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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; China<\/div>\n<h1>Chengdu<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co., Ltd. &middot; Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) &middot; Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group (CAIG)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A Soviet-aided plant known only as Factory 132 turned an incomplete MiG-21 package into thousands of J-7s, then gave China the J-10, Asia&rsquo;s first stealth fighter and the tailless J-36.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1958<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>12<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>25<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Z3144228 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>China<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1958<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Huangtianba, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Chengdu: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Factory 132<\/h3>\n<p>On 18 October 1958 builders broke ground in Chengdu, deep in Sichuan province, for a fighter plant that the Soviet Union had agreed to help China build two years earlier. It had no name, only a number: the National 132nd Factory. Construction took six years. When it was essentially finished in October 1964 the plant covered 507.4 hectares, had cost 180 million yuan and employed 10,485 people &mdash; and the following month <span class=\"imp\">its first J-5, a Chinese-built MiG-17<\/span>, made a successful maiden flight. A two-seat trainer version, the FT-5, followed in May 1966. That same year the Cultural Revolution swept the country, and the factory was placed under military control until 1972.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A MiG without the full manual<\/h3>\n<p>The aircraft that made Chengdu&rsquo;s name arrived as a gift with pieces missing. In February 1962 Nikita Khrushchev unexpectedly offered Mao Zedong the MiG-21, and complete aircraft, kits, parts and documents followed. Chinese engineers found the paperwork incomplete &mdash; by one Chinese account, 256 important items of technical data were missing &mdash; and set about <span class=\"imp\">reverse engineering what the Soviets had left out<\/span>. The result was the J-7. Production began at Shenyang but moved to Chengdu and Guizhou, and Chengdu turned it into an export staple: by 1985 a new 80,642-square-metre workshop could build almost 200 J-7s a year. When the line closed in May 2013, after 16 F-7BGIs for Bangladesh, about 2,400 J-7s had been built across all three plants.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Motorcycles, maglevs and MD-80s<\/h3>\n<p>The 1980s brought a stranger chapter. Introduced to the outside world as Chengdu Aircraft Company in 1979, the plant went looking for civilian work. It built motorcycle engines &mdash; becoming one of China&rsquo;s 19 motorcycle production sites &mdash; as well as moulds, model aircraft, windows and dry-cleaning machinery. In 1988 it became a subcontractor on the McDonnell Douglas MD-80, delivering its first nose section in 1991, and it went on to build tail sections for the Boeing 757 and parts for Airbus. It even built two cars of a trainset for the Shanghai maglev line. <span class=\"imp\">A secret fighter factory had learned to work to Western standards<\/span>, and that lesson would matter.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Vigorous Dragon<\/h3>\n<p>Chengdu&rsquo;s design brain came from the north. In May 1970 the Shenyang team designing the J-9 interceptor was moved to Chengdu under the Third Front policy of shifting defence industry inland, and became the 611 Institute. The J-9 was cancelled in 1980 without flying, but its canard layout lived on. In February 1984 the institute&rsquo;s proposal &mdash; a design in the mould of Saab&rsquo;s Viggen &mdash; won China&rsquo;s new fighter competition, and Song Wencong, a Korean War veteran who had worked on the J-9, became chief designer at 56. <span class=\"imp\">The J-10 flew on 23 March 1998<\/span> with Lei Qiang at the controls. Western reports linked it to Israel&rsquo;s cancelled Lavi; Song and Chinese officers credited the J-9 instead.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Thunder for Pakistan<\/h3>\n<p>The JF-17 grew out of sanctions. Pakistan&rsquo;s Project Sabre II, an F-7 redesign studied with the American firm Grumman, died in 1989; Grumman also walked away from China&rsquo;s Super 7 after the Tiananmen Square protests. In its place came the Fighter China-1 project in 1991, and in June 1999 China and Pakistan signed to develop and build it together. Under general designer Yang Wei, the prototype flew on 25 August 2003, <span class=\"imp\">less than four years from a standing start<\/span>. Pakistan named it JF-17 Thunder. The first 50 Block 1 aircraft were completed in December 2013, 58 per cent of them in Pakistan, and more than 200 have since been built, with sales to Myanmar, Nigeria and Azerbaijan.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A stealth fighter on the day Gates came<\/h3>\n<p>On 11 January 2011, while US Defence Secretary Robert Gates was visiting Beijing, the first J-20 prototype, numbered 2001, flew for about 15 minutes with a J-10B chasing it. Gates asked President Hu Jintao about the timing directly; Hu said the test had nothing to do with the visit and appeared surprised to be asked. The J-20 entered service in March 2017, <span class=\"imp\">making China the second country to field an operational stealth fighter<\/span>, and a two-seat version, the J-20S, began flight testing in 2021 as the first two-seat stealth fighter. Its designer, Yang Wei, had become director of the institute at 38. In 2026 his name was removed from the Chinese Academy of Sciences roster during an anti-corruption crackdown on the defence industry.