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.hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Canada<\/div>\n<h1>Royal Canadian Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Aviation royale canadienne<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Canada has one air force and only one: every military aircraft in Canadian uniform, from the CH-148 Cyclones that fly off navy frigates to the CH-147F Chinooks that work for the army, belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force &mdash; a service founded on 1 April 1924, abolished by name in the unification of 1968, rebuilt as Air Command in 1975, given its name back on 16 August 2011, and now roughly 15,500 regular members flying about 300 aircraft while it argues in public about whether to finish buying the F-35.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The RCAF roundel: a red maple leaf on white within a blue ring, adopted in 1965 with the new national flag and restored to its pre-unification proportions in 2015. Before 1965 Canadian aircraft carried a red maple leaf inside the red centre of the RAF-pattern roundel<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Low-visibility<b>A grey outline roundel on the CF-188, the CP-140 and the transport fleet since the 1980s, with the maple leaf reduced to a tonal shape<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Fin flash<b>A vertical red-white-red flash with a red maple leaf on the fin, worn since 1965; the red-white-red band is the Canadian national colour arrangement rather than a unit marking, so every Canadian aircraft carries the same one<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>85<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>26<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1924<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>77<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Julian Herzog \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Canada<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1924<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Lieutenant-General Jamie Speiser-Blanchet<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The RCAF story: founded twice, abolished once, renamed back &mdash; and still arguing about the fighter<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1914&ndash;1924: a bush-flying air force that had to be told twice it was allowed to exist<\/h3>\n<p>Canadian military aviation began badly. The Canadian Aviation Corps of 1 September 1914 consisted of two officers, one mechanic and one Burgess-Dunne floatplane, which was shipped to England, left in the open and never flew again. Canadians who wanted to fly in the First World War flew for the British: roughly a quarter of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service pilot corps by 1918 was Canadian, and the names still known &mdash; Billy Bishop, Raymond Collishaw, William Barker &mdash; wore British uniforms. A Canadian Air Force of two squadrons was raised in England in 1918 and disbanded in 1920. A second Canadian Air Force, formed under the Air Board on 17 May 1920, was a part-time refresher school at Camp Borden that trained no new pilots at all. King George V granted the royal title on 15 February 1923; the Canadian government did not act on it until 1 April 1924, and that is the date the service counts as its birthday.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1939&ndash;1945: the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, 6 Group and 17,000 dead<\/h3>\n<p>What the RCAF actually did between the wars was civil work &mdash; forest-fire patrols, aerial photography, anti-smuggling flights against Prohibition rum-runners, the 1927&ndash;28 Hudson Strait Expedition. The &quot;Big Cut&quot; of 1932 nearly destroyed it. Then came the Second World War, and Canada built the thing it is still best known for. Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, signed in December 1939, Canada ran more than a hundred flying and ground schools and turned out over 130,000 aircrew for the Commonwealth. The RCAF peaked at 215,000 men and women in January 1944 and ended the war the fourth largest Allied air force, with 48 squadrons overseas. No. 6 Group of RAF Bomber Command, formed on 1 January 1943, was Canadian, and it paid for it: roughly 13,000 RCAF personnel were killed on operations or died as prisoners, and about 4,000 more in training and accidents. The RCAF was also the first Canadian service to recruit women, forming the Women&rsquo;s Division in 1941.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1945&ndash;1959: NATO, NORAD, twelve squadrons in Europe and the end of the Arrow<\/h3>\n<p>The Cold War made the RCAF, for a decade, one of the larger air forces in the Western alliance. Canada joined NATO in 1949 and sent No. 1 Air Division to Europe: four wings, twelve squadrons, at North Luffenham and then Marville in France, Grostenquin in France, Zweibr&#252;cken and Baden-Soellingen in West Germany, with the headquarters at Metz. Canadair built 1,815 Sabres, and Canadian Sabre pilots were widely reckoned the best gunners in NATO. At home, three radar lines &mdash; Pinetree, Mid-Canada and the DEW Line &mdash; were built across the country, and on 12 May 1958 Canada and the United States formalised the binational North American Air Defense Command that had begun operating the previous September. The service strength peaked at about 54,000 in 1954 and 41 squadrons in 1955. And then, on 20 February 1959, the government cancelled the Avro CF-105 Arrow, and Canadian aviation has been arguing about it ever since.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1959&ndash;1968: nuclear weapons, the Starfighter and the abolition of the RCAF<\/h3>\n<p>What followed the Arrow was the nuclear decade, which Canada has never been comfortable about. The RCAF took 66 McDonnell CF-101 Voodoos armed with the nuclear-tipped AIR-2 Genie, and 56 Bomarc surface-to-air missiles with W40 warheads at North Bay and La Macaza. The CF-104 Starfighter replaced the Sabre in Europe in the nuclear strike role, sitting quick reaction alert with a live bomb on board. Prime Minister John Diefenbaker refused for years to accept the warheads the weapons had been bought for; the issue split his cabinet, brought down his government in February 1963 and was settled by Lester Pearson, who accepted them on 31 December 1963. Then, on 1 February 1968, the Royal Canadian Air Force ceased to exist. The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the three services into one, scattered the air elements among six functional commands, and put airmen into a green army uniform that most of them hated.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1968&ndash;2011: Air Command, the Hornet, the Gulf and the long wait for the name back<\/h3>\n<p>It took seven years to admit the mistake in part. Air Command was formed on 2 September 1975 and gathered the flying back together; the wing structure returned in the 1990s. The aircraft consolidated too: 138 CF-188 Hornets from 1982 replaced the Voodoo, the Starfighter and the CF-5 all at once, and Canadian Hornets fought in the Gulf in 1991 &mdash; the first Canadian shots fired in anger since Korea &mdash; over Kosovo in 1999, over Libya in 2011 and over Iraq and Syria from 2014. But the post-Cold War cuts were brutal. Canadian Forces Europe closed in 1994. Summerside went in 1991, Chatham in 1989, Baden-Soellingen and Lahr with the European withdrawal. The Sea King flew for fifty years while four replacement programmes failed. On 16 August 2011 the government gave the air force its name back, along with the navy and the army, and the RCAF marked its centenary on 1 April 2024.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2011&ndash;2026: one fighter competition, two reversals, a review that will not end<\/h3>\n<p>The modern record is honest only if you say the difficult parts. The fighter replacement ran from a sole-source F-35 announcement in 2010, through a cancelled decision, an interim Super Hornet buy abandoned in a trade dispute with Boeing, a purchase of 18 second-hand Australian Hornets instead, a full competition, and a contract for 88 F-35As signed on 9 January 2023 &mdash; and then, on 14 March 2025, a government review of that contract, which eighteen months later has still not reported. Canada is paid up for sixteen aircraft and undecided about seventy-two. Meanwhile the CC-295 Kingfisher is years late into full service, the CH-149 Cormorant is being rebuilt to last into the 2040s, the CP-140 Aurora leaves in 2030 with P-8A Poseidons arriving to replace it, the CC-330 Husky is still being converted into a tanker, and the Auditor General keeps reporting that the air force cannot recruit and retain the people to fly and fix what it already has. An internal readiness report in early 2025 put the share of RCAF aircraft judged serviceable at about 40 per cent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">What the RCAF actually did between the wars was civil work &mdash; forest-fire patrols, aerial photography, anti-smuggling flights against Prohibition rum-runners, the 1927&ndash;28 Hudson Strait Expedition. The &quot;Big Cut&quot; of 1932 nearly destroyed it.<cite>Royal Canadian Air Force &middot; verified 2026-09-21<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Canadian Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation royale canadienne<span class=\"gnote\">Canada is officially bilingual and so is its air force. The French name is used in full in Quebec and in francophone units: 3e Escadre Bagotville, 425 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 2e Division a&#233;rienne du Canada. The service motto is the Latin <em>Sic itur ad astra<\/em>, &quot;such is the pathway to the stars&quot;, inherited from the Canadian Air Force of 1920.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1 April 1924<span class=\"gnote\">Canadian military aviation runs in broken blocks. The Canadian Aviation Corps existed for a few months in 1914; a Canadian Air Force of two squadrons served in England in 1918&ndash;20; a second Canadian Air Force was formed under the Air Board on 17 May 1920. King George V granted the royal title on 15 February 1923 but the Canadian government only gave effect to it on 1 April 1924. The service was then abolished by name on 1 February 1968 and the name restored on 16 August 2011.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Canadian Armed Forces<span class=\"gnote\">Canada has no separate naval air arm and no separate army aviation. Every military aircraft in Canadian service belongs to the RCAF, including 12 Wing Shearwater&rsquo;s CH-148 Cyclones, which deploy aboard Royal Canadian Navy frigates, and 1 Wing&rsquo;s CH-146 Griffons and CH-147F Chinooks, which work for the Canadian Army. The Royal Canadian Navy&rsquo;s Fleet Air Arm and Canadian Army aviation existed as separate services only until unification in 1968 and are covered separately.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa<span class=\"gnote\">The Commander of the RCAF, normally a lieutenant-general, sits at NDHQ in Ottawa and reports to the Chief of the Defence Staff. The operational headquarters is 1 Canadian Air Division at 17 Wing Winnipeg, which is simultaneously the Canadian NORAD Region headquarters.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>High formations<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>1 Canadian Air Division &mdash; operations, and the Canadian NORAD Region, Winnipeg<\/li>\n<li>2 Canadian Air Division &mdash; individual training and education, Winnipeg<\/li>\n<li>3 Canadian Space Division &mdash; space operations, Ottawa<\/li>\n<li>RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre &mdash; doctrine, test and evaluation, history and heritage, Trenton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">3 Canadian Space Division was stood up in July 2022 from the former Director General Space, which is why the RCAF describes itself as an air and space force. 1 Canadian Air Division carries the number of the Cold War air division in Europe, disbanded at Baden-Soellingen on 31 July 1994 and reactivated in Winnipeg on 31 July 1997.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>LGen Jamie Speiser-Blanchet<span class=\"gnote\">In post since 10 July 2025, the 22nd Commander and the first woman to command the Royal Canadian Air Force. A helicopter pilot commissioned in 1990.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aerobatic team<\/dt>\n<dd>431 Air Demonstration Squadron, the Snowbirds<span class=\"gnote\">Formed informally at Moose Jaw in 1971 and made a squadron in 1978. Nine aircraft fly the show out of a fleet of eleven CT-114 Tutors. The team flies its last Tutor season in 2026 and then stands down from display flying until about 2030, when it is to re-form on the CT-157 Siskin II. Canada&rsquo;s earlier teams included the Blue Devils on Vampires, the Fireballs and Sky Lancers in Europe on Sabres, the Golden Hawks of 1959&ndash;64 and the Golden Centennaires of 1967.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Squadron numbering<\/dt>\n<dd>400 series<span class=\"gnote\">Canadian squadrons carry numbers in the 400 block, allocated to the Dominions under Article XV of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan agreement of December 1939 so that Canadian, Australian and New Zealand squadrons could serve inside the RAF command structure while remaining national units. The lineages are published by the Directorate of History and Heritage and several current squadrons trace directly to wartime units.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Regular Force personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>about 15,500<span class=\"gnote\">15,553 Regular Force members, 2,160 Primary Reserve members and 1,448 civilian staff as of September 2023, the most recent full breakdown the department has published for the air force alone. The RCAF is the smallest of the three Canadian services. For comparison, the wartime peak was 215,000 in January 1944 and the Cold War peak about 54,000 in 1954.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Personnel shortfall<\/dt>\n<dd>Canadian Armed Forces about 3,000 short of a 71,500 Regular Force establishment<span class=\"gnote\">The shortfall is a Canadian Armed Forces figure rather than an RCAF one, because the department does not publish an audited air force establishment. It has narrowed sharply: the Chief of the Defence Staff described a shortage of roughly 16,000 across the Regular Force and Primary Reserve in 2023, and by 31 July 2026 the Regular Force stood at 68,473 against 71,500 authorised, a shortfall of 3,027, with the Primary Reserve at 33,315 against 38,800. The Auditor General&rsquo;s report of 21 October 2025 found the forces had recruited about 15,000 people against a target of just over 19,700 over three years, that only one applicant in thirteen was enrolled, and that the median time from application to enrolment was 245 to 271 days against a target of 100 to 150. The department reported 7,310 Regular Force enrolments in 2025\/26, its best year in more than thirty, while warning of continued critical shortages in specific trades.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>about 85 CF-188 Hornets<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CF-188A\/B Hornet &mdash; roughly 85 on charge at 3 Wing Bagotville and 4 Wing Cold Lake<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">On charge, not available. Canada took 138 CF-188s between 1982 and 1988 &mdash; 98 single-seat A and 40 two-seat B &mdash; and bought 18 second-hand Australian F\/A-18A\/B airframes plus seven more for spares from 2019. Departmental figures for 2025 give about 85 aircraft in service, and the Hornet Extension Project covers up to 88 airframes in its first phase and 36 in the combat-capability second phase. No F-35A has yet been delivered.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Total aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>roughly 300 on the RCAF charge<span class=\"gnote\">Published totals range from about 290 to about 390 depending on whether contractor-owned and Milit-Air-owned training aircraft, small uncrewed systems and stored airframes are counted. The RCAF itself now owns the Future Aircrew Training fleets, which it leases to the contractor SkyAlyne, so the boundary has moved.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Serviceability<\/dt>\n<dd>about 40 per cent<span class=\"gnote\">An internal Department of National Defence military readiness document dated 18 February 2025 assessed only about 40 per cent of RCAF aircraft as serviceable. The Auditor General has repeatedly found the department&rsquo;s published readiness figures optimistic, and the fighter force audit of 2018 found that the CF-188 fleet could not meet the commitment the government had set for it.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence budget<\/dt>\n<dd>more than C$63 billion (2025\/26, defence-wide)<span class=\"gnote\">A defence-wide figure, not an RCAF one &mdash; Canada does not publish a service-level budget. The government reported more than C$63 billion across the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces and other partners in 2025\/26; the department&rsquo;s own planned spending for 2026\/27 is C$51.7 billion. Canada reached the NATO two per cent target in 2025\/26 after years of missing it, and signed up at the Hague summit in June 2025 to the alliance&rsquo;s new 3.5 per cent core and 5 per cent total targets by 2035.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>NORAD commitment<\/dt>\n<dd>Fighters on alert at Bagotville and Cold Lake<span class=\"gnote\">Canada has committed fighters to NORAD alert continuously since 1958. Today the alert is held by 3 Wing Bagotville for the east and 4 Wing Cold Lake for the west, with four northern forward operating locations at Inuvik, Yellowknife, Iqaluit and Goose Bay from which alert aircraft can be pushed north. The Canadian NORAD Region headquarters is at Winnipeg and the Sector Air Operations Centre is at 22 Wing North Bay.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Wings<\/dt>\n<dd>15 wings on 11 flying bases<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Fighter: 4 Wing Cold Lake, 3 Wing Bagotville<\/li>\n<li>Air mobility: 8 Wing Trenton, 17 Wing Winnipeg<\/li>\n<li>Maritime: 12 Wing Shearwater, 14 Wing Greenwood, 19 Wing Comox<\/li>\n<li>Tactical aviation: 1 Wing Kingston, with squadrons at Borden, Gagetown, Edmonton, Valcartier, Saint-Hubert and Petawawa<\/li>\n<li>Search and rescue: 9 Wing Gander, and the SAR squadrons at Comox, Greenwood, Trenton and Winnipeg<\/li>\n<li>Training: 15 Wing Moose Jaw, 16 Wing Borden, 17 Wing Winnipeg<\/li>\n<li>Air defence and expeditionary: 22 Wing North Bay, 2 Wing Bagotville, 5 Wing Goose Bay<\/li>\n<li>Space: 7 Wing, Ottawa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">A Canadian wing is the principal lodger formation on a base, which is why 14 Wing Greenwood and CFB Greenwood are the same place under two names. 1 Wing Kingston is unusual: its headquarters is at Kingston, where no flying squadron is based, and its six squadrons are spread across army garrisons from Edmonton to Gagetown.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Closed air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>More than 100 since 1945<span class=\"gnote\">The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan left Canada with well over a hundred aerodromes, most of which became municipal airports. The Cold War added the Pinetree, Mid-Canada and DEW radar lines and four wings in Europe. The heavy closures came in three waves: the European withdrawal of 1969&ndash;94 (Zweibr&#252;cken, Marville, Grostenquin, Metz, Lahr, Baden-Soellingen), the 1989 budget round (Chatham, Summerside, Mont Apica, Namao as an air base), and the 1990s consolidation.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Northern infrastructure<\/dt>\n<dd>Four forward operating locations and CFS Alert<span class=\"gnote\">Inuvik, Yellowknife, Iqaluit and Goose Bay are austere airfields kept ready for fighter and tanker operations in the Arctic, with hangars, fuel and alert accommodation but no permanently based aircraft. CFS Alert on Ellesmere Island, at 82&#176;31&rsquo;N, is the northernmost permanently inhabited place on earth and is an RCAF station. The 2022 NORAD modernisation package funds upgrades to all four forward operating locations.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Longest runway<\/dt>\n<dd>3,840 m at Cold Lake<span class=\"gnote\">Runway 13L\/31R at 4 Wing Cold Lake, alongside the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range, the largest block of controlled military airspace in Canada. Goose Bay&rsquo;s 08\/26 at 3,367 m is the next longest on an RCAF base, built by the United States in 1941 for the transatlantic ferry route.