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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:220px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy 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.satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\">French Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">[&#8216;Base a&#233;rienne 125 &ldquo;Sous-Lieutenant Monier&rdquo;&#8217;]<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (air-to-air refuelling, flight test and nuclear deterrence; the longest runway in France)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LFMI<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3,750 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1917<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">US Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>D&#233;partement<\/b>Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>25 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>43.5244 N, 4.9236 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Istres is the largest air base in France by area and has the longest runway in Europe: 5,000 metres of asphalt, originally 3,750 metres with a 1,200-metre overrun added for the Mirage IV, and designated for decades as a contingency landing site for the American Space Shuttle. Flying began here in 1917 and the field has been a test centre almost ever since; the DGA flight test establishment, the French test pilot school EPNER, and trials work for Dassault, Safran and Thales all share the ramp with the operational squadrons.<\/p>\n<p>The operational role is tankers. The 31e escadre flies the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix, the largest fleet of its type in Europe, and its senior squadron, the Bretagne, has held the tanker mission for the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques since 1964. Without those aircraft the deterrent does not reach its targets, which is why the United States sold France C-135Fs in 1964 while refusing it almost everything else. The last of those C-135s left Istres on 15 December 2023 after nearly sixty years.<\/p>\n<p>The base was taken by the Germans in 1942, seized by the Allies during Operation Dragoon in August 1944, used as USAAF Station 196, and returned to France in October 1945. It now employs more than 5,000 people, civil and military, and is the airfield from which most French long-range deployments actually depart.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 3,750 m of concrete.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.86606,43.50503,4.98114,43.54377\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.86950,43.49825,4.97770,43.55055\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.89689,43.50503,4.95031,43.54377\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Ce jour cl&#244;t &#224; jamais un chapitre de l&rsquo;Histoire de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace, celui consacr&#233; &#224; ses premiers avions de ravitaillement en vol. Il cl&#244;t &#233;galement un chapitre pour toutes celles et ceux qui ont servi au sein des escadrons de ravitaillement en vol ou des unit&#233;s de maintenance et tout particuli&#232;rement les officiers navigateurs dont la sp&#233;cialit&#233; s&rsquo;&#233;teint avec ce retrait.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Colonel Anne-Laure Michel<\/b><span>Commandant de la base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/actualites\/istres-base-rend-dernier-hommage-aux-c-135-fr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es, ceremony for the departure of the last C-135FR, Istres, 15 December 2023<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>On est de plus en plus un &ldquo;Hub de l&rsquo;&#201;tat&rdquo;. On &#233;vacue des gens choqu&#233;s, on projette de l&rsquo;aide humanitaire, souvent au milieu de la nuit. C&rsquo;est une emprise strat&#233;gique pour la Nation. [&#8230;] Ici, on ne tol&#232;re pas l&rsquo;&#224;-peu-pr&#232;s, on ne tol&#232;re pas l&rsquo;approximation.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Colonel S&#233;bastien Est&#232;ve<\/b><span>Outgoing commander of Base a&#233;rienne 125, 2024&ndash;2026<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/maritima.fr\/actualites\/defense\/istres\/15175\/ba-125-distres-une-base-hors-norme-le-general-yann-malard-prend-les-commandes-sous-les-yeux-de-thomas-pesquet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maritima, change-of-command ceremony at BA 125 Istres, 27 August 2026<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LFMI<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>D&#233;partement<\/dt>\n<dd>Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>43.5244 N, 4.9236 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>25 m <span class=\"imp\">(82 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>15\/33<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>3,750 m <span class=\"imp\">(12,303 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Concrete<\/dd>\n<dt>Cavern hangars<\/dt>\n<dd>No<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Tanker alert for the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques; the base supports the permanent nuclear posture<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">air-to-air refuelling, flight test and nuclear deterrence; the longest runway in France<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>French Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1917<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>5 current, 1 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Current<\/span><em>5 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat&#233;giques 1\/31 Bretagne<small>Bretagne &middot; Air refuelling and strategic transport squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1996<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix<\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat&#233;giques 2\/31 Est&#233;rel<small>Est&#233;rel &middot; Air refuelling and strategic transport squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2023<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix<\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de transformation Ph&#233;nix 3\/31 Landes<small>Landes &middot; A330 MRTT conversion squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2020<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix<\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;cole du personnel navigant d&rsquo;essais et de r&#233;ception<small>EPNER &middot; Test pilot school &middot; active &middot; from 1946<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Various trials aircraft<\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de d&#233;fense sol-air 01.950 Crau<small>Ground-based air defence squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Former<\/span><em>1 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/31 Sologne<small>2019&ndash;2025 &middot; Created 4 October 2019, stood down 30 June 2025 when the last KC-135RG left Istres.