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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United States<\/div>\n<h1>Consolidated Aircraft<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Consolidated Aircraft Corporation &middot; Consair<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Founded by the major who ran America&rsquo;s first air mail, Consolidated gave the world the PBY Catalina and the B-24 Liberator, the most-produced bomber in history, then vanished into Convair after just twenty years.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1923<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/convair\/\">Convair<\/a> in 1943<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>14<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>25<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United States<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1923-05-29<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Reuben Hollis Fleet<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>San Diego, California (Buffalo, New York, until 1935)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/convair\/\">Convair<\/a> in 1943<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Consolidated Aircraft: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Fifty aeroplanes for a dollar each<\/h3>\n<p>In 1927 the United States Congress decided that a young aircraft maker in Buffalo had earned excess profits of $300,000 on its Army trainers. Refunding the money would simply have sent it into the Treasury. So Consolidated offered the Army 50 more trainers for one dollar apiece instead, and the Army, which got the aeroplanes, was delighted. It was a typical Reuben Fleet answer: quick, commercial and slightly cheeky. Within fifteen years the same company would be building <span class=\"imp\">the most-produced bomber in history<\/span>, and the man who had haggled with Congress over trainers would be selling his stake for more than ten million dollars.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The major who ran the air mail<\/h3>\n<p>Fleet was born in Montesano, Washington, in 1887, made his money in timber and real estate and became the youngest member of the state legislature in 1915. In 1917 he joined the Army&rsquo;s aviation section, earned Junior Military Aviator wings No. 74 at North Island, San Diego, and in May 1918 was put in charge of the first scheduled US air mail between New York and Washington. The famous Inverted Jenny stamp was misprinted on his watch. After a spell as the Air Service&rsquo;s chief contracting officer at McCook Field he resigned in November 1922, joined Gallaudet, and on 29 May 1923 formed Consolidated by renting Gallaudet&rsquo;s Rhode Island factory and buying Dayton-Wright&rsquo;s trainer designs from General Motors. The name said exactly what it was.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Trainers, flying boats and a record over the Pacific<\/h3>\n<p>The first product was the Dayton-Wright TW-3, sold to the Army as the PT-1 Trusty; 221 were built, and the Navy took a float version, the NY. In 1924 the company moved into the government-built Curtiss plant in Buffalo. It went public in 1929, set up Fleet Aircraft to sell civil trainers and bought Thomas-Morse. Then came the flying boats. The 20-passenger Commodore carried the New York, Rio and Buenos Aires Line down to Argentina from February 1930, and in January 1934 six Navy P2Ys flew non-stop from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor, 2,399 miles, a straight-line distance record and a record for formation flying.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Sunshine for seaplanes<\/h3>\n<p>Buffalo winters were no place to test flying boats, and Fleet had fallen for San Diego back in 1911, when his National Guard unit was sent south to keep an eye on labour agitators. In late 1935 he moved the whole company west. Building 1, a 247,000-square-foot continuous-flow factory beside Lindbergh Field, opened on 20 October 1935 and some 30,000 residents came to watch. His operating head, Lawrence Bell, stayed behind and started Bell Aircraft in the old Buffalo plant. In San Diego, chief engineer Isaac Laddon&rsquo;s XP3Y-1 became the PBY, and in 1937 the Navy ordered 60 of them for $22 million, the largest single military aircraft order since the First World War.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">No thank you, Boeing<\/h3>\n<p>The Catalina went on to find the battleship Bismarck in May 1941 and to spot the Japanese fleet approaching Midway in June 1942; with licence production more than 3,300 were built. But the bigger break came when the Army asked Consolidated to build Boeing&rsquo;s B-17 under licence. Fleet and his executives visited Seattle and came home with a different idea: a bomber of their own, combining David R. Davis&rsquo;s long, slender, high-efficiency wing with the twin tail of the Model 31 flying boat. The contract came in March 1939 and the XB-24 flew on 29 December 1939, about nine months later, with a tricycle undercarriage that was new on so large an aircraft. France ordered 60 of them sight unseen.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Forty-five thousand people<\/h3>\n<p>The Liberator became a production phenomenon: roughly 18,500 by September 1945 from five plants, including Ford&rsquo;s Willow Run, where at peak a bomber left the line every 59 minutes. Consolidated&rsquo;s own San Diego works built 6,726, and a new government plant at Fort Worth opened in 1942. By late 1941 Consolidated was San Diego&rsquo;s biggest employer with 25,000 people, and by 1942 it had 45,000; in 1943 four in ten were women. Yet Fleet himself was gone. In November 1941, three weeks before Pearl Harbor and under pressure to retire, he sold his 34 per cent stake for about $10.9 million to Victor Emanuel&rsquo;s Aviation Corporation, which already owned Vultee.