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Alert holding<\/dt>\n<dd>NORAD alert 24\/7<span class=\"gnote\">Canadian fighters have stood NORAD alert without a break since 1958. The commitment is not published in detail, but it is met from Bagotville and Cold Lake and has been surged repeatedly &mdash; after 11 September 2001, during Russian long-range aviation probes of the Canadian Air Defence Identification Zone, and in February 2023, when a CF-188 pursued and a United States F-22 shot down an unidentified object over the Yukon.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Shared civil airports<\/dt>\n<dd>Five<span class=\"gnote\">17 Wing shares Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International; 19 Wing shares Comox Valley International; 412 Squadron operates from Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International; 443 Squadron&rsquo;s Cyclones fly from Victoria International; 9 Wing shares Gander International. Shearwater, uniquely, is now a heliport: its fixed-wing runways are closed and 12 Wing flies helicopters from a shortened strip.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Royal Canadian Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Three divisions and fifteen wings under one commander in Ottawa. <span class=\"imp\">The Canadian oddity is that there is only one flying service: the Cyclones that go to sea on navy frigates and the Chinooks that work for the army at Petawawa are all Royal Canadian Air Force aircraft with air force crews, because Canada abolished its separate naval and army air arms in 1968 and never brought them back.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">LJ<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Lieutenant-General<\/span><b>Lieutenant-General Jamie Speiser-Blanchet<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Chief of the Air Force Staff &middot; in office since 2025<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Royal Canadian Air Force<\/span><em>Aviation royale canadienne<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Staff<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Royal Canadian Air Force Headquarters<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">RCAF HQ<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ottawa<\/div>\n<p>The Commander of the RCAF, who is also Chief of the Air Force Staff, and the air staff at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. The commander is normally a lieutenant-general and reports to the Chief of the Defence Staff. Beside the commander sit the deputy commander, a major-general, and the RCAF Command Chief Warrant Officer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Operations<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1 Canadian Air Division<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">1 Cdn Air Div<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Winnipeg<\/div>\n<p>The operational command and control formation, at 17 Wing Winnipeg, which generates and commands all Canadian air power for domestic and overseas operations. It is simultaneously the Canadian NORAD Region headquarters and the standing Joint Force Air Component headquarters, and it owns eleven wings. It carries the number of the air division that stood in Europe from 1952 to 1994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2 Canadian Air Division<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">2 Cdn Air Div<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Winnipeg<\/div>\n<p>Owns all individual training and education in the RCAF, from the flying schools at Moose Jaw and Portage la Prairie to the technical trades schools at Borden and the aerospace control school. Stood up on 25 June 2009.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Space<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3 Canadian Space Division<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">3 CSD<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ottawa<\/div>\n<p>Stood up in July 2022 from the former Director General Space, and the reason the RCAF now describes itself as an air and space force. It runs 7 Wing (Space) with 7 Space Operations Squadron and 7 Operations Support Squadron, and Canada&rsquo;s contribution to allied space surveillance and satellite communications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Doctrine and test<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">AWC<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Trenton<\/div>\n<p>Doctrine, concept development, operational test and evaluation, and the custody of RCAF history and heritage. It owns 414 Electronic Warfare Support Squadron and 434 Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron, whose flights sit at the base of each fleet &mdash; fighter at Cold Lake, maritime helicopter at Shearwater, long range patrol at Greenwood, land aviation at Saint-Hubert, search and rescue at Comox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Fighter<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3 Wing Bagotville and 4 Wing Cold Lake<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">3e Escadre \/ 4 Wing<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Bagotville and Cold Lake<\/div>\n<p>The two fighter wings, holding Canada&rsquo;s NORAD alert commitment east and west with about 85 CF-188 Hornets between five squadrons, one of them the operational training squadron. Both are being rebuilt for the F-35A, and the construction at both has run late.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air mobility<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>8 Wing Trenton<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">8 Wing<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Trenton<\/div>\n<p>Strategic and tactical airlift, air-to-air refuelling and government transport: the CC-177 Globemaster III, the CC-130J Hercules, the CC-150 Polaris and its CC-330 Husky replacement, the CC-144 Challenger at Ottawa and the CC-138 Twin Otter at Yellowknife. Also the RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre and CFS Alert.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Maritime aviation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>12 Wing Shearwater, 14 Wing Greenwood, 19 Wing Comox<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">12\/14\/19 Wing<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Shearwater, Greenwood and Comox<\/div>\n<p>Everything that flies over salt water: the CH-148 Cyclones of 12 Wing, which deploy aboard Royal Canadian Navy frigates from Shearwater and Victoria, and the CP-140 Auroras of 14 and 19 Wings, which will be replaced by the P-8A Poseidon from 2030.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Tactical aviation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1 Wing Kingston<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">1re Escadre<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kingston<\/div>\n<p>Seven tactical aviation squadrons that work for the Canadian Army, lodged on army garrisons from Edmonton to Gagetown, commanded from a headquarters at Kingston that has no aircraft of its own. Six fly the CH-146 Griffon; 450 Squadron at Petawawa flies Canada&rsquo;s fourteen CH-147F Chinooks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Search and rescue<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>9 Wing Gander and the SAR squadrons<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">SAR<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Gander, Greenwood, Trenton, Winnipeg and Comox<\/div>\n<p>Canada holds the aeronautical search and rescue mandate for about 18 million square kilometres, run from three coordination centres at Victoria, Trenton and Halifax. The aircraft are CH-149 Cormorants, CC-295 Kingfishers and CH-146 Griffons at Gander, Greenwood, Trenton, Winnipeg and Comox, supported by the volunteer Civil Air Search and Rescue Association.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air defence<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>22 Wing North Bay<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">22e Escadre<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">North Bay<\/div>\n<p>The Canadian NORAD Region&rsquo;s Sector Air Operations Centre, with 21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron, its operational training squadron and a United States Air Force detachment. No aircraft are based here; what North Bay owns is the radar picture, drawn from the North Warning System across the Arctic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Expeditionary<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2 Wing Bagotville<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">2e Escadre<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Bagotville<\/div>\n<p>The RCAF&rsquo;s deployable wing headquarters, formed in 2012 to stand up and command expeditionary air bases abroad, with mission support, air expeditionary training and construction engineering squadrons dispersed across Bagotville, Cold Lake, Trenton and Nova Scotia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Flying training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>15 Wing Moose Jaw and 3 CFFTS Southport<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">15e Escadre<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Moose Jaw and Portage la Prairie<\/div>\n<p>Every Canadian military pilot passes through Moose Jaw and Portage la Prairie. The Future Aircrew Training programme, run by SkyAlyne to 2049, is replacing every training aircraft in the system. What Canada no longer does at home is fighter lead-in training, which went abroad when the CT-155 Hawk retired in 2024.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Technical training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>16 Wing Borden<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">16e Escadre<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Borden<\/div>\n<p>The RCAF Academy and the Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering, on the field where Canadian military flying training began in 1917. It also hosts 400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, an Air Reserve unit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Royal Canadian Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">McDonnell Douglas CF-188A\/B Hornet<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter; NORAD alert<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td>425 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 433 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 401 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron, Fighter Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>About 85 airframes on charge in 2025, the most recent departmental figure; the number is falling. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Canada took 138 CF-188s from 1982 to 1988, 98 single-seat CF-188A and 40 two-seat CF-188B, and at least twenty were lost in accidents with at least eleven pilots killed by 2016. Eighteen second-hand Royal Australian Air Force F\/A-18A\/B aircraft were added from February 2019, with seven further airframes bought for spares recovery; deliveries finished in 2021 and the whole interim package cost about C$360 million. Hornet Extension Project Phase 1 covers up to 88 aircraft and Phase 2 a combat-capable subset of 36.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell CH-146 Griffon<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport helicopter; combat support; SAR<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>1995<\/td>\n<td>400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron, 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 430e Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res, 438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 439 Domestic Response Squadron, 417 Domestic Response Squadron, 444 Domestic Response Squadron, 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron, Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>85 in service in 2024 out of 100 delivered from 1995. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Bell Textron Canada at Mirabel is carrying out the Griffon Limited Life Extension, which re-engines and re-avionicses the fleet to take it to about 2031.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">Boeing CH-147F Chinook<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium-to-heavy lift helicopter<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>2013<\/td>\n<td>450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>14 in service of 15 delivered from 2013; one was destroyed in a crash on the Ottawa River near Petawawa on 20 June 2023 in which two aircrew died.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td>406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron, 423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron, 443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron, Maritime Helicopter Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>27 in service of 28 delivered from 2015. Cyclone 148822 was lost in the Ionian Sea on 29 April 2020 with all six on board.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range search and rescue helicopter<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>103 Search and Rescue Squadron, 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron, 442 Transport and Rescue Squadron, Search and Rescue Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>13 in service of 15 delivered from 2001; one was destroyed in a crash off Canso, Nova Scotia on 13 July 2006 with three deaths, and another written off. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade is rebuilding the 13 aircraft and adding three more from airframes recovered from the cancelled United States VH-71 presidential helicopter programme, for a final fleet of 16.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed CP-140 Aurora<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st out\">Out by 2030<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range maritime patrol, ISR and anti-submarine warfare<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>1980<\/td>\n<td>404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron, 405 Long Range Patrol Squadron, 415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron, 407 Long Range Patrol Squadron, Long Range Patrol Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/td>\n<td>14 on charge of 18 delivered from 1980, of which the department has described a modernised core of about 10 to 14 aircraft as operationally capable at any time. Out of service 2030.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed Martin CC-130J Hercules<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical airlift and search and rescue<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>436 Transport Squadron, 426 Transport Training Squadron, 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/td>\n<td>17 delivered between 2010 and 2012, all still on charge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed CC-130H Hercules<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue; air-to-air refuelling<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1960<\/td>\n<td>435 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/td>\n<td>About four airframes were still flying in the autumn of 2026 on a residual search and rescue commitment with 435 Squadron at Winnipeg. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Air-to-air refuelling ended in May 2026; twelve airframes were declared retired in January 2026 and ten of them conditionally sold to Coulson Aviation of Port Alberni on 7 August 2026 for aerial firefighting, the other two going to museums. Forty-four Hercules of all marks were taken on charge from 1960.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing CC-177 Globemaster III<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic airlift<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>429 Transport Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Five delivered: four in 2007&ndash;08 and a fifth in March 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CC-150 Polaris<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic transport, air-to-air refuelling and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>437 Transport Squadron, 426 Transport Training Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Three of five remain on charge in 2026. The five Airbus A310-300s were bought second-hand from Wardair in 1992. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>CC-150T 15003 was written off after ground damage at Guam in 2019 and formally retired in 2023; 15001 was retired in 2025 and is now at the National Air Force Museum of Canada at Trenton. Two aircraft were converted to CC-150T tankers with wing pods.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CC-330 Husky<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic transport, air-to-air refuelling and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2023<\/td>\n<td>437 Transport Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Nine aircraft contracted: five used Airbus A330-200s bought on the commercial market and four new-build. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>All five used aircraft have been accepted, the fifth in February 2025; no new-build has yet been delivered. The first new-build, Husky 006, went to Getafe in June 2025 for conversion and first flew as a multi-role tanker transport on 2 July 2026, for delivery in 2027. None has yet been converted to tanker configuration; the first converted CC-330 is due in 2027.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CC-295 Kingfisher<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fixed-wing search and rescue<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron, 435 Transport and Rescue Squadron, 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron, 442 Transport and Rescue Squadron, 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/td>\n<td>16 aircraft contracted on 1 December 2016 for about C$2.4 billion including twenty years of support. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>All 16 have been built and accepted; deliveries to Canada ran from 17 September 2020 into 2025 and the department&rsquo;s count of aircraft physically in Canada has lagged the acceptance figure. The type entered operational service on 1 May 2025 and is distributed across four wings &mdash; Comox, Winnipeg, Trenton and Greenwood.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CC-138 Twin Otter<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Arctic utility transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1971<\/td>\n<td>440 Transport Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Four in service of nine taken on charge from 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bombardier CC-144C\/D Challenger<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Government and command transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1983<\/td>\n<td>412 Transport Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Four in service of 18 Challengers taken on charge since 1983 in several marks, including aircraft used for coastal patrol and electronic warfare training.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft CE-145C Vigilance<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Manned airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2024<\/td>\n<td>RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre<\/td>\n<td>Three King Air 350ER airframes, modified by L3Harris, all delivered in 2024.