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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Madagascar<\/div>\n<h1>Malagasy Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air malgache<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Malagasy Air Force was formed at independence in 1960 with French transports, flew North Korean MiG-17s and Soviet MiG-21s from 1979, and has since lost almost all of its combat capability: in 2026 it has no combat squadron, about 500 people and a fleet of light transports, Cessnas, ultralight trainers and a few helicopters, under a military government that took power in October 2025.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1960<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>8<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Rand-wi \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Madagascar<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1960<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Antananarivo<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Malagasy Air Force story: French transports, North Korean MiGs and an air force that faded<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1960&ndash;1975: French aircraft for a new state<\/h3>\n<p>Madagascar&rsquo;s air arm began with what France left behind. According to Wikipedia, the Malagasy Air Force was founded in 1960 with mainly former French aircraft: Douglas DC-3s, Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard liaison aircraft and Dassault MD 312 Flamant light twins; African Aerospace, writing in 2019, likewise describes a mixed transport fleet transferred by France, including C-47s. It was a transport and liaison service for a large island with few roads. By 1970, Wikipedia says, it had about 400 personnel and operated ten transport aircraft, eleven liaison aircraft, three trainers and ten helicopters. No source checked gives an exact founding date or describes any combat role in this period; the service&rsquo;s job was moving officials, troops and supplies between the capital and distant provincial towns.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1976&ndash;1990: Soviet helicopters and North Korean MiGs<\/h3>\n<p>In the 1970s Madagascar turned towards the Soviet bloc, and its air arm followed. Mil Mi-8 helicopters arrived in 1976. In 1979 came the first jets: four MiG-17F fighters from North Korea, according to both Wikipedia and African Aerospace. Two Antonov An-26 transports followed in 1980 and Alouette III helicopters in the early 1980s. In the 1980s the air force received ten MiG-21bis fighters and two MiG-21UM two-seat trainers, Wikipedia says, citing Tom Cooper&rsquo;s history African MiGs. For a few years Madagascar had a small supersonic fighter force. The sources checked do not record any combat use of these aircraft, nor exact delivery dates for the MiG-21s, nor how many were lost in accidents; those details are left out here.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">After the MiGs: an air force that faded<\/h3>\n<p>What happened to the MiGs is not well documented in the sources checked. No retirement date was found. defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2026 profile states simply that the air force &quot;has seen its combat capabilities all but disappear with much of its fleet inoperable&quot;, and it lists no combat squadron and no combat aircraft. Spending explains much of it: defenceWeb puts defence spending at about 0.6 per cent of GDP on average over the past decade, about 119.9 million US dollars in 2025, for armed forces of about 13,000 active personnel plus some 10,000 in the gendarmerie. The air force&rsquo;s share is small: defenceWeb counts about 500 personnel. Wikipedia lists a principal base at Arivonimamo near Antananarivo and secondary airfields at towns such as Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina and Toliara.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2009&ndash;2019: Belgian Alouettes and a small rebuild<\/h3>\n<p>In 2009 Madagascar bought four former Belgian military SA 318C Alouette II helicopters; two of them later crashed, in 2015 and in 2019, according to African Aerospace. The same report describes the largest re-equipment in years: in June 2019 the air force received a CASA\/IPTN CN-235 tactical transport, three AS 350 B2 Ecureuil helicopters previously used in South Africa, an MBB\/Kawasaki BK 117 twin-engined helicopter and five Cessna 206s for coastal patrol, with 20 men and women training at a new facility at Arivonimamo. Wikipedia says the CN-235 was resold in 2021, but defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2026 table still lists one CN235M, so its status is uncertain. Wikipedia also mentions aircraft destroyed at Farafangana during the 2009 political crisis; that claim could not be corroborated and is left out.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2025&ndash;2026: a military government and no combat aircraft<\/h3>\n<p>Madagascar&rsquo;s politics have repeatedly run through the CAPSAT unit, an army personnel administration centre that, Al Jazeera notes, had backed the 2009 takeover that first brought Andry Rajoelina to power. After protests over power and water cuts from 25 September 2025, CAPSAT installed General D&#233;mosth&#232;ne Pikulas as military chief on 12 October 2025 and declared that all orders to land, air and naval forces would come from its headquarters. Reuters reported, as cited by Wikipedia, that Rajoelina left on a French military aircraft on 13 October; President Macron did not confirm it. The National Assembly impeached him on 14 October, the African Union suspended Madagascar on 15 October, and Colonel Michael Randrianirina was inaugurated as interim president on 17 October. No air force role in these events is recorded in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">In the 1970s Madagascar turned towards the Soviet bloc, and its air arm followed. Mil Mi-8 helicopters arrived in 1976.