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Becoming Convair<\/h3>\n<p>The logic of that sale played out on 17 March 1943, when Consolidated and Vultee formally merged as Consolidated Vultee Aircraft, soon known simply as Convair. Several Consolidated designs finished their stories under the new name: the PB4Y-2 Privateer, the B-32 Dominator, which flew the war&rsquo;s last American air combat mission on 18 August 1945, and the giant B-36, which the company had decided in 1942 to build at Fort Worth. That Texas plant still builds fighters, the F-16 and the F-35, for Lockheed Martin. Fleet lived until 29 October 1975 and is remembered in San Diego by the science centre that carries his name.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">the good old Consolidated Commodore was the most reliable, trusty air craft of the Pan American fleet during the early 1930s<cite>Marius Lodeesen &middot; Pan American pilot, recalling Commodore service in the 1930s<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Nothing short of right is right<cite>Reuben H. Fleet &middot; his business motto, as preserved by the Fleet family history site<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Consolidated Aircraft in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1923<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Formed on 29 May 1923 by Major Reuben H. Fleet from Gallaudet&rsquo;s factory and Dayton-Wright&rsquo;s designs<\/li>\n<li>East Greenwich, Rhode Island, then Buffalo from 1924, then San Diego from 1935<\/li>\n<li>Went public in 1929; owned subsidiary Fleet Aircraft and bought Thomas-Morse and Hall-Aluminum<\/li>\n<li>Fleet sold control to AVCO in November 1941<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>PBY Catalina and B-24 Liberator<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Trainers first: PT-1, NY, PT-3<\/li>\n<li>Flying boats: Commodore, P2Y, PBY Catalina, PB2Y Coronado<\/li>\n<li>Bombers: B-24 Liberator, B-32 Dominator, PB4Y-2 Privateer<\/li>\n<li>B-24: about 18,500 built by all plants, the most-produced bomber ever<\/li>\n<li>PBY: 3,308 built including licence production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Merged into Convair, 1943<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Merged with Vultee on 17 March 1943 to form Consolidated Vultee (Convair)<\/li>\n<li>Convair became part of General Dynamics in 1953&ndash;54<\/li>\n<li>The Fort Worth plant Consolidated opened in 1942 now builds the F-35 for Lockheed Martin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Los Angeles-based Consolidated Steel Corporation is unrelated.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>B-24s built, all plants<\/dt>\n<dd>18,482 by September 1945 (other references give 18,188 or about 18,500)<\/dd>\n<dt>B-24s built at San Diego<\/dt>\n<dd>6,726<\/dd>\n<dt>PBY Catalinas built<\/dt>\n<dd>3,308 including Canadian and other licence production<\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>25,000<span class=\"gnote\">autumn 1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>45,000<span class=\"gnote\">1942<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Share of women in workforce<\/dt>\n<dd>40 per cent<span class=\"gnote\">1943<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Price of Fleet&rsquo;s 34.26% stake<\/dt>\n<dd>$10.9 million<span class=\"gnote\">1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>San Diego Building 1 floor area<\/dt>\n<dd>247,000 sq ft (about 22,900 square metres)<span class=\"gnote\">1935<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Consolidated Aircraft aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/b><em>Patrol flying boat and amphibian &middot; first flight 1935 &middot; 3,308 incl. licence built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Consolidated B-24 Liberator<\/b><em>Heavy bomber &middot; first flight 1939 &middot; about 18,500 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer<\/b><em>Maritime patrol bomber &middot; first flight 1943 &middot; 739 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: US Navy &#183; Public domain; USAAF &#183; Public domain<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated PT-1 Trusty<\/td>\n<td>Primary trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>221<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dayton-Wright TW-3 design; Consolidated Model 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated NY<\/td>\n<td>Navy trainer, land or float<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>302<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Naval version of the PT-1; retired 1939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated PT-3<\/td>\n<td>Primary trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated O-17 Courier<\/td>\n<td>Observation and training<\/td>\n<td>1927<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Used by the National Guard; three similar aircraft to Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated Commodore<\/td>\n<td>Passenger flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flown by NYRBA to Buenos Aires from 1930, later by Pan Am<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated Fleetster<\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>All-metal monocoque fuselage, designed for NYRBA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated P2Y<\/td>\n<td>Patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1932<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Six made the record San Francisco&ndash;Pearl Harbor formation flight in 1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated P-30 \/ PB-2<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Air Corps fighter with retractable gear, enclosed heated cockpit and turbo-supercharger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Patrol flying boat and amphibian<\/td>\n<td>1935<\/td>\n<td>3,308 incl. licence<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Most numerous flying boat of the war; found the Bismarck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated PB2Y Coronado<\/td>\n<td>Patrol bomber flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1937<\/td>\n<td>217<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Also used as transport and hospital aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated XP4Y Corregidor (Model 31)<\/td>\n<td>Patrol flying boat prototype<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Order for 200 cancelled; its twin tail went onto the B-24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Consolidated B-24 Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>about 18,500<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Most-produced bomber and American military aircraft ever; built in five plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated B-32 Dominator<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1942<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fallback for the B-29; flew the last American air combat of WWII<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol bomber<\/td>\n<td>1943<\/td>\n<td>739<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Single-tail naval B-24 derivative, completed under Convair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Consolidated Aircraft aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">25 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Consolidated Aircraft types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/argentine-naval-aviation\/\">Argentine Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/brazilian-air-force\/\">Brazilian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-state-aviation\/\">Canadian State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Canso<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/czech-air-force\/\">Czech Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Liberator GR V and C VI<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/dominican-air-force\/\">Dominican Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ecuadorian-air-force\/\">Ecuadorian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-naval-aviation\/\">French Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-state-aviation\/\">French State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/honduran-air-force\/\">Honduran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Consolidated P4Y-2 Privateer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/icelandic-coast-guard-aviation\/\">Icelandic Coast Guard Aviation Department<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-6A Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indian-air-force\/\">Indian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated B-24 Liberator (HAL-restored)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indonesian-air-force\/\">Indonesian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/paraguayan-air-force\/\">Paraguayan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-australian-air-force\/\">Royal Australian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated B-24 Liberator<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Canso and Catalina<\/a>, Consolidated Liberator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-danish-air-force\/\">Royal Danish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-5A and PBY-6A Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-new-zealand-air-force\/\">Royal New Zealand Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-5 and Boeing PB2B-1 Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-norwegian-air-force\/\">Royal Norwegian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated B-24J Liberator<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina IB\/III<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/turkish-air-force\/\">Turkish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated B-24D Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated B-24 Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-coast-guard-aviation\/\">United States Coast Guard Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY-5\/5A\/6A Catalina<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PB4Y-1 Liberator<\/a>, Consolidated P4Y-2G Privateer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-naval-aviation\/\">United States Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated PBY Catalina<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Consolidated Aircraft built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Gallaudet factory<\/b> &middot; East Greenwich, Rhode Island &mdash; Rented at the founding in 1923; left in 1924<\/li>\n<li><b>Buffalo plant<\/b> &middot; Buffalo, New York &mdash; Government-built Curtiss plant, 1924&ndash;1935; Bell Aircraft later started there<\/li>\n<li><b>Building 1, Lindbergh Field<\/b> &middot; San Diego, California &mdash; 247,000 sq ft continuous-flow factory opened 20 October 1935; built 6,726 B-24s<\/li>\n<li><b>Fort Worth plant (Air Force Plant 4)<\/b> &middot; Fort Worth, Texas &mdash; Government-owned, opened 1942 for the B-24; later B-32, B-36, F-16, F-35<\/li>\n<li><b>New Orleans plant<\/b> &middot; New Orleans, Louisiana &mdash; Built for the P4Y Corregidor, switched to PBY production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Reuben H. Fleet<\/b> &middot; founder and president, 1923&ndash;1941 &mdash; Ran the 1918 Aerial Mail Service; sold control three weeks before Pearl Harbor; died 1975<\/li>\n<li><b>Isaac M. Laddon<\/b> &middot; chief engineer &mdash; Directed the XP3Y-1 that became the PBY; later executive vice president of Convair<\/li>\n<li><b>Lawrence D. Bell<\/b> &middot; operating head, 1929&ndash;1934 &mdash; Stayed in Buffalo and founded Bell Aircraft<\/li>\n<li><b>David R. Davis<\/b> &middot; wing designer &mdash; His high-aspect-ratio Davis wing made the B-24<\/li>\n<li><b>Edgar Gott<\/b> &middot; vice president &mdash; Credited with securing the B-24 contract<\/li>\n<li><b>Victor Emanuel<\/b> &middot; president, Aviation Corporation (AVCO) &mdash; Bought Fleet&rsquo;s stake in 1941 and engineered the Vultee merger<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Six P2Y flying boats flew San Francisco to Pearl Harbor non-stop on 10&ndash;11 January 1934: 2,399 miles, a straight-line distance record and a formation-flying record<\/li>\n<li>The 1937 Navy order for 60 P3Y-1 (PBY-1) flying boats, $22 million, was the largest single military aircraft order since the First World War<\/li>\n<li>The P-30 was the first Air Corps fighter with retractable landing gear, an enclosed heated cockpit and an exhaust-driven turbo-supercharger<\/li>\n<li>The B-24 holds the records as the most-produced bomber, heavy bomber, multi-engine aircraft and American military aircraft in history<\/li>\n<li>A Model 28 Catalina flown by Richard Archbold made the first flight around the world at roughly the equator in 1938&ndash;1939<\/li>\n<li>A US Navy Catalina was credited with the first American air-to-air kill of a Japanese aircraft, on 10 December 1941<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Consolidated Aircraft, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>Major Reuben Fleet runs the first scheduled US air mail, New York to Washington<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Fleet organises Consolidated Aircraft in the Gallaudet factory at East Greenwich, Rhode Island<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>Move to the Curtiss plant in Buffalo; Navy orders the NY trainer<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1927<\/div>\n<p>Accused of excess profits, Consolidated supplies 50 extra trainers for a dollar each<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1929<\/div>\n<p>Company goes public; Fleet Aircraft formed; Thomas-Morse bought; Commodore first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1930<\/div>\n<p>Commodores begin NYRBA service from the United States to South America<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Six P2Ys fly non-stop San Francisco to Pearl Harbor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the XP3Y-1, prototype of the PBY Catalina<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>San Diego factory opens; 30,000 people attend<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>XB-24 Liberator first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>An RAF Catalina locates the battleship Bismarck<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Fleet sells his 34.26% stake to AVCO&rsquo;s Victor Emanuel for $10.9 million<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>Fort Worth plant starts B-24 production; employment reaches 45,000<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>B-32 Dominator first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>Merger with Vultee creates Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (Convair)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>A B-32 flies the last American air combat mission of the war<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Consolidated Aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/convair\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Convair<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merged with Vultee on 17 March 1943 as Consolidated Vultee Aircraft<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Convair page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/vultee\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Vultee<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merger partner, 1943<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Vultee page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fleet\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Fleet Aircraft<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Civil-trainer subsidiary set up by Fleet in 1929<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Fleet Aircraft page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bell<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Founded in Consolidated&rsquo;s vacated Buffalo plant by its former operating head, 1935<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bell page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Consolidated Aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who founded Consolidated Aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Major Reuben H. Fleet, a former Army aviator who had run the first US air mail service in 1918, founded it on 29 May 1923.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Consolidated Aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It merged with Vultee Aircraft on 17 March 1943 to form Consolidated Vultee Aircraft, known as Convair, which became part of General Dynamics in 1953&ndash;54.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many B-24 Liberators were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 18,500 by all five plants; one detailed count gives 18,482 by September 1945. Consolidated&rsquo;s San Diego plant alone built 6,726, and Ford built several thousand at Willow Run.