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">C-135FR Stratotanker<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p>Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix, C-135FR Stratotanker, Various trials aircraft<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The longest runway in France<\/h3>\n<p>The published military aerodrome chart for LFMI gives runway 15\/33 as 3,750 metres of paved surface, 53 metres wide. What turns that into the famous five kilometres is the stopway off the 33 end: 1,208 metres built to the same standard as the runway itself, added in 1992 for Airbus Industrie. Laid end to end it is a continuous strip of just under 5,000 metres, the longest in France and among the longest in Europe &mdash; which is why the aircraft nobody else wants to land come here.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">3,750 metres of declared runway plus a 1,208-metre stopway, at 82 feet above the sea.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A landing site for the Space Shuttle<\/h3>\n<p>From 2001 until the orbiter fleet retired, Istres was one of a handful of airfields outside the United States equipped and certified to take a Space Shuttle in a Transatlantic Abort Landing &mdash; the abort flown if main engines failed after the vehicle had committed to the Atlantic crossing. Guidance equipment stayed installed permanently and NASA teams deployed to the base roughly eight days before each launch. A Franco-American agreement covering the arrangement was signed in Washington on 7 June 2005.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">NASA crews arrived about eight days before every launch; the abort was never once flown.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Every French tanker lives here<\/h3>\n<p>The 31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques (strategic air refuelling and transport wing) holds the whole French tanker force on one base: the Bretagne, the Est&#233;rel and the Ph&#233;nix conversion squadron Landes, flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix. Twelve were delivered by September 2023, a thirteenth in June 2025, and the A330-200 airliners bought in 2020 and 2022 are being converted to make fifteen by 2028 &mdash; the largest fleet of the type anywhere.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Twelve Ph&#233;nix delivered by 20 September 2023; fifteen planned by 2028.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>The biggest air base in France<\/h3>\n<p>Istres is not merely long, it is vast. The Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace (French Air and Space Force) describes it as its largest base and as &ldquo;hors norme&rdquo; &mdash; out of the ordinary &mdash; because of what shares the fence line: operational tanker squadrons, a state flight-test centre, a test pilot school, industrial trials for Dassault, Safran and Thales, a ground-based air defence squadron, an air engineer regiment, and the passenger and freight hub through which French expeditionary operations now depart.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">2,500 hectares, about 500 buildings, some sixty separate entities and 5,000 people.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Where French aeroplanes are proved<\/h3>\n<p>DGA Essais en vol &mdash; the Direction g&#233;n&#233;rale de l&rsquo;armement&rsquo;s flight test centre, known as the Centre d&rsquo;essais en vol until the end of 2009 &mdash; works from Istres and Cazaux. It qualifies military aircraft and weapons for the French state and takes part in certifying civil ones. Alongside it sits EPNER, the &#201;cole du personnel navigant d&rsquo;essais et de r&#233;ception (test pilot and flight test engineer school), founded in 1946 and at Istres since 1962.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Close to 900 staff across two sites; more than 4,000 test flights and 6,500 flight hours in 2023.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Named after a man killed on the field<\/h3>\n<p>The base&rsquo;s name of tradition is &ldquo;Sous-Lieutenant Monier&rdquo;. Charles Monier flew Hurricanes in the Western Desert, Spitfires with the &#206;le-de-France squadron and Yak-9s with the Normandie-Ni&#233;men in Russia, where he was shot down and walked back. He became a test pilot, joined Marcel Dassault&rsquo;s company in 1949, and was killed at Istres on 3 March 1953 when a jettisoned wing tank struck the tail of the Myst&#232;re II prototype he was flying.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">He had flown 91 different aircraft types and 1,696 hours when he died, aged 33.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>Five thousand metres, and what that number actually is<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Everything written about Istres starts with the runway, and most of it is written slightly wrong. The published chart for LFMI is unambiguous: one runway, 15\/33, true bearings 151 and 331, 3,750 metres long and 53 metres wide, aerodrome elevation 82 feet &mdash; about 25 metres. Threshold 15 sits at 77 feet and threshold 33 at 62 feet. That is the runway a crew declares and calculates against.<\/p>\n<p>The five-kilometre figure comes from what is beyond it. Off the 33 end there is a stopway of 1,208 metres by 59 metres, built to the same construction standard as the runway itself and marked out over 600 metres of its length; the 15 end has a shorter one of 114 metres. Add the paved lengths together and the strip runs to just under 5,000 metres without a break, which is why France calls this the longest runway in the country and Europe struggles to beat it. The nuance matters: this is not five kilometres of declared landing distance, it is 3,750 metres of it with an enormous amount of concrete to spare.<\/p>\n<p>The 1,200-metre extension went in during 1992, paid for by Airbus Industrie. Toulouse needed somewhere to mistreat very large aeroplanes a long way from a suburb, and Istres, sitting on the empty steppe of the Crau with the mistral blowing down it, was the obvious answer. The Airbus A380 certification campaign came here for, among other things, the &ldquo;tests piscines&rdquo; &mdash; landings on a runway artificially flooded to measure aquaplaning and braking performance on standing water.