cwho\">UNVERIFIED. No consolidated figure was found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._318_Polish_Fighter-Reconnaissance_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._1586_(Polish_Special_Duties)_Flight\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd8\" data-x=\"Warsaw and the route from southern Italy over the Balkans and Hungary Polish Air Force Alongside United Kingdom, South Africa and United States Halifax Liberator\">\n<td>The Warsaw Uprising airlift<span class=\"cwho\">supply drops from Brindisi<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Halifax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd8\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd8\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Polish, British and South African crews flew supplies from Italy to the Home Army in Warsaw at the edge of their aircraft&rsquo;s range, against German night fighters and flak.<\/p>\n<p>When the Home Army rose in Warsaw on 1 August 1944 the only Polish air unit able to reach it was No. 1586 Special Duties Flight in southern Italy, formed from the remnants of 301 Squadron. The round trip from Brindisi to Warsaw over the Balkans and Hungary took up to eleven hours in Halifaxes and Liberators, with drops made at low level over the city. Between 4 August and 22 September Polish crews flew alongside RAF and South African Air Force squadrons, and 257 airmen were killed on the Warsaw flights, 112 of them Polish; 14 Polish crews were lost and only two of those crews survived. On the night of 15 August the Liberator of Capt. Szostak was shot down near Bochnia on the way home, and all seven crew died. The Polish flight was reorganised as 301 Squadron on 7 November 1944. The Polish air units on the Soviet side of the front also flew 609 sorties in support of the insurgents.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Uprising was crushed. The airlift delivered some supplies but could not change the outcome.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The total number of sorties to Warsaw and the tonnage delivered vary between sources and are not given here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Warsaw and the route from southern Italy over the Balkans and Hungary<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom, South Africa and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Halifax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Liberator<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">On 14 August alone 26 crews left Campo Casale for Warsaw.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>257 killed<span class=\"cwho\">257 airmen were killed on the Warsaw flights: 112 Polish, 90 British, 43 South African and 12 American. 14 Polish crews were lost.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.1944.pl\/en\/article\/the-tragic-yet-heroic-tale-of-captain-szostak-an,5474.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Warsaw Rising Museum<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._1586_(Polish_Special_Duties)_Flight\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Force_of_the_Polish_Army\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd9\" data-x=\"Poland, Pomerania and Berlin Polish Air Force Alongside Soviet Union Yak-1 Yak-9 Yak-3 Il-2 Pe-2 Po-2\">\n<td>The Eastern Front<span class=\"cwho\">the Polish air units formed in the USSR<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1944&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-1\/\">Yak-1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-9\/\">Yak-9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-3\/\">Yak-3<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 3 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>5,800<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd9\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd9\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd9\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Polish regiments formed under Soviet command flew fighter, ground-attack, bomber and night-bomber missions from the Vistula to Berlin.<\/p>\n<p>The first Polish air unit in the USSR, an independent fighter squadron, began forming on 7 July 1943 at Grigoryevskoye between Moscow and Ryazan and became the 1st Fighter Regiment Warszawa in October 1943. The 2nd Night Bomber Regiment Krak&#243;w followed in April 1944, and in September 1944 the regiments were grouped into the 1st Mixed Air Corps under the Soviet general Fyodor Polynin. Many of the pilots and most senior officers were Soviet, often of Polish descent. The units flew over the Vistula bridgeheads and Warsaw in 1944, in the battle for Ko&#322;obrzeg in March 1945 and over Berlin in April and May. By May 1945 they had 215 Po-2, 158 Il-2, 130 Yak-9, 107 Pe-2, 29 Yak-1 and 14 Yak-3, and on 1 June 1945 16,288 personnel. The fighter regiment flew about 1,400 sorties and shot down nine German aircraft, all in April and May 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Polish air units ended the war over Berlin and became the core of the post-war air force.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Figures come mainly from Polish post-war compilations reproduced in English Wikipedia and should be treated as indicative.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Poland, Pomerania and Berlin<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Soviet Union<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-1\/\">Yak-1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-9\/\">Yak-9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-3\/\">Yak-3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-2-sturmovik\/\">Il-2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/petlyakov-pe-2\/\">Pe-2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/polikarpov-po-2\/\">Po-2<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>5,800<span class=\"cwho\">About 13,620 flights, of which about 5,800 were combat sorties.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>36 aircraft &middot; 25 killed<span class=\"cwho\">36 aircraft destroyed and 24 damaged; 94 casualties including 25 killed in action.