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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Suriname<\/div>\n<h1>Suriname Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Surinaamse Luchtmacht<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Suriname Air Force (Surinaamse Luchtmacht), formed inside the National Army in 1982 after the 1980 coup, has shrunk from a mixed fleet of Defenders, PC-7s and CASAs to three Indian-built Chetak helicopters at Zorg en Hoop in Paramaribo &mdash; and those three have spent much of their life on the ground waiting for maintenance.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1982<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: NullAspect \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Suriname<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1982<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Zorg en Hoop, Paramaribo<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Marven van Huisduinen<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Suriname Air Force story: an air arm born after a coup, the interior war and three Indian helicopters<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1975&ndash;1982: independence, a coup and an air arm<\/h3>\n<p>Suriname&rsquo;s armed forces were created at independence from the Netherlands in 1975, and after the coup of 25 February 1980 they became the National Army (Nationaal Leger). The air force, the Surinaamse Luchtmacht or LUMA, was formed within it in 1982, according to the Wikipedia account, which is the fullest public history of the service; the Defence Ministry publishes none. It began badly. Its first aircraft, a Hughes 500D helicopter, crashed in March 1982 and all five people aboard were killed. Lieutenant Eddie Djoe became the first commander in 1983 and held the post until 1989. From the start the Luchtmacht was a utility service for border patrol, transport and search and rescue over a country that is mostly rainforest, with its base at Zorg en Hoop, the small airfield inside Paramaribo where Surinamese aviation itself had begun in 1952.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The 1980s: Defenders, Alouettes, PC-7s and the interior war<\/h3>\n<p>Through the 1980s the service bought a mixed collection. Four Pilatus Britten-Norman BN-2B Defenders came in 1982; two Alouette III helicopters from the Portuguese Air Force followed in 1986, the year three Pilatus PC-7s were ordered for counter-insurgency. That was the year the interior war began: from 22 July 1986 the National Army, led by D&#233;si Bouterse, fought the Jungle Commando of Ronnie Brunswijk, and the conflict did not formally end until 8 August 1992. Wikipedia records that the PC-7s were ordered for that role, but the sources consulted do not describe what the Luchtmacht actually flew in the war, and no air action is claimed here. A Bell 205 bought from Venezuela in 1987 crashed that July, killing its American pilot, Billy Pearson.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1990s&ndash;2014: CASAs, then a slow sell-off<\/h3>\n<p>After the war the Luchtmacht shrank to what the budget could carry. Cessna 172 and 206 light aircraft arrived in the late 1980s and a Cessna T303 Crusader in 1993. The most capable fixed-wing aircraft it ever had, two CASA C-212 Aviocar turboprop transports, were delivered in 1999. Maintenance proved too expensive. In 2012 two aircraft were sold to Fayard Enterprises, and in 2014 the whole remaining inventory of six aeroplanes was put up for sale. Wikipedia&rsquo;s current inventory lists no fixed-wing aircraft at all, and none of the reporting found for 2015-2026 mentions one in service. That leaves the military&rsquo;s air mobility resting on its helicopters.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">India&rsquo;s Chetaks: the helicopters that define the service<\/h3>\n<p>Those helicopters came from India. In 2009 Suriname ordered three HAL Chetaks, the Indian licence-built Alouette III, on an Indian line of credit; Wikipedia gives the price as about US$13.4 million and the Suriname Herald, reporting the handover, as US$16 million. Eight pilots spent a year training in India. The aircraft were delivered in January 2015 and formally handed over at Zorg en Hoop on 13 March 2015 by the Defence Minister, Lamur&#233; Latour, in the presence of India&rsquo;s ambassador, Subashini Murugusan; they were assigned to Paramaribo, Nickerie and Albina. The minister spoke of better times ahead and of weapons being fitted, and called the deal the start of a modernisation that would include aircraft. No such aircraft purchase has been reported since.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2015&ndash;2026: grounded, repaired, grounded again<\/h3>\n<p>The Chetaks have spent long periods on the ground. By February 2022 they had been grounded for more than a year: a maintenance contract signed with Hindustan Aeronautics in 2019 had been held up when COVID-19 kept Indian technicians away, and their return to service, after a second major overhaul, was celebrated by Defence Minister Krishna Mathoera. By late 2025 they were down again. On his first visit to the Luchtmacht in December 2025, Defence Minister Uraiqit Ramsaran said the first payments had been made to HAL, maintenance had begun and the three helicopters should fly again in 2026 if all went to plan. Whether they had done so by October 2026 was not confirmed in the sources checked. The Luchtmacht has no combat aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Through the 1980s the service bought a mixed collection. Four Pilatus Britten-Norman BN-2B Defenders came in 1982; two Alouette III helicopters from the Portuguese Air Force followed in 1986, the year three Pilatus PC-7s were ordered for counter-insurgency.