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CT-114 Tutor<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st out\">Out by 2026<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Aerobatic display<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>1963<\/td>\n<td>431 Air Demonstration Squadron &mdash; the Snowbirds<\/td>\n<td>11 with 431 Air Demonstration Squadron, nine of which fly the show, out of 190 delivered from 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CT-142 Dash 8 &quot;Gonzo&quot;<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Air combat systems officer and airborne electronic sensor operator training<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1989<\/td>\n<td>402 Squadron<\/td>\n<td>Four in service of six taken on charge from 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft CT-145 King Air<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multi-engine pilot training<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/td>\n<td>Seven King Air C90B in service of eight taken on charge from 1992, operated through the Contracted Flying Training Programme at Southport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-6-texan-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph20\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-6-texan-ii\/\">Beechcraft CT-156 Harvard II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic and advanced flying training<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/td>\n<td>About 24 of 26 taken on charge from 2000, formally owned by Milit-Air, a not-for-profit federal corporation set up to hold the NATO Flying Training in Canada fleet, and leased to CAE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph21\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grob CT-102A Astra and CT-102B Astra II<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Primary and basic flying training<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>2013<\/td>\n<td>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/td>\n<td>13 Grob G120A on charge as the CT-102A, plus 23 Grob G120TP ordered as the CT-102B Astra II under Future Aircrew Training.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CT-153 Juno<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Rotary-wing pilot training<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/td>\n<td>19 Airbus H135 helicopters ordered under Future Aircrew Training; the first entered service in 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Pilatus CT-157 Siskin II<span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced fixed-wing and jet-stream flying training; future display aircraft<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, 431 Air Demonstration Squadron &mdash; the Snowbirds<\/td>\n<td>19 Pilatus PC-21 aircraft ordered under Future Aircrew Training. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first two arrived in Canada and were shown publicly at the Aero Gatineau-Ottawa air show on 17 September 2026 before flying on to 15 Wing Moose Jaw.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell CH-139 Jet Ranger and CT-146 Bell 412CF<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Contracted helicopter pilot training<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1981<\/td>\n<td>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/td>\n<td>About 13 CH-139 Jet Rangers and nine Bell 412CF helicopters, drawn from Canadian Armed Forces stocks and operated by the Allied Wings consortium at Southport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Small uncrewed systems (CU-169 ScanEagle, CU-172, CU-176 Gargoyle)<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical surveillance<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2008<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Quantities are not published. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The CU-169 ScanEagle has been in Canadian service since 2008; the CU-176 Gargoyle, a UMS Skeldar V-200 rotary-wing system, was introduced in 2020 and flies from Royal Canadian Navy ships.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CF-188<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">85<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Griffon<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">85<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Cyclone<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:32%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">27<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CT-156<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:28%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">24<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CH-139\/CT-146<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:26%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">22<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CC-130J<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">17<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CC-295<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:19%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">16<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CH-147F<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:16%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">14<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph26\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Canada signed for 88 F-35As on 9 January 2023 at a stated acquisition cost of about C$19 billion, in a project the department now values at C$27.7 billion including equipment, sustainment, training and infrastructure, with a first squadron operational in 2029 and the fleet complete between 2032 and 2034. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>On 14 March 2025 Prime Minister Mark Carney ordered a review of the purchase in the middle of a trade and sovereignty dispute with the United States, and as of September 2026 that review has still not reported. Canada is contractually committed and paid up for the first sixteen aircraft. CBC News reported in February 2026 that Canada had begun paying for long-lead items tied to fourteen further aircraft, to hold its place in the production queue; the Department of National Defence would not confirm it and said the acquisition of additional F-35s remained under review. Deliveries of the first aircraft to Luke Air Force Base in Arizona, where Canadian pilots train, were due before the end of 2026; the first aircraft in Canada are expected in 2028. The remaining 72 of the 88 remain undecided. Defence Minister David McGuinty said in September 2026 that Ottawa &quot;will take the time we need to get this right&quot;. The department has funded infrastructure for three squadrons at 4 Wing Cold Lake and two at 3 Wing Bagotville, and expects the fleet in service beyond 2060.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph27\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>Announced on 30 November 2023: 14 aircraft with options for two more, at a project cost of about C$10.4 billion including a United States foreign military sale valued at up to US$5.9 billion. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The buy was sole-sourced, which Bombardier and General Dynamics Mission Systems Canada objected to loudly, having offered a Global 6500-based alternative that did not yet exist. The department&rsquo;s project page now gives first delivery in 2027 and the last aircraft in 2027&ndash;28, with the fleet split between 14 Wing Greenwood and 19 Wing Comox; the 2023 announcement had promised the first aircraft in 2026. The CP-140 Aurora goes out of service in 2030.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph28\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>General Atomics CQ-9B SkyGuardian (MQ-9B SkyGuardian)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>2028<\/td>\n<td>Eleven armed long-range remotely piloted aircraft contracted on 18 December 2023 at a project value of C$2.49 billion, for surveillance, reconnaissance and precision strike, with the Arctic as the primary area of interest. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Initial operational capability is set at 2027&ndash;2030 and full operational capability at 2030&ndash;2033; reporting in 2026 said the fleet will enter service in 2028 unarmed and with reduced capability. Canada designated the type CQ-9B SkyGuardian rather than following its own CU- convention for uncrewed aircraft, which is an oddity nobody has explained publicly. The department&rsquo;s project page names no main operating base; reporting in 2026 places the operations centres at 14 Wing Greenwood and 19 Wing Comox with mission control in Ottawa.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph29\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Saab GlobalEye (Bombardier Global 6500)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>On 27 May 2026 Canada named Saab as preferred supplier for its Airborne Early Warning and Control project, choosing the GlobalEye mission system on a Bombardier Global 6500 airframe over the Boeing E-7 Wedgetail. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Reporting has put the programme at around C$5 billion for five or six aircraft, but no contract had been signed and no quantity or price confirmed at the date of this page. It would give Canada an airborne early warning capability of its own for the first time; Canadian crews have until now served with the NATO E-3A component at Geilenkirchen.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph30\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CC-330 Husky (remaining aircraft and tanker conversions)<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>Four of the nine CC-330s remain to be delivered, and none of the accepted aircraft has yet been converted to multi-role tanker transport standard. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first converted CC-330 is due in 2027 and the first government transport aircraft in 2027&ndash;28, with initial capability in 2028&ndash;29 and full capability in 2032&ndash;33. The department is negotiating a Main Operating Base West at Edmonton International Airport, with a forward operating location at Inuvik.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph31\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant (Mid-Life Upgrade and additional airframes)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>The Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade rebuilds the 13 in-service aircraft to a common modern standard and adds three further airframes, bringing the fleet to 16. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Contracts worth up to C$1.24 billion including taxes were awarded in December 2022 to Leonardo UK and to CAE of Montreal for the simulator solution. First delivery and initial operational capability 2027, final delivery 2029, full operational capability 2030.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Pilatus CT-157 Siskin II<span class=\"nflag nf2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Switzerland\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Nineteen PC-21s for advanced flying training at 15 Wing Moose Jaw under the Future Aircrew Training programme, and from about 2030 for the Snowbirds. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first aircraft left Switzerland in 2026.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph32\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grob CT-102B Astra II<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Twenty-three Grob G120TP turboprops for basic flying training under Future Aircrew Training, replacing the piston-engined G120A.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus CT-153 Juno<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Nineteen Airbus H135 helicopters for rotary-wing training at Southport, of which one was in service in 2026. They replace the CH-139 Jet Ranger and the Bell 412CF.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph33\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft CT-145E Expeditor II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Seven Beechcraft King Air 260 aircraft for multi-engine training under Future Aircrew Training, replacing the CT-145 King Air C90B.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph34\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CT-142Q Citadel<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2027<\/td>\n<td>Three converted Dash 8-400 aircraft for air combat systems officer and airborne electronic sensor operator training at 17 Wing Winnipeg, replacing the CT-142 &quot;Gonzo&quot;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph35\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bombardier Global 6500<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six aircraft announced in 2025 to replace the CC-144 Challenger fleet of 412 Transport Squadron, keeping the work with a Canadian manufacturer. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The same Global 6500 airframe underpins the Saab GlobalEye selected for the airborne early warning project.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Royal Canadian Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">77 types, from the Burgess-Dunne floatplane to the BAE Systems CT-155 Hawk. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph36\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\" class=\"was\">BAE Systems CT-155 Hawk<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced and fighter lead-in training<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>2000&ndash;2024<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>22 Hawk Mk 115 aircraft owned by Milit-Air and operated under NATO Flying Training in Canada; retired in 2024, with 15 airframes transferred to the Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering at Borden as maintenance trainers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph37\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CC-115 Buffalo<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue and tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1967&ndash;2022<\/td>\n<td>CC-295 Kingfisher<\/td>\n<td>15 aircraft. The last six flew search and rescue on the Pacific coast from 19 Wing Comox until January 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph38\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td>1968&ndash;2018<\/td>\n<td>CH-148 Cyclone<\/td>\n<td>41 aircraft, delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy from 1963 as the CHSS-2 and passed to the unified Canadian Forces in 1968.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph39\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed CP-140A Arcturus<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Arctic and coastal patrol, crew training<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;2011<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three airframes, P-3 airframes without the Aurora&rsquo;s anti-submarine mission system.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph40\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\" class=\"was\">Boeing CH-147C and CH-147D Chinook<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium-lift helicopter<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1974&ndash;2011<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight CH-147C from 1974, sold to the Netherlands in 1991; six CH-147D plus one leased aircraft bought urgently in 2008 for Afghanistan and disposed of in 2011.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph41\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-8 and Mi-17-V5<\/td>\n<td>Contracted transport helicopter, Afghanistan<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2008&ndash;2011<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six Mi-8 and four Mi-17-V5, used in Afghanistan from 2008 to 2011 and never formally acknowledged with enthusiasm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph42\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>IAI CU-170 Heron<span class=\"nflag nf6\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Israel\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium-altitude long-endurance surveillance<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2008&ndash;2011<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three leased air vehicles, flown in Kandahar from 2008 and returned at the end of the Afghanistan combat mission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph43\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>SAGEM CU-161 Sperwer<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical surveillance uncrewed aircraft<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>2003&ndash;2010<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>31 air vehicles, bought urgently in 2003 for Kabul and used in Kandahar until 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph44\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Slingsby CT-111 Firefly<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Primary flying training<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1995&ndash;2006<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>12 leased aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph45\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced trainer, electronic warfare and utility<\/td>\n<td>656<\/td>\n<td>1953&ndash;2005<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>656 built by Canadair with the Rolls-Royce Nene engine in place of the American T-33&rsquo;s Allison.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph46\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing Vertol CH-113 Labrador and CH-113A Voyageur<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue and medium transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>1963&ndash;2004<\/td>\n<td>CH-149 Cormorant<\/td>\n<td>Six CH-113 Labrador for the RCAF and twelve CH-113A Voyageur for the army, later converted to a common SAR standard.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph47\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" class=\"was\">Bell CH-135 Twin Huey<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>1971&ndash;1999<\/td>\n<td>CH-146 Griffon<\/td>\n<td>50 aircraft, the Bell 212 built at Mirabel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph48\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing CC-137 Husky<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic transport and air-to-air refuelling<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>1970&ndash;1997<\/td>\n<td>CC-150 Polaris<\/td>\n<td>Five Boeing 707-347C aircraft; two were fitted with wing refuelling pods in 1972 for the fighter force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph49\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" class=\"was\">Bell CH-118 Iroquois<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1968&ndash;1997<\/td>\n<td>CH-146 Griffon<\/td>\n<td>Ten aircraft, the Canadian UH-1H.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph50\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell CH-136 Kiowa<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light observation helicopter<\/td>\n<td>74<\/td>\n<td>1971&ndash;1997<\/td>\n<td>CH-146 Griffon<\/td>\n<td>74 aircraft built by Bell at Mirabel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph51\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CF-116 Freedom Fighter (CF-5)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light attack, tactical reconnaissance and fighter lead-in training<\/td>\n<td>135<\/td>\n<td>1968&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td>CF-188 Hornet<\/td>\n<td>135 built by Canadair at Cartierville, comprising 89 CF-5A and 46 CF-5D; 105 Canadair-built aircraft went to the Netherlands as the NF-5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph52\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Passenger and utility transport<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1994<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>13 aircraft, a Convair 440 re-engined with Napier Eland and later Allison turboprops.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph53\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft CT-134 Musketeer<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Primary flying training<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>1970&ndash;1992<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>48 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph54\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Canada CP-121 Tracker (CS2F)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carrier-borne and shore-based anti-submarine warfare, later coastal patrol<\/td>\n<td>99<\/td>\n<td>1968&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>99 CS2F aircraft built under licence by de Havilland Canada for the Royal Canadian Navy, of which 73 passed to the unified Canadian Forces in 1968 as the CP-121.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph55\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dassault CC-117 Falcon 20<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Executive transport and electronic warfare training<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1967&ndash;1989<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph56\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas CC-129 Dakota<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>169<\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1988<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>169 aircraft over 45 years of Canadian service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-101-voodoo\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph57\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-101-voodoo\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nuclear-armed all-weather interceptor<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1987<\/td>\n<td>CF-188 Hornet<\/td>\n<td>132 airframes passed through Canadian hands in two batches: 66 from 1961 and a second batch of 66 exchanged for newer aircraft in 1970&ndash;71.