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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Netherlands<\/div>\n<h1>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Koninklijke Luchtmacht &middot; Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force began with four pilots and one aircraft at Soesterberg in 1913, was all but destroyed in five days in May 1940, fought two colonial wars it could not win, scored its first air-to-air kill since 1940 over Serbia in 1999, and in 2026 is an all-F-35 fighter force that renamed itself for space and gave its F-16s to Ukraine and Romania.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Dutch national marking: red, white and blue rings around an orange centre\"><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"49\" fill=\"#c8102e\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"36.75\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"24.5\" fill=\"#21468b\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"12.25\" fill=\"#f47b20\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The roundel: an orange centre inside rings of blue, white and red, red outermost<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Dutch low-visibility roundel in grey tones\"><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"49\" fill=\"#6f7a8a\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"36.75\" fill=\"#aeb6c2\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"24.5\" fill=\"#39424f\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"12.25\" fill=\"#aeb6c2\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">Low-visibility<b>The same rings in subdued tones<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>52<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1913<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>23<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Defensie \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Netherlands<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1913<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Breda<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Andr&#233; Steur<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force story: four pilots, five days in May 1940 and a new name for space<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1913&ndash;1939: four pilots, one Brik and a neutral country<\/h3>\n<p>Dutch military aviation began on 1 July 1913, when the army&rsquo;s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik; three French Farman HF.20s followed within months. The Netherlands stayed neutral through the First World War, and the small arm spent those years training pilots and opening airfields rather than fighting, at Arnhem, Gilze-Rijen, Venlo and Vlissingen among others. The interwar years were lean. Budgets were cut, and rearmament came late: the defence ministry dates a renaming to the Wapen der Militaire Luchtvaart to 1938, and in July 1939 the flying units became the Luchtvaartbrigade. On mobilisation in August 1939 the order of battle was largely home-built &mdash; 36 Fokker D.XXI fighters, 35 twin-boom Fokker G.I heavy fighters, 16 Fokker T.V bombers, Fokker C.V and C.X biplanes and Koolhoven FK.51s &mdash; with 17 American Douglas DB-8A attack aircraft. Some of these were good aeroplanes. There were simply too few of them, and too few trained crews to fly them.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">May 1940: five days<\/h3>\n<p>When Germany invaded on 10 May 1940 the Dutch had about 155 aircraft, 125 of them serviceable and 74 of them biplanes. Surprise raids on the airfields wrecked much of the force on the first morning, and by that evening about 70 aircraft remained; of 28 serviceable D.XXIs, only eight were still airworthy when the fighting ended. The Dutch hit back hardest where the Germans were most exposed, at the airborne landings around The Hague and Rotterdam. The defence ministry credits the Dutch with destroying more than 220 German transport aircraft, and German Ju 52 losses across the whole campaign are put at 224 of the 430 committed &mdash; to fighters, anti-aircraft fire and crash-landings on fields and beaches alike. Claims for Dutch fighter pilots differ between sources. After Rotterdam was bombed on 14 May the main Dutch forces surrendered; more than 2,300 Dutch servicemen died in the May days. It was brave and brief, and it proved that courage cannot make up for a decade of neglect.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1940&ndash;1962: exile, the Indies and two colonial wars<\/h3>\n<p>Dutch airmen fought on under British command. Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons were formed on 1 June 1940 by naval airmen who had escaped with their Fokker T.VIII seaplanes &mdash; naval units, strictly, and later the navy&rsquo;s &mdash; and 322 Squadron, formed with Spitfires at Woodvale on 12 June 1943, is the air force&rsquo;s own link to the RAF: it was credited with 108.5 V-1 flying bombs in 1944 and still flies today. In the East Indies the army&rsquo;s air arm, the ML-KNIL, was overwhelmed by Japan in 1942; survivors re-formed in Australia with B-25 Mitchells and Kittyhawks. After 1945 those squadrons were turned against Indonesian nationalists, flying 40 P-51D Mustangs in the &ldquo;police actions&rdquo; of 1947 and 1948&ndash;49 &mdash; a war the Netherlands lost, and whose conduct is still debated. The ML-KNIL was dissolved in 1950. In 1960 twelve Hunters were shipped to Biak to defend Netherlands New Guinea; after the New York Agreement of 15 August 1962 they came home, and the territory went to Indonesia.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1953&ndash;1991: an independent service in NATO&rsquo;s front line<\/h3>\n<p>The air force became an independent service in March 1953, with the royal prefix Koninklijke; sources differ on whether the day was the 11th or the 27th. American aid and Dutch licence production then built a large NATO force: Meteors from 1948, F-84G Thunderjets and F-84F Thunderstreaks, Hunters until 1968, 63 F-86K all-weather Sabres, F-104G Starfighters from 1962 to 1984 and 105 NF-5s from 1969 to 1991. The Starfighter purchase left a stain: in August 1976 Prince Bernhard, the Queen&rsquo;s husband, was forced out as Inspector-General of the armed forces after being accused of taking about 1.1 million dollars from Lockheed. The F-16 replaced them all. The Netherlands ordered 213, built partly by Fokker, and took the first in June 1979. From the 1960s Volkel also carried NATO&rsquo;s nuclear-sharing role, which Dutch governments have neither confirmed nor denied; the veil slipped in 2013 when former prime minister Ruud Lubbers spoke of 22 bombs there.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1993&ndash;2016: Srebrenica, the MiG-29 and Hawija<\/h3>\n<p>After the Cold War the F-16s went to war repeatedly. Over Bosnia from April 1993 they enforced the no-fly zone, and on 11 July 1995 two Dutch F-16s made the only attack NATO flew to save Srebrenica, bombing Serb armour outside the town before the strikes were called off under threats to Dutch hostages &mdash; the town fell and thousands were murdered, and the Kok cabinet resigned in April 2002 over the failure. On 24 March 1999, the first night over Yugoslavia, Maj. Peter Tankink shot down a Serbian MiG-29 with an AMRAAM, the first Dutch air-to-air kill since 1940; Dutch aircraft flew 1,194 sorties in the campaign. Afghanistan followed from 2002 to 2014, with more than 10,000 F-16 missions and one pilot, Capt. Michael Donkervoort, killed in 2006. Libya in 2011 was a no-fly-zone-only mission. Over Iraq and Syria the F-16s flew about 2,100 missions, and one of them, the strike on Hawija on 3 June 2015, killed at least 70 civilians &mdash; a fact Parliament was not told until 2019.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2013&ndash;2026: the F-35, the F-16&rsquo;s afterlife and a new name<\/h3>\n<p>The F-35 was the most argued-over purchase in Dutch defence history. The Netherlands joined the programme in 2002 and once planned 85 aircraft; in September 2013 the government settled on 37 inside a 4.5 billion euro cap, and later decisions lifted the order to 52 in 2022 and 57 by 2025. The Algemene Rekenkamer followed the project for more than twenty years and summed up the Dutch position as a choice to board the bus or let it pass. The first operational F-35A landed at Leeuwarden on 31 October 2019, full operational capability followed on 26 September 2024, and the F-16 was retired the next day after 45 years. Twenty-four went to Ukraine and 18 to the F-16 training centre in Romania, which took ownership for one euro in November 2025. Dutch F-35s shot down Russian drones over Poland in September 2025. On 1 July 2025 the command was renamed Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten &mdash; the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force &mdash; to make space a full military domain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">When Germany invaded on 10 May 1940 the Dutch had about 155 aircraft, 125 of them serviceable and 74 of them biplanes.<cite>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force &middot; verified 2026-09-28<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten (CLRS)<span class=\"gnote\">The name of the command since 1 July 2025. The historic name Koninklijke Luchtmacht is kept: the ministry says the Commander of the Air and Space Force leads the Koninklijke Luchtmacht. Before the rename the command was the Commando Luchtstrijdkrachten (CLSK)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>English name<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<span class=\"gnote\">Used by the ministry&rsquo;s English site since the 2025 rename; Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) remains the common former name<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1 July 1913<span class=\"gnote\">The army&rsquo;s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and one aircraft. The air force became an independent service with the prefix Koninklijke in March 1953; sources give either 11 or 27 March<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Netherlands Armed Forces<span class=\"gnote\">The commander reports to the Chief of Defence (Commandant der Strijdkrachten). The Defence Helicopter Command, once a joint command, is part of the air and space force<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Breda<span class=\"gnote\">Directorates for operations, materiel logistics and maintenance, and personnel and business operations; four functional commands: Air Combat, Air Mobility, Defence Helicopter and Air Support<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Lt. Gen. Andr&#233; Steur<span class=\"gnote\">Commander of the Air and Space Force since 14 April 2023<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Minister of Defence<\/dt>\n<dd>Dilan Ye&#351;ilg&#246;z-Zegerius<span class=\"gnote\">Also first Deputy Prime Minister in the Jetten cabinet; State Secretary Derk Boswijk<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 9,500 (2025)<span class=\"gnote\">7,051 military, 1,349 civilian and 1,067 reservists, a total of 9,467, as given by Wikipedia from the ministry&rsquo;s personnel page, which could not be retrieved for this dataset. In 2020 the figure was 8,291<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a> &mdash; 52 in service, 57 on contract<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">40 had been delivered by the end of 2024 and eight more were due in 2025; the rest arrive by 2028. The F-16 left service on 27 September 2024<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>AH-64E Apache &mdash; 28<\/li>\n<li>CH-47F Chinook &mdash; 20<\/li>\n<li>NH90 NFH &mdash; 19<\/li>\n<li>AS532U2 Cougar &mdash; 12 to 17<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">All in the Defence Helicopter Command. Cougar counts differ between sources; 12 H225M Caracals are to replace them from 2030<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport and tanker<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>A330 MRTT &mdash; 10 in the multinational pool at Eindhoven, 2 more ordered<\/li>\n<li>C-130H and C-130H-30 Hercules &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<li>Gulfstream &mdash; 1 government and command transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The MRTTs are owned by NATO and flown by a Multinational MRTT Unit for six partner nations; the Hercules are to be replaced by the C-390 from late 2027<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Unmanned aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>MQ-9A Reaper Block 5 &mdash; 8<span class=\"gnote\">One system of eight aircraft and four ground stations, flown by 306 Squadron at Leeuwarden; weapons fully usable by 2028<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>Pilatus PC-7 &mdash; 13<span class=\"gnote\">131 Squadron at Woensdrecht; eight PC-7 MKX from May 2027. F-35 conversion training is done at Luke AFB, Arizona<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence spending<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO target of 3.5 per cent of GDP for core defence by 2035<span class=\"gnote\">Agreed with all allies at the Hague summit on 25 June 2025, plus up to 1.5 per cent for resilience and related spending. A separate air force budget figure was not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Space<\/dt>\n<dd>First operational radar satellite in orbit<span class=\"gnote\">The ministry marked the rename by pointing to the first Dutch operational radar reconnaissance satellite; Wikipedia lists one ICEYE SAR satellite with three more on order<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Leeuwarden &mdash; F-35 (322, 323 Sqn), MQ-9 (306 Sqn)<\/li>\n<li>Volkel &mdash; F-35 (312, 313 Sqn)<\/li>\n<li>Eindhoven &mdash; C-130, Gulfstream, MRTT, EATC<\/li>\n<li>Gilze-Rijen &mdash; Apache, Chinook, Cougar<\/li>\n<li>Woensdrecht &mdash; PC-7, air depot<\/li>\n<li>De Kooy &mdash; NH90<\/li>\n<li>Deelen &mdash; helicopter training field, no based unit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<dt>Jet-capable today<\/dt>\n<dd>2 fighter bases<span class=\"gnote\">Leeuwarden and Volkel; Eindhoven handles the heavy transports and tankers<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Closed or civil<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Soesterberg &mdash; birthplace of the service in 1913, now home to the Nationaal Militair Museum<\/li>\n<li>Twenthe &mdash; where 322 Squadron re-formed in 1946 and the NF-5 entered service<\/li>\n<li>De Peel &mdash; airfield closed, guided-weapons group remains<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<dt>Squadrons abroad<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>F-35 training detachment &mdash; Luke AFB, Arizona<\/li>\n<li>302 Squadron &mdash; Fort Hood, Texas, Apache and Chinook training<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Shared with Belgium since 1 January 2017<span class=\"gnote\">The two countries take turns guarding Benelux airspace<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Nuclear sharing<\/dt>\n<dd>Volkel<span class=\"gnote\">Officially neither confirmed nor denied; former prime ministers spoke of about 22 B61 bombs in 2013 and a NATO parliamentary draft named Volkel in 2019<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One headquarters at Breda over four functional commands. <span class=\"imp\">Air Combat Command holds the F-35 bases at Leeuwarden and Volkel, Air Mobility Command the transport hub at Eindhoven, Air Support Command the training and depot base at Woensdrecht, and the Defence Helicopter Command every Dutch military helicopter.<\/span> The commander reports to the Chief of Defence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">AS<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Lieutenant General (luitenant-generaal)<\/span><b>Andr&#233; Steur<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Air and Space Force (Commandant Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten) &middot; in office since 2023<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/span><em>Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CLRS<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Breda<\/div>\n<p>The air force headquarters at Breda, with directorates for operations, materiel logistics and maintenance, and personnel and business operations. The Commander of the Air and Space Force reports to the Chief of Defence; the command took its present name on 1 July 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Combat Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Leeuwarden and Volkel<\/div>\n<p>The two fighter bases: Leeuwarden, with 322 and 323 Squadrons on the F-35A and 306 Squadron on the MQ-9A Reaper, and Volkel, with 312 and 313 Squadrons on the F-35A. The two share the Benelux quick reaction alert with Belgium.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Mobility Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Eindhoven<\/div>\n<p>The transport hub at Eindhoven: 336 Squadron with the C-130 Hercules and 334 Squadron with the government Gulfstream. The base also hosts the multinational A330 MRTT unit and the European Air Transport Command.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Defence Helicopter Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Defensie Helikopter Commando<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Gilze-Rijen<\/div>\n<p>Every Dutch military helicopter: the Chinook, Cougar and Apache squadrons at Gilze-Rijen, the NH90 maritime helicopters at De Kooy, the exercise field at Deelen and 302 Squadron at Fort Hood in Texas. At Gilze-Rijen since July 2008.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training and support<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Support Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Woensdrecht<\/div>\n<p>The schoolhouse and workshop at Woensdrecht: 131 Squadron trains every Dutch military pilot on the PC-7, alongside the Royal Air Education and Training Center and the depot squadrons, 980 to 983, that overhaul the fleet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole stealth fighter<\/td>\n<td>52<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>52 in service according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory; the ministry&rsquo;s June 2025 progress report gives 40 delivered by the end of 2024, eight due in 2025 and a total of 57 by 2028.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\">General Atomics MQ-9A Reaper Block 5<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One system of eight aircraft and four ground control stations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A330 MRTT (Multinational MRTT Fleet)<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tanker and transport<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ten in the multinational pool and two more ordered, per Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The aircraft are NATO-owned and shared by six nations; the Dutch share of flying hours is not a fixed number of airframes.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130H and C-130H-30 Hercules<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two C-130H and two stretched C-130H-30, registered G-273, G-275, G-781 and G-988.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gulfstream G650ER<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Government and command transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One aircraft. The ministry&rsquo;s own pages have described it as both a Gulfstream IV and a Gulfstream VI; Wikipedia gives a G650ER, which is used here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">Boeing AH-64E Apache Guardian<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>28 according to Wikipedia; the ministry does not publish the fleet size.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">Boeing CH-47F Chinook<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>20 according to Wikipedia; the ministry does not publish the fleet size.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 NFH<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime helicopter<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>19 in service and three more ordered, per Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter AS532U2 Cougar<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Special operations transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sources differ: Wikipedia&rsquo;s current inventory gives 12, while 17 is the figure usually given for the fleet as delivered; the ministry&rsquo;s type page does not publish a number. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>UNVERIFIED which is current.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>13 first-generation aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">F-35A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">52<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AH-64E<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:54%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">28<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CH-47F<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:38%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">20<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">NH90<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:37%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">19<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">PC-7<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:25%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">13<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AS532U2<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:23%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">12<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">A330 MRTT<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:19%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MQ-9A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:15%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">8<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>The balance of the 57 aircraft in the June 2025 progress report; the remaining aircraft are to be delivered by 2028.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Embraer C-390 Millennium<span class=\"nflag nf9\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Brazil\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>Bought together with Austria and Sweden to replace the C-130. First aircraft expected at the end of 2027 and the last in 2029, for 336 Squadron at Eindhoven. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The quantity is Wikipedia&rsquo;s; the ministry page does not state it.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus H225M Caracal<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>2030<\/td>\n<td>Replaces the Cougar in 300 Special Operations Squadron at Gilze-Rijen; deliveries from 2030, the last in 2032.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7 MKX<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>Selected in October 2024 with two simulators and signed in February 2025. First aircraft in May 2027; all aircraft, simulators and training aids by September 2027.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 NFH (additional)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2030<\/td>\n<td>The ministry says it is buying a number of extra NH90s for 2030; Wikipedia gives three.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A330 MRTT (multinational pool)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two further aircraft for the NATO-owned pool, per Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory; the Dutch share is not a fixed number of airframes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">23 types, from the Brik to the Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\" class=\"was\">Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>AH-64E<\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED; the whole fleet was rebuilt as AH-64E in 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\" class=\"was\">General Dynamics F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon (MLU)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>213<\/td>\n<td>1979&ndash;2024<\/td>\n<td>F-35A<\/td>\n<td>213 bought in two orders, 102 then 111 (177 F-16A and 36 F-16B); 138 were upgraded to the Mid-Life Update standard by TWZ&rsquo;s count (of 170 once planned), 108 by Wikipedia&rsquo;s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>McDonnell Douglas KDC-10<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tanker and transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>A330 MRTT<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph20\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair NF-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light fighter-bomber and trainer<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td>F-16<\/td>\n<td>75 single-seat NF-5A and 30 two-seat NF-5B, delivered between 7 October 1969 and 20 March 1972.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph21\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strike, reconnaissance and interceptor<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;1984<\/td>\n<td>F-16<\/td>\n<td>Total not confirmed from a primary source; hobbyist tallies give about 138 of all versions. UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Republic F-84F Thunderstreak and RF-84F Thunderflash<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>204<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;1970<\/td>\n<td>NF-5<\/td>\n<td>180 F-84F and 24 RF-84F.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker Hunter F.4, F.6 and T.7<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td>F-104G<\/td>\n<td>Total UNVERIFIED; Fokker built Hunters under licence for the Dutch and Belgian air forces.