<cite>Malagasy Air Force &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Malagasy Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air malgache<span class=\"gnote\">French form given by Wikipedia and African Aerospace; an official Malagasy-language name was not found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1960<span class=\"gnote\">At independence, with former French aircraft; no exact date found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Malagasy Armed Forces<span class=\"gnote\">Army, air force and navy; about 13,000 active personnel plus about 10,000 gendarmes, per defenceWeb<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Ivato Air Base, Antananarivo<span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb (2026); Wikipedia names Arivonimamo, near Antananarivo, as the main base<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Gen. Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana<span class=\"gnote\">As of January 2026, per defenceWeb<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Head of state<\/dt>\n<dd>Col. Michael Randrianirina<span class=\"gnote\">Interim president since 17 October 2025, after the CAPSAT takeover<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 500<span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb estimate; no official figure<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>None<span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb lists no combat squadron; the MiG-17s and MiG-21s of 1979 onwards are gone<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport and light aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Let L-410 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>CN-235M &mdash; 1 (status disputed)<\/li>\n<li>Cessna 206 &mdash; 5<\/li>\n<li>Cessna 172 &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<li>Cessna 337 &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>Cessna 310 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>PA-23 Aztec &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Yak-40 (VIP) &mdash; about 2&ndash;4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb, May 2026; Wikipedia says the CN-235 was resold in 2021<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Joker J300 &mdash; fewer than 5<\/li>\n<li>Tetras &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Light and ultralight types, per defenceWeb<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>AS 350 Ecureuil &mdash; 2&ndash;3<\/li>\n<li>SA 318 Alouette II &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>H130 (EC130) &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>BK 117 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb lists three AS 350s, Wikipedia two<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence budget<\/dt>\n<dd>About US$119.9 million (2025)<span class=\"gnote\">0.62 per cent of GDP, per defenceWeb<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Ivato, Antananarivo &mdash; headquarters (defenceWeb)<\/li>\n<li>Arivonimamo &mdash; tactical air base and training (Wikipedia, African Aerospace)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia also lists secondary airfields at Antalaha, Antsohihy, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Fort Dauphin (Taolagnaro), Mahajanga, Nosy Be, Toamasina and Toliara<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Squadrons<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Combat &mdash; 0<\/li>\n<li>Transport &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>Training &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Helicopter &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb, 2026; designations not published<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Malagasy Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">The air arm of the Malagasy Armed Forces, about 500 strong according to defenceWeb, with its headquarters at Ivato in Antananarivo and two transport squadrons, a training squadron and a helicopter squadron whose designations are not published. <span class=\"imp\">It has no combat squadron: the North Korean MiG-17s of 1979 and the MiG-21s of the 1980s are gone, and defenceWeb says its combat capabilities have &quot;all but disappeared&quot;, with much of its fleet inoperable.<\/span> The largest re-equipment in years came in June 2019, and no new delivery or order was found for 2024&ndash;2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">RT<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">General<\/span><b>Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Air Force<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Malagasy Air Force<\/span><em>Arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air malgache<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Malagasy Air Force<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air malgache<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Antananarivo (Ivato)<\/div>\n<p>The air arm of the Malagasy Armed Forces, about 500 strong according to defenceWeb, with its headquarters at Ivato Air Base in Antananarivo. defenceWeb names General Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana as commander &quot;as of Jan 2026&quot;; his appointment date was not found. Since 17 October 2025 the head of state has been Colonel Michael Randrianirina, inaugurated as interim president after the CAPSAT unit installed General D&#233;mosth&#232;ne Pikulas as military chief.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Two transport squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>defenceWeb counts two transport squadrons but publishes neither their designations nor their bases. Its 2026 list has a Let L-410, five Cessna 206s bought in 2019 for coastal patrol, four Cessna 172s, two 337s, a 310, a PA-23 Aztec and about two to four Yak-40s for VIP work, and a CN-235M that Wikipedia says was resold in 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Training squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Fewer than five Joker J300s and a Tetras ultralight, per defenceWeb. In November 2019 African Aerospace reported 20 men and women training at &quot;a new facility established at the Arivonimamo Tactical Air Base&quot; to crew the aircraft delivered that June; the squadron&rsquo;s base is not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Helicopter squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Two or three ex-South African AS 350 B2 Ecureuils and a BK 117 delivered in June 2019, an H130, and two of the four ex-Belgian SA 318C Alouette IIs bought in 2009; the other two crashed, in 2015 and 