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph58\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CF-104 Starfighter<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nuclear strike, conventional attack and tactical reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>239<\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;1986<\/td>\n<td>CF-188 Hornet<\/td>\n<td>200 CF-104 built by Canadair under licence plus 39 CF-104D two-seaters built by Lockheed, and a small number of ex-Luftwaffe airframes taken later.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph59\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CSR-123 Otter<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility transport and search and rescue<\/td>\n<td>69<\/td>\n<td>1953&ndash;1984<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>69 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/cf-100-canuck\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph60\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/cf-100-canuck\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>All-weather interceptor; electronic warfare training<\/td>\n<td>692<\/td>\n<td>1951&ndash;1981<\/td>\n<td>CF-101 Voodoo<\/td>\n<td>692 built, the only Canadian-designed fighter ever to enter mass production and the only one to serve in quantity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph61\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CP-107 Argus<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td>1957&ndash;1981<\/td>\n<td>CP-140 Aurora<\/td>\n<td>33 built at Cartierville on a modified Bristol Britannia airframe with piston engines.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph62\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre (CL-13 Mk 2 to Mk 6)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td>1,184<\/td>\n<td>1950&ndash;1977<\/td>\n<td>CF-104 Starfighter<\/td>\n<td>1,184 taken on charge by the RCAF out of 1,815 built by Canadair at Cartierville; the balance went to the RAF, West Germany, South Africa and others. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The Mk 6 with the Orenda 14 engine was the best-performing Sabre built anywhere.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph63\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-84 Dynavert<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Experimental tilt-wing VTOL<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;1975<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three aircraft, designated CX-131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph64\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piasecki CH-125 H-21 and Vertol CH-127<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue and transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1954&ndash;1973<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>15 CH-125 and five CH-127.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph65\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hiller CH-112 Nomad<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light observation helicopter<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1973<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>27 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph66\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing CIM-108 Bomarc<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nuclear-armed long-range surface-to-air missile<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>56 CIM-10B missiles at two sites, 28 at each. 446 Surface-to-Air Missile Squadron at North Bay from 28 December 1961 and 447 Surface-to-Air Missile Squadron at La Macaza, Quebec.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph67\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CT-120 Chipmunk<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Elementary flying training<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>1948&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>100 aircraft, the first original design built by de Havilland Canada after the war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph68\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft CT-128 Expeditor<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multi-engine training and light transport<\/td>\n<td>398<\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>398 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph69\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CC-106 Yukon<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic transport<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>12 aircraft, a Bristol Britannia airframe with Rolls-Royce Tyne engines.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph70\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada CC-108 Caribou<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Nine aircraft, used largely on United Nations service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph71\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grumman CSR-110 Albatross<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue amphibian<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>10 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-p-2-neptune\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph72\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-p-2-neptune\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed CP-122 Neptune<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;1970<\/td>\n<td>CP-107 Argus<\/td>\n<td>25 P2V-7 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph73\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American Harvard<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced flying training<\/td>\n<td>2,156<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2,156 aircraft over three decades, many built by Noorduyn at Montreal and later by Canadian Car and Foundry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph74\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>1952&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>35 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph75\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bristol Freighter<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1952&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six aircraft, used in Europe by 137 Transport Flight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph76\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair C-54GM North Star<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strategic transport<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>1947&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>24 aircraft, a Douglas DC-4 airframe re-engined with Rolls-Royce Merlins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph77\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Lancaster Mk.X<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber, later maritime patrol and photographic survey<\/td>\n<td>229<\/td>\n<td>1944&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>229 aircraft, including 430 Mk.X bombers built by Victory Aircraft at Malton of which the RCAF retained a proportion; post-war Lancasters were rebuilt for maritime and survey work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph78\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Comet 1A<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1953&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph79\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\" class=\"was\">North American Mitchell<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber, later training and transport<\/td>\n<td>164<\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1963<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>164 aircraft; 98 Squadron and 180 Squadron trained Canadians on the type and it served post-war as a crew trainer into 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph80\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Canso and Catalina<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare<\/td>\n<td>254<\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1962<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>254 aircraft, most built in Canada by Canadian Vickers at Cartierville and Boeing of Canada at Vancouver.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph81\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" class=\"was\">North American Mustang Mk.IV<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter, auxiliary squadrons<\/td>\n<td>130<\/td>\n<td>1947&ndash;1961<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>130 P-51D aircraft acquired after the war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-arrow\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph82\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-arrow\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Supersonic all-weather interceptor (cancelled)<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1959<\/td>\n<td>CF-101 Voodoo and Bomarc<\/td>\n<td>Five Mk 1 airframes flew, RL-201 to RL-205. The first Mk 2, RL-206, with Orenda Iroquois engines, was ready for taxi trials when the programme was cancelled and never flew.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph83\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Vampire F.3<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td>86<\/td>\n<td>1946&ndash;1958<\/td>\n<td>Canadair Sabre<\/td>\n<td>86 aircraft, the first Canadian jet fighters.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph84\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Noorduyn Norseman<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility transport<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1957<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>100 aircraft of a Canadian bush design that could take wheels, skis or floats.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph85\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Avro Anson<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multi-engine and navigation training<\/td>\n<td>4,413<\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1954<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>4,413 aircraft, the largest single type the RCAF has ever owned. Many were built in Canada by Federal Aircraft with Canadian engines and plywood fuselages when British supply ran short.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph86\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Mosquito<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Night fighter, intruder, bomber and photographic reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>444<\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1951<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>444 aircraft, many built by de Havilland Canada at Downsview.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph87\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and photographic reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1950<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Only eight Spitfires were ever on Canadian charge. The RCAF squadrons that flew Spitfires overseas flew Royal Air Force aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph88\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna Crane<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multi-engine training<\/td>\n<td>826<\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1949<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>826 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph89\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker Hurricane<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>502<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>502 aircraft, of which 451 were built in Canada by the Canadian Car and Foundry Company at Fort William.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph90\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed Hudson<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and bomber reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>247<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>247 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph91\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland DH.82C Tiger Moth<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Elementary flying training<\/td>\n<td>1,410<\/td>\n<td>1938&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1,410 aircraft, the Canadian DH.82C with a cockpit canopy, wheel brakes, a tail wheel and skis for winter flying.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph92\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairchild Cornell<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Elementary flying training<\/td>\n<td>1,555<\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1,555 aircraft, most built by Fleet Aircraft at Fort Erie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph93\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Consolidated Liberator<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Very-long-range maritime patrol and transport<\/td>\n<td>148<\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>148 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph94\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>1944&ndash;1947<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Five aircraft taken on Canadian charge; the great majority of RCAF Halifaxes overseas were RAF aircraft on Canadian squadrons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph95\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed Ventura<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and training<\/td>\n<td>286<\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1947<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>286 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph96\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bristol Fairchild Bolingbroke<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Coastal patrol bomber and gunnery trainer<\/td>\n<td>626<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1947<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>626 aircraft, the Canadian-built version of the Bristol Blenheim, made by Fairchild at Longueuil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph97\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Oxford<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multi-engine and navigation training<\/td>\n<td>819<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1947<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>819 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph98\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fleet Finch and Fleet Fawn<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Elementary flying training<\/td>\n<td>482<\/td>\n<td>1931&ndash;1947<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>431 Finch and 51 Fawn, built by Fleet Aircraft at Fort Erie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph99\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss Kittyhawk and Tomahawk<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and home defence<\/td>\n<td>147<\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>134 Kittyhawks, four Tomahawks and nine Warhawks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph100\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairey Battle<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bomber and training<\/td>\n<td>740<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>740 aircraft, almost all used as target tugs, gunnery trainers and bombing trainers in Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph101\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Westland Lysander<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Army co-operation, target towing and coastal patrol<\/td>\n<td>329<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>329 aircraft, 225 of them built under licence by National Steel Car at Malton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph102\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas Digby<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol bomber<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>20 aircraft, the Canadian name for the Douglas B-18A Bolo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph103\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Stranraer<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>1938&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>40 aircraft, built under licence by Canadian Vickers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph104\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Northrop Delta<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Photographic survey and coastal patrol<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1936&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>20 aircraft, built by Canadian Vickers &mdash; the first all-metal aircraft built in Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph105\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Handley Page Hampden<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Torpedo bomber and patrol<\/td>\n<td>96<\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>96 aircraft, mostly used on the Pacific coast and for torpedo training.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph106\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Blackburn Shark<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Torpedo bomber and coastal patrol<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>1936&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>26 aircraft, built under licence by Boeing of Canada at Vancouver.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph107\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Westland Wapiti and Armstrong Whitworth Atlas<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Army co-operation and general purpose<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td>1927&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>25 Wapiti and 16 Atlas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph108\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadian Vickers Vedette<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Forestry patrol and photographic survey flying boat<\/td>\n<td>44<\/td>\n<td>1925&ndash;1941<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>44 aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph109\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armstrong Whitworth Siskin<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and display<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1926&ndash;1939<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>12 aircraft, the RCAF&rsquo;s first true fighter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph110\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sopwith Snipe, Sopwith Camel and Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and training<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>1919&ndash;1929<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three Snipes, ten Camels and twelve S.E.5a, part of the Imperial Gift of 1919 that also included captured Fokker D.VIIs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph111\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Curtiss HS-2L and Felixstowe F.3<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Forestry and coastal patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td>1920&ndash;1928<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>30 HS-2L and 11 Felixstowe F.3, part of the Imperial Gift of surplus British aircraft that equipped the first Canadian Air Force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph112\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Burgess-Dunne floatplane<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1914&ndash;1914<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One aircraft, Canada&rsquo;s first military aeroplane, bought for the Canadian Aviation Corps in September 1914.