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">North American F-86K Sabre<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>All-weather interceptor<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;1964<\/td>\n<td>F-104G<\/td>\n<td>57 US-built and six Fiat-built aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" class=\"was\">Republic F-84E\/G Thunderjet<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>1952&ndash;1956<\/td>\n<td>F-84F<\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia gives 21 F-84E and 179 F-84G; a hobbyist tally gives 187, so the total lies between 187 and 200 depending on how transfers are counted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph26\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" class=\"was\">North American P-51D Mustang (ML-KNIL)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>40 received by the Netherlands East Indies army air arm; 26 were handed to Indonesia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph27\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\" class=\"was\">North American B-25 Mitchell<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1950<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-hudson\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph28\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-hudson\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed Hudson<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1942<\/td>\n<td>Mitchell<\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-xxi\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph29\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-xxi\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker D.XXI<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>36 on strength in August 1939; 28 serviceable on 10 May 1940, eight still airworthy at the end of the fighting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph30\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fokker G.I<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy fighter<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>35 on strength in August 1939; the count in May 1940 differs between sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph31\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fokker T.V<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>16 in August 1939.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph32\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fokker C.V and C.X<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance and light bomber<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>33 C.V and 20 C.X in August 1939.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph33\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas DB-8A-3N<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack aircraft<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>17 in August 1939.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph34\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fokker T.VIII<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Torpedo and patrol seaplane<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1940<\/td>\n<td>Anson and Hudson<\/td>\n<td>Eight escaped to Britain in May 1940.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph35\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.4, T.7 and F.8<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1948&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Hunter<\/td>\n<td>38 F.4 from 1948 and 160 F.8 by Wikipedia&rsquo;s count, plus T.7 trainers; the F.8s were licence-built by Fokker. Hobbyist counts of the F.4 run higher. Total UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph36\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Meteor<\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph37\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Brik<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Early military aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1913&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Farman HF.20<\/td>\n<td>The single aircraft of the new service in 1913.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph38\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed T-33<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>NF-5B<\/td>\n<td>Number UNVERIFIED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the ones that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">Allied and multinational units &mdash; the US Air Force munitions squadron at Volkel, the A330 tanker unit at Eindhoven and, until 1994, the American fighter squadron at Soesterberg &mdash; are listed with the base that hosts them and marked as allied.<\/span> Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-de-kooy\" data-base=\"de-kooy\" data-x=\"active active Defensie Helikopter Commando, Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy \">\n<td>De Kooy Naval Air Station<span>North Holland (Noord-Holland)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHKD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>1,275 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>860 Squadron<\/span>: <span>NH90 NFH<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-deelen\" data-base=\"deelen\" data-x=\"active active Defensie Helikopter Commando, administered from Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen (931 Squadron) \">\n<td>Deelen<span>Gelderland<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHDL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>1,046 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-eindhoven\" data-base=\"eindhoven\" data-x=\"active active Air Mobility Command, Vliegbasis Eindhoven \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/eindhoven\/\">Eindhoven<\/a><span>North Brabant (Noord-Brabant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHEH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>3,000 m<span>tarmac<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>334 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Gulfstream G650ER<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>336 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H \/ C-130H-30 Hercules<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Multinational MRTT Unit (MMU)<\/span>: <span>Airbus A330 MRTT<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>314 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\">F-84G Thunderjet<\/a>, F-84F Thunderstreak<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>315 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\">F-84G Thunderjet<\/a>, F-84F Thunderstreak<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>316 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\">F-84G Thunderjet<\/a>, F-84F Thunderstreak, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">NF-5A\/B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gilze-rijen\" data-base=\"gilze-rijen\" data-x=\"active active Defensie Helikopter Commando (Defence Helicopter Command), Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/gilze-rijen\/\">Gilze-Rijen<\/a><span>North Brabant (Noord-Brabant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHGR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10\/28<\/span>2,768 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>02\/20<\/span>1,996 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>298 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-47F Chinook<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>300 Special Operations Squadron<\/span>: <span>AS532 U2 Cougar<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>301 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">AH-64E Apache<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>314 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">NF-5A\/B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-leeuwarden\" data-base=\"leeuwarden\" data-x=\"active active Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Leeuwarden \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/leeuwarden\/\">Leeuwarden<\/a><span>Friesland (Frysl&#226;n)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHLW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,452 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>09\/27<\/span>2,000 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>322 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>323 Squadron (Air Combat Development Centre)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>306 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\">MQ-9A Reaper<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-volkel\" data-base=\"volkel\" data-x=\"active active Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/volkel\/\">Volkel<\/a><span>North Brabant (Noord-Brabant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHVK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06L\/24R<\/span>3,024 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>06R\/24L<\/span>3,027 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>312 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>313 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>703rd Munitions Support Squadron (US Air Force)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>327 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>328 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>311 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-woensdrecht\" data-base=\"woensdrecht\" data-x=\"active active Air Support Command, Vliegbasis Woensdrecht \">\n<td>Woensdrecht<span>North Brabant (Noord-Brabant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHWO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>07R\/25L<\/span>2,442 m<span>tarmac\/concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>07L\/25R<\/span>2,180 m<span>tarmac<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>131 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-soesterberg\" data-base=\"soesterberg\" data-x=\"active closed Last major units: 334 Squadron (to 1992) and the US Air Force 32nd Fighter Squadron (to 1994) \" class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/soesterberg\/\" class=\"was\">Soesterberg<\/a><span>Utrecht<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2008<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Luchtvaartafdeeling<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>32nd Fighter Squadron, US Air Force (Camp New Amsterdam)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">F-86F Sabre<\/a>, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>334 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Fokker F27 Friendship<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>298 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Alouette III<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-twenthe\" data-base=\"twenthe\" data-x=\"active closed Last Dutch flying unit: 313 Squadron (F-16), moved to Volkel in December 2005 \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Twenthe<span>Overijssel<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHTW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2007<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,406 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>315 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>313 Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>323 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-valkenburg\" data-base=\"valkenburg\" data-x=\"active closed Royal Netherlands Navy (Marine Luchtvaartdienst), not the air force \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Valkenburg Naval<span>South Holland (Zuid-Holland)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHVB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2006<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Navy maritime patrol aircraft (Marine Luchtvaartdienst)<\/span>: <span>Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-de-peel\" data-base=\"de-peel\" data-x=\"active closed Groep Geleide Wapens De Peel (ground-based air defence), per the MilAIP; the aerodrome is listed as closed \" class=\"was\">\n<td>De Peel<span>Limburg<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EHDP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1993<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ypenburg\" data-base=\"ypenburg\" data-x=\"active closed Last used by the air force mainly for VIP flights (after 1968) \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Ypenburg<span>South Holland (Zuid-Holland)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1992<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Where official pages and secondary sources disagree on a date or an aircraft variant, the unit note says so rather than choosing.