<\/p>\n<p>The second consequence is emergency traffic. Because of the length and the fire and rescue equipment that goes with it, Istres has taken civil aircraft that could not go anywhere else. The most famous case was on 31 March 1992, when a Boeing 707 freighter lost both right engines in turbulence at 35,000 feet and put down here flapless and downwind at close to 200 knots with the right wing burning. The third consequence was the Space Shuttle, which needed exactly this: a very long, very wide, very well-instrumented runway on the far side of an ocean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The tankers: one wing, one base, the whole French fleet<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>France signed for twelve Boeing C-135 tankers on 20 September 1962, specifically so that the Mirage IV could reach targets it otherwise could not. The first aircraft, number 471, arrived on 3 February 1964 and the last of the batch, number 740, on 7 October 1964; the first nuclear alert was taken the following day. Re-engined between 1984 and 1989 with CFM56s and redesignated C-135FR, given wing refuelling pods in 1993, and joined in 1997 by three second-hand ex-USAF KC-135R aircraft known in French service as KC-135RG, they lasted just short of sixty years. Across the whole fleet the type flew 391,000 hours and was present in every operation France took part in: &#201;pervier, Daguet, Enduring Freedom, Harmattan, Serval and Barkhane, Chammal, Hamilton.<\/p>\n<p>The tanker squadrons were gathered at Istres by stages. ERV 4\/93 Aunis stood up on the base with C-135Fs on 13 July 1965 and became ERV 1\/93 in 1976; the instruction squadron Landes moved in from Mont-de-Marsan on 5 September 1991; and on 1 August 1996 both were folded into a single unit, ERV 93 Bretagne, which from then on was the only French squadron operating C-135s at all. The 31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques was activated over the top of them on 27 August 2014.<\/p>\n<p>The Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix replaced all of it. The first aircraft, MRTT 41, was handed over at Istres on 27 September 2018 and flew its first French service sortie on 12 October. Arrival of the type forced new infrastructure &mdash; maintenance hangar 31 was built in the north of the base in 2017 simply because the aeroplane would not fit in the old ones, along with a fuel depot able to service two Ph&#233;nix at once.<\/p>\n<p>What a strategic tanker actually buys is reach without permission. A Ph&#233;nix carries around 110 tonnes of fuel in its wings, of which some 60 tonnes can be given away, and it can refuel two fighters at once or an E-3F Sentry from the boom. That is what turns a fighter with a few hours of fuel into one that can cross an ocean, and it does so without a diversion airfield, an overflight clearance or a host nation&rsquo;s consent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>One of three strategic bases, and the only one that is not a fighter base<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace classes three of its bases as strategic: Saint-Dizier, Avord and Istres. Saint-Dizier is where the Rafale B of the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques (strategic air forces) sit alert with the ASMPA-R stand-off missile. Istres is different. It carries the deterrent&rsquo;s legs rather than its warhead, and it has also carried the warhead itself for most of its modern life.<\/p>\n<p>The nuclear strike history here is long and is usually forgotten. On 1 April 1980 escadron de chasse 4\/7 Limousin formed at Istres with fifteen SEPECAT Jaguar and the pre-strategic mission, armed with the 25-kilotonne AN-52 free-fall bomb. It disbanded on 31 July 1989 and was reborn the next day as escadron de chasse 3\/4 Limousin, converting to the Dassault Mirage 2000N; it passed under the command of the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques on 1 September 1991 and in 1996 took over the full strategic mission as the Mirage IVP bowed out. On 1 September 2011 escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette moved down from Luxeuil and replaced it, flying the Mirage 2000N from Istres until the type was withdrawn in September 2018, when both remaining nuclear squadrons were concentrated at Saint-Dizier and converted to the Rafale.<\/p>\n<p>The infrastructure stayed. When the special munitions depots were reorganised between the end of 2008 and 2012 for the arrival of the ASMP-A, five d&#233;p&#244;ts ateliers munitions sp&#233;ciales became three d&#233;p&#244;ts vecteurs ASMPA &mdash; at Istres, Saint-Dizier and Avord &mdash; and two were closed. Under the new arrangement the missile body is held in the depot and issued to the squadron; the warhead is kept separately in its own protected zone. France does not publish where its warheads are, and neither will we.<\/p>\n<p>The current contribution is the tanker. A nuclear raid without air refuelling is a one-way trip with a much shorter reach, and the exercises say so plainly: Poker, the full simulated nuclear raid, runs four times a year and can mobilise up to fifty aircraft, Rafale and Ph&#233;nix and E-3F together. The stated ambition of the re-equipped force is to move twenty Rafale and ten MRTT 20,000 kilometres in 48 hours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Flight test: DGA Essais en vol, EPNER, and why it is not Mont-de-Marsan<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Two very different institutions are often confused. The CEAM at Mont-de-Marsan is the air force&rsquo;s own operational evaluation centre: it takes an aircraft that already works and decides how the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace will fight with it, writing the tactics, the manuals and the training syllabus. DGA Essais en vol at Istres belongs to the Direction g&#233;n&#233;rale de l&rsquo;armement, the state armament directorate, and does the job before that one. It flies the aeroplane to find out whether it does what the contract says, qualifies the weapons on it, and signs for it on the state&rsquo;s behalf. One is the customer&rsquo;s tactician; the other is the state&rsquo;s engineer.<\/p>\n<p>The centre was created in 1944, immediately after the Liberation, as the Centre d&rsquo;essais en vol, and kept that name until the end of 2009. It has shed sites steadily &mdash; Br&#233;tigny-sur-Orge until 31 December 2000, Colomb-B&#233;char and Hammaguir in the Sahara until 1967, Melun-Villaroche until 1998, Toulouse until 2009 &mdash; and now works from two: Istres and Cazaux. Between them they employ close to 900 people. In 2023 they flew more than 4,000 test sorties for about 6,500 flight hours and formally accepted some eighty aircraft. The centre marked its eightieth anniversary at Istres on 4 July 2024.<\/p>\n<p>EPNER, the &#201;cole du personnel navigant d&rsquo;essais et de r&#233;ception, was founded in 1946 at Br&#233;tigny by Fran&#231;ois Hussenot, Maurice Cambois and Charles Cabaret and moved to Istres in 1962. It trains test pilots, flight test engineers, test flight engineers and observers, test parachutists and even the air traffic controllers who handle trials traffic &mdash; one of only a handful of such schools in the world, and it takes allied students.<\/p>\n<p>The civil work is real too. The most celebrated single day was 2 May 2001, when Concorde F-BTSD flew two landing cycles at Istres on Michelin NZG tyres, the decisive trial in the certification that allowed the type back into service after the Gonesse accident. Dassault, Safran and Thales all run trials from the same ramp, and Istres controls its own test and acceptance air traffic as one of seven national centres de contr&#244;le d&rsquo;essais et r&#233;ception.