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the RCAF flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the stations that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">The hollow pins reach into Germany, France and England, because from 1951 to 1994 Canada kept four fighter wings in Europe &mdash; and into the High Arctic, because the northern network is the part of the map that is being rebuilt.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"mapsub\">Canada<\/h3>\n<p class=\"mapnote\">11 of the 62 bases above sit outside Canada, so the world map has to pull back until the home airfields cannot be told apart. The same pins again, without the overseas bases.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap2\" class=\"oobmap home\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"oob2-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob2-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province or territory, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province or territory, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-kingston\" data-base=\"kingston\" data-x=\"active active 1 Wing Kingston YGK\">\n<td>1 Wing Kingston<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYGK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>1,829 m<\/span><span><span>07\/25<\/span>1,199 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>1 Wing Headquarters<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-shearwater\" data-base=\"shearwater\" data-x=\"active active 12 Wing \/ Shearwater Heliport, part of CFB Halifax \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/shearwater\/\">12 Wing Shearwater<\/a><span>Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYAW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>16H\/34H<\/span>1,067 m<span>asphalt (helicopter operations)<\/span><\/span><span><span>16\/34<\/span>2,743 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><span><span>10\/28<\/span>1,735 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-148 Cyclone<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-148 Cyclone<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Maritime Helicopter Test and Evaluation Flight<\/span>: <span>CH-148 Cyclone<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-greenwood\" data-base=\"greenwood\" data-x=\"active active 14 Wing \/ CFB Greenwood YZX\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/greenwood\/\">14 Wing Greenwood<\/a><span>Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYZX<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,438 m<span>grooved asphalt<\/span><\/span><span><span>12\/30<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron<\/span>: <span>CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>405 Long Range Patrol Squadron<\/span>: <span>CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron<\/span>: <span>CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>413 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-295 Kingfisher, CH-149 Cormorant<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Long Range Patrol Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/span>: <span>CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-moose-jaw\" data-base=\"moose-jaw\" data-x=\"active active 15 Wing \/ CFB Moose Jaw YMJ\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/moose-jaw\/\">15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/a><span>Saskatchewan<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYMJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>11L\/29R<\/span>2,536 m<\/span><span><span>11R\/29L<\/span>2,219 m<\/span><span><span>03\/21<\/span>1,054 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>CT-156 Harvard II, CT-157 Siskin II<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>431 Air Demonstration Squadron &mdash; the Snowbirds<\/span>: <span>CT-114 Tutor<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>15 Air Traffic Control Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-borden\" data-base=\"borden\" data-x=\"active active 16 Wing \/ CFB Borden \">\n<td>16 Wing Borden<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYBN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Royal Canadian Air Force Academy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering<\/span>: <span>CT-155 Hawk (instructional airframes)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-winnipeg\" data-base=\"winnipeg\" data-x=\"active active 17 Wing \/ CFB Winnipeg YWG\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/winnipeg\/\">17 Wing Winnipeg<\/a><span>Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYWG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>18\/36<\/span>3,353 m<\/span><span><span>13\/31<\/span>2,695 m<\/span><span><span>07\/25<\/span>1,372 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>435 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130H Hercules<\/a>, CC-295 Kingfisher<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>402 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CT-142 Dash 8<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region Headquarters<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>2 Canadian Air Division<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Canadian Forces School of Survival and Aeromedical Training<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-comox\" data-base=\"comox\" data-x=\"active active 19 Wing \/ CFB Comox YQQ\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/comox\/\">19 Wing Comox<\/a><span>British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYQQ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>12\/30<\/span>3,048 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>18\/36<\/span>1,523 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>442 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-149 Cormorant, CC-295 Kingfisher<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>407 Long Range Patrol Squadron<\/span>: <span>CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-295 Kingfisher<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Canadian Forces School of Search and Rescue<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Search and Rescue Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/span>: <span>CH-149 Cormorant, CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-north-bay\" data-base=\"north-bay\" data-x=\"active active 22 Wing \/ CFB North Bay YYB\">\n<td>22 Wing North Bay<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>3,048 m<\/span><span><span>18\/36<\/span>1,364 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>51 Aerospace Control and Warning Operational Training Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Detachment 2, First Air Force (United States Air Force)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>446 Surface-to-Air Missile Squadron<\/span>: <span>CIM-10B Bomarc<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-valcartier\" data-base=\"valcartier\" data-x=\"active active 430 Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res under 1 Wing \">\n<td>2nd Canadian Division Support Base Valcartier<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYOY<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>430e Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-bagotville\" data-base=\"bagotville\" data-x=\"active active 3e Escadre \/ 2e Escadre \/ BFC Bagotville YBG\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/bagotville\/\">3 Wing Bagotville<\/a><span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYBG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>11\/29<\/span>3,048 m<span>asphalt and concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>18\/36<\/span>1,838 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>425 Tactical Fighter Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>433 Tactical Fighter Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>439 Domestic Response Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>2 Wing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>12 Radar Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-edmonton-namao\" data-base=\"edmonton-namao\" data-x=\"active active 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron under 1 Wing; the garrison is army \">\n<td>3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton<small>CFB Namao<\/small><span>Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYED<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>CFB Edmonton (Namao)<\/span>: <span>CC-130 Hercules, CC-138 Twin Otter, CH-113 Labrador<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-cold-lake\" data-base=\"cold-lake\" data-x=\"active active 4 Wing \/ CFB Cold Lake YOD\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/cold-lake\/\">4 Wing Cold Lake<\/a><span>Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYOD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13L\/31R<\/span>3,840 m<\/span><span><span>13R\/31L<\/span>3,048 m<\/span><span><span>04\/22<\/span>2,522 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>401 Tactical Fighter Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>409 Tactical Fighter Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>417 Domestic Response Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Fighter Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>42 Radar Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\">CT-155 Hawk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">CF-116 Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-goose-bay\" data-base=\"goose-bay\" data-x=\"active active 5 Wing \/ CFB Goose Bay YYR\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/goose-bay\/\">5 Wing Goose Bay<\/a><span>Newfoundland and Labrador<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>3,367 m<\/span><span><span>15\/33<\/span>2,920 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>444 Domestic Response Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Forward Operating Location Goose Bay<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gagetown\" data-base=\"gagetown\" data-x=\"active active 403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron under 1 Wing \">\n<td>5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown<span>New Brunswick<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYCX<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-trenton\" data-base=\"trenton\" data-x=\"active active 8 Wing \/ CFB Trenton YTR\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/trenton\/\">8 Wing Trenton<\/a><span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYTR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>3,048 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>429 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-177 Globemaster III<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>436 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130J Hercules<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>437 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-150 Polaris, CC-330 Husky<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>426 Transport Training Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130H\/J Hercules<\/a>, CC-150 Polaris<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>424 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130J Hercules<\/a>, CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre<\/span>: <span>CE-145C Vigilance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gander\" data-base=\"gander\" data-x=\"active active 9 Wing \/ CFB Gander YQX\">\n<td>9 Wing Gander<span>Newfoundland and Labrador<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYQX<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>3,109 m<\/span><span><span>13\/31<\/span>2,713 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>103 Search and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-149 Cormorant<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-alert\" data-base=\"alert\" data-x=\"active active Canadian Forces Station Alert, under 8 Wing Trenton YLT\">\n<td>Canadian Forces Station Alert<span>Nunavut<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYLT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05T\/23T<\/span>1,676 m<span>gravel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Canadian Forces Station Alert<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-inuvik\" data-base=\"inuvik\" data-x=\"active active Forward Operating Location under 4 Wing Cold Lake YEV\">\n<td>Forward Operating Location Inuvik<span>Northwest Territories<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYEV<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>1,829 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Forward Operating Location Inuvik<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-iqaluit\" data-base=\"iqaluit\" data-x=\"active active Forward Operating Location under 3 Wing Bagotville YFB\">\n<td>Forward Operating Location Iqaluit<span>Nunavut<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYFB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>16\/34<\/span>2,623 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Forward Operating Location Iqaluit<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-petawawa\" data-base=\"petawawa\" data-x=\"active active 4th Canadian Division Support Base Petawawa (army); RCAF lodger units under 1 Wing and CANSOFCOM \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/petawawa\/\">Garrison Petawawa<\/a><span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYWA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17H\/35H<\/span>497 m<span>reinforced concrete (helicopter operations)<\/span><\/span><span><span>17\/35<\/span>1,158 m<span>grass (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-147F Chinook<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ottawa-uplands\" data-base=\"ottawa-uplands\" data-x=\"active active 412 Transport Squadron, lodger at Ottawa International YOW\">\n<td>Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport<small>RCAF Station Uplands<\/small><span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYOW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14\/32<\/span>3,048 m<\/span><span><span>07\/25<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><span><span>04\/22<\/span>1,006 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>412 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-144C\/D Challenger<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>CFB Ottawa South (RCAF Station Uplands)<\/span>: <span>CF-100 Canuck, CT-133 Silver Star, Avro CF-105 Arrow (test)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-rankin-inlet\" data-base=\"rankin-inlet\" data-x=\"active active No permanent RCAF unit YRT\">\n<td>Rankin Inlet<small>Arctic support hub<\/small><span>Nunavut<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYRT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13T\/31T<\/span>1,829 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-saint-hubert\" data-base=\"saint-hubert\" data-x=\"active active 438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 1 Wing; and the Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight YHU\">\n<td>Saint-Hubert<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYHU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06L\/24R<\/span>2,390 m<\/span><span><span>06R\/24L<\/span>1,195 m<\/span><span><span>10\/28<\/span>853 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-147F Chinook<\/a>, CH-146 Griffon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-portage-la-prairie\" data-base=\"portage-la-prairie\" data-x=\"active active 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, a contracted unit under 15 Wing Moose Jaw \">\n<td>Southport Aerospace Centre, Portage la Prairie<span>Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYPG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13R\/31L<\/span>2,134 m<\/span><span><span>13L\/31R<\/span>954 m<\/span><span><span>02\/20<\/span>928 m<\/span><span><span>09\/27<\/span>814 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>CT-145 King Air, CH-139 Jet Ranger, Bell 412CF, CT-102 Astra, CT-153 Juno<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-victoria-patricia-bay\" data-base=\"victoria-patricia-bay\" data-x=\"active active 443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron under 12 Wing Shearwater YYJ\">\n<td>Victoria International Airport<small>Patricia Bay<\/small><span>British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>09\/27<\/span>2,134 m<\/span><span><span>03\/21<\/span>1,532 m<\/span><span><span>14\/32<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-148 Cyclone<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>RCAF Station Patricia Bay<\/span>: <span>Curtiss Kittyhawk, Bristol Bolingbroke, Consolidated Canso<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-yellowknife\" data-base=\"yellowknife\" data-x=\"active active 440 Transport Squadron under 8 Wing Trenton; Joint Task Force North YZF\">\n<td>Yellowknife<span>Northwest Territories<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYZF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>16\/34<\/span>2,286 m<\/span><span><span>10\/28<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>440 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-138 Twin Otter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Forward Operating Location Yellowknife<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-downsview\" data-base=\"downsview\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Downsview, later CFB Toronto \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Downsview<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYZD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1996<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>15\/33<\/span>2,135 m<span>asphalt (closed 2024)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>400 Squadron<\/span>: <span>de Havilland Vampire, Canadair Silver Star, CH-136 Kiowa<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>411 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Silver Star, CH-136 Kiowa<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>RCAF Flying Personnel Medical Establishment<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-lahr\" data-base=\"lahr\" data-x=\"active closed 1 Wing, then 1 Air Division and 1 Canadian Air Group headquarters; 3 (Fighter) Wing from 1988 LHA\" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFB Lahr<small>3 Wing<\/small><span>Baden-W&#252;rttemberg<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EDTL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>3,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>439 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>441 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>430 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>CH-136 Kiowa, CH-135 Twin Huey<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>412 Squadron detachment<\/span>: <span>CC-109 Cosmopolitan, CC-132 Dash 7, CT-142 Dash 8<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-namao\" data-base=\"namao\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Namao, later CFB Edmonton \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Namao<span>Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>12\/30<\/span>4,267 m<span>concrete (removed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>435 Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>Douglas Dakota, CC-130 Hercules<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>418 Squadron<\/span>: <span>de Havilland Mosquito, Beechcraft Expeditor, CC-138 Twin Otter<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-baden-soellingen\" data-base=\"baden-soellingen\" data-x=\"active closed 4 (Fighter) Wing; from 1970 CFB Europe (Baden); 1 Canadian Air Division headquarters from 1993 FKB\" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFB Baden-Soellingen<small>4 Wing<\/small><span>Baden-W&#252;rttemberg<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EDSB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1993<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>2,983 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>414 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>422 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>444 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>419 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-100 Canuck<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>421 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter, CF-188 Hornet<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>439 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter, CF-188 Hornet<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>441 