2019. The squadron&rsquo;s designation and base are not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Malagasy Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Let L-410 Turbolet<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, per defenceWeb (2026); Wikipedia lists the type without a number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASA\/IPTN CN-235M<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0&ndash;1. One delivered in June 2019 (African Aerospace); Wikipedia says it was resold in 2021, but defenceWeb still lists one in 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 206<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Coastal patrol and liaison<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Five, delivered in June 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 172<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison and training<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 337 Skymaster<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 310<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piper PA-23 Aztec<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Yakovlev Yak-40<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 2&ndash;4, per defenceWeb; not corroborated elsewhere.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Joker J300<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Fewer than five, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tetras<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter AS 350 B2 Ecureuil<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2&ndash;3: three former South African aircraft delivered in June 2019 (African Aerospace); defenceWeb lists three in 2026, Wikipedia two.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation SA 318C Alouette II<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four bought from Belgium in 2009; two crashed, in 2015 and 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter EC130 (H130)<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, per Wikipedia and defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MBB\/Kawasaki BK 117<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, delivered in June 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Cessna 206<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Cessna 172<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:80%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Cessna 337<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:40%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Alouette II<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:40%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">L-410<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Cessna 310<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">PA-23<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Tetras<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Malagasy Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">8 types, from the Douglas DC-3 \/ C-47 to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis and MiG-21UM. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis and MiG-21UM<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ten MiG-21bis and two MiG-21UM trainers, per Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1979&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>MiG-21bis<\/td>\n<td>Four, from North Korea.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26<\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1980&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" class=\"was\">Mil Mi-8<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1976&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA 316 Alouette III<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas DC-3 \/ C-47<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dassault MD 312 Flamant<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Malagasy Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases; none of the airfields listed has closed. <span class=\"imp\">The air force flies from Ivato, Antananarivo&rsquo;s international airport and a mixed civil and military platform, and from Arivonimamo, the tactical air base west of the capital where a training facility opened in 2019.<\/span> Wikipedia lists nine provincial civil airports, from Antsiranana to Toliara, as available to the air force; they have no rows because no source describes air force units at any of them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-arivonimamo\" data-base=\"arivonimamo\" data-x=\"active active Malagasy Air Force \">\n<td>Arivonimamo<span>Itasy, near Antananarivo<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FMMA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>12\/30<\/span>2,511 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ivato\" data-base=\"ivato\" data-x=\"active active Malagasy Air Force headquarters (per defenceWeb) TNR\">\n<td>Ivato (Ivato International Airport), Antananarivo<span>Analamanga, Antananarivo<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FMMI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>11\/29<\/span>3,100 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Malagasy Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Units by base. <span class=\"imp\">defenceWeb counts two transport squadrons, a training squadron and a helicopter squadron but publishes neither their designations nor their bases, so no unit is placed at Ivato or Arivonimamo.<\/span> Where the MiG-17s and MiG-21s of the 1970s and 1980s were based was not found.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Malagasy Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>Independence; the air force is founded with former French DC-3s, Broussards and Flamants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>About 400 personnel, ten transports, eleven liaison aircraft, three trainers and ten helicopters, according to Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>Mil Mi-8 helicopters are delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1979<\/div>\n<p>Four MiG-17F fighters arrive from North Korea, the first jets in Malagasy service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>Two Antonov An-26 transports are delivered; Alouette IIIs follow in the early 1980s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980s<\/div>\n<p>Ten MiG-21bis fighters and two MiG-21UM trainers are delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2009<\/div>\n<p>Four former Belgian SA 318C Alouette II helicopters are bought.