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Tested in battle, seen in the sky<\/h3>\n<p>In May 2025 Chengdu&rsquo;s fighters went to war. Pakistani J-10CEs, firing Chinese PL-15 missiles, fought the Indian Air Force in a stand-off battle involving more than 114 aircraft. Pakistan claimed five Indian aircraft, including three Rafales; a US official told Reuters he assessed with high confidence that J-10s had shot down at least two Indian jets. It was the J-10&rsquo;s first combat use, and shares in Chengdu&rsquo;s listed parent jumped. Months earlier, on 26 December 2024, <span class=\"imp\">a huge tailless three-engined aircraft<\/span> had flown over Chengdu chased by a J-20S. Analysts call it the J-36. Chengdu showed a structural mock-up in September 2026; it is expected in service in the early 2030s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">I asked President Hu about it directly, and he said that the test had absolutely nothing to do with my visit and there had been a pre-planned test.<cite>Robert Gates &middot; US Secretary of Defense, speaking to reporters in Beijing after the J-20&rsquo;s first flight, January 2011<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Chengdu in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1958<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Construction of the National 132nd Factory began on 18 October 1958 with Soviet assistance<\/li>\n<li>Introduced to the outside world as Chengdu Aircraft Company in 1979<\/li>\n<li>Design partner: AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (611 Institute), founded 1970<\/li>\n<li>Subsidiary of AVIC; about 20,000 employees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>J-7, J-10, JF-17, J-20<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>J-7 family: about 2,400 built at Shenyang, Chengdu and Guizhou<\/li>\n<li>J-10: more than 600 by 2024 (IISS)<\/li>\n<li>JF-17: more than 200, co-produced with Pakistan<\/li>\n<li>J-20: about 500 by mid-2026 (estimate)<\/li>\n<li>Wing Loong drones exported to the Middle East and Africa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>China&rsquo;s stealth-fighter maker<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>J-20 in production; J-36 in flight test<\/li>\n<li>Listed through AVIC Chengfei since February 2025 (stock code 302132)<\/li>\n<li>J-10 combat debut with Pakistan in May 2025<\/li>\n<li>Chairman Wang Guangya<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Chengdu does not publish production totals; fleet figures are external estimates.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 20,000<\/dd>\n<dt>Plant area on completion<\/dt>\n<dd>507.4 hectares<span class=\"gnote\">1964<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Workforce on completion<\/dt>\n<dd>10,485<span class=\"gnote\">1964<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Construction investment<\/dt>\n<dd>180 million yuan<span class=\"gnote\">1958&ndash;1964<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>J-7 production capacity<\/dt>\n<dd>almost 200 a year<span class=\"gnote\">1985<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>J-7 export markets<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 10 countries<\/dd>\n<dt>J-10s built<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 600<span class=\"gnote\">2024<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>J-20s built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 500 (estimate)<span class=\"gnote\">mid-2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Chengdu aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>J-20S<\/b><em>Two-seat stealth fighter &middot; first flight 2021<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Hiroki.loh.st \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>J-5 (Chengdu-built)<\/td>\n<td>Fighter, licence-built MiG-17<\/td>\n<td>1964<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>First aircraft produced at Factory 132<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FT-5 (JJ-5)<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat jet trainer<\/td>\n<td>1966<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two-seat development of the J-5; export name FT-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-7 \/ F-7<\/td>\n<td>Lightweight fighter (MiG-21 derivative)<\/td>\n<td>1966<\/td>\n<td>about 2,400 (all plants)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built at Shenyang, Chengdu and Guizhou; over 20 export variants; PLAAF retired it in 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-7I (J-7A)<\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1970<\/td>\n<td>188<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Chengdu&rsquo;s first improved J-7; 40 went to North Korea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-9<\/td>\n<td>Interceptor (cancelled)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Cancelled in 1980 before flying; its canard layout shaped the J-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-10<\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td>more than 600 (2024)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Exported to Pakistan and Uzbekistan; first combat in May 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>JF-17 Thunder \/ FC-1 Xiaolong<\/td>\n<td>Lightweight multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>more than 200<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Developed with Pakistan Aeronautical Complex; also flown by Myanmar, Nigeria and Azerbaijan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-20<\/td>\n<td>Stealth air-superiority