<\/span> Allied and multinational units say so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Friesland (Frysl&#226;n) active Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Leeuwarden\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/leeuwarden\/\">Leeuwarden Air Base<\/a> &middot; EHLW<\/span><em>Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Leeuwarden<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>322 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>323 Squadron (Air Combat Development Centre)<small>Fighter squadron and tactics development centre &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>306 Squadron<small>Remotely piloted aircraft squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\">MQ-9A Reaper<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North Brabant (Noord-Brabant) active Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/volkel\/\">Volkel Air Base<\/a> &middot; EHVK<\/span><em>Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>312 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>313 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>703rd Munitions Support Squadron (US Air Force)<small>Munitions support squadron &middot; allied<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">327 Squadron<small>1951&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">328 Squadron<small>1951&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">311 Squadron<small>1951&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North Brabant (Noord-Brabant) active Air Mobility Command, Vliegbasis Eindhoven\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/eindhoven\/\">Eindhoven Air Base<\/a> &middot; EHEH<\/span><em>Air Mobility Command, Vliegbasis Eindhoven<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>334 Squadron<small>Transport squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Gulfstream G650ER<\/dd>\n<dt>336 Squadron<small>Tactical transport squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H \/ C-130H-30 Hercules<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Multinational MRTT Unit (MMU)<small>Multinational tanker-transport unit &middot; allied<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330 MRTT<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">314 Squadron<small>1952&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">F-84G Thunderjet, F-84F Thunderstreak<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">315 Squadron<small>1952&ndash;1970<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">F-84G Thunderjet, F-84F Thunderstreak<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">316 Squadron<small>1952&ndash;1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">F-84G Thunderjet, F-84F Thunderstreak, NF-5A\/B, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North Brabant (Noord-Brabant) active Defensie Helikopter Commando (Defence Helicopter Command), Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/gilze-rijen\/\">Gilze-Rijen Air Base<\/a> &middot; EHGR<\/span><em>Defensie Helikopter Commando<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>298 Squadron<small>Transport helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-47F Chinook<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>300 Special Operations Squadron<small>Special operations helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>AS532 U2 Cougar<\/dd>\n<dt>301 Squadron<small>Attack helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">AH-64E Apache<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">314 Squadron<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">NF-5A\/B, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North Brabant (Noord-Brabant) active Air Support Command, Vliegbasis Woensdrecht\">\n<div><span>Woensdrecht &middot; EHWO<\/span><em>Air Support Command, Vliegbasis Woensdrecht<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>131 Squadron<small>Flying training squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"North Holland (Noord-Holland) active Defensie Helikopter Commando, Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy\">\n<div><span>De Kooy Naval Air Station &middot; EHKD<\/span><em>Defensie Helikopter Commando, Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>860 Squadron<small>Maritime helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NH90 NFH<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the army&rsquo;s Luchtvaartafdeeling is set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and one aircraft, the Brik; three Farman HF.20s follow within months.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1915<\/div>\n<p>The Netherlands East Indies army starts its own flying service, the ancestor of the ML-KNIL, which takes that name on 30 March 1939.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>July: the Luchtvaartafdeeling becomes the Luchtvaartbrigade. On mobilisation in August the service fields Fokker D.XXI and G.I fighters, T.V bombers and C.V and C.X biplanes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>10&ndash;14 May: the Luftwaffe destroys most of the air arm in five days; the Dutch account for more than 220 German transport aircraft. On 1 June naval airmen form Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons in Britain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>The ML-KNIL is overwhelmed in Java; survivors form NEI squadrons in Australia, No. 18 with B-25 Mitchells from April 1942 and No. 120 with Kittyhawks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>12 June: 322 (Dutch) Squadron forms at RAF Woodvale with Spitfires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>8 July: Flying Officer Rudy Burgwal of 322 Squadron claims five V-1s in one 90-minute flight; the squadron&rsquo;s total reaches 108.5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>27 September: 322 Squadron is re-formed as a Dutch unit at Twente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>The ML-KNIL&rsquo;s P-51 Mustangs, Mitchells and Kittyhawks fly in the first &ldquo;police action&rdquo;, Operation Product; the second, Operation Kraai, follows in 1948&ndash;49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>The ML-KNIL is dissolved after the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia; 26 Mustangs pass to the Indonesian air force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>March: the air force becomes an independent service, the Koninklijke Luchtmacht; the exact day is given as 11 or 27 March.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>21 October: 322 Squadron flies the first Hunter sortie at Biak, Netherlands New Guinea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>15 August: the New York Agreement ends the New Guinea dispute; the Hunters are withdrawn in October. The F-104G Starfighter enters service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>7 October: the first Canadair-built NF-5 is delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>26 August: Prince Bernhard resigns as Inspector-General of the armed forces over the Lockheed bribery affair.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1979<\/div>\n<p>June: the first F-16 is delivered; 213 are eventually bought.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>11 July: two Dutch F-16s bomb Serb armour at Srebrenica before NATO calls off the strikes under threats to Dutch hostages.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>24 March: Maj. Peter Tankink shoots down a Serbian MiG-29 with an AMRAAM on the first night of Operation Allied Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2002<\/div>\n<p>F-16s and a KDC-10 deploy to Manas, Kyrgyzstan, for Afghanistan; the mission lasts until 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>17 September: the government commits to 37 F-35As inside a 4.5 billion euro cap.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>3 June: a Dutch F-16 strike on an Islamic State bomb factory in Hawija, Iraq, kills at least 70 civilians; Parliament is told in 2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>31 October: the first operational Dutch F-35A lands at Leeuwarden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>26 September: the F-35 reaches full operational capability; 27 September: the F-16 is retired after 45 years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the command is renamed Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten, the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. In September Dutch F-35s shoot down Russian drones over Poland; on 3 November 18 former Dutch F-16s pass to Romania for one euro.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>11<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1940<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The German invasion of the Netherlands<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1940<\/span> The Luchtvaartbrigade fought the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s invasion with about 125 serviceable aircraft, attacking the German airborne landings and their transport fleet<\/li>\n<li><b>The defence of the Netherlands East Indies<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1941&ndash;1942<\/span> The army air arm of the Netherlands East Indies (ML-KNIL) fought the Japanese invasion with bombers and fighters alongside Allied air units, then evacuated what it could to Australia<\/li>\n<li><b>Dutch squadrons with the RAF<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1940&ndash;1945<\/span> Dutch airmen who escaped in 1940 flew in their own squadrons within the RAF: two naval squadrons in Coastal Command and later the 2nd Tactical Air Force, and a Dutch Spitfire squadron from 1943<\/li>\n<li><b>The Indonesian War of Independence<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1945&ndash;1949<\/span> The ML-KNIL and air force transports supported Dutch attempts to restore colonial rule against the Indonesian Republic, flying ground attack, reconnaissance and transport, and supporting airborne raids<\/li>\n<li><b>The defence of Netherlands New Guinea<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1958&ndash;1962<\/span> An air force detachment provided the air defence of Biak from 1958; from 1960 322 Squadron&rsquo;s Hunters formed the fighter element of a New Guinea air defence command<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"teams\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Display teams<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force display teams<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Each team has its own page: history, aircraft, the display, the accidents and the sources.<\/p>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/grasshoppers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Helicopter display team &middot; 1973&ndash;1995<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Grasshoppers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Dutch air force&rsquo;s four-ship Alouette III team from Deelen, admired across Europe, which ended with the type&rsquo;s run-down in 1995 after flying&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Grasshoppers page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/rnlaf-f-16-solo-display-team\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Solo display &middot; 1979&ndash;2018<\/span><span class=\"rh\">RNLAF F-16 Solo Display Team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Dutch solo F-16 display that toured European shows for more than three decades, rotating between squadrons and ending with the orange &ldquo;Orange Lion&rdquo; jet.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the RNLAF F-16 Solo Display Team page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/apache-solo-display-team\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Helicopter display team &middot; since 2002<\/span><span class=\"rh\">RNLAF Apache Solo Display Team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Dutch air force&rsquo;s solo AH-64D display from Gilze-Rijen, billed as the world&rsquo;s first dedicated Apache demo team and an award winner at Fairford, flown in&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the RNLAF Apache Solo Display Team page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airbus\/\">Airbus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\">Boeing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/lockheed-martin\/\">Lockheed Martin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/nhindustries\/\">NHIndustries<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/pilatus\/\">Pilatus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airbus-helicopters\/\">Airbus Helicopters<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/embraer\/\">Embraer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/eurocopter\/\">Eurocopter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/general-atomics\/\">General Atomics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/gulfstream\/\">Gulfstream<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/lockheed\/\">Lockheed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fokker\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/north-american-aviation\/\" class=\"was\">North American Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/republic\/\" class=\"was\">Republic Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/canadair\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/curtiss\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/douglas\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/general-dynamics\/\" class=\"was\">General Dynamics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/gloster\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mcdonnell-douglas\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/supermarine\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"netherlands\" data-match=\"dutch|netherlands|holland|volkel|leeuwarden|eindhoven|gilze|soesterberg|woensdrecht|de kooy|klu\\b|rnlaf\" data-reject=\"Dutch Roll|Dutch Harbor|KLM\\b|Transavia\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/netherlands-saab-globaleye-letter-of-intent-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph39\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-10\">10 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Netherlands Signs for One Saab GlobalEye, Shared With Sweden<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The Dutch are buying a single radar jet and pooling it with three Swedish ones. No contract yet, and Saab said so twice.