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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/army-air-corps-united-kingdom\/\">Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Army Air Corps has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The air observation post pilots of the Second World War and Korea were Army pilots flying in RAF-numbered squadrons and flights, and the glider pilots belonged to the first Army Air Corps of 1941&ndash;1949; both are recorded as the corps&rsquo; lineage. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From air observation posts over North Africa in 1942 to Apaches off Libya in 2011.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"North Africa, Sicily, Italy, north-west Europe Royal Artillery pilots in RAF Air OP squadrons (No. 651 Squadron and others) Alongside United States Auster AOP\">\n<td>Air observation post squadrons in the Second World War<span class=\"cwho\">Austers over North Africa, Italy and north-west Europe<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Royal Artillery pilots in RAF Air OP squadrons (No. 651 Squadron and others)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Italy<\/td>\n<td>Auster AOP<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Spotted and directed artillery fire from light aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>No. 651 Squadron formed at Old Sarum on 1 August 1941 with a mixed crew: the pilots, drivers and signallers came from the Royal Artillery, the adjutants and technicians from the RAF. It went into action in November 1942 during Operation Torch in North Africa, then moved to Sicily and Italy in July 1943 and reached Austria by May 1945, according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s squadron history. These were RAF squadrons, not Army Air Corps units, but they are the corps&rsquo; second parent: in 1957 651 Squadron simply changed its prefix from RAF to AAC.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Air OP principle, soldiers flying for the guns, became the core of the post-war Army Air Corps.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The number of Air OP squadrons and their losses were not confirmed from a primary source.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Artillery pilots in RAF Air OP squadrons (No. 651 Squadron and others)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>North Africa, Sicily, Italy, north-west Europe<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Auster AOP<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._651_Squadron_AAC\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum (Middle Wallop)<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Sicily, Normandy, southern France, the Netherlands, Germany Glider Pilot Regiment, Army Air Corps Alongside United States and Poland Airspeed Horsa and other gliders\">\n<td>Glider Pilot Regiment airborne operations<span class=\"cwho\">Sicily, Normandy, Arnhem and the Rhine<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Glider Pilot Regiment, Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Italy<\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Horsa and other gliders<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Flew assault gliders carrying airborne troops and equipment, then fought on the ground.<\/p>\n<p>The glider pilots were soldiers trained to fly and then to fight as infantry once on the ground. Wikipedia lists their operations as Sicily (Operation Ladbroke, 1943), Normandy (including Pegasus Bridge and the Merville Battery), southern France (Operation Dragoon, 1944), Arnhem (Operation Market Garden, September 1944) and the Rhine crossing (Operation Varsity, March 1945). The National Army Museum names Sicily, Normandy, Arnhem and the Rhine crossings as the corps&rsquo; main wartime operations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The regiment&rsquo;s best-known feat was the capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges on 6 June 1944.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Figures for gliders flown and pilots lost differ between published histories and were not independently confirmed here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Glider Pilot Regiment, Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Sicily, Normandy, southern France, the Netherlands, Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Airspeed Horsa and other gliders<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Wikipedia calls the regiment the unit with the highest casualty rate per head in British Army history; exact casualty figures were not confirmed from a primary source and are not given here.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glider_Pilot_Regiment\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/explore\/army-air-corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Army Museum<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Korea Army pilots in RAF-numbered flights (Royal Artillery and Glider Pilot Regiment) Alongside United Nations Command and United States Auster 6 Auster 7 Cessna L-19A Bird Dog\">\n<td>Korean War<span class=\"cwho\">1903 Air OP Flight and 1913 Light Liaison Flight<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Army pilots in RAF-numbered flights (Royal Artillery and Glider Pilot Regiment)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1951&ndash;1955<\/td>\n<td>North Korea and China<\/td>\n<td>Auster 6, Auster 7, Cessna L-19A Bird Dog<\/td>\n<td>12,000<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Artillery observation, photographic reconnaissance, liaison and transport.<\/p>\n<p>1903 Independent Air OP Flight sailed to Korea in HMS Unicorn in July 1951 with five Auster 6s, six Royal Artillery pilots and about 40 RAF technicians, flying from AE111 and then Fort George on the Imjin. 1913 Light Liaison Flight, formed in mid-1951, had six Austers flown by Glider Pilot Regiment pilots, later adding an American L-19A and an Auster 7. The Air OP sorties lasted one to three hours at a few thousand feet, directing artillery.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Both flights won gallantry awards including a DSO and several DFCs; operations ended in January 1955.