{"id":32135,"date":"2026-10-08T14:16:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=32135"},"modified":"2026-10-08T18:33:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T16:33:01","slug":"vl","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/pt\/aircraft-manufacturers\/vl\/","title":{"rendered":"VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas)"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-32135 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-32135 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-32135 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-32135{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-32135 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-32135 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-32135 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy 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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Finland<\/div>\n<h1>VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas)<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Valtion lentokonetehdas (State Aircraft Factory) &middot; Ilmailuvoimien lentokonetehdas (IVL) &middot; VMT Lentokonetehdas<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Finland&rsquo;s state aircraft factory began on an island fortress with no runway, designed its own fighters in wartime from wood, and ended up making slide rules, locomotives and straddle carriers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1921<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/valmet\/\">Valmet<\/a> in 1946<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>12<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Finland<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1921<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Suomenlinna, Helsinki; Tampere (H&#228;rm&#228;l&#228;) from 1936<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/valmet\/\">Valmet<\/a> in 1946<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas): the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A factory in a sea fortress<\/h3>\n<p>Finland&rsquo;s aircraft industry began in 1921 as the Air Force Aircraft Factory, IVL, in the old dockyard buildings of the Suomenlinna sea fortress off Helsinki, with overhaul shops on nearby Santahamina. There was <span class=\"imp\">no airfield<\/span>: aircraft flew from the sea in summer and from the ice in winter. The first big job was the German Hansa-Brandenburg W.33 floatplane, built under licence as the IVL A.22 Hansa with a German technical director and five German craftsmen alongside a dozen Finns, an arrangement hampered by language problems. In November 1922 the first aircraft built in Finland was handed to the army, and 120 Hansas were completed by 1926, two of them for Latvia.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Licences, fiascos and committees<\/h3>\n<p>On 23 February 1928 the factory moved from the air force to the Ministry of Defence and became Valtion lentokonetehdas, the State Aircraft Factory, prefix VL. Designer Kurt Berger&rsquo;s fighters and tourers stayed as single prototypes, partly because of a hopeless Siemens-Halske engine, but his S&#228;&#228;ski trainer became the first Finnish-designed aircraft built in series, 38 of them at VL. The licence-built Koolhoven F.K.31 was a fiasco, grounded with its Dutch-built sisters and struck off in 1932. Three committees examined the factory in 1931&ndash;1932; the director resigned, and Berger left in 1933.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Arvo Ylinen and the move to Tampere<\/h3>\n<p>The new chief designer, Arvo Ylinen, fresh from studies in Berlin, began the Tuisku trainer as a spare-time project of the factory&rsquo;s young designers. Its prototype broke up in a diving test in January 1934; Ylinen publicly explained the cause, flutter, two months later and the type went on to serve until 1949. Suomenlinna was strategically exposed and too small, and after a fierce contest between towns, and despite Mannerheim&rsquo;s fear that an industrial city would be bombed, the factory moved in 1936 to H&#228;rm&#228;l&#228; in Tampere, where it built Finland&rsquo;s first wind tunnel in 1939. Staff grew from 665 in 1936 to 1,697 in 1941.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Wooden fighters for a country at war<\/h3>\n<p>War made the factory a repair and assembly shop first and a designer last. It licence-built Fokker D.XXI fighters and Bristol Blenheim bombers and serviced German Ju 88s, while dispersing work to Kokkola, Kylm&#228;koski, Pori, Kolho and the Karhum&#228;ki brothers&rsquo; plant at Kuorevesi. Short of metal and unable to buy fighters freely, it designed its own in wood. The Myrsky fighter flew in December 1941; all three pre-production aircraft were lost to flutter, killing two pilots, and only 51 were built. The Humu, a wooden-winged Brewster Buffalo copy, flew once in August 1944, and the Py&#246;rremyrsky, a wooden fighter with Bf 109G engine, flew only in November 1945.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Slide rules and straddle carriers<\/h3>\n<p>Peace ended the business almost overnight. Hoping the Soviet Union would not count their staff against Finland&rsquo;s armistice limits, the state transferred its arms factories to the trade ministry in September 1945, and on 29 September 1946 they became the civilian Valtion Metallitehtaat, later Valmet. The aircraft works made slide rules from propeller wood, then locomotives; designer Martti Vainio, who had written his doctorate on fighter turning combat, turned to designing them. Its most lasting invention was the straddle carrier for moving timber and containers, still built by Kalmar on the old Tampere factory site. Kuorevesi carried on as Valmet&rsquo;s aircraft works.