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>409 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-188 Hornet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-summerside\" data-base=\"summerside\" data-x=\"active closed CFB Summerside YSU\" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFB Summerside<span>Prince Edward Island<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYSU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1991<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><span><span>12\/30<\/span>1,615 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><span><span>18\/36<\/span>1,664 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>415 Maritime Patrol Squadron<\/span>: <span>Lockheed CP-122 Neptune, Canadair CP-107 Argus, CP-140 Aurora<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>413 Transport and Rescue Squadron<\/span>: <span>CC-115 Buffalo, CH-113 Labrador<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>880 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CP-121 Tracker<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 1 Air Navigation School<\/span>: <span>Avro Lancaster, Beechcraft Expeditor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-holberg\" data-base=\"holberg\" data-x=\"active closed Canadian Forces Station Holberg \" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFS Holberg<span>British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1991<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 51 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-mont-apica\" data-base=\"mont-apica\" data-x=\"active closed Canadian Forces Station Mont Apica \" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFS Mont Apica<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1990<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 12 Radar Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>2452 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-chatham\" data-base=\"chatham\" data-x=\"active closed CFB Chatham YCH\" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFB Chatham<span>New Brunswick<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYCH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1989<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>09\/27<\/span>3,050 m<\/span><span><span>04\/22<\/span>1,585 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><span><span>15\/33<\/span>1,680 m<span>asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>421 Squadron<\/span>: <span>de Havilland Vampire, Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>416 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-101 Voodoo<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>434 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-116 Freedom Fighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Golden Hawks<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-senneterre\" data-base=\"senneterre\" data-x=\"active closed Canadian Forces Station Senneterre \" class=\"was\">\n<td>CFS Senneterre<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CTK2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1988<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>1,219 m<span>unpaved<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 21 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-puntzi-mountain\" data-base=\"puntzi-mountain\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Puntzi Mountain \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Puntzi Mountain<span>British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYPU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1988<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>1,833 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 55 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-la-macaza\" data-base=\"la-macaza\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station La Macaza YTM\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station La Macaza<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYFJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1972<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>02\/20<\/span>1,703 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>447 Surface-to-Air Missile Squadron<\/span>: <span>CIM-10B Bomarc<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-clinton\" data-base=\"clinton\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Clinton \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Clinton<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 31 Radio School \/ Radar and Communications School<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-debert\" data-base=\"debert\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Debert \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Debert<span>Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CCQ3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>09\/27<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><span><span>16\/34<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><span><span>05\/23<\/span>914 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 31 Operational Training Unit<\/span>: <span>Lockheed Hudson, Bristol Bolingbroke<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 7 Operational Training Unit<\/span>: <span>Douglas Dakota<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gimli\" data-base=\"gimli\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Gimli \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Gimli<span>Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYGM<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>15\/33<\/span>2,073 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 18 Service Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>North American Harvard<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Advanced flying training<\/span>: <span>Canadair Silver Star, Canadair CT-114 Tutor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-decimomannu\" data-base=\"decimomannu\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Air Weapons Unit, Decimomannu DCI\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Air Weapons Unit Decimomannu<span>Sardegna<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LIED<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1970<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>16L\/34R<\/span>2,985 m<\/span><span><span>16R\/34L<\/span>2,765 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>RCAF Air Weapons Unit Decimomannu<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-100 Canuck, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-mountain-view\" data-base=\"mountain-view\" data-x=\"active closed Satellite airfield of 8 Wing Trenton \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Mountain View<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CPZ3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1970<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06R\/24L<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><span><span>16\/34<\/span>914 m<\/span><span><span>06L\/24R<\/span>1,463 m<span>gravel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Central Region Gliding School<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 6 Bombing and Gunnery School<\/span>: <span>Fairey Battle, Avro Anson<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-resolute-bay\" data-base=\"resolute-bay\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Resolute Bay YRB\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Resolute Bay<span>Nunavut<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYRB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1970<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17T\/35T<\/span>1,981 m<span>gravel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Joint Arctic Weather Station Resolute<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-val-dor\" data-base=\"val-dor\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Val d&rsquo;Or YVO\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Val d&rsquo;Or<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYVO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1970<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>18\/36<\/span>3,048 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>432 Squadron \/ 425 Squadron detachment<\/span>: <span>CF-101 Voodoo<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-picton\" data-base=\"picton\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Picton \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Picton<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1969<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>Former runway<\/span>1,100 m<span>asphalt (abandoned)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 31 Bombing and Gunnery School<\/span>: <span>Fairey Battle, Avro Anson, Westland Lysander<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-zweibruecken\" data-base=\"zweibruecken\" data-x=\"active closed 3 (Fighter) Wing, No. 1 Air Division ZQW\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Zweibr&#252;cken<small>3 Wing<\/small><span>Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EDRZ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1969<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>2,675 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>413 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>427 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>434 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>440 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-100 Canuck<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>430 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-whitehorse\" data-base=\"whitehorse\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Whitehorse YXA\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Whitehorse<span>Yukon<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYXY<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1968<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14R\/32L<\/span>2,895 m<\/span><span><span>14L\/32R<\/span>2,011 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Northwest Staging Route station<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-centralia\" data-base=\"centralia\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Centralia \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Centralia<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYCE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1967<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10\/28<\/span>1,528 m<\/span><span><span>16\/34<\/span>1,341 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Primary Flying School and No. 1 Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>North American Harvard, de Havilland Canada Chipmunk, Beechcraft Expeditor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-marville\" data-base=\"marville\" data-x=\"active closed 1 (Fighter) Wing, No. 1 Air Division \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Marville<small>1 Wing<\/small><span>Grand Est<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1967<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>Main runway<\/span>2,440 m<span>concrete (disused)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>439 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>441 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>445 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-100 Canuck<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-metz\" data-base=\"metz\" data-x=\"active closed No. 1 Air Division Headquarters \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Metz<small>1 Air Division Headquarters<\/small><span>Grand Est<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1967<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,400 m<span>asphalt (disused)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 1 Air Division Headquarters<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>601 Telecommunications Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>61 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>6 Tactical Air Control Centre \/ 1 Air Division Operations Centre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-penhold\" data-base=\"penhold\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Penhold YQF\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Penhold<span>Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYQF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1965<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>2,286 m<\/span><span><span>12\/30<\/span>1,051 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 36 Service Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>Airspeed Oxford<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 4 Flying Training School<\/span>: <span>North American Harvard, Canadair Silver Star<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-churchill\" data-base=\"churchill\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Churchill YYQ\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Churchill<span>Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYQ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>15\/33<\/span>2,804 m<\/span><span><span>07\/25<\/span>1,219 m<span>gravel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Arctic operations and rocket range support<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-grostenquin\" data-base=\"grostenquin\" data-x=\"active closed 2 (Fighter) Wing, No. 1 Air Division \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Grostenquin<small>2 Wing<\/small><span>Grand Est<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>Main runway<\/span>2,440 m<span>concrete (abandoned)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>416 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>421 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>430 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>423 Squadron<\/span>: <span>CF-100 Canuck<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>109 Communications Flight<\/span>: <span>Douglas Dakota<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-langar\" data-base=\"langar\" data-x=\"active closed 30 Air Materiel Base \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Langar<small>30 Air Materiel Base<\/small><span>England<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>Grass strip<\/span>900 m<span>grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>30 Air Materiel Base<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>137 (Transport) Flight<\/span>: <span>Douglas Dakota, Bristol Freighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>312 Supply Depot<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-calgary-lincoln-park\" data-base=\"calgary-lincoln-park\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Lincoln Park \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Lincoln Park<small>Currie Field<\/small><span>Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 10 Repair Depot and Technical Training School<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-parent\" data-base=\"parent\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Parent \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Parent<span>Qu&#233;bec<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYPP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>907 m<span>gravel<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 22 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-rockcliffe\" data-base=\"rockcliffe\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Rockcliffe \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Rockcliffe<span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYRO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>09\/27<\/span>1,006 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>RCAF Photographic Establishment<\/span>: <span>Avro Lancaster, Douglas Dakota, de Havilland Canada Otter<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-vancouver-sea-island\" data-base=\"vancouver-sea-island\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Sea Island YVR\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Sea Island<span>British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYVR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08R\/26L<\/span>3,505 m<\/span><span><span>08L\/26R<\/span>3,030 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Western Air Command squadrons<\/span>: <span>Blackburn Shark, Bristol Bolingbroke, Curtiss Kittyhawk, de Havilland Vampire<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>442 Squadron<\/span>: <span>North American Mustang, de Havilland Vampire, Canadair Silver Star<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-st-johns-torbay\" data-base=\"st-johns-torbay\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Torbay YYT\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Torbay<span>Newfoundland and Labrador<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10\/28<\/span>2,591 m<\/span><span><span>16\/34<\/span>2,135 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>9 Wing Air Reserve Flight Detachment Torbay<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Eastern Air Command squadrons<\/span>: <span>Lockheed Hudson, Consolidated Canso, Curtiss Kittyhawk, de Havilland Vampire<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-toronto-malton\" data-base=\"toronto-malton\" data-x=\"active closed No permanent RCAF unit after the 1950s YYZ\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Malton<small>Avro Canada and RCAF Station Malton<\/small><span>Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYYZ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1959<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>3,389 m<span>asphalt and concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>15L\/33R<\/span>3,368 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>A.V. Roe Canada<\/span>: <span>Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow, Avro Canada C-102 Jetliner<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-north-luffenham\" data-base=\"north-luffenham\" data-x=\"active closed 1 (Fighter) Wing, RCAF \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station North Luffenham<small>1 Wing<\/small><span>England<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1955<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>Main runway<\/span>1,830 m<span>concrete (disused)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>410 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>441 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>439 Squadron<\/span>: <span>Canadair Sabre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-moncton\" data-base=\"moncton\" data-x=\"active closed RCAF Station Moncton YQM\" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Moncton<span>New Brunswick<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CYQM<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1946<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><span><span>11\/29<\/span>1,829 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 8 Service Flying Training School and No. 31 Personnel Depot<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Royal Canadian Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, with the wing each belongs to. <span class=\"imp\">Canadian squadrons carry numbers in the 400 block, allocated to the Dominions under Article XV of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan agreement of 1939 so that Canadian units could serve inside the RAF command structure and stay Canadian. Several of today&rsquo;s squadrons trace directly to those wartime units.