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">These were RAF-numbered flights, before the 1957 corps existed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army pilots in RAF-numbered flights (Royal Artillery and Glider Pilot Regiment)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Korea<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations Command and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>North Korea and China<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Auster 6, Auster 7, Cessna L-19A Bird Dog<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>12,000<span class=\"cwho\">Approximate: nearly 3,000 Air OP sorties by 1903 Flight and about 9,000 by 1913 Light Liaison Flight, according to the Army Flying Museum.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>5 killed<span class=\"cwho\">The Army Flying Museum records the 1903 Flight commander, Major Wilfred Harris, killed on 2 June 1953 when a crashing F-84 hit him, two more pilots and two groundcrew killed, and two pilots and an observer shot down and captured.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/online-exhibitions\/the-korean-war\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Malaya Air OP squadrons and, from 1957, the Army Air Corps Alongside Malaya Auster AOP\">\n<td>Malayan Emergency<span class=\"cserv\">Air OP squadrons and, from 1957, the Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1948&ndash;1960<\/td>\n<td>Malayan National Liberation Army<\/td>\n<td>Auster AOP<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Light aircraft observation and liaison.<\/p>\n<p>The National Army Museum includes Malaya (1948&ndash;60) in the campaigns of the Army Air Corps and its forebears. No detail on aircraft numbers or missions was confirmed from a primary source, so none is given here.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Listed by the National Army Museum among the corps&rsquo; campaigns.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Thinly sourced; included for completeness.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Air OP squadrons and, from 1957, the Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Malaya<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Malaya<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Malayan National Liberation Army<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Auster AOP<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/explore\/army-air-corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Army Museum<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei) Army Air Corps Alongside Malaysia Westland Scout AH1\">\n<td>Borneo confrontation<span class=\"cwho\">Indonesia&ndash;Malaysia confrontation<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td>Indonesia<\/td>\n<td>Westland Scout AH1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, liaison, casualty evacuation and resupply in jungle.<\/p>\n<p>The British Army&rsquo;s page for the corps lists Borneo and Aden (1962&ndash;67) as its first deployments, and Wikipedia&rsquo;s Scout article says the new turbine helicopter served in the Indonesia&ndash;Malaysia confrontation. British Forces Brunei is still on the corps&rsquo; list of locations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The corps&rsquo; first campaign after re-formation; the Army still lists it first on its own page.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei)<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Malaysia<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Indonesia<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Scout AH1<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Scout\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/explore\/army-air-corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Army Museum<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"Aden and the Radfan mountains Army Air Corps No allied air arm Westland Scout AH1\">\n<td>Aden Emergency and the Radfan<span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td>National Liberation Front and FLOSY<\/td>\n<td>Westland Scout AH1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, troop lift and casualty evacuation under fire.<\/p>\n<p>The Radfan campaign tested the Scout in heat and altitude. Wikipedia says multiple Scouts were shot down and recovered, and three were written off between 1964 and 1967. The Army lists Aden with Borneo among the corps&rsquo; operations of 1962&ndash;67.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Britain withdrew from Aden in 1967.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Loss figure from Wikipedia only.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Aden and the Radfan mountains<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>National Liberation Front and FLOSY<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Scout AH1<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>3 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">Wikipedia says several Scouts were hit and usually recovered, and three were written off.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Scout\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/explore\/army-air-corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Army Museum<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Northern Ireland Army Air Corps No allied air arm Westland Scout AH1 Gazelle AH1 Lynx\">\n<td>Northern Ireland (Operation Banner)<span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;2007<\/td>\n<td>Provisional IRA and other paramilitary groups<\/td>\n<td>Westland Scout AH1, Gazelle AH1, Lynx<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Surveillance, patrol insertion, resupply of border bases and command flying.<\/p>\n<p>The Army dates Operation Banner from 1969 to 2007, and army helicopters flew throughout. Wikipedia&rsquo;s Scout article credits the type with pioneering the Heli-Tele airborne surveillance camera and Eagle patrols from 1971. In South Armagh, where road movement was dangerous, bases were supplied largely by air.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Army&rsquo;s longest campaign; the Gazelle&rsquo;s last farewell flypast in 2023 was from Aldergrove.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Losses are from Wikipedia and are incomplete.