fighter<\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>about 500 (mid-2026)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Entered service in March 2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-20S<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat stealth fighter<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First two-seat stealth fighter; service entry announced 3 September 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J-36<\/td>\n<td>Heavy tailless stealth aircraft<\/td>\n<td>2024<\/td>\n<td>at least 5 prototypes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>First publicly observed on that date; three engines, no vertical fins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wing Loong I (GJ-1)<\/td>\n<td>Medium-altitude long-endurance drone<\/td>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Exported to countries including Egypt, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and the UAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wing Loong II<\/td>\n<td>Armed long-endurance drone<\/td>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Used by the UAE in Libya and by Pakistan in 2024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Chengdu aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">25 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Chengdu types. <span class=\"imp\">20 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/nigerian-air-force\/\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">PAC\/CAC JF-17 Thunder Block II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7NI and FT-7NI<\/a>, CAIG Wing Loong II<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-air-force\/\">Pakistan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">PAC\/CAC JF-17 Thunder (Block I, II, III and JF-17B)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-10-vigorous-dragon\/\">Chengdu J-10CE<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7P and F-7PG (with FT-7 trainers)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">PAC\/CAC JF-17 Block III<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-20-mighty-dragon\/\">Chengdu J-20 Mighty Dragon (J-20, J-20A, J-20S)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-10-vigorous-dragon\/\">Chengdu J-10 Vigorous Dragon (J-10A\/S\/B\/C)<\/a>, Guizhou JL-9 and Chengdu JJ-7<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu J-7 (MiG-21 derivative)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/myanmar-air-force\/\">Myanmar Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">PAC\/CAC JF-17 Thunder Block 2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7M\/F-7IIK and FT-7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/uzbekistan-air-and-air-defence-forces\/\">Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-10-vigorous-dragon\/\">Chengdu J-10CE<\/a>, CAIG Wing Loong I<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ivorian-air-force\/\">Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/a><\/td>\n<td>AVIC Wing Loong II<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7II\/IIN and FT-7 (J-7 export)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/azerbaijani-air-forces\/\">Azerbaijani Air Forces<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">PAC\/CAC JF-17C Thunder Block III<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bangladesh-air-force\/\">Bangladesh Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7MB, F-7BG, F-7BGI and FT-7<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-10-vigorous-dragon\/\">Chengdu J-10CE<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/egyptian-air-force\/\">Egyptian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>CAIG Wing Loong I\/II and other drones<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu J-7 (F-7)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ethiopian-air-force\/\">Ethiopian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>AVIC Wing Loong<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/islamic-republic-of-iran-air-force\/\">Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7N and FT-7N<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/kazakh-air-defense-forces\/\">Kazakh Air Defense Forces<\/a><\/td>\n<td>CAIG Wing Loong<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/korean-peoples-army-air-force\/\">Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7 (J-7)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/libyan-air-force\/\">Libyan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>CAIG Wing Loong \/ Wing Loong II, PAC\/CAC JF-17 Thunder<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/namibian-air-force\/\">Namibian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7NM and FT-7NM<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sri-lanka-air-force\/\">Sri Lanka Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7BS, F-7GS and FT-7<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu FT-7 (ex-Pakistan Air Force)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sudanese-air-force\/\">Sudanese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu F-7M (J-7)<\/a>, PAC\/CAC JF-17 Thunder<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/tanzania-air-force-command\/\">Tanzania Air Force Command<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">Chengdu J-7G and two-seat F-7TN \/ FT-7<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu F-7A \/ F-7B and FT-7, and F-7N<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-arab-emirates-air-force\/\">United Arab Emirates Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>CAIG Wing Loong II<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/albanian-air-force\/\">Albanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu F-7A<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/algerian-air-force\/\">Algerian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Chengdu