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Force_of_the_Polish_Army\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2020\/07\/28\/yak-1b-the-1st-fighter-aviation-regiment-warszawa-1943-45-70027-70028-70029\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arma Hobby<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polishairforce.pl\/1plmstraty.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">PolishAirForce.pl<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fyodor_Polynin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd10\" data-x=\"Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Poland Polish Air Force Alongside NATO allies F-16C\/D\">\n<td>NATO air policing<span class=\"cwho\">the Baltic states and Poland&rsquo;s own skies<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2006&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd10\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd10\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd10\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Rotations of Polish fighters to NATO&rsquo;s Baltic Air Policing mission from &#352;iauliai and &#196;mari, alongside national Quick Reaction Alert at home.<\/p>\n<p>The three Baltic states have no combat aircraft, and since March 2004 NATO allies have taken turns to police their airspace. Poland flew its first rotation in 2006 and has returned many times since, from &#352;iauliai in Lithuania and &#196;mari in Estonia. The 62nd rotation, from November 2023 to March 2024, put almost 150 Polish personnel at &#196;mari; in April 2025 four F-16s deployed to &#352;iauliai alongside the Romanian Air Force. At home the F-16s have held Quick Reaction Alert since 2010. The work is mostly shadowing and identifying, not fighting, but it is the core of what the Polish Air Force does every day. The mission&rsquo;s tasks are to patrol, to prevent violations of the Baltic states&rsquo; airspace and to help aircraft in distress. Polish contingents carry the name Orlik: Orlik 12 was the mission&rsquo;s 62nd rotation.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Continuing; the Baltic states have no fighters of their own.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The number of Polish rotations and intercepts is not published in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO allies<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No aircraft or aircrew lost on the mission.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/ac.nato.int\/archive\/2025-2\/polish-jets-deploy-to-siauliai--lithuania--to-take-on-natos-air-policing-mission-alongside-romanian-air-force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO Allied Air Command<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/national-defence\/baltic-air-policing-mission\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ministry of National Defence<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/en-us\/news\/features\/2026\/Twenty-Years-of-Polish-F-16-Airpower.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lockheed Martin<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd11\" data-x=\"Iraq and territory held by Islamic State Polish Air Force Alongside United States and Coalition partners F-16C\/D\">\n<td>Operation Inherent Resolve<span class=\"cwho\">F-16 reconnaissance from Kuwait<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2016&ndash;2018<\/td>\n<td>Islamic State<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd11\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd11\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd11\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Four F-16s with DB-110 and Sniper pods flew reconnaissance for the coalition against Islamic State; they did not drop weapons.<\/p>\n<p>The first operational deployment of Polish F-16s abroad. The President authorised it on 17 June 2016 and the contingent began on 20 June 2016 at Ahmad al-Jaber Air Base in Kuwait with four F-16s carrying DB-110 reconnaissance pods and Sniper targeting pods. Poland limited its role to reconnaissance for the coalition over Iraq and territory held by Islamic State; the jets did not strike. By August 2017 they had passed 2,000 flying hours and by the end about 3,600. 621 soldiers and 12 civilians served in four rotations; the last mission was flown on 16 June 2018 and the contingent was welcomed home at &#321;ask on 18 July 2018. In August 2017 the commander, Lt Col &#321;ukasz Pi&#261;tek, marked the 2,000th hour with a sortie of more than five hours. The Kuwait deployment came before the Polish F-16&rsquo;s first Baltic Air Policing rotation, which began in May 2017.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The mission ended on 30 June 2018 after four rotations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Polish combat aircraft did not take part in the 2003 invasion of Iraq in the sources checked; Polish helicopters in Iraq belonged to the army.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq and territory held by Islamic State<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and Coalition partners<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Islamic State<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">About 3,600 flying hours; sortie count not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No aircraft or personnel lost.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/defence24.pl\/sily-zbrojne\/zakonczenie-misji-w-kuwejcie-lotnicy-juz-w-lasku\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defence24<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defence24.pl\/rok-polskich-f-16-w-kuwejcie-2000-godzin-lotu\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defence24<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd12\" data-x=\"Eastern Poland Polish Air Force Alongside Netherlands, Italy, Germany and NATO F-16C\/D\">\n<td>Air defence of the eastern flank<span class=\"cwho\">Przewod&#243;w and the Russian drone incursion<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Polish Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2022&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Russia<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd12\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd12\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd12\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Defended Polish airspace during