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Northern Ireland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Provisional IRA and other paramilitary groups<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Scout AH1, Gazelle AH1, Lynx<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Wikipedia records at least five Scouts written off, a Gazelle that crashed after coming under IRA fire on 17 February 1978 and a Lynx shot down by an IRA mortar on 19 March 1994 whose crew survived. A full official loss list was not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Scout\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Lynx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"Falkland Islands 656 Squadron AAC (with the Royal Marines&rsquo; 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron) No allied air arm Westland Scout AH1 Gazelle AH1\">\n<td>Falklands War (Operation Corporate)<span class=\"cwho\">656 Squadron in the South Atlantic<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">656 Squadron AAC (with the Royal Marines&rsquo; 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td>Argentina<\/td>\n<td>Westland Scout AH1, Gazelle AH1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Casualty evacuation, resupply, reconnaissance, liaison and missile strikes.<\/p>\n<p>656 Squadron sailed with three Scouts in Europic Ferry on 22 April and more Scouts and six Gazelles in the ferries Baltic and Nordic; the air and groundcrew went south in Queen Elizabeth 2 on 12 May, according to the Army Flying Museum. At first a Scout flight worked as 5 Flight of 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron. On 28 May Scouts flew casualties out for 2 PARA at Goose Green, and on 14 June Scouts fired SS.11 missiles at Argentine positions (Wikipedia). The museum credits the squadron with 195 casualties evacuated, at least 20 of them Argentine, and 90 per cent aircraft availability.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Argentine forces on the islands surrendered on 14 June 1982.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Wikipedia says three Scouts of 656 Squadron took part; the Army Flying Museum lists three in Europic Ferry and three more in Baltic. The friendly-fire loss of XX377 is described as such by the Army Flying Museum.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>656 Squadron AAC (with the Royal Marines&rsquo; 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Falkland Islands<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Argentina<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Scout AH1, Gazelle AH1<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">588 operational flying hours, according to the Army Flying Museum.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>2 aircraft &middot; 4 killed<span class=\"cwho\">656 Squadron: Gazelle XX377 shot down by HMS Cardiff on the night of 5&ndash;6 June, killing Staff Sergeant Chris Griffin and Lance Corporal Simon Cockton (AAC) and Major Mike Forge and Staff Sergeant John Baker (Royal Signals); Scout XR628 lost on 8 June with its crew unhurt (the Army Flying Museum says after an evasive manoeuvre, Wikipedia says a rotor gearbox failure). The two Gazelles shot down on 21 May and the Scout shot down by Pucar&#225;s on 28 May belonged to the Royal Marines&rsquo; 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron, not the AAC.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/online-exhibitions\/the-falklands-war\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Scout\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd8\" data-x=\"Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait Army Air Corps (4 Regiment and others) Alongside United States, Saudi Arabia and coalition Lynx AH7 (TOW) Gazelle AH1\">\n<td>Gulf War (Operation Granby)<span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps (4 Regiment and others)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1990&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td>Iraq<\/td>\n<td>Lynx AH7 (TOW), Gazelle AH1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd8\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd8\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Anti-tank and reconnaissance helicopters.<\/p>\n<p>Wikipedia says 24 TOW-armed Lynx deployed, and that on 26 February 1991 one destroyed two MT-LB armoured personnel carriers and four T-55 tanks; the 4 Regiment AAC article says the regiment went with Lynx and Gazelle. The Army lists the liberation of Kuwait among the corps&rsquo; operations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Kuwait was liberated in February 1991; the AAC&rsquo;s battle honour is recorded by Wikipedia as Wadi al-Batin.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The 26 February claim is from Wikipedia and was not confirmed from an official source.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps (4 Regiment and others)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States, Saudi Arabia and coalition<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Lynx AH7 (TOW), Gazelle AH1<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No AAC combat losses were found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Lynx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4_Regiment_Army_Air_Corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd9\" data-x=\"Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo Army Air Corps Alongside NATO and United Nations Lynx AH7 Gazelle AH1\">\n<td>Bosnia and Kosovo<span class=\"cwho\">Balkans peace support<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1995&ndash;2002<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Lynx AH7, Gazelle AH1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd9\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd9\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd9\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, liaison and utility flying for UN and NATO forces.<\/p>\n<p>The Army&rsquo;s page lists the Balkans and Kosovo among the corps&rsquo; operations between 1979 and 2007 (with Rhodesia and Sierra Leone). Wikipedia records 3 Regiment squadron tours in Bosnia in 1997 and 1999, and Gazelles supporting UN missions.