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Consolidated move to San Diego?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Buffalo&rsquo;s frozen winters made it hard to test flying boats, and Fleet had liked San Diego since 1911. The new factory opened in October 1935.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Consolidated build the PBY Catalina?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. It designed the Catalina, first flown in 1935, and built most of them; with licence production in Canada and elsewhere, 3,308 were made.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who founded Consolidated Aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Major Reuben H. Fleet, a former Army aviator who had run the first US air mail service in 1918, founded it on 29 May 1923.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Consolidated Aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It merged with Vultee Aircraft on 17 March 1943 to form Consolidated Vultee Aircraft, known as Convair, which became part of General Dynamics in 1953\\u201354.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many B-24 Liberators were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 18,500 by all five plants; one detailed count gives 18,482 by September 1945. Consolidated\\u2019s San Diego plant alone built 6,726, and Ford built several thousand at Willow Run.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Consolidated move to San Diego?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Buffalo\\u2019s frozen winters made it hard to test flying boats, and Fleet had liked San Diego since 1911. The new factory opened in October 1935.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Consolidated build the PBY Catalina?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. It designed the Catalina, first flown in 1935, and built most of them; with licence production in Canada and elsewhere, 3,308 were made.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Consolidated Aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bell<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Buffalo firm that built America&rsquo;s first jet fighter and the first aircraft through the sound barrier reinvented itself as the helicopter company &mdash; and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bell page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Cessna<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Kansas farm boy&rsquo;s backyard monoplane grew into the company that has built more aeroplanes than anyone &mdash; from the Skyhawk most pilots learn on to the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Cessna page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_Aircraft\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated Aircraft, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sandiegoairandspace.org\/exhibits\/online-exhibit-page\/consolidated-convair-online-exhibit\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated Convair Online Exhibit, San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fleetscience.org\/press-room\/press-releases\/reuben-h-fleet-bio\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reuben H. Fleet Bio, Fleet Science Center<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuben_H._Fleet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reuben H. Fleet, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centennialofflight.net\/essay\/Aerospace\/Consolidated_Vultee\/Aero33.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated Vultee, US Centennial of Flight Commission<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated PBY Catalina, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated B-32 Dominator, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PB4Y-2_Privateer\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PB2Y_Coronado\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated PB2Y Coronado, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_Commodore\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated Commodore, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_Fleetster\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated Fleetster, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_P2Y\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated P2Y, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PB-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated P-30 (PB-2), Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated PT-1 Trusty, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_NY\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated NY, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_PT-3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated PT-3, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_O-17_Courier\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated O-17 Courier, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consolidated_Model_31\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consolidated XP4Y Corregidor, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Force_Plant_4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Air Force Plant 4, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1934_in_aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1934 in aviation, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reubenhfleet.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reuben H Fleet: Nothing Short of Right is Right (family history site)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convair\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Convair, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr2-consolidated-pby-catalina.jpg)!important}#mfam 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