the Russian war against Ukraine and, on 9&ndash;10 September 2025, shot down Russian drones over Poland with allied aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>On 15 November 2022 a missile fell on the village of Przewod&#243;w near the Ukrainian border and killed two men; Polish investigators concluded it had most likely been fired by Ukrainian air defence, and the prosecutor later suspended the case while waiting for Ukrainian legal assistance. On the night of 9&ndash;10 September 2025 the government counted 19 violations of Polish airspace by Russian drones, many coming in from Belarus. Polish F-16s and Dutch F-35s, supported by an Italian AWACS, German Patriots and a NATO tanker, shot down the drones that posed a direct threat, the last at 06:45; civil airports were temporarily closed. Prime Minister Donald Tusk said it was the first time Russian drones had been shot down over NATO territory, and Poland invoked Article 4 the same day. NATO&rsquo;s Eastern Sentry followed on 12 September, the day the Russian-Belarusian Zapad exercise began; Poland had closed its border with Belarus.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Poland invoked NATO&rsquo;s Article 4, and NATO launched Eastern Sentry on 12 September 2025.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The number of drones shot down is given differently in different reports; the official statements checked do not give a final total, so none is given here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Eastern Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Netherlands, Italy, Germany and NATO<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Russia<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Not published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No Polish aircraft lost. Two civilians were killed at Przewod&#243;w in 2022 by a missile most likely fired by Ukrainian air defences.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/primeminister\/poland-moves-to-invoke-nato-article-4-after-airspace-violation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chancellery of the Prime Minister<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/primeminister\/airspace-violation-repelled-polands-procedures-prove-effective\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chancellery of the Prime Minister<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/news-and-events\/events\/transcripts\/2025\/09\/10\/statement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/about-us\/official-texts-and-resources\/official-texts\/2025\/09\/23\/statement-by-the-north-atlantic-council-on-recent-airspace-violations-by-russia\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/polska-zbrojna.pl\/home\/ArticleShow\/41067\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polska Zbrojna<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/en-us\/news\/features\/2026\/Twenty-Years-of-Polish-F-16-Airpower.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lockheed Martin: Twenty Years of Polish F-16 Airpower (2026)<\/a><span>Peace Sky programme; first flight 14 March 2006; Quick Reaction Alert from 2010<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/primeminister\/poland-moves-to-invoke-nato-article-4-after-airspace-violation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chancellery of the Prime Minister: Poland moves to invoke NATO Article 4 (10 September 2025)<\/a><span>19 airspace violations overnight; drones posing a direct threat shot down, the last at 06:45<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/primeminister\/airspace-violation-repelled-polands-procedures-prove-effective\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chancellery of the Prime Minister: Airspace violation repelled (10 September 2025)<\/a><span>Polish aircraft and Dutch F-35s; airports temporarily closed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/news-and-events\/events\/transcripts\/2025\/09\/10\/statement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO: Statement by the Secretary General, 10 September 2025<\/a><span>Polish F-16s, Dutch F-35s, Italian AWACS, German Patriots and a NATO MRTT involved<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/about-us\/official-texts-and-resources\/official-texts\/2025\/09\/23\/statement-by-the-north-atlantic-council-on-recent-airspace-violations-by-russia\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO: Statement by the North Atlantic Council on recent airspace violations by Russia (23 September 2025)<\/a><span>Eastern Sentry launched 12 September 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/polska-zbrojna.pl\/home\/ArticleShow\/41067\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polska Zbrojna: Tragedia w Przewodowie &mdash; &#347;ledztwo zawieszone<\/a><span>15 November 2022: two men killed; most likely a Ukrainian air defence missile; investigation suspended<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/national-defence\/baltic-air-policing-mission\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ministry of National Defence: Baltic Air Policing Mission<\/a><span>mission since 2004; the 62nd rotation, November 2023 to March 2024, from &#196;mari<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ac.nato.int\/archive\/2025-2\/polish-jets-deploy-to-siauliai--lithuania--to-take-on-natos-air-policing-mission-alongside-romanian-air-force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO Allied Air Command: Polish jets deploy to &#352;iauliai (31 March 2025)<\/a><span>four F-16s; Poland&rsquo;s first Baltic rotation was in 2006<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defence24.pl\/sily-zbrojne\/zakonczenie-misji-w-kuwejcie-lotnicy-juz-w-lasku\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defence24: Zako&#324;czenie misji w Kuwejcie. Lotnicy ju&#380; w &#321;asku (July 2018)<\/a><span>20 June 2016 to 30 June 2018; four F-16s, about 3,600 hours; 621 personnel in four rotations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defence24.pl\/rok-polskich-f-16-w-kuwejcie-2000-godzin-lotu\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defence24: Rok polskich F-16 w Kuwejcie. 