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>The Mirage IV years and the alert posture<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The decree of 14 January 1964 created the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques, and Istres was in from the start. Escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/93 Aunis stood up on the base on 13 July 1965 with C-135F tankers, and escadron de bombardement 1\/93 Guyenne on 15 October 1965 with the Dassault Mirage IVA. For eleven years Istres was both a bomber base and a tanker base; the Guyenne was renumbered EB 1\/94 on 30 June 1976 and moved to Avord, leaving the tankers behind.<\/p>\n<p>At the peak in 1968 the force held 62 Mirage IV across nine bombing squadrons on three wings, with twelve C-135F tankers behind them. Nine bombers stood permanent operational alert, able to be launched inside five minutes with the remainder following within the hour, and three tankers stood alert alongside them. The reaction time was later relaxed to fifteen minutes. The aircraft had the range to reach their targets and not the range to come home; crews expected to abandon the aeroplane after release, at best over neutral or allied territory.<\/p>\n<p>The base was also a launch point for the sharper end of French Africa policy. After the kidnapping of Fran&#231;oise Claustre in 1974, Mirage IVs flew photographic reconnaissance over Chad from Istres; each sortie lasted around eight hours and needed five C-135F tankers to support it. Further African missions followed in May 1978 and at the end of 1984, and the same pairing was used in earnest as late as 21 February 2003, when two Mirage IV in grey-green paint with UN markings and two C-135FR left Istres for Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia to fly reconnaissance for the United Nations over Iraq under Op&#233;ration Tarpan. They flew home on 19 March, the day before the invasion.<\/p>\n<p>Istres itself had already featured in a darker Cold War episode. During the generals&rsquo; putsch in Algiers between 21 and 24 April 1961, several officers involved in the plot flew from the base to Algiers in military aircraft with the agreement of the base command. The base commander was on leave; his deputy, Commandant Marcel Fischer &mdash; Resistance, the 1944&ndash;45 campaign, Indochina, Morocco, Algeria &mdash; took responsibility, and was given 85 days of close arrest and early retirement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>Istres in 2026<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The tanker transition is finished and the fleet build-out is not. Twelve A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix had been delivered by 20 September 2023, completing the first order; a thirteenth, MSN 1608 and the first of the third tranche, was accepted in June 2025 in the same month that the last KC-135RG left the fleet. It is a converted A330-200: three such airliners were bought in 2020 and 2022 under the post-Covid aerospace support plan and flown white in transport configuration, and the remaining two are being turned into tankers to take the force to fifteen by 2028. That already makes France the largest A330 MRTT operator in the world.<\/p>\n<p>It is also, by the air force&rsquo;s own account, not quite enough. G&#233;n&#233;ral J&#233;r&#244;me Bellanger, chief of staff of the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace, said in October 2025 that the size of the A330 MRTT fleet was being watched closely, &ldquo;d&rsquo;autant plus que sa polyvalence cr&#233;&#233; une superposition des attentes et des contrats op&#233;rationnels&rdquo; &mdash; the aeroplane is so useful that everyone wants it at once, while it remains under the command of the strategic air forces and can be recalled to France at any moment.<\/p>\n<p>The other change is logistical. On 16 May 2024 the Hub des arm&#233;es passenger terminal was inaugurated at Istres by G&#233;n&#233;ral St&#233;phane Mille, then chief of the air staff. It is built for 100,000 passengers and 9,000 tonnes of freight a year, can process 540 people at once &mdash; two A330 loads &mdash; and covers about a hectare. It has largely taken over from Roissy as the door through which French forces leave for operations, and it is a long way from the 10,000 passengers a year the base handled before the Ph&#233;nix arrived.<\/p>\n<p>What that adds up to was visible on 8 September 2026, when Mission P&#233;gase 26 left Istres: four Rafale F4, three Ph&#233;nix and two A400M Atlas, around 300 personnel, more than 40,000 kilometres and five and a half weeks by way of Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, India, Qatar, R&#233;union and Egypt. The Rafale reached Alaska in roughly eleven hours without landing, on six air-to-air refuellings. G&#233;n&#233;ral de brigade a&#233;rienne Yann Malard had taken command of the base twelve days earlier, on 27 August 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>May: a military flying school is established on the plain of Le Tub&#233; outside Istres. It becomes one of the largest pilot training centres in France alongside Chartres, Avord, Pau and &#201;tampes, and the field has never stopped flying since.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>20 August: the Istres&ndash;Damascus&ndash;Paris air race starts from the field, organised by the A&#233;ro-Club de France for a prize of 1.5 million francs. Thirteen of seventeen entered crews start and nine finish the 6,190 km course; the Italians Ranieri Cupini and Amadeo Paradisi win in a Savoia-Marchetti S.79 in 17 hours 32 minutes 43.2 seconds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>November: German forces take the base after the occupation of the southern zone. It had served the Vichy air force since 1940, and it is bombed repeatedly by Allied aircraft flying from England.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>August: Allied forces seize the field during Operation Dragoon and hand it to Twelfth Air Force on 27 August as Advanced Landing Ground Y-17 and USAAF Station 196. The 324th Fighter Group brings P-47 Thunderbolts from 2 to 6 September; the 64th Troop Carrier Group flies C-47s from here until November. Full French control returns in October 1945.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>3 March: the test pilot Charles Monier, a Free French fighter pilot of the Normandie-Ni&#233;men, is killed at Istres when a jettisoned wing tank strikes the tail of a Myst&#232;re II prototype. The base carries his name to this day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>21&ndash;24 April: officers involved in the generals&rsquo; putsch fly from Istres to Algiers in military aircraft with the base command&rsquo;s agreement. The deputy commander, Commandant Marcel Fischer, takes responsibility and receives 85 days of close arrest followed by early retirement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>13 July: escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/93 Aunis forms at Istres with Boeing C-135F tankers. On 15 October escadron de bombardement 1\/93 Guyenne forms with the Dassault Mirage IVA, making Istres a nuclear bomber base as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>1 April: escadron de chasse 4\/7 Limousin forms at Istres with fifteen SEPECAT Jaguar and the pre-strategic nuclear mission, armed with the 25-kilotonne AN-52. It disbands on 31 July 1989 and re-forms the next day as escadron de chasse 3\/4 Limousin on the Mirage 2000N.