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Army lists the Balkans and Kosovo among the corps&rsquo; operations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Start and end years are approximate; the Army gives only a combined span.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO and United Nations<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Lynx AH7, Gazelle AH1<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>1 aircraft &middot; 2 killed<span class=\"cwho\">Wikipedia records a Lynx crash in Bosnia on 22 December 1998 in which two servicemen were killed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3_Regiment_Army_Air_Corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Lynx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd10\" data-x=\"Southern Iraq Army Air Corps Alongside United States and coalition Lynx AH7\/AH9 Gazelle AH1 Defender\">\n<td>Iraq (Operation Telic)<span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2003&ndash;2009<\/td>\n<td>Iraq (2003) and insurgent groups<\/td>\n<td>Lynx AH7\/AH9, Gazelle AH1, Defender<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd10\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd10\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd10\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, fire support and utility flying in the invasion and the occupation of Basra province.<\/p>\n<p>Wikipedia says 3 Regiment AAC deployed for Telic 1 from January to July 2003 with 12 Lynx and 10 Gazelle. The Ministry of Defence&rsquo;s casualty notice of 6 May 2006 shows how mixed crews had become: the Lynx lost over Basra belonged to the Royal Navy, but its dead included RAF, Navy, Royal Marines and Army Air Corps personnel.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> British combat operations in Iraq ended in 2009; the Army gives the corps&rsquo; span as 2003&ndash;11.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">End date follows the end of UK combat operations; the Army&rsquo;s page gives 2003&ndash;11.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Southern Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and coalition<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq (2003) and insurgent groups<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Lynx AH7\/AH9, Gazelle AH1, Defender<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No AAC aircraft loss was confirmed. An AAC pilot, Captain David Dobson, was among five killed when an 847 Naval Air Squadron Lynx was shot down over Basra on 6 May 2006.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3_Regiment_Army_Air_Corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/fatalities\/five-personnel-in-basra-helicopter-crash-named\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd11\" data-x=\"Helmand and Kandahar, Afghanistan Army Air Corps Alongside NATO (ISAF) and Afghanistan Apache AH1 Lynx AH9A Defender\">\n<td>Afghanistan (Operation Herrick)<span class=\"cwho\">Apaches over Helmand<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Army Air Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2006&ndash;2014<\/td>\n<td>Taliban<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">Apache AH1<\/a>, Lynx AH9A, Defender<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd11\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd11\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd11\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Attack helicopter escort and close support, reconnaissance and utility flying.<\/p>\n<p>The Apache AH1 deployed in May 2006 with 16 Air Assault Brigade, and in April 2014 664 Squadron of 4 Regiment flew the 50,000th hour. On 15 January 2007, in Operation Glacier in Helmand, Apache ZJ224 took part in a rescue mission, according to the Army Flying Museum. Upgraded Lynx Mk9As reached Afghanistan from 25 May 2010 to fly in the heat that had limited older Lynx to part of the year.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> UK combat operations ended in October 2014; the Army dates its Afghan commitment to 2002&ndash;14.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">A full AAC casualty list for Herrick was not compiled from official sources.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Army Air Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Helmand and Kandahar, Afghanistan<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO (ISAF) and Afghanistan<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Taliban<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">Apache AH1<\/a>, Lynx AH9A, Defender<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">British Apaches flew 50,000 hours in Afghanistan from 2006 to April 2014, one third of all UK Apache flying, according to the Ministry of Defence.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>1 aircraft &middot; 3 killed<span class=\"cwho\">A Lynx Mk9A crashed in Kandahar province on 26 April 2014 in what the Ministry of Defence called a tragic accident; five were killed, three of them Army Air Corps (Captain Thomas Clarke, WO2 Spencer Faulkner, Corporal James Walters). Other AAC deaths in Afghanistan were not compiled here.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/apache-flies-50000-hours-on-operations-in-afghanistan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/museum-highlights\/apache-ah-mk-1\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/upgraded-army-lynx-helicopter-fleet-complete\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/fatalities\/five-uk-service-personnel-killed-in-afghanistan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AgustaWestland_Apache\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd12\" data-x=\"Libya 656 Squadron, 4 Regiment AAC Alongside NATO and France Apache AH1\">\n<td>Libya (Operation Ellamy)<span class=\"cwho\">Apaches from HMS Ocean<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">656 Squadron, 4 Regiment AAC<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>Gaddafi government forces<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">Apache AH1<\/a><\/td>\n<td>49<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd12\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd12\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd12\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Strikes from a Royal Navy ship against regime forces, enforcing a UN Security Council resolution.