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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Yugoslavia (Serbia)<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"mlogo\"><span class=\"li ph2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Ikarus logo\" style=\"width:162px;height:46px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Ikarus<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Ikarus &mdash; prva srpska industrija aeroplana, automobila i strojeva Kova&#269;evi&#263; i drugovi &middot; Ikarus a.d. &middot; Ikarbus (today)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Serbia&rsquo;s first aircraft factory: started by a retired seaplane pilot in a bankrupt Novi Sad workshop, it built Yugoslavia&rsquo;s first home-designed fighter and first jet, and ended up making buses.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1923<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Defunct 1962<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>16<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Miroslav Cika \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Yugoslavia (Serbia)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1923<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Dimitrije Konjovi&#263;, Josip Mikl<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Novi Sad, then Zemun (Belgrade) from 1932<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Defunct 1962<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Ikarus: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A seaplane pilot buys a bankrupt workshop<\/h3>\n<p>In the autumn of 1923 a small, debt-ridden engine firm in Novi Sad went bankrupt. Dimitrije Konjovi&#263;, a retired naval seaplane pilot convinced that aviation was the coming industry, persuaded the engineer Josip Mikl, who had designed seaplanes for the Austro-Hungarian navy, to join him. On 13 October 1923 work began on a first trainer, and the company was registered in November under the grand name Ikarus, <span class=\"imp\">the first Serbian industry of aeroplanes<\/span>, cars and machines. On 28 March 1924 it handed its first aircraft, a licence-built Brandenburg trainer, to the air force.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Zemun and the Potez years<\/h3>\n<p>Growth was quick. By the end of 1924 Ikarus had built four landplanes and six seaplanes with 66 workers; in 1925 it built 32. Mikl&rsquo;s own &#352;M naval trainer and IO coastal reconnaissance flying boat went into service. In 1927 the air force ordered combat aircraft, and Ikarus built a purpose-designed factory at Zemun, beside the new Belgrade airport, with help from the French firm Potez. From 1928 it turned out 220 Potez 25 reconnaissance bombers. Seaplanes stayed at Novi Sad until 1932, when everything moved to Zemun. The Depression nearly finished the firm, which survived by making propellers and fuel tanks.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Two engineers and a gull wing<\/h3>\n<p>The revival came from two young engineers. Ljubomir Ili&#263; and Kosta Siv&#269;ev had trained in France and come home to desk jobs. In 1931, borrowing from their families, they designed a gull-winged fighter with a cannon firing through the propeller hub. The air force ordered a prototype from Ikarus, and the IK-1 flew on 22 April 1935, the first Yugoslav-designed fighter. Its test pilot&rsquo;s unplanned aerobatics broke it on its third flight, but the improved IK-2 followed, 12 of them. Between 1935 and 1941 Ikarus employed about 2,000 people and built Hawker Furies and Bristol Blenheims under licence.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Occupation, bombs and confiscation<\/h3>\n<p>In all, Ikarus built 477 aircraft between 1923 and 1941. On 17 April 1941 the Germans seized the factory as war booty and ran it as a branch of Wiener Neust&#228;dter Flugzeugwerke, making parts for the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Allied bombers wrecked much of it in April 1944. After liberation it restarted in January 1945 making spoons, spades and artificial limbs. In 1946 a court convicted Konjovi&#263; and two other directors of economic collaboration and confiscated the company, which absorbed the staff of the Rogo&#382;arski and Zmaj factories to become the state aircraft works. In 1948 and 1949 it fitted <span class=\"imp\">new metal fuselages to 250 Il-2 attack aircraft<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">First jets, last Kurir, then buses<\/h3>\n<p>The break with Stalin in 1948 left Yugoslavia without Soviet parts, so Siv&#269;ev and his colleagues revived their pre-war IK-3 as the S-49 fighter. The Aero 2 trainer was built by the hundred. On 25 October 1952 the little twin-engined Ikarus 451M became the first Yugoslav-built jet to fly, and its derivatives set class speed records. From 1951 the factory was steadily converted to civilian work: radiators, then bus and trolleybus bodies. The last aircraft, a Kurir liaison plane, left the line in 1962, and the aviation work passed to SOKO in Mostar. The factory lives on as the bus maker Ikarbus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Serbia&rsquo;s first aircraft factory: started by a retired seaplane pilot in a bankrupt Novi Sad workshop, it built Yugoslavia&rsquo;s first home-designed fighter and first jet, and ended up making buses.