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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/japan-air-self-defense-force\/\">Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war Japanese military aviation has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The entries to 1945 belong to the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services, which ended with Japan&rsquo;s defeat. The JASDF, founded in 1954 with no direct predecessor organisation, has never fought a war; its entries are scrambles and airlifts. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From Tsingtao in 1914 to the scrambles over the East China Sea today.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"Kiautschou Bay, China Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services Alongside United Kingdom Maurice Farman MF.7 Nieuport VI-M Farman seaplanes\">\n<td>Siege of Tsingtao<span class=\"cwho\">the first Japanese air operations<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1914<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td>Maurice Farman MF.7, Nieuport VI-M, Farman seaplanes<\/td>\n<td>136<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance and bombing against the German colony, alongside a British contingent.<\/p>\n<p>Japan entered the First World War on the Allied side and besieged the German naval base at Tsingtao. The army sent a provisional air unit of four Maurice Farman MF.7s and one Nieuport, which flew 86 sorties. The navy&rsquo;s seaplane carrier Wakamiya carried Farman seaplanes that, according to Wikipedia, flew 50 sorties and dropped 200 bombs, among the first air raids launched from a ship. The operation was small, but it gave both services their first combat experience within four years of the first flight in Japan.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The colony surrendered in November 1914.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Loss figures and exact dates of the air operations were not confirmed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kiautschou Bay, China<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Maurice Farman MF.7, Nieuport VI-M, Farman seaplanes<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>136<span class=\"cwho\">86 by the army&rsquo;s five aircraft and 50 by the navy&rsquo;s seaplanes (Wikipedia).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"China Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services No allied air arm Mitsubishi G3M Mitsubishi Ki-21 Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-43\">\n<td>Second Sino-Japanese War<span class=\"cwho\">including the bombing of Chongqing<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Republic of China and United States (from 1941)<\/td>\n<td>Mitsubishi G3M, Mitsubishi Ki-21, Mitsubishi A6M Zero<span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air superiority, close support and strategic bombing of Chinese cities.<\/p>\n<p>From 1937 the army and navy air services fought over China and bombed its cities, among them Shanghai and Nanjing. By the end of 1937 the navy alone had 563 land-based and 332 carrier aircraft. The longest campaign was against Chongqing, the wartime capital: 268 raids between 18 February 1938 and 19 December 1944, flown by both services with G3M and Ki-21 bombers. Wikipedia describes the casualty data as incomplete; one raid in May 1939 killed more than 3,000 people, and on 5 June 1941 about 4,000 suffocated in a tunnel shelter. The A6M Zero made its combat debut over Chongqing in August 1940.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Merged into the Pacific war; Japan surrendered in 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Chinese and Japanese casualty totals for the air campaign were not found in an authoritative source and are not given.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>China<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Republic of China and United States (from 1941)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Mitsubishi G3M, Mitsubishi Ki-21, Mitsubishi A6M Zero, Nakajima Ki-43<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not available in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not given in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_Chongqing\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Mongolian&ndash;Manchurian border Imperial Japanese Army Air Service Alongside Manchukuo Nakajima Ki-27 Mitsubishi Ki-21\">\n<td>Battles of Khalkhin Gol<span class=\"cwho\">the Nomonhan Incident<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Imperial Japanese Army Air Service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>Soviet Union and Mongolian People&rsquo;s Republic<\/td>\n<td>Nakajima Ki-27, Mitsubishi Ki-21<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>162<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Fighter and bomber operations against Soviet and Mongolian forces.<\/p>\n<p>From 11 May to 16 September 1939 the army air service fought a sustained air campaign over the border river Khalkhin Gol. The losses on both sides, as tabulated by Wikipedia from post-war research, were heavy: 162 Japanese aircraft lost in combat against 250 Soviet aircraft lost in all.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Soviet and Mongolian victory; ceasefire 16 September 1939.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Loss figures come from Wikipedia; primary Japanese and Soviet records were not checked. The aircraft types listed are indicative.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Imperial Japanese Army Air Service<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Mongolian&ndash;Manchurian border<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Manchukuo<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Soviet Union and Mongolian People&rsquo;s Republic<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Nakajima Ki-27, Mitsubishi Ki-21<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not given.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>162 aircraft &middot; 152 killed<span class=\"cwho\">Japanese: 162 aircraft lost in combat and 152 dead, with 220 more aircraft damaged. Soviet: 250 aircraft lost (208 in combat) and 174 dead. Figures from Wikipedia; each side&rsquo;s wartime claims were much higher.