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/pilatus-pc-7-mkx-first-dutch-trainer-first-flight-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph40\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-09\">9 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Pilatus PC-7 MKX: The First Dutch Trainer Takes Off<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The first production Pilatus PC-7 MKX flew from Buochs on 7 September. Three NATO air forces have ordered 48 of them before a single one has been delivered.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/netherlands-mq-9a-reaper-first-armed-flight-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph41\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-24\">24 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Dutch MQ-9A Reaper Flies Armed for the First Time<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The Netherlands bought the MQ-9 Reaper in 2011 as a pair of eyes, with no weapons and no plan for any. On 20 August 2026 that changed.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/operation-manna-chowhound-food-drops-starving-dutch-1945\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph42\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-22\">22 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Bombers That Dropped Food, Not Bombs<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In the last spring of the Second World War, Dutch children ran into the fields as Allied bombers roared overhead, not to hide but to wave.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/1989-pilotless-mig-23-ghost-flight-belgium\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph43\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-10\">10 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Ghost MiG That Crossed Europe Alone<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In 1989 a Soviet pilot ejected from his MiG-23, but the jet flew on, pilotless, for 900 km across Europe before crashing into a house in Belgium.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force called now?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Since 1 July 2025 the Dutch air force has been the Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten (CLRS), in English the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force; the change was made at the Nationaal Militair Museum in Soesterberg to make space a full military domain. The historic name Koninklijke Luchtmacht is kept, and the defence ministry still describes the commander as leading the Koninklijke Luchtmacht. Before the rename the command was the Commando Luchtstrijdkrachten, and in English the service was the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), a name still widely used.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Dutch air force fly in 2026?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The combat fleet is all <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a>: 52 in service and 57 on contract. The Defence Helicopter Command flies 28 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">AH-64E Apache<\/a>s, 20 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-47F Chinook<\/a>s, 19 NH90 NFH maritime helicopters and 12 to 17 AS532U2 Cougars. Transport and support aircraft are four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H Hercules<\/a>, a Gulfstream, a share of the ten-aircraft multinational A330 MRTT pool at Eindhoven, eight <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\">MQ-9A Reaper<\/a> drones and 13 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a> trainers.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the Netherlands still fly the F-16?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16<\/a> was retired on 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, after 45 years in Dutch service. The Netherlands bought 213 of them. Twenty-four were given to Ukraine, and 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center in Romania, which took ownership of them for a symbolic one euro in November 2025.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many F-35s does the Netherlands have?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The June 2025 progress report to Parliament gives a total of 57 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A<\/a>s, with 40 delivered by the end of 2024, eight more due in 2025 and the rest by 2028. The order grew in steps: the government committed to 37 in September 2013, raised the total to 52 in 2022 and to 57 later. They fly with 322 and 323 Squadrons at Leeuwarden, 312 and 313 Squadrons at Volkel and a training detachment at Luke AFB in Arizona.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was the Dutch F-35 purchase so controversial?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because it took twenty years, cost more than planned and shrank before it grew. The Netherlands joined the programme in 2002 expecting about 85 aircraft, and by 2013 could afford only 37 within a 4.5 billion euro cap; Parliament at one point voted against buying test aircraft. The Algemene Rekenkamer, the national audit office, followed the project for more than two decades, found errors in the US invoices, and summed up the Dutch position as a choice to board the bus or let it pass.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did the Dutch air force begin?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 1 July 1913, when the army&rsquo;s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik. It became an independent service, with the prefix Koninklijke (Royal), in March 1953; sources disagree on whether the day was 11 or 27 March.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Dutch air force in May 1940?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was almost wiped out in five days. On 10 May 1940 it had about 155 aircraft, 74 of them biplanes; by that evening about 70 were left, and only eight of 28 serviceable Fokker D.XXI fighters survived the fighting. It hit back hard at the German airborne landings: the defence ministry credits the Dutch with destroying more than 220 German transport aircraft. The army surrendered on 14 May after Rotterdam was bombed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Were there Dutch squadrons in the RAF?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, three. Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons were formed on 1 June 1940 by naval airmen who escaped with Fokker T.VIII seaplanes; they flew Hudsons and later B-25 Mitchells. No. 322 (Dutch) Squadron formed with <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a>s on 12 June 1943 and was credited with 108.5 V-1 flying bombs in 1944. 322 Squadron still exists and flies the F-35 from Leeuwarden.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the ML-KNIL?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The army air arm of the Netherlands East Indies, separate from the home air force. It fought Japan in 1941&ndash;42, re-formed in Australia with <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\">B-25 Mitchell<\/a>s and <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\">Kittyhawk<\/a>s, and after 1945 flew <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\">P-51 Mustang<\/a>s against the Indonesian Republic in the two police actions. It was dissolved in 1950, and 26 of its Mustangs went to the Indonesian air force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Dutch air force fight in New Guinea?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It defended it. From 1958 an air force detachment guarded Biak, and from 1960 twelve <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\">Hawker Hunter<\/a>s of 322 Squadron, shipped out on the carrier Karel Doorman, flew there as the fighter element of a New Guinea air defence command. When Indonesia prepared a full assault in 1962 the Dutch judged they could not hold, accepted the New York Agreement of 15 August 1962 and withdrew the Hunters in October.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did a Dutch F-16 shoot down a MiG-29?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. On 24 March 1999, the first night of NATO&rsquo;s campaign against Yugoslavia, Maj. Peter Tankink flying an <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16AM<\/a> from Amendola in Italy shot down the MiG-29 of Maj. Predrag Milutinovi&#263; with an AMRAAM missile; the Serbian pilot ejected. It was the first Dutch air-to-air victory since the Second World War. The Dutch flew 1,194 sorties in the campaign.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did Dutch F-16s do at Srebrenica?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 11 July 1995 two Dutch F-16s made the only NATO air attack of the Srebrenica crisis, bombing Serb armour on the outskirts of the town after the Dutch battalion had requested air support. The strikes were then called off when the Serbs threatened to kill Dutch hostages and shell the refugees, and the town fell the same day. The failure to protect the enclave led the Dutch cabinet of Wim Kok to resign on 16 April 2002.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Hawija strike?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 3 June 2015 two Dutch F-16s bombed an Islamic State bomb factory in Hawija, Iraq; the secondary explosion killed at least 70 civilians by the coalition&rsquo;s count and at least 85 by independent research. Parliament was told at the time that no Dutch involvement in civilian casualties was known, and the truth emerged only in October 2019. The government set aside 4.5 million euro for community projects in the town.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the Netherlands have nuclear weapons at Volkel?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The government neither confirms nor denies it. Volkel has carried NATO&rsquo;s nuclear-sharing role for decades, and the F-35s based there took over all the F-16&rsquo;s tasks in 2024. Former prime minister Ruud Lubbers said in 2013 that 22 American nuclear bombs were stored there, and a draft NATO parliamentary report in 2019 named Volkel among six European sites holding about 150 US B61 bombs before the reference was removed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are the Dutch air force bases?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Leeuwarden (F-35 and MQ-9), Volkel (F-35), Eindhoven (transport, tankers and the European Air Transport Command), Gilze-Rijen (Apache, Chinook and Cougar), Woensdrecht (PC-7 training and the air depot) and De Kooy (NH90), with Deelen as a helicopter training field. Headquarters is in Breda. Soesterberg, where it all began, is no longer an air base; the site is home to the Nationaal Militair Museum.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Lieutenant General Andr&#233; Steur, Commander of the Air and Space Force since 14 April 2023. He reports to the Chief of Defence and leads the service from its headquarters in Breda. The Minister of Defence is Dilan Ye&#351;ilg&#246;z-Zegerius.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many people serve in the Dutch air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 9,500. Wikipedia, citing the defence ministry, gives 9,467 for 2025: 7,051 military personnel, 1,349 civilians and 1,067 reservists. The figure has grown from about 8,300 in 2020.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Dutch F-16s after retirement?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Most went to Ukraine and Romania. The Netherlands pledged its F-16s to Ukraine in 2023 and delivered 24; another 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center at Fete&#537;ti in Romania, where Ukrainian and Romanian pilots train, and were transferred to Romania for one euro on 3 November 2025. <\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the Dutch air force fly drones?