<cite>Ikarus &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Ikarus in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1923<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded in Novi Sad in November 1923 by Dimitrije Konjovi&#263; and Josip Mikl<\/li>\n<li>Joint-stock company from 1924<\/li>\n<li>Zemun factory built 1927&ndash;1928; whole firm moved there in 1932<\/li>\n<li>Confiscated and nationalised in 1946<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>IK-2, S-49 and Kurir<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>477 aircraft built 1923&ndash;1941<\/li>\n<li>Licence types: Brandenburg, Potez 25, Hawker Fury, Bristol Blenheim<\/li>\n<li>Post-war: Aero 2, S-49A and C, Ikarus 214, Kurir<\/li>\n<li>Ikarus 451M: first Yugoslav-built jet, 1952<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Bus maker Ikarbus<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Aircraft production ended in 1962<\/li>\n<li>Aviation programme passed to SOKO, Mostar<\/li>\n<li>Zemun factory now builds buses as Ikarbus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft built<\/dt>\n<dd>477<span class=\"gnote\">1923&ndash;1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Own-design prototypes and licence types<\/dt>\n<dd>9 prototypes, 8 licence types<span class=\"gnote\">1923&ndash;1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees (average)<\/dt>\n<dd>about 2,000 (peak 3,140)<span class=\"gnote\">1935&ndash;1941<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Workers<\/dt>\n<dd>66<span class=\"gnote\">1924<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Zemun factory floor area<\/dt>\n<dd>7,000 m&#178;<span class=\"gnote\">1928<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Il-2 metal fuselages fitted<\/dt>\n<dd>250<span class=\"gnote\">1948&ndash;1949<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Ikarus aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Brandenburg Mali (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat trainer<\/td>\n<td>1924<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Ikarus aircraft, delivered 28 March 1924<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus &#352;M<\/td>\n<td>Naval trainer seaplane<\/td>\n<td>1924<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus IO<\/td>\n<td>Coastal reconnaissance flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>37<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Potez 25 (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance bomber<\/td>\n<td>1928<\/td>\n<td>220<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First production at the Zemun factory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus IK-1<\/td>\n<td>Fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1935<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Yugoslav-designed fighter; designed by Ili&#263; and Siv&#269;ev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus IK-2<\/td>\n<td>Gull-wing fighter<\/td>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hub-firing 20 mm cannon; eight serviceable in April 1941<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hawker Fury (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Biplane fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bristol Blenheim (licence)<\/td>\n<td>Light bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus Aero 2<\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>248&ndash;380<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Designed by Boris Cijan and &#272;or&#273;e Petkovi&#263;; served to 1959<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus S-49A<\/td>\n<td>Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td>1949<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Developed from the pre-war Rogo&#382;arski IK-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus 214<\/td>\n<td>Multi-purpose twin<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus S-49C<\/td>\n<td>All-metal fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>112&ndash;113<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hispano-Suiza engine; retired 1960&ndash;1961<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus 451M<\/td>\n<td>Jet research aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Yugoslav-built jet to fly, 25 October 1952<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus 452M<\/td>\n<td>Experimental swept-wing jet fighter<\/td>\n<td>1953<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Twin-boom tail; damaged in July 1953; fed into the Soko Galeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus S-451MM Matica<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat jet trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Class speed record of 750.34 km\/h, 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ikarus Kurir<\/td>\n<td>STOL liaison and ambulance aircraft<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>145&ndash;167<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Last aircraft built by Ikarus; served the air force to 1972<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Ikarus built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Novi Sad works<\/b> &middot; &#352;umadijska Street, Novi Sad &mdash; Original works; seaplanes until 1932<\/li>\n<li><b>Zemun factory<\/b> &middot; Zemun, Belgrade &mdash; Purpose-built 1927&ndash;1928 with Potez help; now Ikarbus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Dimitrije Konjovi&#263;<\/b> &middot; founder and director &mdash; Retired naval seaplane pilot; convicted of economic collaboration in 1946<\/li>\n<li><b>Josip Mikl<\/b> &middot; co-founder, chief designer &mdash; Former Austro-Hungarian seaplane designer<\/li>\n<li><b>Ljubomir Ili&#263; and Kosta Siv&#269;ev<\/b> &middot; fighter designers &mdash; IK-1 and IK-2; Siv&#269;ev also co-designed the S-49<\/li>\n<li><b>Boris Cijan<\/b> &middot; designer &mdash; Aero 2 and Kurir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>First Yugoslav-designed fighter, IK-1, first flight 22 April 1935<\/li>\n<li>First Yugoslav-built jet aircraft to fly, Ikarus 451M, 25 October 1952<\/li>\n<li>Class speed records: S-451MM Matica 750.34 km\/h in 1957; S-451M Zolja 500.2 km\/h in 1960<\/li>\n<li>Ikarus sports society of 1928 was the first in the country to build gliders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Ikarus, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Work starts on the first Brandenburg trainer in Novi Sad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Ikarus registered in Novi Sad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>First aircraft delivered to the air force<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>Ikarus a.d. registered