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-toggleall=\"#oobwrap\">Expand all<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap coll\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Alberta active 4 Wing \/ CFB Cold Lake\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/cold-lake\/\">4 Wing Cold Lake<\/a> &middot; CYOD<\/span><em>4 Wing \/ CFB Cold Lake<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>401 Tactical Fighter Squadron<small>Ram &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>409 Tactical Fighter Squadron<small>Nighthawk &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron<small>Cougar &middot; Fighter conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>417 Domestic Response Squadron<small>Domestic response squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt>Fighter Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<small>Test and evaluation flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>42 Radar Squadron<small>Radar squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">419 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron<small>1975&ndash;2024<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CT-155 Hawk, CF-116 Freedom Fighter<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Qu&#233;bec active 3e Escadre \/ 2e Escadre \/ BFC Bagotville\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/bagotville\/\">3 Wing Bagotville<\/a> &middot; CYBG<\/span><em>3e Escadre \/ 2e Escadre \/ BFC Bagotville<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>425 Tactical Fighter Squadron<small>Alouette &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>433 Tactical Fighter Squadron<small>Porcs-&eacute;pics &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>439 Domestic Response Squadron<small>Domestic response squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt>2 Wing<small>Expeditionary air wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>12 Radar Squadron<small>Radar squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 8 Wing \/ CFB Trenton\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/trenton\/\">8 Wing Trenton<\/a> &middot; CYTR<\/span><em>8 Wing \/ CFB Trenton<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>429 Transport Squadron<small>Bison &middot; Strategic airlift squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-177 Globemaster III<\/dd>\n<dt>436 Transport Squadron<small>Elephant &middot; Tactical airlift squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130J Hercules<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>437 Transport Squadron<small>Husky &middot; Strategic transport and tanker squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-150 Polaris, CC-330 Husky<\/dd>\n<dt>426 Transport Training Squadron<small>Thunderbird &middot; Air mobility training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130H\/J Hercules<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>424 Transport and Rescue Squadron<small>Tiger &middot; Search and rescue squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130J Hercules<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre<small>Parachute school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>RCAF Aerospace Warfare Centre<small>Doctrine, test and evaluation formation &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CE-145C Vigilance<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nova Scotia active 14 Wing \/ CFB Greenwood\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/greenwood\/\">14 Wing Greenwood<\/a> &middot; CYZX<\/span><em>14 Wing \/ CFB Greenwood<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>404 Long Range Patrol and Training Squadron<small>Buffalo &middot; Maritime patrol training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CP-140 Aurora<\/dd>\n<dt>405 Long Range Patrol Squadron<small>Eagle &middot; Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CP-140 Aurora<\/dd>\n<dt>415 Long Range Patrol Force Development Squadron<small>Swordfish &middot; Force development squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CP-140 Aurora<\/dd>\n<dt>413 Transport and Rescue Squadron<small>Tusker &middot; Search and rescue squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-295 Kingfisher, CH-149 Cormorant<\/dd>\n<dt>Long Range Patrol Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<small>Test and evaluation flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CP-140 Aurora<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"British Columbia active 19 Wing \/ CFB Comox\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/comox\/\">19 Wing Comox<\/a> &middot; CYQQ<\/span><em>19 Wing \/ CFB Comox<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>442 Transport and Rescue Squadron<small>Caribou &middot; Search and rescue squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-149 Cormorant, CC-295 Kingfisher<\/dd>\n<dt>407 Long Range Patrol Squadron<small>Demon &middot; Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CP-140 Aurora<\/dd>\n<dt>418 Search and Rescue Operational Training Squadron<small>SAR training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-295 Kingfisher<\/dd>\n<dt>Canadian Forces School of Search and Rescue<small>SAR training school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Search and Rescue Operational Test and Evaluation Flight<small>Test and evaluation flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-149 Cormorant, CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Newfoundland and Labrador active 5 Wing \/ CFB Goose Bay\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/goose-bay\/\">5 Wing Goose Bay<\/a> &middot; CYYR<\/span><em>5 Wing \/ CFB Goose Bay<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>444 Domestic Response Squadron<small>Cobra &middot; Domestic response squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt>Forward Operating Location Goose Bay<small>NORAD forward operating location &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nova Scotia active 12 Wing \/ Shearwater Heliport, part of CFB Halifax\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/shearwater\/\">12 Wing Shearwater<\/a> &middot; CYAW<\/span><em>12 Wing \/ Shearwater Heliport, part of CFB Halifax<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron<small>Eagle &middot; Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-148 Cyclone<\/dd>\n<dt>406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron<small>Lynx &middot; Helicopter conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-148 Cyclone<\/dd>\n<dt>Maritime Helicopter Test and Evaluation Flight<small>Test and evaluation flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-148 Cyclone<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Saskatchewan active 15 Wing \/ CFB Moose Jaw\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/moose-jaw\/\">15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/a> &middot; CYMJ<\/span><em>15 Wing \/ CFB Moose Jaw<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<small>Flying training school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CT-156 Harvard II, CT-157 Siskin II<\/dd>\n<dt>431 Air Demonstration Squadron &mdash; the Snowbirds<small>Snowbirds &middot; Air demonstration squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CT-114 Tutor<\/dd>\n<dt>15 Air Traffic Control Squadron<small>Air traffic control squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Manitoba active 17 Wing \/ CFB Winnipeg\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/winnipeg\/\">17 Wing Winnipeg<\/a> &middot; CYWG<\/span><em>17 Wing \/ CFB Winnipeg<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>435 Transport and Rescue Squadron<small>Chinthe &middot; Search and rescue and tanker squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130H Hercules<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>402 Squadron<small>City of Winnipeg &middot; Air crew training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CT-142 Dash 8<\/dd>\n<dt>1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region Headquarters<small>Operational headquarters &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>2 Canadian Air Division<small>Training formation &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Canadian Forces School of Survival and Aeromedical Training<small>Training school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 4th Canadian Division Support Base Petawawa (army); RCAF lodger units under 1 Wing and CANSOFCOM\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/petawawa\/\">Garrison Petawawa<\/a> &middot; CYWA<\/span><em>4th Canadian Division Support Base Petawawa<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<small>Medium-lift helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-147F Chinook<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron<small>Lion &middot; Special operations aviation squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Newfoundland and Labrador active 9 Wing \/ CFB Gander\">\n<div><span>9 Wing Gander &middot; CYQX<\/span><em>9 Wing \/ CFB Gander<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>103 Search and Rescue Squadron<small>Search and rescue squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-149 Cormorant<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 1 Wing Kingston\">\n<div><span>1 Wing Kingston &middot; CYGK<\/span><em>1 Wing Kingston<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>1 Wing Headquarters<small>Tactical aviation wing headquarters &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 16 Wing \/ CFB Borden\">\n<div><span>16 Wing Borden &middot; CYBN<\/span><em>16 Wing \/ CFB Borden<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<small>City of Toronto &middot; Tactical helicopter squadron &middot; reserve<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt>Royal Canadian Air Force Academy<small>Officer and professional training &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering<small>Technical training school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CT-155 Hawk (instructional airframes)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 22 Wing \/ CFB North Bay\">\n<div><span>22 Wing North Bay &middot; CYYB<\/span><em>22 Wing \/ CFB North Bay<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron<small>Air defence control squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>51 Aerospace Control and Warning Operational Training Squadron<small>Air defence training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Detachment 2, First Air Force (United States Air Force)<small>United States Air Force detachment &middot; usaf<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">446 Surface-to-Air Missile Squadron<small>1961&ndash;1972<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CIM-10B Bomarc<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario active 412 Transport Squadron, lodger at Ottawa International\">\n<div><span>Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport (RCAF Station Uplands) &middot; CYOW<\/span><em>412 Transport Squadron, lodger at Ottawa International<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>412 Transport Squadron<small>Falcon &middot; Government transport squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-144C\/D Challenger<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">CFB Ottawa South (RCAF Station Uplands)<small>1938&ndash;1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CF-100 Canuck, CT-133 Silver Star, Avro CF-105 Arrow (test)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Qu&#233;bec active 438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 1 Wing; and the Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight\">\n<div><span>Saint-Hubert &middot; CYHU<\/span><em>438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron, 1 Wing; and the Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>438 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<small>Wildcat &middot; Tactical helicopter squadron &middot; reserve<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt>Land Aviation Test and Evaluation Flight<small>Test and evaluation flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-147F Chinook<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Manitoba active 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, a contracted unit under 15 Wing Moose Jaw\">\n<div><span>Southport Aerospace Centre, Portage la Prairie &middot; CYPG<\/span><em>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, a contracted unit under 15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School<small>Flying training school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CT-145 King Air, CH-139 Jet Ranger, Bell 412CF, CT-102 Astra, CT-153 Juno<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Northwest Territories active 440 Transport Squadron under 8 Wing Trenton; Joint Task Force North\">\n<div><span>Yellowknife &middot; CYZF<\/span><em>440 Transport Squadron under 8 Wing Trenton; Joint Task Force North<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>440 Transport Squadron<small>Vampire &middot; Arctic utility transport squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CC-138 Twin Otter<\/dd>\n<dt>Forward Operating Location Yellowknife<small>NORAD forward operating location &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Alberta active 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron under 1 Wing; the garrison is army\">\n<div><span>3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton (CFB Namao) &middot; CYED<\/span><em>408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron under 1 Wing; the garrison is army<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron<small>Goose &middot; Tactical helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">CFB Edmonton (Namao)<small>1955&ndash;1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">CC-130 Hercules, CC-138 Twin Otter, CH-113 Labrador<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"New Brunswick active 403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron under 1 Wing\">\n<div><span>5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown &middot; CYCX<\/span><em>403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron under 1 Wing<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>403 Helicopter Operational Training Squadron<small>Wolf &middot; Helicopter conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Qu&#233;bec active 430 Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res under 1 Wing\">\n<div><span>2nd Canadian Division Support Base Valcartier &middot; CYOY<\/span><em>430 Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res under 1 Wing<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>430e Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res<small>Silver Falcon &middot; Tactical helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-146 Griffon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"British Columbia active 443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron under 12 Wing Shearwater\">\n<div><span>Victoria International Airport (Patricia Bay) &middot; CYYJ<\/span><em>443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron under 12 Wing Shearwater<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron<small>Hornet &middot; Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CH-148 Cyclone<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">RCAF Station Patricia Bay<small>1939&ndash;1948<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Curtiss Kittyhawk, Bristol Bolingbroke, Consolidated Canso<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nunavut active Canadian Forces Station Alert, under 8 Wing Trenton\">\n<div><span>Canadian Forces Station Alert &middot; CYLT<\/span><em>Canadian Forces Station Alert, under 8 Wing Trenton<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Canadian Forces Station Alert<small>Signals intelligence station &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nunavut active Forward Operating Location under 3 Wing Bagotville\">\n<div><span>Forward Operating Location Iqaluit &middot; CYFB<\/span><em>Forward Operating Location under 3 Wing Bagotville<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Forward Operating Location Iqaluit<small>NORAD forward operating location &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Northwest Territories active Forward Operating Location under 4 Wing Cold Lake\">\n<div><span>Forward Operating Location Inuvik &middot; CYEV<\/span><em>Forward Operating Location under 4 Wing Cold Lake<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Forward Operating Location Inuvik<small>NORAD forward operating location &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Canadian Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<p>16 September: the Canadian Aviation Corps is authorised with two officers, one mechanic and one Burgess-Dunne floatplane. The aircraft is shipped to England, left outdoors on Salisbury Plain and never flies again; the corps is wound up in 1915. Canadians who want to fly instead join the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service, where by 1918 they make up roughly a quarter of the pilot strength.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1920<\/div>\n<p>18 February: a Canadian Air Force is authorised under the Air Board as a non-permanent, non-professional force, flying from Camp Borden, equipped largely from the Imperial Gift of surplus British aircraft. It trains no new pilots and spends most of its effort on forestry patrols, aerial survey and anti-smuggling flights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>1 April: the Canadian government gives effect to the royal title granted by King George V on 15 February 1923, and the Royal Canadian Air Force comes into being as a permanent component of Canada&rsquo;s defence forces. Its work remains mostly civil. The &quot;Big Cut&quot; of 1932 nearly ends it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>17 December: the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan agreement is signed in Ottawa. Canada builds more than a hundred flying and ground schools and, by 1945, trains over 130,000 aircrew for the Commonwealth &mdash; the single largest Canadian contribution to the war and the reason Franklin Roosevelt called Canada the aerodrome of democracy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>August: No. 1 Squadron RCAF joins the Battle of Britain from Northolt on Hurricanes, the only Canadian squadron in the battle. The RCAF forms its Women&rsquo;s Division in 1941, the first Canadian service to recruit women.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>1 January: No. 6 Group, RCAF, is formed within RAF Bomber Command with Canadian squadrons in Yorkshire and Durham. The RCAF peaks at 215,000 personnel in January 1944 and ends the war the fourth largest Allied air force, with 48 squadrons overseas. About 13,000 are killed on operations or die as prisoners and roughly 4,000 more in training and accidents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>1 November: No. 1 Fighter Wing forms at North Luffenham in England, the first formation of what becomes No. 1 Air Division. The division headquarters opens in Paris on 1 October 1952 and moves to Metz in April 1953. Four wings and twelve squadrons follow at Marville, Grostenquin, Zweibr&#252;cken and Baden-Soellingen, flying Canadair Sabres and then CF-100 Canucks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>12 September: the North American Air Defense Command begins operating at Colorado Springs with a Canadian deputy commander; the two governments formalise the arrangement by exchange of notes on 12 May 1958. The Pinetree, Mid-Canada and DEW radar lines are built across the country, largely manned by the RCAF.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>20 February: the government cancels the Avro CF-105 Arrow and the Orenda Iroquois engine. Black Friday puts 14,528 Avro employees and nearly 15,000 more in the supply chain out of work, and within two months cabinet orders every airframe, engine and drawing destroyed. Canada buys CF-101 Voodoos and Bomarc missiles instead.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>4 February: Defence Minister Douglas Harkness resigns over the refusal to accept American nuclear warheads for the Bomarc and the Voodoo, and the Diefenbaker government falls within days. Lester Pearson accepts the warheads on 31 December 1963. The CF-104 Starfighter takes up the nuclear strike role in Europe the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>1 February: the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merges the Royal Canadian Air Force, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army into a single unified service. The RCAF ceases to exist as a named service; its aircraft are dispersed among six functional commands and its people put into a green army uniform. It is the most consequential structural decision in Canadian military history and it is still argued about.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>2 September: Air Command is formed and gathers Canada&rsquo;s air assets back under one commander. It is the RCAF in all but name, minus the name. The Snowbirds, formed informally at Moose Jaw in 1971, become 431 Air Demonstration Squadron in 1978.