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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/\">Display teams<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Snowbirds<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Canadian Forces Snowbirds &middot; 431 Air Demonstration Squadron &middot; 431e Escadron de d&#233;monstration a&#233;rienne<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Canada&rsquo;s nine-ship formation team has flown the same Canadair CT-114 Tutor jet since 1971; the 2026 season is the Tutor&rsquo;s last before a pause until the CT-157 Siskin II arrives.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1971<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>CT-114<\/b><span>Aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>In the display<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Letartean \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Canada<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Type<\/b>Formation aerobatic team<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Home base<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/moose-jaw\/\">15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/a><\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Snowbirds: how the team came to be and what it flies today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Moose Jaw and the Golden Centennaires&rsquo; leftovers<\/h3>\n<p>The Snowbirds grew out of CFB Moose Jaw in Saskatchewan, where the base commander, Colonel O.B. Philp, a former leader of the Golden Centennaires, pushed from 1969 for a new demonstration team using Tutors left over from that 1967 centennial team. The name came from a contest at a local elementary school and was adopted in June 1971; the first show under it was flown at the Moose Jaw Homecoming &rsquo;71 air show on 11 July 1971. The team stood in a tradition of Canadian military display flying going back to the RCAF Siskins of 1929 and the Golden Hawks.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">One aircraft for 55 years<\/h3>\n<p>Unusually among the major teams, the Snowbirds have never changed aircraft. The Canadair CT-114 Tutor, a side-by-side jet trainer that first flew in 1960 and entered RCAF service in 1963, served as the primary jet trainer until 2000 and has been kept on purely for the team ever since. The unit was given squadron status on 1 April 1978 as <span class=\"imp\">431 Air Demonstration Squadron<\/span>, reviving the number of a Second World War bomber squadron. The team operates eleven Tutors, nine in the display and two spares.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A nine-ship show, close to the crowd<\/h3>\n<p>The display is built around a nine-aircraft formation flown close to the crowd line, with formation changes, opposing solo passes and large set pieces; red smoke was added to the routine for major shows from 1990. The team flew its 1,000th official show at CFB Edmonton on 20 May 1990, performed in the United States from its first season (Arizona, November 1971) and toured Mexico in 1993. The RCAF Association credits it with close to 2,900 official shows by 2026.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Losses and the Tutor&rsquo;s age<\/h3>\n<p>The team has paid a heavy price for close formation in a light, ageing jet. Military investigations have attributed fatal accidents to midair collisions (1972, 1989, 1998, 2004), a stabiliser failure (1978), a harness malfunction (2007) and pilot error (2008). On 17 May 2020, during the Operation Inspiration tour, a Tutor ingested a bird on take-off at Kamloops; Captain Jennifer Casey was killed and the pilot was injured, and the investigation also examined the ejection seat sequence. An October 2019 crash near Atlanta was traced to a fuel delivery failure.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The 2026 farewell<\/h3>\n<p>On 19 May 2026 Defence Minister David McGuinty announced that the 55th anniversary season would be the team&rsquo;s last on the Tutor and that the Snowbirds would be grounded afterwards, with the Tutor retiring in 2027 because of engine and escape-system engineering concerns. The team name is to be kept, and a new display team on the CT-157 Siskin II, the Pilatus PC-21 turboprop being bought for RCAF pilot training, is expected in the early 2030s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Unusually among the major teams, the Snowbirds have never changed aircraft. The Canadair CT-114 Tutor, a side-by-side jet trainer that first flew in 1960 and entered RCAF service in 1963, served as the primary jet trainer until 2000 and has been kept on purely for the team ever since.<cite>Snowbirds &middot; verified 2026-10-02<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Snowbirds in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The team<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Formation<\/dt>\n<dd>9 aircraft<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Nine Tutors in the display, two spares<\/li>\n<li>Eleven Tutors on strength<\/li>\n<li>About 80 full-time personnel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The aircraft<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Flown<\/dt>\n<dd>Canadair CT-114 Tutor<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CT-114 Tutor (1971&ndash;2026)<\/li>\n<li>CT-157 Siskin II planned (early 2030s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Home<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Based at<\/dt>\n<dd>15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>431 Air Demonstration Squadron<\/li>\n<li>Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The display<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft in the display<\/dt>\n<dd>9<\/dd>\n<dt>Livery<\/dt>\n<dd>red and white<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every type Snowbirds has flown<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Number<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CT-114 Tutor<\/td>\n<td>since 1971<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>Nine in the display plus two spares; final season 2026, retirement 2027.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pilatus CT-157 Siskin II<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Announced replacement (PC-21); team expected to re-form in the early 2030s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"known\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Known for<\/div>\n<h2>What Snowbirds is known for<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>First show under the Snowbirds name at Moose Jaw on 11 July 1971 (Wikipedia).<\/li>\n<li>1,000th official air show flown at CFB Edmonton on 20 May 1990 (Wikipedia).<\/li>\n<li>First coloured smoke used at the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics, in the Olympic ring colours (Wikipedia).<\/li>\n<li>Toured Mexico in 1993 (Wikipedia; RCAF Association).<\/li>\n<li>Credited with close to 2,900 official shows and an audience of more than 150 million by 2026 (RCAF Association).<\/li>\n<li>2026 named the 55th anniversary and final Tutor season (Department of National Defence announcement, 19 May 2026).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Snowbirds, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>Colonel O.B. Philp, commander of CFB Moose Jaw, begins forming a demonstration team with ex-Golden Centennaires Tutors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>The name Snowbirds is formally adopted after a school naming contest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>First show as the Snowbirds at the Moose Jaw Homecoming &rsquo;71 air show.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>First performance outside Canada, in Arizona.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>Team becomes 431 Air Demonstration Squadron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>Coloured smoke flown for the Calgary Winter Olympics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>Midair collision at the Canadian International Air Show, Toronto; Captain Shane Antaya killed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>1,000th official show at CFB Edmonton.