J-10C<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indonesian-air-force\/\">Indonesian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Chengdu J-10 (reported)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-naval-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Naval Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/j-10-vigorous-dragon\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu J-10<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/yemeni-air-force\/\">Yemeni Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\" class=\"was\">Chengdu F-7 Airguard<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Chengdu built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Chengdu airframe plant<\/b> &middot; Huangtianba, Qingyang District, Chengdu &mdash; Original Factory 132 site and main fighter assembly plant<\/li>\n<li><b>Wenjiang airfield<\/b> &middot; Wenjiang District, Chengdu &mdash; Company-owned flight-test airfield with its own railway siding; JF-17 taxi trials began here in 2003<\/li>\n<li><b>Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (611 Institute)<\/b> &middot; 89 Wuhouci Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu &mdash; Design partner since 1970; designed the J-10, J-20, FC-1 and Wing Loong<\/li>\n<li><b>Chengdu Engine Company<\/b> &middot; Chengdu &mdash; Founded as Chengdu Aero-Engine Factory in 1958 on a 137-hectare site<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Song Wencong<\/b> &middot; chief designer of the J-10 &mdash; 1930&ndash;2016; Korean War veteran, worked on the J-9 before leading the J-10<\/li>\n<li><b>Yang Wei<\/b> &middot; general designer of the FC-1\/JF-17 and J-20 &mdash; Born 1963; director of the design institute at 38; removed from the Chinese Academy of Sciences roster in 2026<\/li>\n<li><b>Lei Qiang<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the J-10 on its first flight, 23 March 1998<\/li>\n<li><b>Li Gang<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the J-20 on its first flight, 11 January 2011<\/li>\n<li><b>Tu Jida<\/b> &middot; former chief designer at the design institute<\/li>\n<li><b>Wang Guangya<\/b> &middot; chairman<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>J-20: made China the second country to field an operational stealth fighter, March 2017<\/li>\n<li>J-20S: the first two-seat stealth fighter<\/li>\n<li>FC-1\/JF-17: first flight less than four years after work began from scratch, described as a Chinese record<\/li>\n<li>J-7: production ran for almost 50 years until May 2013<\/li>\n<li>J-10: first combat use in May 2025, in a battle involving more than 114 aircraft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Chengdu, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>China and the Soviet Union sign an aviation aid agreement covering fighter plant No. 132<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>Construction of the National 132nd Factory begins in Chengdu<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>First Chengdu-built J-5 makes its maiden flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1966<\/div>\n<p>Cultural Revolution: plant placed under military control until 1972<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>Shenyang J-9 design team moves to Chengdu, becoming the 611 Institute<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1979<\/div>\n<p>Plant introduced to the outside world as Chengdu Aircraft Company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1984<\/div>\n<p>Chengdu&rsquo;s design selected for the fighter that becomes the J-10<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>Subcontract to build parts for the McDonnell Douglas MD-80<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the J-10<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>China and Pakistan sign to develop the FC-1\/Super 7 together<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2003<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the FC-1\/JF-17 prototype<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the J-20 during Robert Gates&rsquo;s visit to China<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>J-7 production ends after almost 50 years<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>J-20 enters service<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>J-36 tailless trijet first seen flying over Chengdu<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>Listed parent renamed AVIC Chengfei after acquiring the group<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>Pakistani J-10CEs see combat against India<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>Structural mock-up of the J-36 shown<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Chengdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/shenyang\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Shenyang<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The J-9 design team moved from Shenyang&rsquo;s 601 Institute to Chengdu in 1970 to form the 611 Institute; J-7 production also moved from Shenyang<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Shenyang page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Chengdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What aircraft does Chengdu Aircraft Corporation make?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Its best-known types are the J-7, the J-10, the JF-17 (with Pakistan) and the J-20 stealth fighter. It also builds Wing Loong drones and airliner parts, and is flight-testing the aircraft analysts call the J-36.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the J-10 combat proven?