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>One of the Alouette IIs crashes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>June: a CN-235, three AS 350 B2s, a BK 117 and five Cessna 206s are delivered; a second Alouette II is lost in a crash the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2021<\/div>\n<p>Wikipedia says the CN-235 was resold; defenceWeb still lists one in 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>12 October: the CAPSAT unit installs Gen. D&#233;mosth&#232;ne Pikulas as military chief and claims command of land, air and naval forces. 17 October: Col. Michael Randrianirina is inaugurated as interim president.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>defenceWeb lists no combat squadron and about 500 air force personnel; Gen. Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana is named as commander.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Malagasy Air Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\">Cessna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/eurocopter\/\">Eurocopter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/casa\/\">CASA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/humbert\/\">Humbert Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/iptn\/\">IPTN<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/kawasaki\/\">Kawasaki<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/let\/\">Let Kunovice<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/piper\/\">Piper<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sud-aviation\/\">Sud Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/yakovlev\/\">Yakovlev<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mikoyan\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aerospatiale\/\" class=\"was\">A&#233;rospatiale<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/antonov\/\" class=\"was\">Antonov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/dassault\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/douglas\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/max-holste\/\" class=\"was\">Max Holste<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\" class=\"was\">Mil<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Malagasy Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Malagasy Air Force called in French?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air malgache, the form used by Wikipedia and by African Aerospace. An official Malagasy-language name for the air force was not found in a government source, and the defence ministry&rsquo;s website did not show any air force pages when checked.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Madagascar have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not any more. defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2026 profile lists no combat squadron and says the air force&rsquo;s combat capabilities have all but disappeared. From 1979 Madagascar flew four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\">MiG-17F<\/a>s from North Korea and, in the 1980s, ten <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21bis<\/a> and two MiG-21UM trainers, but no retirement date was found.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Madagascar fly MiG-21s?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. According to Wikipedia, citing Tom Cooper&rsquo;s African MiGs, Madagascar received ten <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21bis<\/a> fighters and two MiG-21UM trainers in the 1980s, after four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\">MiG-17F<\/a>s from North Korea in 1979. No combat use is recorded in the sources checked.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Malagasy Air Force fly today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">defenceWeb (May 2026) lists a Let L-410, a CN-235M, five Cessna 206s, four Cessna 172s and several other light aircraft, two to four Yak-40 VIP jets, light trainers, and helicopters: AS 350 Ecureuils, two Alouette IIs, an H130 and a BK 117. Much of the fleet is described as inoperable.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When was the Malagasy Air Force founded?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">In 1960, at independence, with former French aircraft such as DC-3s, Broussards and Flamants, according to Wikipedia and African Aerospace. No exact founding date was found.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the air force do in the October 2025 takeover?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No air force role is recorded in the sources checked. The takeover was led by the army&rsquo;s CAPSAT unit, which on 12 October 2025, Al Jazeera reported, declared that all orders to land, air and naval forces would come from its headquarters. Reuters reported, as cited by Wikipedia, that President Rajoelina left on a French military aircraft; France did not confirm it.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the Malagasy Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">defenceWeb names General Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana as commander as of January 2026. The Chief of General Staff is General D&#233;mosth&#232;ne Pikulas and the head of state is Colonel Michael Randrianirina.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is the Malagasy Air Force based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">defenceWeb gives its headquarters as Ivato Air Base at Antananarivo. Wikipedia names Arivonimamo, near Antananarivo, as the main base, and African Aerospace describes the Arivonimamo Tactical Air Base as the training site for the aircraft delivered in 2019.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Madagascar still have its CN-235?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The sources disagree. African Aerospace reported a CN-235 delivered in June 2019; Wikipedia says it was resold in 2021, while defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2026 profile still lists one CN235M.