as a joint-stock company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Zemun factory completed; Potez 25 production begins<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1932<\/div>\n<p>Whole company moves to Zemun<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>IK-1 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Contract to build Hawker Furies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>Aero 2 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>German occupiers seize the factory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Factory badly damaged by Allied bombing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>Court confiscates the company; it becomes state property<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1949<\/div>\n<p>S-49A prototype flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Ikarus 451M becomes the first Yugoslav-built jet to fly<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>Last Kurir completed; aircraft production ends<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Ikarus<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/soko\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SOKO<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Took over the aviation programme as Ikarus turned to civilian work, 1951&ndash;1962<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the SOKO page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Ikarus<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What was Ikarus?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Serbia&rsquo;s first aircraft factory, founded in Novi Sad in 1923 and moved to Zemun, Belgrade, in 1932. It built aircraft until 1962 and now makes buses as Ikarbus.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Ikarus IK-2?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A gull-winged Yugoslav fighter designed by Ljubomir Ili&#263; and Kosta Siv&#269;ev, with a cannon firing through the propeller hub. Twelve were built and some fought in April 1941.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the first Yugoslav jet?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Ikarus 451M, which first flew on 25 October 1952.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many aircraft did Ikarus build?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">477 between 1923 and 1941, and several hundred more after the war, including S-49 fighters, Aero 2 trainers and Kurir liaison aircraft.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Ikarbus the same company?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Ikarus moved from aircraft to bus and trolleybus bodies between 1951 and 1962, and the Zemun factory continues as Ikarbus.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was Ikarus?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Serbia\\u2019s first aircraft factory, founded in Novi Sad in 1923 and moved to Zemun, Belgrade, in 1932. It built aircraft until 1962 and now makes buses as Ikarbus.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Ikarus IK-2?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A gull-winged Yugoslav fighter designed by Ljubomir Ili\\u0107 and Kosta Siv\\u010dev, with a cannon firing through the propeller hub. Twelve were built and some fought in April 1941.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the first Yugoslav jet?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Ikarus 451M, which first flew on 25 October 1952.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many aircraft did Ikarus build?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"477 between 1923 and 1941, and several hundred more after the war, including S-49 fighters, Aero 2 trainers and Kurir liaison aircraft.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Ikarbus the same company?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Ikarus moved from aircraft to bus and trolleybus bodies between 1951 and 1962, and the Zemun factory continues as Ikarbus.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Ikarus<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/utva\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"rh\">UTVA<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A glider co-operative founded in Zemun in 1937 became Yugoslavia&rsquo;s trainer factory, built more than 900 aircraft at Pan&#269;evo, survived two bombings and now&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the UTVA page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/rogozarski\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Yugoslavia (Serbia)<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Rogo&#382;arski<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Belgrade&rsquo;s first aircraft factory built most of interwar Yugoslavia&rsquo;s trainers and the IK-3, a home-grown fighter that took on the Luftwaffe over its own&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Rogo&#382;arski page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_IK-2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus IK-2, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_S-49\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus S-49, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_Aero_2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus Aero 2, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_451\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus 451, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_Kurir\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus Kurir, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikarus_452M\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus 452M, Wikipedia (English)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ikarus (fabrika), Wikipedia (Serbian)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w25-hero-mfr-ikarus.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ikarus-logo.webp)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px 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