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, eight <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\">MQ-9A Reaper<\/a>s with four ground stations, flown by 306 Squadron from Leeuwarden. They were deployed to Romania in 2024 for intelligence gathering. They are being armed, and the ministry expects the weapons to be fully usable by 2028.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which Dutch aircraft replace the C-130 and the Cougar?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Embraer C-390 Millennium replaces the four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130<\/a>s, bought jointly with Austria and Sweden, with the first due at the end of 2027 and the last in 2029. Twelve Airbus H225M Caracals replace the Cougars of 300 Special Operations Squadron between 2030 and 2032, and eight Pilatus PC-7 MKX replace the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">PC-7<\/a> from May 2027.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Defence Helicopter Command part of the air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The Defensie Helikopter Commando at Gilze-Rijen, once a joint command with the navy, is part of the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. It flies the Apache, Chinook and Cougar from Gilze-Rijen and the NH90 from De Kooy for the navy, with 302 Squadron training at Fort Hood in Texas.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Lockheed affair?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A bribery scandal that reached the Dutch royal family. A 1976 US Senate inquiry found that Lockheed had paid bribes abroad to sell aircraft, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104 Starfighter<\/a>, and on 26 August 1976 Prince Bernhard, the Queen&rsquo;s husband, was forced to resign as Inspector-General of the armed forces after being accused of accepting about 1.1 million dollars.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What fighters did the Dutch fly before the F-16?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">After the war came the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\">Gloster Meteor<\/a>, then the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\">F-84G Thunderjet<\/a> and F-84F Thunderstreak, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\">Hawker Hunter<\/a> until 1968, 63 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">F-86K Sabre<\/a> all-weather fighters until 1964, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104G Starfighter<\/a> from 1962 to 1984 and 105 Canadair-built <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">NF-5<\/a>s from 1969 to 1991. The F-16 replaced the Starfighter and the NF-5.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who guards Dutch airspace?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Netherlands and Belgium take turns. Since 1 January 2017 the two air forces have alternated Quick Reaction Alert for the whole Benelux, so the Dutch F-35s at Leeuwarden and Volkel and the Belgian fighters share one alert roster.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How much does the Netherlands spend on defence?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Netherlands, like every NATO ally, committed at the Hague summit on 25 June 2025 to spend 5 per cent of GDP on defence by 2035, of which 3.5 per cent on core defence and up to 1.5 per cent on resilience and related spending. A separate air force budget figure was not confirmed for this page.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force called now?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Since 1 July 2025 the Dutch air force has been the Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten (CLRS), in English the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force; the change was made at the Nationaal Militair Museum in Soesterberg to make space a full military domain. The historic name Koninklijke Luchtmacht is kept, and the defence ministry still describes the commander as leading the Koninklijke Luchtmacht. Before the rename the command was the Commando Luchtstrijdkrachten, and in English the service was the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), a name still widely used.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Dutch air force fly in 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The combat fleet is all F-35A Lightning II: 52 in service and 57 on contract. The Defence Helicopter Command flies 28 AH-64E Apaches, 20 CH-47F Chinooks, 19 NH90 NFH maritime helicopters and 12 to 17 AS532U2 Cougars. Transport and support aircraft are four C-130H Hercules, a Gulfstream, a share of the ten-aircraft multinational A330 MRTT pool at Eindhoven, eight MQ-9A Reaper drones and 13 Pilatus PC-7 trainers.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the Netherlands still fly the F-16?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The F-16 was retired on 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, after 45 years in Dutch service. The Netherlands bought 213 of them. Twenty-four were given to Ukraine, and 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center in Romania, which took ownership of them for a symbolic one euro in November 2025.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many F-35s does the Netherlands have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The June 2025 progress report to Parliament gives a total of 57 F-35As, with 40 delivered by the end of 2024, eight more due in 2025 and the rest by 2028. The order grew in steps: the government committed to 37 in September 2013, raised the total to 52 in 2022 and to 57 later. They fly with 322 and 323 Squadrons at Leeuwarden, 312 and 313 Squadrons at Volkel and a training detachment at Luke AFB in Arizona.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was the Dutch F-35 purchase so controversial?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because it took twenty years, cost more than planned and shrank before it grew. The Netherlands joined the programme in 2002 expecting about 85 aircraft, and by 2013 could afford only 37 within a 4.5 billion euro cap; Parliament at one point voted against buying test aircraft. The Algemene Rekenkamer, the national audit office, followed the project for more than two decades, found errors in the US invoices, and summed up the Dutch position as a choice to board the bus or let it pass.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did the Dutch air force begin?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 1 July 1913, when the army\\u2019s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik. It became an independent service, with the prefix Koninklijke (Royal), in March 1953; sources disagree on whether the day was 11 or 27 March.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Dutch air force in May 1940?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was almost wiped out in five days. On 10 May 1940 it had about 155 aircraft, 74 of them biplanes; by that evening about 70 were left, and only eight of 28 serviceable Fokker D.XXI fighters survived the fighting. It hit back hard at the German airborne landings: the defence ministry credits the Dutch with destroying more than 220 German transport aircraft. The army surrendered on 14 May after Rotterdam was bombed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Were there Dutch squadrons in the RAF?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, three. Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons were formed on 1 June 1940 by naval airmen who escaped with Fokker T.VIII seaplanes; they flew Hudsons and later B-25 Mitchells. No. 322 (Dutch) Squadron formed with Spitfires on 12 June 1943 and was credited with 108.5 V-1 flying bombs in 1944. 322 Squadron still exists and flies the F-35 from Leeuwarden.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the ML-KNIL?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The army air arm of the Netherlands East Indies, separate from the home air force. It fought Japan in 1941\\u201342, re-formed in Australia with B-25 Mitchells and Kittyhawks, and after 1945 flew P-51 Mustangs against the Indonesian Republic in the two police actions. It was dissolved in 1950, and 26 of its Mustangs went to the Indonesian air force.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Dutch air force fight in New Guinea?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It defended it. From 1958 an air force detachment guarded Biak, and from 1960 twelve Hawker Hunters of 322 Squadron, shipped out on the carrier Karel Doorman, flew there as the fighter element of a New Guinea air defence command. When Indonesia prepared a full assault in 1962 the Dutch judged they could not hold, accepted the New York Agreement of 15 August 1962 and withdrew the Hunters in October.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did a Dutch F-16 shoot down a MiG-29?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. On 24 March 1999, the first night of NATO\\u2019s campaign against Yugoslavia, Maj. Peter Tankink flying an F-16AM from Amendola in Italy shot down the MiG-29 of Maj. Predrag Milutinovi\\u0107 with an AMRAAM missile; the Serbian pilot ejected. It was the first Dutch air-to-air victory since the Second World War. The Dutch flew 1,194 sorties in the campaign.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did Dutch F-16s do at Srebrenica?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 11 July 1995 two Dutch F-16s made the only NATO air attack of the Srebrenica crisis, bombing Serb armour on the outskirts of the town after the Dutch battalion had requested air support. The strikes were then called off when the Serbs threatened to kill Dutch hostages and shell the refugees, and the town fell the same day. The failure to protect the enclave led the Dutch cabinet of Wim Kok to resign on 16 April 2002.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Hawija strike?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 3 June 2015 two Dutch F-16s bombed an Islamic State bomb factory in Hawija, Iraq; the secondary explosion killed at least 70 civilians by the coalition\\u2019s count and at least 85 by independent research. Parliament was told at the time that no Dutch involvement in civilian casualties was known, and the truth emerged only in October 2019. The government set aside 4.5 million euro for community projects in the town.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the Netherlands have nuclear weapons at Volkel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The government neither confirms nor denies it. Volkel has carried NATO\\u2019s nuclear-sharing role for decades, and the F-35s based there took over all the F-16\\u2019s tasks in 2024. Former prime minister Ruud Lubbers said in 2013 that 22 American nuclear bombs were stored there, and a draft NATO parliamentary report in 2019 named Volkel among six European sites holding about 150 US B61 bombs before the reference was removed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are the Dutch air force bases?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Leeuwarden (F-35 and MQ-9), Volkel (F-35), Eindhoven (transport, tankers and the European Air Transport Command), Gilze-Rijen (Apache, Chinook and Cougar), Woensdrecht (PC-7 training and the air depot) and De Kooy (NH90), with Deelen as a helicopter training field. Headquarters is in Breda. Soesterberg, where it all began, is no longer an air base; the site is home to the Nationaal Militair Museum.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Lieutenant General Andr\\u00e9 Steur, Commander of the Air and Space Force since 14 April 2023. He reports to the Chief of Defence and leads the service from its headquarters in Breda. The Minister of Defence is Dilan Ye\\u015filg\\u00f6z-Zegerius.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many people serve in the Dutch air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 9,500. Wikipedia, citing the defence ministry, gives 9,467 for 2025: 7,051 military personnel, 1,349 civilians and 1,067 reservists. The figure has grown from about 8,300 in 2020.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Dutch F-16s after retirement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Most went to Ukraine and Romania. The Netherlands pledged its F-16s to Ukraine in 2023 and delivered 24; another 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center at Fete\\u0219ti in Romania, where Ukrainian and Romanian pilots train, and were transferred to Romania for one euro on 3 November 2025.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the Dutch air force fly drones?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, eight MQ-9A Reapers with four ground stations, flown by 306 Squadron from Leeuwarden. They were deployed to Romania in 2024 for intelligence gathering. They are being armed, and the ministry expects the weapons to be fully usable by 2028.