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1992<\/div>\n<p>A 1,200-metre stopway is built off the 33 threshold for Airbus Industrie to the same standard as the runway, making the paved strip just under 5,000 metres. On 31 March a Boeing 707 freighter that has lost both right engines in turbulence at 35,000 feet makes an emergency landing here; all five on board survive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1996<\/div>\n<p>1 August: escadrons 1\/93 Aunis and 3\/93 Landes are dissolved into a single new unit, ERV 93 Bretagne, at Istres &mdash; from then on the only squadron in the French air force operating C-135 tankers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2001<\/div>\n<p>Istres becomes a certified Transatlantic Abort Landing site for the American Space Shuttle, with guidance equipment installed permanently and NASA teams deploying about eight days before each launch. On 2 May, Concorde F-BTSD flies the decisive Michelin NZG tyre certification landings here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>1 September: escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette arrives from Luxeuil with the Mirage 2000N and takes over the strategic nuclear strike mission at Istres from the Limousin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>27 August: the 31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques is activated at Istres. In November the minister of defence Jean-Yves Le Drian confirms the order for twelve A330 MRTT and names the type Ph&#233;nix.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>27 September: the first A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix, MRTT 41, is delivered at Istres; it flies its first French sortie on 12 October. In September the Mirage 2000N is withdrawn and the La Fayette leaves for Saint-Dizier, ending nuclear strike flying from Istres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>11 July: the Est&#233;rel transfers from Creil and becomes ERVTS 2\/31. On 20 September the twelfth Ph&#233;nix completes the first order. On 15 December the last C-135FR, aircraft 737, leaves the base after almost sixty years of French service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>16 May: the Hub des arm&#233;es passenger terminal is inaugurated, sized for 100,000 passengers and 9,000 tonnes of freight a year. On 4 July DGA Essais en vol marks its eightieth anniversary at Istres, and on 8 August the astronaut Thomas Pesquet signs on as an operational reserve colonel with the 31e escadre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>30 June: escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/31 Sologne stands down with the retirement of the last KC-135RG, one of which flies the Bastille Day parade on 14 July. In the same month the DGA accepts the thirteenth Ph&#233;nix, MSN 1608, the first of the third tranche.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>27 August: G&#233;n&#233;ral de brigade a&#233;rienne Yann Malard takes command of the base from Colonel S&#233;bastien Est&#232;ve. On 8 September four Rafale F4, three Ph&#233;nix and two A400M leave Istres on Mission P&#233;gase 26, a 40,000-kilometre deployment through the Arctic and the Indo-Pacific.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 August 1937<\/div>\n<h3>An Italian crew wins a French race from Istres and takes the money home<\/h3>\n<p>The A&#233;ro-Club de France laid on the Istres&ndash;Damascus&ndash;Paris race with 1.5 million francs of French air ministry prize money, a 2,971-kilometre non-stop first leg from Istres to Damascus and 6,190 kilometres in total. Thirteen crews started and nine finished. The winners were Lieutenant-Colonels Ranieri Cupini and Amadeo Paradisi of the Regia Aeronautica in a Savoia-Marchetti S.79, in 17 hours 32 minutes and 43.2 seconds. Among the French entries was the sole Breguet 470 Fulgur ever built. It was, in the summer of 1937, a slightly awkward result.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1937_Istres%E2%80%93Damascus%E2%80%93Paris_Air_Race\">Wikipedia (en): 1937 Istres&ndash;Damascus&ndash;Paris Air Race<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">3 March 1953<\/div>\n<h3>The base&rsquo;s patron is killed by his own drop tank<\/h3>\n<p>Charles Monier took off at 17:10 in MD 452 Myst&#232;re II number 01, registered F-WFUU, to test wing tank jettison. The trial had a problem that reads like something from another century: the shepherds of the Crau refused to move their flocks, so the pilot had to fly lower than he wanted, because releasing at height would have scattered debris further. After the right tank came off it struck the tailplane; the aircraft went into a dive, hit the ground and burned. Monier had flown with the Groupe de Chasse Alsace in Libya, with the &#206;le-de-France squadron in Britain and with the Normandie-Ni&#233;men in Russia, where he was shot down on 30 July 1944 and walked back through the lines. He had flown 91 aircraft types and 1,696 hours. The base carries his name; a memorial stone stands where the aircraft fell.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Monier\">Wikip&#233;dia (fr): Charles Monier<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">21&ndash;24 April 1961<\/div>\n<h3>Istres helps the generals&rsquo; putsch, and a major carries the can<\/h3>\n<p>When four retired generals seized Algiers, several officers involved in the plot &mdash; among them Capitaine Sergent &mdash; reached Algeria in military aircraft flown out of Istres with the agreement of the base command. The base commander was on leave. His deputy, Commandant Marcel Fischer, a veteran of the Resistance, the 1944&ndash;45 campaign, Indochina, Morocco and Algeria and a chevalier of the L&#233;gion d&rsquo;honneur, accepted responsibility for the base&rsquo;s part in it. He was given 85 days of close arrest and then retired early. It is one of the very few documented cases of an operational French air base being used, institutionally, against the Republic.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Base_a%C3%A9rienne_125_Istres-Le_Tub%C3%A9\">Wikip&#233;dia (fr): Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">30 June 1972<\/div>\n<h3>The only French C-135 ever lost, with six on board<\/h3>\n<p>C-135F number 473 of escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/91 Landes, detached to Hao atoll in French Polynesia in support of the Centre d&rsquo;exp&#233;rimentation du Pacifique, took off shortly after 05:00 and crashed into the sea off the Kaki pass. Witnesses on the ground reported abnormal engine noise, sparks from more than one engine and the aircraft passing abnormally low. All six on board were killed: Commandant Georges Dugu&#233;, Lieutenant Serge Frugier, Capitaine Hubert Parage, Adjudant-chef Albert Hecq and two meteorological specialists. Internal corrosion of the engines from salt and coral dust was identified. It was the only loss in the French C-135 fleet&rsquo;s fifty-nine-year career, which ended at Istres.