<\/p>\n<p>HMS Ocean took Apaches to the Libyan coast from late May 2011: four according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s Operation Ellamy article, three rising to four and then five according to its HMS Ocean article. The first strikes, on 4 June 2011, hit a radar installation and a military checkpoint near Brega. The Defence Secretary, Liam Fox, called it &ldquo;the first operational mission flown by British Army Apaches at sea.&rdquo; The Ministry of Defence said the Apaches hit military vehicles, installations and communications equipment.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> HMS Ocean operated off Libya for four months; no Apache was lost.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The number of Apaches embarked differs between sources.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>656 Squadron, 4 Regiment AAC<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Libya<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO and France<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Gaddafi government forces<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ah-64-apache\/\">Apache AH1<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>49<span class=\"cwho\">49 missions allocated to the Apaches over four months, according to the Ministry of Defence; Wikipedia says they engaged targets on 39 occasions in the first month.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No Apache losses were reported.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/apaches-conduct-operations-over-libya\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/cds-visits-hms-ocean-to-praise-libya-role\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Ellamy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Ocean_(L12)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AgustaWestland_Apache\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.mod.uk\/who-we-are\/corps-regiments-and-units\/army-air-corps\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British Army: Army Air Corps<\/a><span>Combat aviation arm of the British Army; established 1 September 1957; operations list from Borneo and Aden to Herrick, Telic and Ellamy; locations Middle Wallop (HQ), Shawbury, Yeovilton, Wattisham, Brunei; 1, 3, 4, 5 Regiments and training regiments 2, 7, 9; Apache AH-64E and Wildcat Mk1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/explore\/army-air-corps\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Army Museum: Army Air Corps<\/a><span>First formed 21 December 1941 as the corps for the Parachute Regiment and Glider Pilot Regiment; disbanded August 1949; re-formed 1957; direct-fire combat arm in 1972; campaign list.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum (Middle Wallop)<\/a><span>Collections cover the Royal Engineers, Royal Flying Corps, Glider Pilot Regiment, Air OP squadrons and the Army Air Corps from 1878; over 35 aircraft.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/online-exhibitions\/the-falklands-war\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum: The Falklands War (online exhibition)<\/a><span>656 Squadron AAC in 1982: Scouts and Gazelles, 588 operational flying hours, 195 casualties evacuated, Gazelle XX377 shot down by HMS Cardiff with four killed, Scout XR628 lost 8 June.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/online-exhibitions\/the-korean-war\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum: The Korean War (online exhibition)<\/a><span>1903 Independent Air OP Flight and 1913 Light Liaison Flight, 1951&ndash;1955; nearly 3,000 and about 9,000 sorties; losses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/armyflying.com\/the-collections\/museum-highlights\/apache-ah-mk-1\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Flying Museum: Apache AH Mk.1 (ZJ224)<\/a><span>Came into service with the AAC in 2001; 67 ordered, first eight Boeing-built; ZJ224 with 656 Squadron from 18 August 2003, Operation Glacier 15 January 2007; unveiled at the museum 13 May 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/apache-flies-50000-hours-on-operations-in-afghanistan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: Apache flies 50,000 hours on operations in Afghanistan (14 April 2014)<\/a><span>50,000 hours in Afghanistan since 2006, one third of all UK Apache flying; 664 Squadron, 4 Regiment AAC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/apaches-conduct-operations-over-libya\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: Apaches conduct operations over Libya (4 June 2011)<\/a><span>First Apache strikes on 4 June 2011 against a radar installation and a military checkpoint near Brega; Liam Fox: first operational mission flown by British Army Apaches at sea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/cds-visits-hms-ocean-to-praise-libya-role\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: CDS visits HMS Ocean to praise Libya role (8 November 2011)<\/a><span>656 Squadron AAC Apaches allocated 49 missions in four months off Libya.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/upgraded-army-lynx-helicopter-fleet-complete\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: Upgraded Army Lynx helicopter fleet complete (16 December 2011)<\/a><span>22 Lynx Mk9A delivered by 15 December 2011; first in Afghanistan 25 May 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/fatalities\/five-uk-service-personnel-killed-in-afghanistan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: Five UK service personnel killed in Afghanistan (Lynx, 26 April 2014)<\/a><span>Lynx Mk9A lost in Kandahar province on 26 April 2014; five killed, three of them Army Air Corps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/fatalities\/five-personnel-in-basra-helicopter-crash-named\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GOV.UK: Five personnel in Basra helicopter crash named (6 May 2006)<\/a><span>847 Naval Air Squadron Lynx lost over Basra; Captain David Dobson AAC among the five killed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/army-air-corps-united-kingdom\/\">Back to the Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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