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which Dutch aircraft replace the C-130 and the Cougar?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Embraer C-390 Millennium replaces the four C-130s, bought jointly with Austria and Sweden, with the first due at the end of 2027 and the last in 2029. Twelve Airbus H225M Caracals replace the Cougars of 300 Special Operations Squadron between 2030 and 2032, and eight Pilatus PC-7 MKX replace the PC-7 from May 2027.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Defence Helicopter Command part of the air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The Defensie Helikopter Commando at Gilze-Rijen, once a joint command with the navy, is part of the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. It flies the Apache, Chinook and Cougar from Gilze-Rijen and the NH90 from De Kooy for the navy, with 302 Squadron training at Fort Hood in Texas.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Lockheed affair?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A bribery scandal that reached the Dutch royal family. A 1976 US Senate inquiry found that Lockheed had paid bribes abroad to sell aircraft, including the F-104 Starfighter, and on 26 August 1976 Prince Bernhard, the Queen\\u2019s husband, was forced to resign as Inspector-General of the armed forces after being accused of accepting about 1.1 million dollars.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What fighters did the Dutch fly before the F-16?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After the war came the Gloster Meteor, then the F-84G Thunderjet and F-84F Thunderstreak, the Hawker Hunter until 1968, 63 F-86K Sabre all-weather fighters until 1964, the F-104G Starfighter from 1962 to 1984 and 105 Canadair-built NF-5s from 1969 to 1991. The F-16 replaced the Starfighter and the NF-5.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who guards Dutch airspace?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Netherlands and Belgium take turns. Since 1 January 2017 the two air forces have alternated Quick Reaction Alert for the whole Benelux, so the Dutch F-35s at Leeuwarden and Volkel and the Belgian fighters share one alert roster.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much does the Netherlands spend on defence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Netherlands, like every NATO ally, committed at the Hague summit on 25 June 2025 to spend 5 per cent of GDP on defence by 2035, of which 3.5 per cent on core defence and up to 1.5 per cent on resilience and related spending. A separate air force budget figure was not confirmed for this page.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mq-9-reaper\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>General Atomics MQ-9A Reaper Block 5<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed C-130H and C-130H-30 Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing AH-64E Apache Guardian<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing CH-47F Chinook<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\"><span class=\"im ph11\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Pilatus PC-7<span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\"><span class=\"im ph35\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Gloster Meteor F.4, T.7 and F.8<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1948&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\"><span class=\"im ph36\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Spitfire<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1943&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph37\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph38\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed T-33<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\"><span class=\"im ph17\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\"><span class=\"im ph18\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>General Dynamics F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon (MLU)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1979&ndash;2024<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\"><span class=\"im ph20\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair NF-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1969&ndash;1991<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\"><span class=\"im ph21\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1962&ndash;1984<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hunter\/\"><span class=\"im ph23\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Hawker Hunter F.4, F.6 and T.7<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph24\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American F-86K Sabre<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1964<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\"><span class=\"im ph25\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Republic F-84E\/G Thunderjet<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1952&ndash;1956<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\"><span class=\"im ph26\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American P-51D Mustang (ML-KNIL)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\"><span class=\"im ph27\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American B-25 Mitchell<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1942&ndash;1950<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-hudson\/\"><span class=\"im ph28\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed Hudson<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1940&ndash;1942<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-xxi\/\"><span class=\"im ph29\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Fokker D.XXI<span class=\"nflag nf7\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the Netherlands\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Koninklijke Luchtmacht &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>official service page<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/clrs\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Commandant Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>commander Lt. Gen. Andr&#233; Steur since 14 April 2023; role<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Geschiedenis van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>official history outline: 1913, 1938, May 1940, 1953, 1962, 1991, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Libya<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/english.defensie.nl\/organisation\/air-force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force &mdash; english.defensie.nl<\/a><span>current English name<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/actueel\/nieuws\/2025\/07\/01\/luchtmacht-verder-als-commando-lucht--en-ruimtestrijdkrachten\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Luchtmacht verder als Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten &mdash; Defensie.nl news, 1 July 2025<\/a><span>rename, ceremony at the Nationaal Militair Museum, first radar satellite<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegtuigen en helikopters &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>list of current types<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/f-35-gevechtsvliegtuig\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">F-35 Lightning II &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>in service since autumn 2019; Leeuwarden, Volkel, Luke AFB; F-35A variant; exercises<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\/kst-26488-478.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kamerstuk 26488 nr. 478: 25th and final F-35 progress report, 4 June 2025<\/a><span>57 total, 40 delivered by end 2024, 8 in 2025, rest by 2028; FOC 26 September 2024<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twz.com\/air\/last-viper-commander-dutch-squadron-boss-on-todays-retirement-of-the-f-16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The War Zone: last Viper commander on the retirement of the Dutch F-16 (27 September 2024)<\/a><span>213 F-16s in two orders, MLU, first flight 3 May 1979, retirement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/mq-9-reaper\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MQ-9 Reaper &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>8 aircraft, 4 ground stations, 306 Squadron, Romania 2024, armament by 2028<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/apache-gevechtshelikopter-ah-64\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Apache AH-64 &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>AH-64E conversion 2025, 301 and 302 Squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/boeing-ch-47f-chinook-transporthelikopter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CH-47F Chinook &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>298 Squadron, 302 Squadron at Fort Hood<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/nh90\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NH90 &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>De Kooy, extra NH90s 2030, mid-life update 2028<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/cougar-transporthelikopter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cougar &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>300 SOS, H225M from 2030 to 2032<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/c-130-hercules-transportvliegtuig\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">C-130 Hercules &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>G-273, G-275, G-781, G-988; C-390 end 2027 to 2029<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/pilatus-pc-7-turbo-trainer\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>Woensdrecht; PC-7 MKX May to September 2027<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbases en luchtmachtonderdelen &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>list of bases and units<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/hoofdkwartier-luchtmacht\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hoofdkwartier luchtmacht &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>HQ in Breda, directorates, Luchtmachtraad<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/eindhoven\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Eindhoven &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>C-130, Gulfstream, MMU, EATC, MCCE; KDC-10 history (per earlier fetch)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Volkel &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>Benelux QRA shared since 1 January 2017<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/leeuwarden\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Leeuwarden &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>322, 323 and 306 Squadrons (fetched 28 Sep 2026 by the stations run)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/gilze-rijen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>Defence Helicopter Command, 298, 300, 301 Squadrons (fetched 28 Sep 2026 by the stations run)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/woensdrecht\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Woensdrecht &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>131 Squadron PC-7, air depot (fetched 28 Sep 2026 by the stations run)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/de-kooy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>860 Squadron NH90 (fetched 28 Sep 2026 by the stations run)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/deelen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vliegbasis Deelen &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>helicopter training field, no based unit (fetched 28 Sep 2026 by the stations run)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/english.defensie.nl\/site\/binaries\/site-content\/collections\/documents\/2026\/07\/24\/milaip-09-26-part-3-ad1\/milaip-09-2026split-ad-deel-1-dp-dl-eh-gr-kd.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MilAIP Netherlands 09\/26, AD part 1 &mdash; Defensie<\/a><span>De Peel closed; Deelen, Eindhoven, Gilze-Rijen, De Kooy aerodrome data<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/english.defensie.nl\/site\/binaries\/site-content\/collections\/documents\/2026\/07\/24\/milaip-09-26-part-3-ad2\/milaip-09-2026split-ad-deel-2-lw-vk-wo.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MilAIP Netherlands 09\/26, AD part 2 &mdash; Defensie<\/a><span>Leeuwarden, Volkel and Woensdrecht aerodrome data<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kvbk.