<cite>Suriname Air Force &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Suriname Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Surinaamse Luchtmacht<span class=\"gnote\">Dutch, the official language; the press uses the abbreviation LUMA<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1982<span class=\"gnote\">As a division of the National Army formed after the coup of 25 February 1980; no exact date published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>National Army (Nationaal Leger)<span class=\"gnote\">Under the Ministry of Defence<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Lt Col Marven van Huisduinen (from 2019)<span class=\"gnote\">Confirmed in post in November 2023, when he was also acting commander of the National Army; no later appointment found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Main base<\/dt>\n<dd>Zorg en Hoop, Paramaribo<span class=\"gnote\">Where the Chetaks were handed over in 2015 and returned to service in 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Border dispute<\/dt>\n<dd>Tigri area (New River Triangle), administered by Guyana<span class=\"gnote\">Suriname claims the area; Guyanese forces removed a Surinamese camp and airstrip there on 19 August 1969, before Surinamese independence, and in November 1970 both governments agreed to withdraw forces. Suriname&rsquo;s position is that Guyana has not kept that agreement<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>None<span class=\"gnote\">Three PC-7s were ordered in 1986 for counter-insurgency; none remains<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>HAL Chetak &mdash; 3 (in maintenance, December 2025)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Delivered January 2015; maintenance with HAL restarted in December 2025, with a return to service expected in 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fixed-wing aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>None confirmed<span class=\"gnote\">Two aircraft were sold in 2012 and the remaining six put up for sale in 2014; Wikipedia lists no fixed-wing aircraft in service<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopter cost<\/dt>\n<dd>US$13.4&ndash;16 million<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia gives about US$13.4 million for the three Chetaks; the Suriname Herald gave US$16 million at the handover. The difference may reflect training and support, but no source says so<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Pilots trained in India<\/dt>\n<dd>8<span class=\"gnote\">One year of training in India before delivery<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air base<\/dt>\n<dd>Zorg en Hoop (SMZO)<span class=\"gnote\">Short single runway inside Paramaribo; Wikipedia also lists Johan Adolf Pengel International, Nickerie (Major Henk Fernandes), Albina and Moengo as airfields used<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopter detachments<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Paramaribo<\/li>\n<li>Nickerie<\/li>\n<li>Albina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Where the three Chetaks were assigned on delivery in 2015<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Suriname Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">A division of the National Army, formed in 1982 and commanded by a lieutenant colonel from Zorg en Hoop in Paramaribo, with no published squadrons. <span class=\"imp\">Its whole fleet is three Indian-built HAL Chetak helicopters delivered in 2015, all of them in maintenance in December 2025; no fixed-wing aircraft has been confirmed in service since the last were offered for sale in 2014.<\/span> The Defence Minister said in December 2025 that the helicopters should fly again in 2026; that had not been confirmed by 1 October 2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">MV<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Lieutenant Colonel (luitenant-kolonel)<\/span><b>Marven van Huisduinen<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Air Force (commandant van de Luchtmacht) &middot; in office since 2019<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Suriname Air Force<\/span><em>Surinaamse Luchtmacht<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Suriname Air Force<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Surinaamse Luchtmacht<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Zorg en Hoop, Paramaribo<\/div>\n<p>A division of the National Army, formed in 1982 after the coup of 25 February 1980, under the Ministry of Defence. Lt Col Marven van Huisduinen took command in March 2019 according to Wikipedia and was confirmed in post in November 2023; no later appointment was found, so his tenure in 2026 is not confirmed. The Defence Minister since 2025 is Uraiqit Ramsaran. No squadrons are published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Helicopter element<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Zorg en Hoop<\/div>\n<p>Three HAL Chetaks, the Indian licence-built Alouette III, delivered in January 2015 and handed over at Zorg en Hoop on 13 March 2015, then assigned to Paramaribo, Nickerie and Albina. Grounded for more than a year before February 2022 and in maintenance with HAL again in December 2025; the minister expected them to fly in 2026, which was not confirmed by 1 October 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Fixed-wing<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Fixed-wing element (former)<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Zorg en Hoop<\/div>\n<p>Defenders from 1982, three PC-7s ordered in 1986 for counter-insurgency, Cessnas and two CASA C-212s of 1999. Two aircraft were sold in 2012 and the remaining six offered for sale in 2014; Wikipedia lists no fixed-wing aircraft in service, and none is confirmed today.