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/aviateurs.e-monsite.com\/pages\/1946-et-annees-suivantes\/perte-du-c-135-473.html\">Claude Brunet, Histoires d&rsquo;aviateurs: Perte du C-135F 473 et de son &#233;quipage<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">31 March 1992<\/div>\n<h3>A Boeing 707 arrives with two engines missing and the wing on fire<\/h3>\n<p>Trans-Air Service flight 671, a Boeing 707-321C registered 5N-MAS flying from Luxembourg to Kano in Nigeria, lost engines three and four in turbulence at 35,000 feet: both separated from the right wing. The crew diverted to Istres and made a flapless downwind landing at close to 200 knots with fuel pouring from the wing and burning. The undercarriage failed and the aircraft slid off the far end of the strip. It was damaged beyond repair, but all five occupants survived and the cargo was saved. The French investigation found the aircraft had been overloaded and that maintenance requirements had not been met. Istres&rsquo;s length and its crash equipment are the reason there was anywhere to go.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/bea.aero\/docspa\/1992\/5n-s920331\/htm\/5n-s920331.html\">BEA, rapport relatif &#224; l&rsquo;accident survenu le 31 mars 1992 au Boeing 707 immatricul&#233; 5N-MAS<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">1996&ndash;1999<\/div>\n<h3>American U-2s fly from a French nuclear base<\/h3>\n<p>Istres hosted the United States Air Force 9th Reconnaissance Wing&rsquo;s detachment OL-FR &mdash; Operating Location France &mdash; flying the Lockheed U-2. The arrangement is documented in the press from January 1996, during the Bosnia deployments, and during Operation Allied Force over Kosovo in 1999 American KC-135 tankers and U-2s both operated from the base. A high-altitude American strategic reconnaissance unit flying operational missions from a French air base is not a common sight, and less so from a base that was at the same time a nuclear strike base of an explicitly independent deterrent, with Mirage 2000N of the Limousin sitting on the other side of the field. The runway, the fuel and the geography made the arrangement obvious. The politics of it were not.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/france\/istres.htm\">GlobalSecurity.org, Base de Istres; and Wikipedia (en): Istres-Le Tub&#233; Air Base citing the Washington Post, 6 January 1996<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">2 May 2001<\/div>\n<h3>Concorde is signed back into the sky at Istres<\/h3>\n<p>After the Gonesse accident of 25 July 2000 the Concorde&rsquo;s return to service depended on two modifications: Kevlar linings in the fuel tanks and a new Michelin tyre, the NZG, designed so that it would not shed the large rubber fragments that had doomed flight 4590. Michelin reproduced the burst on the bench at Ladoux and Almer&#237;a; the flying proof was done at Istres. A first campaign ran from 18 January to 3 February 2001 on the Kevlar protection, and on 2 May 2001 Concorde F-BTSD, &ldquo;Sierra Delta&rdquo;, flew two landing cycles at Istres fitted throughout with the new tyre. The NZG expanded about three per cent during a take-off run against twelve per cent for the old bias-ply tyre.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.concordereference.fr\/le-pneu-michelin-nzg\/\">APCOS \/ concordereference.fr: Le pneu Michelin NZG<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">15 December 2023<\/div>\n<h3>The last C-135FR leaves, and a French aircrew trade dies with it<\/h3>\n<p>Aircraft number 737, the last C-135FR, was paraded in front of the base and flown out. France had ordered twelve C-135F on 20 September 1962; the first arrived on 3 February 1964 and the first nuclear alert was taken on 8 October that year. Across fifty-nine years the fleet flew 391,000 hours. The commander of BA 125, Colonel Anne-Laure Michel, made the point that the retirement closed a chapter not only for the aircraft but for a specialisation: the C-135 carried a navigator, and with the Ph&#233;nix the French air force&rsquo;s tanker navigators ceased to exist as a trade. The ex-American KC-135RG soldiered on at Istres until 30 June 2025, one of them flying the Bastille Day parade a fortnight later.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/actualites\/istres-base-rend-dernier-hommage-aux-c-135-fr\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: Istres, la base rend un dernier hommage aux C-135 FR<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-701-salon-de-provence\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/ba-701-salon-de-provence\/\">Base a&#233;rienne 701 Salon-de-Provence<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFMY<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Cirrus SR20\/SR22, Grob G 120, Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E, Extra EA-330SC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-115-orange\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 115 Orange-Caritat<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFMO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Dassault Rafale C, Airbus Helicopters AS555 Fennec, Dassault Mirage 2000B\/C, Dassault Mirage F1C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-126-solenzara\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 126 Solenzara<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFKS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Airbus Helicopters AS332 Super Puma, Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Does Istres really have the longest runway in Europe?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It has the longest in France, and the European claim depends on how you count. The published chart gives runway 15\/33 as 3,750 metres by 53 metres. Off the 33 end there is a stopway of 1,208 metres by 59 metres built to the same standard as the runway, and a shorter one of 114 metres off the 15 end, so the continuous paved strip runs to just under 5,000 metres. That is what France means when it calls Istres the longest runway in Europe. The declared landing distance, though, is 3,750 metres.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was Istres really a Space Shuttle landing site?