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Malagasy Air Force called in French?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Arm\\u00e9e de l'air malgache, the form used by Wikipedia and by African Aerospace. An official Malagasy-language name for the air force was not found in a government source, and the defence ministry\\u2019s website did not show any air force pages when checked.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Madagascar have fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not any more. defenceWeb\\u2019s 2026 profile lists no combat squadron and says the air force\\u2019s combat capabilities have all but disappeared. From 1979 Madagascar flew four MiG-17Fs from North Korea and, in the 1980s, ten MiG-21bis and two MiG-21UM trainers, but no retirement date was found.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Madagascar fly MiG-21s?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. According to Wikipedia, citing Tom Cooper\\u2019s African MiGs, Madagascar received ten MiG-21bis fighters and two MiG-21UM trainers in the 1980s, after four MiG-17Fs from North Korea in 1979. No combat use is recorded in the sources checked.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Malagasy Air Force fly today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"defenceWeb (May 2026) lists a Let L-410, a CN-235M, five Cessna 206s, four Cessna 172s and several other light aircraft, two to four Yak-40 VIP jets, light trainers, and helicopters: AS 350 Ecureuils, two Alouette IIs, an H130 and a BK 117. Much of the fleet is described as inoperable.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When was the Malagasy Air Force founded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In 1960, at independence, with former French aircraft such as DC-3s, Broussards and Flamants, according to Wikipedia and African Aerospace. No exact founding date was found.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the air force do in the October 2025 takeover?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No air force role is recorded in the sources checked. The takeover was led by the army\\u2019s CAPSAT unit, which on 12 October 2025, Al Jazeera reported, declared that all orders to land, air and naval forces would come from its headquarters. Reuters reported, as cited by Wikipedia, that President Rajoelina left on a French military aircraft; France did not confirm it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the Malagasy Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"defenceWeb names General Rabemizana Toky Fihandrianana as commander as of January 2026. The Chief of General Staff is General D\\u00e9mosth\\u00e8ne Pikulas and the head of state is Colonel Michael Randrianirina.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is the Malagasy Air Force based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"defenceWeb gives its headquarters as Ivato Air Base at Antananarivo. Wikipedia names Arivonimamo, near Antananarivo, as the main base, and African Aerospace describes the Arivonimamo Tactical Air Base as the training site for the aircraft delivered in 2019.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Madagascar still have its CN-235?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The sources disagree. African Aerospace reported a CN-235 delivered in June 2019; Wikipedia says it was resold in 2021, while defenceWeb\\u2019s 2026 profile still lists one CN235M.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Malagasy Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis and MiG-21UM<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F<\/b><em>1979&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im ph12\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8<\/b><em>1976&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/african-militaries\/madagascar\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Madagascar (African militaries profile), Armand Liebenberg, 3 March 2026, updated 28 May 2026<\/a><span>Aircraft table, squadrons, HQ Ivato, about 500 personnel, commander as of January 2026, budget, October 2025 takeover, Russian deliveries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanaerospace.aero\/aircraft-boost-for-madagascar.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">African Aerospace: Aircraft boost for Madagascar, Erwan de Cherisey, 13 November 2019<\/a><span>June 2019 deliveries (CN-235, AS 350 B2, BK 117, Cessna 206); history from 1960; MiG-17s from North Korea; Alouette II losses in 2015 and 2019; Arivonimamo training.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/10\/12\/madagascar-president-says-attempt-to-seize-power-illegally-under-way\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Al Jazeera: Madagascar president says attempt to seize power illegally under way, 12 October 2025<\/a><span>CAPSAT installs Gen. Pikulas and claims command of land, air and naval forces; CAPSAT&rsquo;s role in 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/FMMA\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Antananarivo Arivonimamo Airport (FMMA)<\/a><span>Community data: coordinates, elevation 4,757 ft, runway 12\/30 2,511 m paved, unlit.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Rand-wi \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Master Sergeant Dave Casey \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Arpingstone \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Md Shaifuzzaman \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Julian Herzog \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: Aeroprints.com \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: PizzaKing13 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Huhu Uet \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Hugo LUC \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Matthias Zepper \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: George Chernilevsky \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-hero-malagasy-air-force.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-mg-t-524.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-mg-t-525.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-mg-t-526.jpg)!important}#mfam 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