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Pacific, South-East Asia, China and Japan Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services Alongside Germany and Italy Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-43 Mitsubishi G4M Aichi D3A Nakajima B5N\">\n<td>Pacific War<span class=\"cwho\">the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, China and Soviet Union (August 1945)<\/td>\n<td>Mitsubishi A6M Zero, Nakajima Ki-43, Mitsubishi G4M<span class=\"cwho\">and 2 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Carrier strikes, land-based bombing, air defence of Japan and, from October 1944, suicide attacks.<\/p>\n<p>The navy&rsquo;s carrier force opened the war at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, destroying more than 188 American aircraft for the loss of 29. Three days later G4M and G3M bombers sank HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse. At Midway on 4&ndash;7 June 1942 the navy lost four fleet carriers, 248 aircraft and 3,057 men. The loss of trained aircrew was never made good. On 25 October 1944, at Leyte Gulf, the first organised kamikaze mission flew; about 3,800 pilots died in such attacks. Estimates of the ships they sank range from 34 (US Air Force) and 47 (the researcher Bill Gordon) to the 81 claimed by Japanese wartime propaganda, and US sources give about 4,900 US sailors killed. In August 1945 the army air service had 676,863 members.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Japan surrendered in August 1945 and both air services ceased to exist.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Casualty figures are attributed as the sources give them and are not complete totals; Allied civilian and military deaths caused by Japanese air attacks are not totalled here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Imperial Japanese Army and Navy air services<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Pacific, South-East Asia, China and Japan<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, China and Soviet Union (August 1945)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Mitsubishi A6M Zero, Nakajima Ki-43, Mitsubishi G4M, Aichi D3A, Nakajima B5N<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Kamikaze: 2,550 missions according to the US Strategic Bombing Survey as quoted by Wikipedia.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Navy aviation alone lost 14,242 aircrew and 1,579 officers killed between 16 December 1941 and 20 March 1945; about 3,800 kamikaze pilots died. Midway cost 248 aircraft and 3,057 dead. A complete total for both services was not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Midway\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamikaze\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitsubishi_G4M\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Japanese airspace and air defence identification zone Japan Air Self-Defense Force Alongside United States F-86F F-104J F-4EJ F-15J F-2 F-35A\">\n<td>Air defence scrambles and airspace violations<span class=\"cwho\">including the Belenko landing of 1976<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">F-86F<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104J<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">F-4EJ<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 3 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>595<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Scrambling fighters against unidentified aircraft approaching Japanese airspace.<\/p>\n<p>Scramble records begin in 1958. The worst failure came on 6 September 1976, when Viktor Belenko flew a MiG-25 at low level to Hakodate: ground radar lost him and the F-4EJs scrambled from Chitose could not find him. Japan bought the E-2C in response. Since 2012 most scrambles have been against Chinese aircraft. On 13 December 2012 a Chinese government aircraft entered airspace over the Senkakus. Japan holds that there is no territorial issue there; China claims the islands as the Diaoyu Islands, and Taiwan also claims them. The Joint Staff counted a record 1,168 scrambles in FY2016 and 595 in FY2025. In the Japanese government&rsquo;s account, a Chinese military aircraft violated Japanese airspace in August 2024. A Russian Il-38 crossed into it three times north of Rebun Island on 23 September 2024, when JASDF fighters fired warning flares for the first time. A Chinese coast guard helicopter entered airspace near Uotsurijima on 3 May 2025, and Chinese carrier J-15s illuminated JASDF F-15s with radar for about 30 minutes in December 2025.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Continuing.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">All incident descriptions are the Japanese government&rsquo;s. Chinese and Russian official accounts of the 2024&ndash;2025 incidents were not found in the sources checked. Japan&rsquo;s first warning shots, reported against a Soviet aircraft over Okinawa in 1987, are UNVERIFIED and left out.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Japanese airspace and air defence identification zone<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">F-86F<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104J<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">F-4EJ<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-15-eagle\/\">F-15J<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mitsubishi-f-2\/\">F-2<\/a>, F-35A<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>595<span class=\"cwho\">Scrambles in FY2025: 595 (China 366, Russia 214). FY2024: 704 (464 and 237). Peak: 1,168 in FY2016. FY2018: 999.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No losses to hostile action. Accidents on training and alert flying are not counted here.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2026\/p20260417_03.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joint Staff<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/press\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joint Staff press release list<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/j\/press\/wp\/wp2025\/pdf\/DOJ2025_Digest_EN.