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, and it was one of a very small number outside the United States. From 2001 until the shuttle fleet retired, Istres was equipped and certified for a Transatlantic Abort Landing &mdash; the abort flown if the orbiter lost main engines after committing to the Atlantic crossing. Guidance equipment for the shuttle was installed permanently and NASA teams deployed to the base about eight days before each launch. A Franco-American agreement covering the use of BA 125 for the purpose was signed in Washington on 7 June 2005 and published by decree in France on 13 July 2007. The abort was never flown, anywhere, in the whole programme.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is based at Istres today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques and the entire French Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix fleet: ERVTS 1\/31 Bretagne, ERVTS 2\/31 Est&#233;rel and the conversion squadron ETP 3\/31 Landes, with ESTA 15\/31 Camargue doing the maintenance. The base also holds DGA Essais en vol, the EPNER test pilot school, escadron de d&#233;fense sol-air 01.950 Crau, the 25e r&#233;giment du g&#233;nie de l&rsquo;air, an air protection squadron, industrial trials for Dassault, Safran and Thales, and the Hub des arm&#233;es through which French operational deployments now leave the country.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix does France have?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Twelve had been delivered when the first order completed on 20 September 2023, and a thirteenth &mdash; MSN 1608, the first of the third tranche &mdash; was accepted in June 2025. Three A330-200 airliners bought in 2020 and 2022 are parked at Istres awaiting conversion, which will bring the fleet to fifteen by 2028. That is already the largest A330 MRTT fleet in the world. In October 2025 the chief of the air staff, G&#233;n&#233;ral J&#233;r&#244;me Bellanger, said the size of the fleet was being watched closely because demand for the aircraft keeps outrunning it.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Istres part of the French nuclear deterrent?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, and in two ways. It is one of the three bases the air force classes as strategic, alongside Saint-Dizier and Avord, and one of the three that kept a d&#233;p&#244;t vecteur ASMPA when the special munitions depots were reorganised between 2008 and 2012. And its tankers belong to the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques: the Rafale B of Saint-Dizier cannot reach a target at range without them. Istres also flew the weapon itself for nearly forty years, with Jaguars from 1980 and Mirage 2000N from 1989 until the type was withdrawn in September 2018.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the difference between DGA Essais en vol at Istres and the CEAM at Mont-de-Marsan?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">DGA Essais en vol belongs to the armament directorate and does the engineering: it flies new aircraft and weapons to establish whether they meet specification, qualifies them and accepts them on behalf of the French state, and takes part in civil certification. The CEAM belongs to the air force and does the operational evaluation: it takes an aircraft that has already been qualified and works out how the force will fight with it. DGA Essais en vol was created in 1944 as the Centre d&rsquo;essais en vol, keeps sites at Istres and Cazaux, employs close to 900 people and flew over 4,000 test sorties in 2023.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code and where exactly is the base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">LFMI, with the IATA code QIE. The aerodrome reference point is 43&#176;31&rsquo;21&quot;N 004&#176;55&rsquo;27&quot;E, on the commune of Istres in the Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne, northwest of Marseille on the edge of the Crau. Aerodrome elevation is 82 feet, about 25 metres. The base covers some 2,500 hectares with around 500 buildings and about 5,000 military and civilian staff.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why do French deployments leave from Istres rather than a civil airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because the Hub des arm&#233;es is here. The military passenger terminal was inaugurated on 16 May 2024 and is built for 100,000 passengers and 9,000 tonnes of freight a year, with capacity to process 540 people at once &mdash; two A330 loads. It has largely replaced Roissy as the departure point for French external operations, and it sits on the same base as the tankers that make long-range movement possible. Mission P&#233;gase 26, a 40,000-kilometre deployment through the Arctic and Indo-Pacific, left Istres on 8 September 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (air-to-air refuelling, flight test and nuclear deterrence; the longest runway in France). The French Air and Space Force operates it as 31e escadre a&#233;rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat&#233;giques.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; is LFMI. The airfield sits at 25 m above sea level in Bouches-du-Rh&#244;ne, at 43.5244 N, 4.9236 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; has one runway: 15\/33, 3,750 m (12,303 ft), concrete.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; currently hosts Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat&#233;giques 1\/31 Bretagne flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix; Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat&#233;giques 2\/31 Est&#233;rel flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix; Escadron de transformation Ph&#233;nix 3\/31 Landes flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix; &#201;cole du personnel navigant d&rsquo;essais et de r&#233;ception flying the Various trials aircraft; Escadron de d&#233;fense sol-air 01.950 Crau flying the &mdash;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233; has hosted Escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/31 Sologne (2019&ndash;2025) with the C-135FR Stratotanker, KC-135RG Stratotanker.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Istres really have the longest runway in Europe?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It has the longest in France, and the European claim depends on how you count. The published chart gives runway 15\/33 as 3,750 metres by 53 metres. Off the 33 end there is a stopway of 1,208 metres by 59 metres built to the same standard as the runway, and a shorter one of 114 metres off the 15 end, so the continuous paved strip runs to just under 5,000 metres. That is what France means when it calls Istres the longest runway in Europe. The declared landing distance, though, is 3,750 metres.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was Istres really a Space Shuttle landing site?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, and it was one of a very small number outside the United States. From 2001 until the shuttle fleet retired, Istres was equipped and certified for a Transatlantic Abort Landing \\u2014 the abort flown if the orbiter lost main engines after committing to the Atlantic crossing. Guidance equipment for the shuttle was installed permanently and NASA teams deployed to the base about eight days before each launch. A Franco-American agreement covering the use of BA 125 for the purpose was signed in Washington on 7 June 2005 and published by decree in France on 13 July 2007. The abort was never flown, anywhere, in the whole programme.