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Suriname Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) Chetak<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility, search and rescue helicopter<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three delivered; all three were in maintenance in December 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Chetak<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">3<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Suriname Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">9 types, from the Hughes 500D (Model 369D) to the Bell 205 Iroquois. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell 205 Iroquois<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1987&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1&ndash;2. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Wikipedia says a Bell 205 bought from Venezuela in 1987 crashed that July, and also that a Bell 205 was sold to the United States Air Force in 1991; whether these were one aircraft or two is unclear.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hughes 500D (Model 369D)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1982&ndash;1982<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>The service&rsquo;s first aircraft; crashed in March 1982, killing all five aboard.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Pilatus Britten-Norman BN-2B Defender<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Patrol and transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1982&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four acquired in 1982. Retirement date not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA 316B Alouette III<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1986&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>HAL Chetak<\/td>\n<td>Two obtained from the Portuguese Air Force in 1986.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\" class=\"was\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Trainer and counter-insurgency<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1986&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three ordered in 1986 for counter-insurgency, according to Wikipedia; their use in the interior war is not described in the sources checked.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 172 Skyhawk<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison and training<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Acquired in the late 1980s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 206<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Acquired in the late 1980s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna T303 Crusader<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1993&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Acquired in 1993.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASA C-212 Aviocar<\/td>\n<td>Transport and patrol<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1999&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two delivered in 1999. In 2012 two aircraft were sold to Fayard Enterprises and in 2014 the remaining six aeroplanes were offered for sale; which types went when is not stated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Suriname Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases; the one airfield listed has not closed. <span class=\"imp\">Zorg en Hoop, the small airfield inside Paramaribo where Surinamese aviation began in 1952, is the Air Force&rsquo;s home, shared with civil operators flying to the interior&rsquo;s airstrips.<\/span> Wikipedia also lists Johan Adolf Pengel International, Nickerie, Albina and Moengo as airfields used; they are not mapped here. Coordinates are from Wikipedia, as the Surinamese AIP could not be reached, and no runway is listed until it can be checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, district, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, district, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-zorg-en-hoop\" data-base=\"zorg-en-hoop\" data-x=\"active active Suriname Air Force (Surinaamse Luchtmacht), National Army ORG\">\n<td>Zorg en Hoop<span>Paramaribo District<\/span><\/td>\n<td>SMZO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Suriname Air Force helicopter element<\/span>: <span>HAL Chetak<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Suriname Air Force fixed-wing element<\/span>: <span>BN-2B Defender, CASA C-212 Aviocar, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\">Pilatus PC-7<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Suriname Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">No squadrons are published, so the Suriname Air Force is listed as a helicopter element at Zorg en Hoop, with its three Chetaks, and a former fixed-wing element that flew Defenders, PC-7s and CASA C-212s.<\/span> The fixed-wing element&rsquo;s end year, 2014, is that of the sale offer, not a confirmed last flight.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Paramaribo District active Suriname Air Force (Surinaamse Luchtmacht), National Army\">\n<div><span>Zorg en Hoop &middot; SMZO<\/span><em>Suriname Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Suriname Air Force helicopter element<small>Helicopter unit &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>HAL Chetak<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Suriname Air Force fixed-wing element<small>1982&ndash;2014<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">BN-2B Defender, CASA C-212 Aviocar, Pilatus PC-7<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Suriname Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>October: Zorg en Hoop airfield in Paramaribo is put into use by Suriname&rsquo;s first air company.