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense of Japan 2025, Digest (English)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/j\/press\/wp\/wp2026\/pdf\/DOJ2026_Digest_EN.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense of Japan 2026, Digest (English)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senkaku_Islands_dispute\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Belenko\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%89%E4%BA%A1%E5%91%BD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia (Japanese)<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"Cambodia; Rwanda and Zaire Japan Air Self-Defense Force Alongside United Nations C-130H\">\n<td>UN peacekeeping and relief airlift<span class=\"cwho\">Cambodia and Rwanda<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;1994<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Transport support under the June 1992 UN Peacekeeping Cooperation Law.<\/p>\n<p>The UN Peacekeeping Cooperation Law of June 1992 allowed the Self-Defense Forces to join UN missions for the first time. The JASDF supported the UN mission in Cambodia (UNTAC) in the early 1990s and took part in the Rwanda refugee relief operation of 1994. These were logistic missions without combat.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Completed.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Flight numbers, dates and aircraft counts were not confirmed on official pages.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Cambodia; Rwanda and Zaire<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">No aircraft losses recorded in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Kuwait and Iraq Japan Air Self-Defense Force Alongside United States and Multinational Force &ndash; Iraq C-130H\">\n<td>Iraq reconstruction airlift<span class=\"cwho\">Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2004&ndash;2008<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">C-130H transport of supplies and personnel between Kuwait and Iraq.<\/p>\n<p>A JASDF advance team assessed the situation in late December 2003, and C-130H flights between Kuwait and Iraq began in March 2004 under special legislation. The mandate was extended several times. By 26 November 2008 the aircraft had carried 671.1 tonnes of supplies, and the last JASDF personnel left Kuwait on 18 December 2008.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Ended; the last JASDF personnel left Kuwait on 18 December 2008.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kuwait and Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and Multinational Force &ndash; Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Flight numbers not confirmed; 671.1 tonnes of supplies carried from March 2004 to 26 November 2008.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No losses reported in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"Afghanistan and Pakistan Japan Air Self-Defense Force Alongside United States C-2 C-130H\">\n<td>Evacuation from Kabul<span class=\"cwho\">2021 Kabul airlift<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>C-2, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Evacuation of Japanese nationals and Afghan staff after the fall of Kabul.<\/p>\n<p>A JASDF C-2 reached Kabul on 25 August 2021 but returned to Islamabad the same day because the evacuees had not reached the airport. On 27 August C-130s flew out one Japanese national, 14 Afghans at the request of the United States, and all Self-Defense Forces personnel., and Wikipedia notes that many local embassy employees who wished to leave were left behind.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> One Japanese national and 14 Afghans flown out; many local embassy staff who wished to leave were left behind.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Afghanistan and Pakistan<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>C-2, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not given.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">None.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Kabul_airlift\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kawasaki_C-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2026\/p20260417_03.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joint Staff: 2025&#24180;&#24230;&#65288;&#20196;&#21644;7&#24180;&#24230;&#65289;&#32202;&#24613;&#30330;&#36914;&#23455;&#26045;&#29366;&#27841;&#12395;&#12388;&#12356;&#12390; (17 April 2026)<\/a><span>595 scrambles in FY2025 (China 366, Russia 214), 704 in FY2024 (China 464, Russia 237); peak 1,168 in FY2016; by air defence force: Southwestern 348, Northern 165, Western 46, Central 36; 3 May 2025 Chinese coast guard helicopter airspace violation; December 2025 J-15 radar illumination of F-15s; December 2025 China-Russia bomber flight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/press\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joint Staff press release list<\/a><span>Index of scramble statistics and foreign military activity releases, 2025&ndash;2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/j\/press\/wp\/wp2026\/pdf\/DOJ2026_Digest_EN.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense of Japan 2026, Digest (English)<\/a><span>Planned reorganisation into a Japan Aerospace (Air and Space) Self-Defense Force; GIGO established December 2024 and Edgewing June 2025; FY2025 scrambles 595; December 2025 radar illumination for about 30 minutes; FY2026 spending above 9 trillion yen; Space Operations Wing at Fuchu and Hofu-kita.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/j\/press\/wp\/wp2025\/pdf\/DOJ2025_Digest_EN.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense of Japan 2025, Digest (English)<\/a><span>Chinese military aircraft airspace violation in August 2024; Russian Il-38 violated airspace north of Rebun Island three times on 23 September 2024 and the ASDF used flares as a warning for the first time; FY2024 scrambles 704 (China 464, Russia 237); first F-35B landing on JS Kaga in October 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/japan-air-self-defense-force\/\">Back to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam 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