2000 godzin lotu (2017)<\/a><span>first operational deployment of Polish F-16s abroad; reconnaissance only<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/muzeumsp.pl\/aktualnosci\/5-listopada-narodziny-polskich-skrzydel\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Muzeum Si&#322; Powietrznych w D&#281;blinie: 5 listopada &mdash; narodziny polskich skrzyde&#322;<\/a><span>the first combat sortie of 5 November 1918 over Lw&#243;w; the 1925 founding of the School of Eaglets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pw.ipn.gov.pl\/pwi\/historia\/oddzialy-powstancze\/11107,Lotnictwo-wielkopolskie-1919-1920.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IPN: Lotnictwo wielkopolskie 1919&ndash;1920<\/a><span>capture of &#321;awica airfield on 6 January 1919 and the Greater Poland squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rep.up.krakow.pl\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11716\/6725\/AF024--08--Lotnictwo-polskie--Krawczynski.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krawczy&#324;ski: Lotnictwo polskie w latach II Rzeczypospolitej (Pedagogical University of Krak&#243;w repository)<\/a><span>organisation, squadrons in 1920, personnel strength to 1939, schools and industry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/przystanekhistoria.pl\/pa2\/teksty\/77477,Historia-Meriana-C-Coopera-i-7-Eskadry-Mysliwskiej.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IPN Przystanek Historia: Historia Meriana C. Coopera i 7. Eskadry My&#347;liwskiej<\/a><span>21 American pilots, 462 sorties in 1920, five Americans killed, Cooper shot down 13 July 1920<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wielkahistoria.pl\/polskie-i-niemieckie-lotnictwo-we-wrzesniu-1939-roku-sily-i-straty-walczacych-stron\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WielkaHistoria: Polskie i niemieckie lotnictwo we wrze&#347;niu 1939 roku (after Wac&#322;aw Kr&#243;l)<\/a><span>strengths and losses on both sides as given by the fighter pilot and historian Wac&#322;aw Kr&#243;l<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spkottawa.ca\/polski\/referaty\/Polskie%20lotnictwo.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polish Combatants&rsquo; Association, Ottawa: Polskie lotnictwo my&#347;liwskie w kampanii wrze&#347;niowej<\/a><span>Polish fighter claims and losses in 1939; evacuation to Romania<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/historykon.pl\/kampania-wrzesniowa-w-powietrzu-czesc-1\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Historykon: Kampania wrze&#347;niowa w powietrzu<\/a><span>dispersal to field airstrips before the war; the Luftwaffe bombed empty bases<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tojuzbylo.pl\/wiadomosc\/lotniczy-wrzesien-1939-roku-cz3-opis-walk-podsumowanie\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tojuzbylo: Lotniczy wrzesie&#324; 1939 roku, cz. 3<\/a><span>Bomber Brigade losses and the evacuation of bombers to Romania<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List: Polish Air Force in Great Britain 1940&ndash;1947<\/a><span>17,136 airmen and more than 1,300 women named from RAF service records<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/listakrzystka.pl\/en\/polskie-sily-powietrzne-na-zachodzie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Krzystek&rsquo;s List: Polish Air Force in the West<\/a><span>France 1939&ndash;1940, squadrons, sorties, claims and losses to 1945<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/second-world-war\/battle-of-britain\/the-polish-pilots-in-the-battle-of-britain\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Imperial War Museums: The Polish pilots who flew in the Battle of Britain<\/a><span>145 pilots, 29 killed; 303 and 302 Squadron claims; the Victory Parade<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rafmuseum.org.uk\/blog\/poles-and-czechoslovaks-in-the-battle-of-britain\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RAF Museum: Poles and Czechoslovaks in the Battle of Britain<\/a><span>303 Squadron: 126 claimed, about 79 after post-war checking<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bbm.org.uk\/of-interest\/places-of-interest\/the-polish-war-memorial\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Battle of Britain Monument: The Polish War Memorial, Northolt<\/a><span>unveiled 2 November 1948; 2,408 Polish airmen killed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.1944.pl\/en\/article\/the-tragic-yet-heroic-tale-of-captain-szostak-an,5474.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Warsaw Rising Museum: The tragic yet heroic tale of Captain Szostak and the crew of Liberator KG890<\/a><span>Warsaw airlift 4 August&ndash;22 September 1944: 257 airmen killed by nationality<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armahobbynews.pl\/en\/blog\/2020\/07\/28\/yak-1b-the-1st-fighter-aviation-regiment-warszawa-1943-45-70027-70028-70029\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arma Hobby: The 1st Fighter Aviation Regiment Warszawa 1943&ndash;45<\/a><span>formation at Grigoryevskoye, Yak-1b and Yak-9, about 1,400 sorties, largely Soviet personnel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polishairforce.pl\/1plmstraty.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">PolishAirForce.pl: 1 Pu&#322;k Lotnictwa My&#347;liwskiego Warszawa &mdash; losses and victories<\/a><span>nine air victories and 11 killed<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-25. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Back to the Polish Air Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"cmb-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"cmb-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Polish Air Force Every war the Polish Air Force has fought Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":25227,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25228","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Polish Air Force combat record | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/nl\/luchtmacht\/poolse-luchtmacht\/gevechtsgeschiedenis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Polish Air Force combat record | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Polish Air Force Every war the Polish Air Force has fought Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. 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