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Pakistani J-10CEs fought the Indian Air Force in May 2025, the type&rsquo;s first combat. Pakistan claimed five Indian aircraft including three Rafales; a US official assessed with high confidence that J-10s downed at least two Indian jets.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the JF-17 Chinese or Pakistani?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Both. It was developed jointly by Chengdu and the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex and is built in both countries; China calls it the FC-1 Xiaolong.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who designed the J-20?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute, with Yang Wei as chief designer. It first flew on 11 January 2011.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the J-36?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">An analysts&rsquo; name for a large tailless, three-engined stealth aircraft built by Chengdu and first seen flying on 26 December 2024. At least five prototypes are reported, with service expected in the early 2030s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who owns Chengdu Aircraft Corporation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is a subsidiary of the state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). Since 2025 it has been held through the listed company AVIC Chengfei.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does Chengdu Aircraft Corporation make?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Its best-known types are the J-7, the J-10, the JF-17 (with Pakistan) and the J-20 stealth fighter. It also builds Wing Loong drones and airliner parts, and is flight-testing the aircraft analysts call the J-36.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the J-10 combat proven?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Pakistani J-10CEs fought the Indian Air Force in May 2025, the type\\u2019s first combat. 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At least five prototypes are reported, with service expected in the early 2030s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns Chengdu Aircraft Corporation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is a subsidiary of the state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). Since 2025 it has been held through the listed company AVIC Chengfei.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Chengdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/harbin\/\"><span class=\"rk\">China<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Harbin<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born as a repair shop in a former Japanese aircraft factory in Manchuria, Harbin assembled China&rsquo;s first helicopter and first jet bombers, put a Chinese aircraft&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Harbin page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hongdu\/\"><span class=\"rk\">China<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hongdu<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born as a joint venture between Chiang Kai-shek and Mussolini, the Nanchang works became China&rsquo;s school of the air, building thousands of trainers, the Q-5 attack&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hongdu page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_Aircraft_Corporation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu Aircraft Corporation &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group &mdash; Chinese Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_J-7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu J-7 &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AD%BC-7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">J-7 &mdash; Chinese Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_J-10\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu J-10 &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CAC\/PAC_JF-17_Thunder\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CAC\/PAC JF-17 Thunder &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_J-20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu J-20 &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_J-36\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu J-36 &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_Pterodactyl_I\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu Wing Loong (Pterodactyl I) &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CAIG Wing Loong II &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_J-9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu J-9 &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chengdu_Aircraft_Design_Institute\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Song_Wencong\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Song Wencong &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yang_Wei_(aircraft_designer)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yang Wei (aircraft designer) &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_conflict\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2025 India&ndash;Pakistan conflict &mdash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w11-pk-t-49.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w10-cn-t-0.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; China Chengdu AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co., Ltd. &middot; Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) &middot; Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group (CAIG) A Soviet-aided plant known only as Factory 132 turned an incomplete MiG-21 package into thousands of J-7s, then gave China the J-10, Asia&rsquo;s first stealth fighter and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31553","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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