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Finland&rsquo;s state aircraft factory began on an island fortress with no runway, designed its own fighters in wartime from wood, and ended up making slide rules, locomotives and straddle carriers.<cite>VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas) &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas) in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1921<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded as the Air Force Aircraft Factory (IVL) at Suomenlinna<\/li>\n<li>Renamed Valtion lentokonetehdas on 23 February 1928<\/li>\n<li>Moved to H&#228;rm&#228;l&#228;, Tampere, in 1936<\/li>\n<li>Merged into Valtion Metallitehtaat (Valmet) in 1946<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>VL Myrsky<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>120 IVL A.22 Hansa floatplanes<\/li>\n<li>38 S&#228;&#228;ski trainers, the first Finnish-designed series aircraft<\/li>\n<li>51 Myrsky fighters<\/li>\n<li>Licence production of Gamecock, Ripon, Moth, Smolik, Fokker D.XXI and Blenheim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Lineage to Patria<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Aircraft work continued at Kuorevesi under Valmet, later Patria<\/li>\n<li>Py&#246;rremyrsky prototype at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees at Tampere<\/dt>\n<dd>665<span class=\"gnote\">1936<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees at Tampere<\/dt>\n<dd>1,697<span class=\"gnote\">1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees at Kuorevesi<\/dt>\n<dd>750<span class=\"gnote\">1944<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>IVL A.22 Hansa built<\/dt>\n<dd>120<span class=\"gnote\">1922&ndash;1926<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Myrsky fighters built<\/dt>\n<dd>51<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas) aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>IVL A.22 Hansa<\/td>\n<td>Maritime reconnaissance floatplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>120<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Licence-built Hansa-Brandenburg W.33; two exported to Latvia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Caudron C.60 (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL S&#228;&#228;ski<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat trainer<\/td>\n<td>1928<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Finnish-designed aircraft built in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Blackburn Ripon (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and torpedo biplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Kotka<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol biplane<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Prototype plus five series aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Letov &#352;-218 Smolik (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Tuisku<\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Served until 1949; 11 lost in accidents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Viima<\/td>\n<td>Primary trainer<\/td>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Two prototypes, 20 for the air force, two for the Air Defence Guild<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Pyry<\/td>\n<td>Fighter trainer<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>In service 1939&ndash;1962; first aircraft designed in Tampere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Myrsky<\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>51<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Wooden fighter; prototypes lost to flutter; 68 combat missions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Humu<\/td>\n<td>Fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Wooden-winged copy of the Brewster Buffalo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VL Py&#246;rremyrsky<\/td>\n<td>Fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1945<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nicknamed Puu-Mersu, the wooden Messerschmitt; preserved at Tikkakoski<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas) built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Suomenlinna works<\/b> &middot; Suomenlinna, Helsinki &mdash; New aircraft built in the fortress dockyard, 1921&ndash;1936; no airfield<\/li>\n<li><b>Santahamina<\/b> &middot; Helsinki &mdash; Aircraft and engine overhaul<\/li>\n<li><b>H&#228;rm&#228;l&#228; works<\/b> &middot; Tampere &mdash; Main factory from 1936; Finland&rsquo;s first wind tunnel 1939<\/li>\n<li><b>Linnavuori engine works<\/b> &middot; Tampere &mdash; Rock tunnels; assembled Myrskys from 1943<\/li>\n<li><b>Kuorevesi (VL2)<\/b> &middot; Kuorevesi &mdash; Former Karhum&#228;ki brothers&rsquo; plant; final assembly and test flying<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Asser J&#228;rvinen<\/b> &middot; first director, 1921&ndash;1932<\/li>\n<li><b>Kurt Berger<\/b> &middot; first designer &mdash; Designed the S&#228;&#228;ski, Kotka and Haukka; left 1933<\/li>\n<li><b>Arvo Ylinen<\/b> &middot; chief designer from 1933 &mdash; Tuisku, Viima and Pyry<\/li>\n<li><b>Martti Vainio<\/b> &middot; designer &mdash; Led the Humu; later designed locomotives<\/li>\n<li><b>Torsti Verkkola<\/b> &middot; designer &mdash; Designed the Py&#246;rremyrsky<\/li>\n<li><b>Edward Wegelius<\/b> &middot; designer &mdash; Worked on the Pyry and Myrsky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>First aircraft built in Finland handed to the army, November 1922<\/li>\n<li>VL S&#228;&#228;ski: first Finnish-designed aircraft built in series<\/li>\n<li>Finland&rsquo;s first wind tunnel, Tampere, 1939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas), year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1921<\/div>\n<p>Air Force Aircraft Factory (IVL) founded at Suomenlinna<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1922<\/div>\n<p>First aircraft built in Finland handed to the army<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1926<\/div>\n<p>Last of 120 Hansas completed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Renamed Valtion lentokonetehdas under the Ministry of Defence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>Committees investigate the factory; leadership replaced by 1933<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Tuisku prototype first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Factory moves to H&#228;rm&#228;l&#228;, Tampere<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>Finland&rsquo;s first wind tunnel built; Pyry first flight 29 March<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Myrsky prototype first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Humu first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>Py&#246;rremyrsky first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>State arms factories become Valtion Metallitehtaat<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>Aircraft factory becomes part of Valmet<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/valmet\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Valmet<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merged into Valtion Metallitehtaat on 29 September 1946; aircraft works part of Valmet from 1951<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Valmet page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What does VL stand for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Valtion lentokonetehdas, the Finnish State Aircraft Factory, named so from 1928.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the VL Myrsky?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A Finnish-designed, largely wooden fighter of the Second World War. It first flew in 1941 and 51 were built.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Finnish fighters use wood?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Metals were scarce in wartime Finland, and fighters were hard to buy abroad, so VL designed aircraft that used as much wood as possible.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the State Aircraft Factory?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">After the war it became part of Valtion Metallitehtaat, later Valmet. Its aviation work continued at Kuorevesi and today&rsquo;s Patria descends from it.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does VL stand for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Valtion lentokonetehdas, the Finnish State Aircraft Factory, named so from 1928.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the VL Myrsky?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A Finnish-designed, largely wooden fighter of the Second World War. It first flew in 1941 and 51 were built.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Finnish fighters use wood?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Metals were scarce in wartime Finland, and fighters were hard to buy abroad, so VL designed aircraft that used as much wood as possible.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the State Aircraft Factory?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After the war it became part of Valtion Metallitehtaat, later Valmet. Its aviation work continued at Kuorevesi and today\\u2019s Patria descends from it.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around VL (Valtion lentokonetehdas)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/valmet\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Finland<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Valmet<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Finland&rsquo;s state aircraft works, folded into a metal-industry giant that also made paper machines and tractors, built the last military aircraft designed in Finland&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Valmet page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valtion_lentokonetehdas\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Valtion lentokonetehdas, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valtion_lentokonetehdas\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Valtion lentokonetehdas, Wikipedia (Finnish)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Myrsky\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Myrsky, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Pyry\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Pyry, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Humu\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Humu, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Tuisku\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Tuisku, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Kotka\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Kotka, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Viima\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Viima, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_Py%C3%B6rremyrsky\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL Py&#246;rremyrsky, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VL_S%C3%A4%C3%A4ski\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">VL S&#228;&#228;ski, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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