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/bestanden\/uitgaven\/1918\/1962\/1962-0312-01-0115.PDF\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Blauw and Fleuren, &ldquo;Hunters van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea&rdquo;, Militaire Spectator, July 1962<\/a><span>12 Hunter F.4 by carrier from May 1960; first sortie at Biak 21 October 1960<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/militaire-geschiedenis\/20-jaar-in-afghanistan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">20 jaar in Afghanistan &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>Manas 2002, Kandahar 2004, more than 10,000 F-16 missions, 25 deaths, end June 2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/militaire-geschiedenis\/verhalen-uit-de-meidagen-van-1940\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Verhalen uit de Meidagen van 1940 &mdash; Defensie.nl<\/a><span>more than 2,300 Dutch servicemen killed in May 1940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nl\/militaire-geschiedenis-van-nederland\/historische-overzichten\/encyclopedie-internationale-operaties\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Encyclopedie internationale operaties &mdash; NIMH<\/a><span>operation start dates: air weapon over Bosnia 12 April 1993, Allied Force 24 March 1999, Unified Protector 23 March 2011, Baltic F-16 mission from Poland 5 September 2014<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nos.nl\/l\/2293723\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NOS: NAVO-rapport noemt Volkel als opslagplaats kernwapens, 16 July 2019<\/a><span>NATO parliamentary draft report naming Volkel; government neither confirms nor denies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/official_texts_236705.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Hague Summit Declaration, NATO, 25 June 2025<\/a><span>5 per cent of GDP by 2035, 3.5 per cent core defence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rekenkamer.nl\/onderwerpen\/defensie\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Algemene Rekenkamer &mdash; Defensie<\/a><span>JSF audits: financial processes 2018 (invoice errors), lessons 2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rekenkamer.nl\/documenten\/2019\/03\/06\/lessen-van-de-jsf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Algemene Rekenkamer: Lessen van de JSF, 6 March 2019<\/a><span>more than 20 years of monitoring; 85 to 37; board the bus or let it pass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rijksoverheid.nl\/regering\/bewindspersonen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bewindspersonen &mdash; Rijksoverheid.nl<\/a><span>Minister of Defence Dilan Ye&#351;ilg&#246;z-Zegerius; State Secretary Derk Boswijk; PM Rob Jetten<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eaip.lvnl.nl\/web\/eaip\/default.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">eAIP Netherlands (LVNL), AIRAC AMDT 09-2026, effective 3 September 2026, EHTW Twente AD 2<\/a><span>Civil AIP; used for Twente (EHTW) reference point, elevation and runway. Values from the first research run of 28 September 2026; the AD 2 page itself sits inside the edition&#8217;s frame set.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/leeuwarden\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Leeuwarden<\/a><span>F-35 base; MQ-9 Reaper from 2022; Weapons Instructor Course; part of Air Combat Command.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/leeuwarden\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Leeuwarden, geschiedenis<\/a><span>Official aerodrome 1938; Luftwaffe in WWII; taken over from KLM 1949; Meteor to 1956, Hunter to 1964, F-104, first F-16 base 1979.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/leeuwarden\/squadrons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Leeuwarden, squadrons<\/a><span>322 (formed 12 June 1943 in England), 323 (15 November 1948, ACDC), 306 (1953, reactivated September 2018, MQ-9).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Volkel<\/a><span>F-35 base; Benelux QRA shared with Belgium since 1 January 2017, rotating with Leeuwarden.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Volkel, geschiedenis<\/a><span>German runways August 1940; Market Garden 1944; Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis 1951; 327, 328, 311, 312 Squadrons; 306 in 1953; F-104 1965; F-16 1982-86; 313 first F-35 squadron 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\/squadrons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Volkel, squadrons<\/a><span>312 (1951; F-16 1984 to September 2024, now F-35) and 313 (1952; F-16 1988-2021, F-35 since 2022; moved from Twenthe December 2005).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/eindhoven\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Eindhoven (Air Mobility Command)<\/a><span>C-130, Gulfstream, A330 MRTT of the Multinational MRTT Unit (six NATO partners); EATC and MCCE.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/eindhoven\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Eindhoven, geschiedenis<\/a><span>Civil field Welschap 1932; air force since 1952 (314, 315, 316 Squadrons); 334 from Soesterberg May 1992; KDC-10 retired end 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/eindhoven\/squadrons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Eindhoven, squadrons<\/a><span>334 Squadron (Gulfstream IV per this page) and 336 Squadron (C-130).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/gilze-rijen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen<\/a><span>Helicopter base of the air force; Defence Helicopter Command; Apache, Chinook, Cougar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/gilze-rijen\/historie\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Gilze-Rijen, historie<\/a><span>Military flying from 11 August 1913 (Lt Versteegh); Luftwaffe 16 May 1940; NF-5 1972; F-16 1991 to 1 July 1995; Apache 1996; DHC July 2008.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/gilze-rijen\/squadrons-defensie-helikopter-commando\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: squadrons Defensie Helikopter Commando<\/a><span>298 (CH-47F), 300 SOS (Cougar), 301 (AH-64E), 860 (NH90, De Kooy), 302 (Fort Hood) and support squadrons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/woensdrecht\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Woensdrecht (Air Support Command)<\/a><span>Training aircraft of the air force; Royal Air Education and Training Center; Air Depot and Program Management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/woensdrecht\/squadrons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Woensdrecht, squadrons<\/a><span>131 Squadron (elementary and advanced pilot training); 980-983 Squadrons (depot maintenance and supply).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/deelen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Deelen<\/a><span>Part of DHC; helicopter exercise field for 11 Airmobile Brigade and special forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/de-kooy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy<\/a><span>Home of the NH90; founded 1918; closed after bombing 1944; concrete runway 1960; shared with civil users since the 1980s.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nmm.nl\/nl\/zien-en-doen\/tentoonstellingen\/fliegerhorst-soesterberg\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nationaal Militair Museum: Fliegerhorst Soesterberg 1940-1945<\/a><span>German use of Soesterberg 1940-1945, including heavy bombers sent against London.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2014\/01\/17\/dutch-f-35-goes-nuke\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: Dutch Government says their F-35 fighter jets could carry nuclear weapons (17 January 2014)<\/a><span>Ministry reply to a parliamentary motion: the nuclear task is a NATO commitment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2024\/05\/31\/dutch-f-35-nuclear-role\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: The F-35s Will Take Over The Netherlands&rsquo; Nuclear Role Within NATO Starting Tomorrow (31 May 2024)<\/a><span>Transition on 1 June 2024; Dutch MoD statement on NATO nuclear deterrence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2021\/12\/27\/rnlaf-f-35-ioc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: The Royal Netherlands Air Force has declared its F-35A operational (27 December 2021)<\/a><span>IOC 27 December 2021; 24 delivered; 55 pilots, 262 maintainers; eighth country; Lauderdale quote.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/f-86f\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Soesterberg Movements: F-86F serial listing<\/a><span>27 F-86Fs delivered 1 November 1954 to the 512th Fighter Day Squadron; 32nd activated 8 September 1955; 25th anniversary 16 November 1979.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/onderwerpen\/m\/materieel\/vliegtuigen-en-helikopters\/gulfstream-g650er\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Gulfstream G650ER<\/a><span>V-117, 334 Squadron, Eindhoven; built 2014; 15 passengers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/what-we-do\/deterrence-and-defence\/strategic-airlift\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO: Strategic airlift<\/a><span>MMF: Chicago 2012; launched 2016; first delivery June 2020; IOC March 2023; Denmark and Sweden June 2025; FOC March 2026; MOB Eindhoven, FOB Cologne, Karup to follow; 11th and 12th aircraft 2028&ndash;2029.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/news-and-events\/articles\/news\/2026\/07\/07\/nato-allies-expand-strategic-airlift-capacity\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO: NATO Allies expand strategic airlift capacity (7 July 2026)<\/a><span>Finland joins the MMF; nine members; 10th A330 MRTT imminent; full capacity 12.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.f-16.net\/units_article270.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">F-16.net: 316 Squadron RNLAF<\/a><span>Formed at Eindhoven 1952; F-84G, F-84F 1956, NF-5A 1971, F-16A 1991; disbanded 1 April 1994 after the 1993 Defence White Paper; falcon badge and motto.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.f-16.net\/units_article268.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">F-16.net: 314 Squadron RNLAF<\/a><span>Formed at Eindhoven 1952; NF-5A 1970; at Gilze-Rijen by 1988; disbanded 6 July 1995.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eindhovenairport.nl\/en\/organisation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eindhoven Airport: Organisation<\/a><span>Announces closure from 1 February to 19 July 2027 for runway renovation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2024\/01\/18\/dutch-say-farewell-to-ah-64d\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: Dutch Say Farewell To AH-64D Apache Helicopters (18 January 2024)<\/a><span>12 AH-64As leased; 30 AH-64Ds ordered May 1995, delivered 1998&ndash;2002; Q-20 lost August 2004; Q-15 lost in Mali (dated March 2014, which conflicts with other sources); 28 remanufactured.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-28. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Defensie \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Mediacentrum Defensie &#8211; Jan Dijkstra \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Dutch Ministry of Defence &#8211; Mike De Graaf \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: MarcelX42 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Mark Harkin \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Anna Zvereva \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Defensie Nederland \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Steve Lynes from Sandshurst, United Kingdom \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alf van Beem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Rob Schleiffert from Holland \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Ank Kumar \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Tim Felce \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: AlfvanBeem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Andr&#233; Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alf van Beem \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo (Belgian F-84G shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Jim.van.de.Burgt \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: calflier001 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Onbekend \/ Koninklijke Luchtmacht \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Fotoafdrukken Koninklijke Marine \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Fotograaf Onbekend \/ DLC \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: USAAF \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Fokker factories \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Vliegbasis Soesterberg \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Collectie Fotoafdrukken Koninklijke Luchtmacht \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Collectie Van Beek \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Jemr69 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Aleem Yousaf \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo (Belgian T-33 shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w4-hero-royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w4-nl-t-01.jpg)!important}#mfam 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