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>19 August: before Surinamese independence, Guyanese forces remove a Surinamese camp and airstrip in the disputed Tigri area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>Independence from the Netherlands; the Surinamese armed forces are created.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>25 February: a military coup; the armed forces become the National Army.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>The Suriname Air Force is formed. March: its first aircraft, a Hughes 500D, crashes, killing five. Four BN-2B Defenders follow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1983<\/div>\n<p>Lieutenant Eddie Djoe becomes the first commander (to 1989).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1986<\/div>\n<p>Two Alouette IIIs arrive from Portugal and three PC-7s are ordered. 22 July: the interior war begins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1987<\/div>\n<p>A Bell 205 is bought from Venezuela; it crashes in July, killing the pilot Billy Pearson.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1992<\/div>\n<p>8 August: a peace agreement formally ends the interior war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>A Cessna T303 Crusader is acquired.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Two CASA C-212 Aviocars are delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2009<\/div>\n<p>Three HAL Chetak helicopters are ordered from India on an Indian line of credit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2012<\/div>\n<p>Two aircraft are sold to Fayard Enterprises; mechanics train in India.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>The remaining six aeroplanes are put up for sale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>January: the Chetaks are delivered; 13 March: formal handover at Zorg en Hoop.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>March: Lt Col Marven van Huisduinen takes command; a maintenance contract is signed with HAL.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>February: the Chetaks return to service after more than a year grounded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>December: maintenance of the grounded Chetaks begins after first payments to HAL.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>The Suriname Air Force and the interior war<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1986<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The interior war<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1986&ndash;1992<\/span> Wikipedia records that three PC-7s were ordered in 1986 for counter-insurgency and that the service flew counter-insurgency, transport and patrol missions from the mid-1980s; no specific air action is documented in the sources checked<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/suriname-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Suriname Air Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hal\/\">HAL<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\" class=\"was\">Cessna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\" class=\"was\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\" class=\"was\">Bell<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/britten-norman\/\" class=\"was\">Britten-Norman<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/casa\/\" class=\"was\">CASA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hughes\/\" class=\"was\">Hughes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/pilatus\/\" class=\"was\">Pilatus<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Suriname Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Suriname Air Force called in Dutch?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Surinaamse Luchtmacht, often shortened to LUMA in the Surinamese press. Dutch is Suriname&rsquo;s official language. The English name follows the current English Wikipedia article title, Suriname Air Force; the Ministry of Defence publishes no English-language page for the service.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When was the Suriname Air Force founded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">In 1982, as a division of the National Army that the military had formed after the coup of 25 February 1980. Its first aircraft, a Hughes 500D helicopter, crashed in March 1982, killing all five aboard. Lieutenant Eddie Djoe was its first commander, from 1983 to 1989.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Suriname Air Force fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Three HAL Chetak helicopters from India, delivered in 2015. No fixed-wing aircraft is confirmed in service: the remaining aeroplanes were put up for sale in 2014. In December 2025 the three Chetaks were undergoing maintenance by Hindustan Aeronautics, with a return to service expected in 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Suriname have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The closest it came were three Pilatus PC-7 turboprops ordered in 1986 for counter-insurgency during the interior war, and they are long gone. Today the service is a small helicopter unit.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Suriname buy helicopters from India?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Chetaks were ordered in 2009 on an Indian line of credit, which made the deal affordable for a small budget. They were handed over at Zorg en Hoop on 13 March 2015 in the presence of India&rsquo;s ambassador; the price is given as about US$13.4 million by Wikipedia and US$16 million by the Suriname Herald.