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>Tour of Mexico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Squadron presented with its colour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>Tutor crashes near the Atlanta Air Show; pilot ejects with a broken ankle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>Kamloops crash during Operation Inspiration; Captain Jennifer Casey killed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>Minister of National Defence announces 2026 as the final Tutor season and a grounding until new aircraft arrive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>55th anniversary and farewell season on the Tutor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"accidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Accidents<\/div>\n<h2>The cost of flying this close<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Display flying is among the most demanding flying there is. These are the accidents on record, with the findings as published.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1972<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Wingtip collision during an opposing solo manoeuvre at CFB Trenton; Captain Lloyd Waterer killed. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Horizontal stabiliser failure at Grande Prairie made the aircraft uncontrollable; Captain Gordon de Jong killed, ejection unsuccessful. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Midair collision during the Canadian International Air Show, Toronto; Captain Shane Antaya killed when his aircraft went into Lake Ontario, the team commander ejected safely. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Midair collision in training near Moose Jaw; Captain Michael VandenBos killed. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Midair collision practising a co-loop near Mossbank, Saskatchewan; Captain Miles Selby killed, Captain Chuck Mallett ejected with minor injuries. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Crash during practice near Great Falls, Montana, attributed to a restraint strap malfunction; Captain Shawn McCaughey killed. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Crash near Moose Jaw attributed to pilot error; Captain Bryan Mitchell and military photographer Sergeant Charles Senecal killed. <span class=\"imp\">2 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor.<\/b> Snowbird 5 crashed in a field near Atlanta Motor Speedway, Georgia, on approach to the Atlanta Air Show; Captain Kevin Domon-Grenier ejected with a broken ankle. Investigators reported a fuel delivery failure. <span class=\"imp\">No fatalities.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p><b>CT-114 Tutor (Snowbird 11).<\/b> Bird ingested on take-off at Kamloops caused a compressor stall and loss of thrust; the aircraft stalled turning back. Both occupants ejected at low altitude: Captain Jennifer Casey was killed and Captain Richard MacDougall injured. <span class=\"imp\">1 killed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Snowbirds<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What aircraft do the Snowbirds fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Canadair CT-114 Tutor, a 1960s jet trainer, which the team has flown since 1971. The 2026 season is its last; the Pilatus PC-21, designated CT-157 Siskin II, is the planned successor.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are the Snowbirds based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At 15 Wing Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, as 431 Air Demonstration Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many aircraft are in the Snowbirds?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Nine fly in the display and two are kept as spares, for eleven Tutors in all.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are the Snowbirds being grounded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. On 19 May 2026 the Canadian government announced that the team will be grounded after the 2026 season and return on new aircraft in the early 2030s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When were the Snowbirds founded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The team flew its first show under the Snowbirds name on 11 July 1971 at Moose Jaw and became a squadron on 1 April 1978.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft do the Snowbirds fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Canadair CT-114 Tutor, a 1960s jet trainer, which the team has flown since 1971. The 2026 season is its last; the Pilatus PC-21, designated CT-157 Siskin II, is the planned successor.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are the Snowbirds based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At 15 Wing Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, as 431 Air Demonstration Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many aircraft are in the Snowbirds?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Nine fly in the display and two are kept as spares, for eleven Tutors in all.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are the Snowbirds being grounded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. On 19 May 2026 the Canadian government announced that the team will be grounded after the 2026 season and return on new aircraft in the early 2030s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When were the Snowbirds founded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The team flew its first show under the Snowbirds name on 11 July 1971 at Moose Jaw and became a squadron on 1 April 1978.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Snowbirds<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies the team.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Royal Canadian Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/moose-jaw\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Home base<\/span><span class=\"rh\">15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The units, runways and history of the airfield the team flies from.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the base page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/cf-18-demo-team\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Solo display<\/span><span class=\"rh\">CF-18 Demonstration Team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The RCAF&rsquo;s solo Hornet display, known for a new commemorative paint scheme every year, stood down after 2024 as the air force shifted people to the CF-35A&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the CF-18 Demonstration Team page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Display teams<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Every military display team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">All the formation, solo and helicopter teams in the Order of Battle, active and disbanded.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snowbirds_(aerobatic_team)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Snowbirds (aerobatic team), Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsairshow.com\/headlines\/2026\/5\/19\/canadian-forces-snowbirds-to-be-grounded-indefinitely-following-2026-season\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Forces Snowbirds to be grounded indefinitely following 2026 season, Airshow News<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/snowbirds-the-iconic-name-remains-but-tutor-jets-to-be-replaced-by-turboprops\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Snowbirds set for final season flying Tutor jet before turboprop era begins, Skies Magazine<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/2021\/03\/flight-safety-investigation-report-for-kamloops-snowbirds-accident.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report for Kamloops Snowbirds accident, Department of National Defence<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsairshow.com\/headlines\/2019\/10\/13\/canadian-snowbird-crashes-near-atlanta-air-show-pilot-ejects-with-minor-injuries\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Snowbird crashes near Atlanta Air Show, Airshow News<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.rcafassociation.ca\/431-ad-squadron-the-snowbirds-55-years-of-excellence\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">431 (AD) Squadron: The Snowbirds, 55 years of excellence, RCAF Association<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-02.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w24-hero-team-snowbirds.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" 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