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is based at Istres today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 31e escadre a\\u00e9rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat\\u00e9giques and the entire French Airbus A330 MRTT Ph\\u00e9nix fleet: ERVTS 1\/31 Bretagne, ERVTS 2\/31 Est\\u00e9rel and the conversion squadron ETP 3\/31 Landes, with ESTA 15\/31 Camargue doing the maintenance. The base also holds DGA Essais en vol, the EPNER test pilot school, escadron de d\\u00e9fense sol-air 01.950 Crau, the 25e r\\u00e9giment du g\\u00e9nie de l\\u2019air, an air protection squadron, industrial trials for Dassault, Safran and Thales, and the Hub des arm\\u00e9es through which French operational deployments now leave the country.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many A330 MRTT Ph\\u00e9nix does France have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Twelve had been delivered when the first order completed on 20 September 2023, and a thirteenth \\u2014 MSN 1608, the first of the third tranche \\u2014 was accepted in June 2025. Three A330-200 airliners bought in 2020 and 2022 are parked at Istres awaiting conversion, which will bring the fleet to fifteen by 2028. That is already the largest A330 MRTT fleet in the world. In October 2025 the chief of the air staff, G\\u00e9n\\u00e9ral J\\u00e9r\\u00f4me Bellanger, said the size of the fleet was being watched closely because demand for the aircraft keeps outrunning it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Istres part of the French nuclear deterrent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, and in two ways. It is one of the three bases the air force classes as strategic, alongside Saint-Dizier and Avord, and one of the three that kept a d\\u00e9p\\u00f4t vecteur ASMPA when the special munitions depots were reorganised between 2008 and 2012. And its tankers belong to the Forces a\\u00e9riennes strat\\u00e9giques: the Rafale B of Saint-Dizier cannot reach a target at range without them. Istres also flew the weapon itself for nearly forty years, with Jaguars from 1980 and Mirage 2000N from 1989 until the type was withdrawn in September 2018.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the difference between DGA Essais en vol at Istres and the CEAM at Mont-de-Marsan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"DGA Essais en vol belongs to the armament directorate and does the engineering: it flies new aircraft and weapons to establish whether they meet specification, qualifies them and accepts them on behalf of the French state, and takes part in civil certification. The CEAM belongs to the air force and does the operational evaluation: it takes an aircraft that has already been qualified and works out how the force will fight with it. DGA Essais en vol was created in 1944 as the Centre d\\u2019essais en vol, keeps sites at Istres and Cazaux, employs close to 900 people and flew over 4,000 test sorties in 2023.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code and where exactly is the base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"LFMI, with the IATA code QIE. The aerodrome reference point is 43\\u00b031\\u201921\\\"N 004\\u00b055\\u201927\\\"E, on the commune of Istres in the Bouches-du-Rh\\u00f4ne, northwest of Marseille on the edge of the Crau. Aerodrome elevation is 82 feet, about 25 metres. The base covers some 2,500 hectares with around 500 buildings and about 5,000 military and civilian staff.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do French deployments leave from Istres rather than a civil airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the Hub des arm\\u00e9es is here. The military passenger terminal was inaugurated on 16 May 2024 and is built for 100,000 passengers and 9,000 tonnes of freight a year, with capacity to process 540 people at once \\u2014 two A330 loads. It has largely replaced Roissy as the departure point for French external operations, and it sits on the same base as the tankers that make long-range movement possible. Mission P\\u00e9gase 26, a 40,000-kilometre deployment through the Arctic and Indo-Pacific, left Istres on 8 September 2026.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9 still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (air-to-air refuelling, flight test and nuclear deterrence; the longest runway in France). The French Air and Space Force operates it as 31e escadre a\\u00e9rienne de ravitaillement et de transport strat\\u00e9giques.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9 is LFMI. The airfield sits at 25 m above sea level in Bouches-du-Rh\\u00f4ne, at 43.5244 N, 4.9236 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9 has one runway: 15\/33, 3,750 m (12,303 ft), concrete.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9 currently hosts Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat\\u00e9giques 1\/31 Bretagne flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph\\u00e9nix; Escadron de ravitaillement en vol et de transport strat\\u00e9giques 2\/31 Est\\u00e9rel flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph\\u00e9nix; Escadron de transformation Ph\\u00e9nix 3\/31 Landes flying the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph\\u00e9nix; \\u00c9cole du personnel navigant d\\u2019essais et de r\\u00e9ception flying the Various trials aircraft; Escadron de d\\u00e9fense sol-air 01.950 Crau flying the \\u2014.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Base a\\u00e9rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub\\u00e9 has hosted Escadron de ravitaillement en vol 4\/31 Sologne (2019\\u20132025) with the C-135FR Stratotanker, KC-135RG Stratotanker.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from a French air base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; a real military jet trainer, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls. French military airfields do not sell flights; this is the nearest thing there is.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the French Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/actualites\/istres-base-rend-dernier-hommage-aux-c-135-fr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: Istres, la base rend un dernier hommage aux C-135 FR<\/a><span>C-135FR retirement on 15 December 2023, twelve bought in 1964, twelve Ph&#233;nix plus three conversions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Service de l&rsquo;information a&#233;ronautique (SIA France): AIP France and military VAC charts<\/a><span>published ICAO codes, runway designators, lengths, surfaces and aerodrome elevations for French military aerodromes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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