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why are Suriname&rsquo;s helicopters so often grounded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Maintenance depends on Hindustan Aeronautics and on money. A contract signed in 2019 was delayed by COVID-19, leaving the helicopters on the ground for more than a year until February 2022. They were grounded again in 2025; in December 2025 the defence minister said first payments had been made and work had started.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is the Suriname Air Force based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At Zorg en Hoop, the small airfield in Paramaribo where Surinamese civil aviation began in 1952. When the Chetaks were delivered they were assigned to Paramaribo, Nickerie and Albina.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the Suriname Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Lieutenant Colonel Marven van Huisduinen took command in March 2019 and was still commander in November 2023, when he was also acting head of the National Army. No later change of command was found in the sources checked.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Suriname Air Force called in Dutch?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Surinaamse Luchtmacht, often shortened to LUMA in the Surinamese press. Dutch is Suriname\\u2019s official language. 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They were handed over at Zorg en Hoop on 13 March 2015 in the presence of India\\u2019s ambassador; the price is given as about US$13.4 million by Wikipedia and US$16 million by the Suriname Herald.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why are Suriname\\u2019s helicopters so often grounded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Maintenance depends on Hindustan Aeronautics and on money. A contract signed in 2019 was delayed by COVID-19, leaving the helicopters on the ground for more than a year until February 2022. They were grounded again in 2025; in December 2025 the defence minister said first payments had been made and work had started.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is the Suriname Air Force based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At Zorg en Hoop, the small airfield in Paramaribo where Surinamese civil aviation began in 1952. When the Chetaks were delivered they were assigned to Paramaribo, Nickerie and Albina.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the Suriname Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Lieutenant Colonel Marven van Huisduinen took command in March 2019 and was still commander in November 2023, when he was also acting head of the National Army. No later change of command was found in the sources checked.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Suriname Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pc-7-turbo-trainer\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Pilatus PC-7<span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><\/b><em>1986&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.srherald.com\/suriname\/2015\/03\/14\/chetak-helikopters-voor-de-luchtmacht-in-gebruik-genomen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Suriname Herald: Chetak-helikopters voor de luchtmacht in gebruik genomen (14 March 2015)<\/a><span>Handover on 13 March 2015 at Zorg en Hoop; Defence Minister Lamur&#233; Latour and Indian ambassador Subashini Murugusan; US$16 million; deal begun in 2009; eight pilots trained in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.srherald.com\/suriname\/2022\/02\/16\/luchtmacht-weer-operationeel-met-eigen-helikopters\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Suriname Herald: Luchtmacht weer operationeel met eigen helikopters (16 February 2022)<\/a><span>Three Chetaks back in service at Zorg en Hoop after more than a year grounded; HAL maintenance contract of 2019 delayed by COVID-19; Defence Minister Krishna Mathoera.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.srherald.com\/suriname\/2023\/11\/30\/suriname-en-frans-guyana-verlengen-legersamenwerking\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Suriname Herald: Suriname en Frans-Guyana verlengen legersamenwerking (30 November 2023)<\/a><span>Lt Col Marven van Huisduinen, acting commander of the National Army and commander of the Air Force, signed a military cooperation agreement with French Guiana.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.srherald.com\/suriname\/2025\/12\/28\/minister-ramsaran-onderhoud-chetak-helikopters-gestart-inzetbaarheid-volgt\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Suriname Herald: Minister Ramsaran: &quot;Onderhoud Chetak-helikopters gestart, inzetbaarheid volgt&quot; (28 December 2025)<\/a><span>Defence Minister Uraiqit Ramsaran on his first working visit to the Air Force (LUMA): maintenance of the three Chetaks started after first payments to HAL; return to service expected in 2026 if all goes to plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: NullAspect \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Jerry Gunner \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Bob Adams from George, South Africa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Md Shaifuzzaman \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Arpingstone \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Christian Jansky (User:Tschaensky) \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.5)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-hero-suriname-air-force.jpg)!important}#mfam 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