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>The first CF-188 Hornets arrive, replacing the CF-101 Voodoo, the CF-104 Starfighter and the CF-116 Freedom Fighter with a single type. 138 are delivered by 1988. In 1990&ndash;91, Canadian Hornets fly combat air patrols and strikes in the Gulf under Operation Friction &mdash; the first Canadian shots fired in anger since Korea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>31 July: 1 Canadian Air Division, CFB Baden-Soellingen and 4 Fighter Wing are disbanded and Canadian Forces Europe closes. Canada&rsquo;s permanent military presence in Europe, begun in 1951, ends. CFB Summerside had closed in 1991 and CFB Chatham in 1989; the domestic base network shrinks through the decade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Canadian Hornets fly Operation Echo from Aviano, contributing about ten per cent of NATO&rsquo;s strike sorties in the Kosovo air campaign from a country supplying a far smaller share of the alliance&rsquo;s aircraft. Canada goes on to fly transport, helicopter and uncrewed operations in Afghanistan from 2001, including a purpose-built air wing at Kandahar from 2009 to 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>16 August: Air Command is renamed the Royal Canadian Air Force, restoring a name abolished 43 years earlier. In the same year seven CF-188s fly Operation Mobile over Libya, and a Canadian general, Charles Bouchard, commands the whole NATO operation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>The Auditor General reports that the CF-188 fleet cannot meet the readiness commitment the government has set for it. Canada buys 18 second-hand Royal Australian Air Force F\/A-18A\/B aircraft, plus seven more for spares, after abandoning an interim Super Hornet purchase in a trade dispute with Boeing. The Sea King retires in December after fifty years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>20 June: Canada announces a C$38.6 billion, twenty-year NORAD modernisation package &mdash; Arctic and polar over-the-horizon radars, space-based surveillance, new air-to-air missiles, upgrades to the four northern forward operating locations and additional tanker aircraft. On 28 March the government had announced the F-35A as the winner of the fighter competition. 3 Canadian Space Division stands up in July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>9 January: Canada signs for 88 F-35A Lightning IIs at an acquisition cost of about C$19 billion. On 30 November it announces 14 P-8A Poseidons, with options for two more, to replace the CP-140 Aurora from 2030. The Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade and the Future Aircrew Training programme are both under contract by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>14 March: Prime Minister Mark Carney orders a review of the F-35 purchase during a trade and sovereignty dispute with the United States. Canada remains committed to sixteen aircraft; the other seventy-two are undecided eighteen months later. On 10 July, Lieutenant-General Jamie Speiser-Blanchet becomes the 22nd Commander of the RCAF and the first woman in the post.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>The last CC-130H Hercules leave service, the Snowbirds fly their final CT-114 Tutor season, Saab&rsquo;s GlobalEye is chosen for airborne early warning, and the first Canadian F-35As are due at Luke Air Force Base. The fighter review still has not reported.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"teams\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Display teams<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Canadian Air Force display teams<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Each team has its own page: history, aircraft, the display, the accidents and the sources.<\/p>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/snowbirds\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Formation aerobatic team &middot; Active<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Snowbirds<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Canada&rsquo;s nine-ship formation team has flown the same Canadair CT-114 Tutor jet since 1971; the 2026 season is the Tutor&rsquo;s last before a pause until the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Snowbirds page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/golden-hawks\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Formation aerobatic team &middot; 1959&ndash;1964<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Golden Hawks<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The RCAF&rsquo;s gold Sabre team, formed for one anniversary year in 1959 and kept for five seasons and 317 shows across North America before it was disbanded in 1964.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Golden Hawks page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/cf-18-demo-team\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Solo display<\/span><span class=\"rh\">CF-18 Demonstration Team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The RCAF&rsquo;s solo Hornet display, known for a new commemorative paint scheme every year, stood down after 2024 as the air force shifted people to the CF-35A&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the CF-18 Demonstration Team page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Royal Canadian Air Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airbus\/\">Airbus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/beechcraft\/\">Beechcraft<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\">Boeing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland-canada\/\">de Havilland Canada<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/agustawestland\/\">AgustaWestland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\">Bell<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bombardier\/\">Bombardier<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/grob\/\">Grob Aircraft<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/lockheed\/\">Lockheed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/lockheed-martin\/\">Lockheed Martin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/pilatus\/\">Pilatus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/canadair\/\">Canadair<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/general-atomics\/\">General Atomics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mcdonnell-douglas\/\">McDonnell Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/saab\/\">Saab<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sikorsky\/\">Sikorsky<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/north-american-aviation\/\" class=\"was\">North American Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/armstrong-whitworth\/\" class=\"was\">Armstrong Whitworth<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/avro\/\" class=\"was\">Avro<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/avro-canada\/\" class=\"was\">Avro Canada<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bristol\/\" class=\"was\">Bristol Aeroplane Company<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/consolidated\/\" class=\"was\">Consolidated Aircraft<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/curtiss\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/douglas\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fairchild\/\" class=\"was\">Fairchild<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/handley-page\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/supermarine\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/westland\/\" class=\"was\">Westland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airspeed\/\" class=\"was\">Airspeed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bae-systems\/\" class=\"was\">BAE Systems<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/blackburn\/\" class=\"was\">Blackburn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/burgess\/\" class=\"was\">Burgess Company<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/canadian-vickers\/\" class=\"was\">Canadian Vickers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\" class=\"was\">Cessna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/dassault\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fairey\/\" class=\"was\">Fairey<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fleet\/\" class=\"was\">Fleet Aircraft<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/grumman\/\" class=\"was\">Grumman<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hiller\/\" class=\"was\">Hiller<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/iai\/\" class=\"was\">Israel Aerospace Industries<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mcdonnell\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\" class=\"was\">Mil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/noorduyn\/\" class=\"was\">Noorduyn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/piasecki\/\" class=\"was\">Piasecki<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/royal-aircraft-factory\/\" class=\"was\">Royal Aircraft Factory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sagem\/\" class=\"was\">SAGEM<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/slingsby\/\" class=\"was\">Slingsby<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sopwith\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Royal Canadian Air Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Royal Canadian Air Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"canada\" data-match=\"canada|canadian|rcaf|royal canadian|cf-18|cf-188|snowbird|avro arrow|cf-100|canuck|clunk|cormorant|griffon|aurora|kingfisher|siskin|ct-114|ct-155|ct-156|cc-130|cc-177|cc-150|cc-330|cc-295|ch-146|ch-147|ch-148|ch-149|cp-140|canadair|de havilland canada|cold lake|bagotville|trenton|greenwood|comox|goose bay|shearwater|moose jaw|winnipeg|petawawa|norad\" data-reject=\"WestJet|Air Canada|Porter Airlines|Jazz Aviation|Flair Airlines|Canada Jetlines|Air Transat|Sunwing|Canada Goose\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/canadian-army-aviation-air-observation-post-rcaf-dispute\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph113\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Canadian Army Aviation: Artillery Officers in Air Force Squadrons<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">664 Squadron carried an RCAF number and its pilots were artillery officers. For twenty years the Army and the air force argued over who was allowed to fly.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/canadian-forces-unification-1968-rcaf-abolished\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph114\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Canadian Forces Unification: The Day Canada Abolished Its Air Force<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">On 1 February 1968 the RCN, the Canadian Army and the RCAF ceased to exist. For seven and a half years Canada had military aircraft but no air force.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/cs2f-tracker-de-havilland-canada-royal-canadian-navy\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph115\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">CS2F Tracker: The Submarine Hunter de Havilland Canada Built 99 Of<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Canada bought the Grumman Tracker because it was short enough to fit HMCS Bonaventure, then built 99 at Downsview. The carrier went in 1970; the aircraft flew on to 1990.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hms-nabob-canadian-crew-escort-carrier-torpedoed-1944\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph116\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">HMS Nabob: The Canadian-Crewed Carrier That Took a Torpedo and Sailed Home<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">A Royal Navy escort carrier with a Canadian crew, torpedoed off North Cape in August 1944 and ordered sunk if she could not steam.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/mcdonnell-f2h-3-banshee-royal-canadian-navy-carrier-fighter\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph117\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee: Canada&rsquo;s Only Carrier Jet Fighter<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Canada ordered 60 new Banshees, the Cabinet reneged, and the navy got 39 used ones instead.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hmcs-bonaventure-canada-last-aircraft-carrier-refit-scrapped\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph118\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-22\">22 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">HMCS Bonaventure: Canada Refitted Its Carrier, Then Scrapped It<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In April 1966 the Royal Canadian Navy sent its only aircraft carrier for a mid-life refit. Four years later it was gone.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Royal Canadian Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Royal Canadian Air Force fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The combat fleet is about 85 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">CF-188 Hornets<\/a> at 3 Wing Bagotville and 4 Wing Cold Lake, with 88 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning IIs<\/a> on contract but only sixteen confirmed. Behind them sit five CC-177 Globemaster IIIs and 17 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">CC-130J Hercules<\/a> at Trenton, three CC-150 Polaris and six CC-330 Husky transports, 14 CP-140 Aurora maritime patrol aircraft, 85 CH-146 Griffon helicopters, 14 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">CH-147F Chinooks<\/a>, 27 CH-148 Cyclones, 13 CH-149 Cormorants, 16 CC-295 Kingfishers and the training fleets at Moose Jaw and Portage la Prairie. Total strength is roughly 300 aircraft on the RCAF charge.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Canada have a separate navy air arm or army aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Canada has exactly one military flying service. Every aircraft in Canadian Armed Forces uniform belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force, including the CH-148 Cyclones of 12 Wing Shearwater that deploy aboard Royal Canadian Navy frigates and the CH-146 Griffons and CH-147F Chinooks of 1 Wing that live on army garrisons at Petawawa, Edmonton, Valcartier and Gagetown and work for the Canadian Army. The Royal Canadian Navy did have its own Fleet Air Arm, flying Sea Furies, Banshees and Trackers from the carriers HMCS Magnificent and HMCS Bonaventure, and the Canadian Army had its own aviation branch &mdash; but both were folded into the single unified force on 1 February 1968 and never came back.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the RCAF abolished? What happened in 1968?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 1 February 1968 the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the Royal Canadian Air Force, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army into one unified Canadian Forces. The RCAF ceased to exist as a named service, its aircraft were split among six functional commands &mdash; Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Defence Command, Air Transport Command, Training Command and Materiel Command &mdash; and airmen were put into a common green uniform. The flying was gathered back together as Air Command on 2 September 1975, which was the RCAF in everything but name, and the name itself was restored on 16 August 2011 along with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army. So the service was not continuous from 1924 to today under that name, and it was not abolished as an organisation either; it was dissolved as a service, reassembled as a command, and renamed back.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Avro Arrow, and are any of the myths true?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The CF-105 Arrow was a Canadian-designed supersonic interceptor. Five Mk 1 aircraft flew; the first Mk 2 with Canadian Orenda Iroquois engines was ready for taxi trials. The government cancelled the programme on 20 February 1959, citing the shift of the Soviet threat from bombers to ballistic missiles and the cost of amortising development over a very small order. 14,528 Avro employees and nearly 15,000 more in the supply chain lost their jobs, and within two months cabinet ordered every airframe, engine, jig and drawing destroyed. What survives is the nose and cockpit of RL-206, two outer wing panels from RL-203 and an Iroquois engine at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. The famous claims &mdash; that a complete Arrow was flown out and hidden, that the destruction concealed sabotage, that blueprints were smuggled abroad &mdash; are not supported by any document and should be treated as myth. What is documented, and remarkable enough, is that the engineers scattered: six former Avro men held senior posts in NASA&rsquo;s Mercury, Apollo and Space Shuttle programmes.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Canada actually buying the F-35?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Partly, and the rest is undecided. Canada signed for 88 F-35As on 9 January 2023 at an acquisition cost of about C$19 billion. On 14 March 2025 Prime Minister Mark Carney ordered a review of that purchase, in the middle of a tariff and sovereignty dispute with the United States. Eighteen months later the review has not reported. Canada is committed and paid up for the first sixteen aircraft, began paying in February 2026, according to reporting the department would not confirm, for long-lead items tied to fourteen more, and has not decided on the remaining seventy-two. The first aircraft were due at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona, where Canadian pilots train, before the end of 2026, with the first arriving in Canada in 2028 and the CF-188 retiring in 2032. Saab has offered the Gripen E with Canadian production as the alternative.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many CF-18s does Canada have left?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 85 on charge, and the number falls each year. Canada took 138 CF-188s between 1982 and 1988 &mdash; 98 single-seat CF-188A and 40 two-seat CF-188B &mdash; and had lost at least twenty in accidents by 2016, with at least eleven pilots killed. In 2018 it bought 18 second-hand Royal Australian Air Force F\/A-18A\/B airframes plus seven more for spares recovery, delivered between 2019 and 2021 for a total interim package of about C$360 million; the Australian aircraft were of the same generation as Canada&rsquo;s own and were bought to keep squadron numbers up, not to add capability. The Hornet Extension Project fits a modern radar warning receiver, new displays, AIM-120D and AIM-9X missiles and a helmet-mounted cueing system to up to 88 aircraft in its first phase and a combat-capable subset of 36 in the second, and is meant to keep the type credible until 2032.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What does the RCAF do for NORAD?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Canada has been in a binational air defence command with the United States since the North American Air Defense Command began operating on 12 September 1957, formalised by exchange of notes on 12 May 1958. The commander is always American and the deputy commander always Canadian. Canadian fighters hold NORAD alert continuously from 3 Wing Bagotville in the east and 4 Wing Cold Lake in the west, and can be pushed north to four forward operating locations at Inuvik, Yellowknife, Iqaluit and Goose Bay. The Canadian NORAD Region headquarters is at Winnipeg and the Sector Air Operations Centre at 22 Wing North Bay, which ran the mission from a bunker 600 feet underground until 2006. On 20 June 2022 Canada announced a C$38.6 billion, twenty-year modernisation package covering Arctic and polar over-the-horizon radar, space-based surveillance, new air-to-air missiles, northern infrastructure and more tankers &mdash; the largest investment in Canadian continental defence in a generation, and one whose delivery dates mostly fall in the 2030s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is the Canadian search and rescue job so hard?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Canada is responsible for one of the largest search and rescue regions in the world &mdash; about 18 million square kilometres of land and sea, most of it mountain, ice or open ocean, divided into three regions run from Victoria, Trenton and Halifax. The RCAF holds the aeronautical SAR mandate and shares the maritime one with the Canadian Coast Guard. The aircraft are CH-149 Cormorants, CC-295 Kingfishers and, until 2026, CC-130H Hercules, with CH-146 Griffons at Trenton. A great deal of the actual searching is done by the Civil Air Search and Rescue Association, a volunteer organisation of private pilots. The programme has been repeatedly audited: the Buffalo retired in 2022 before its replacement worked, the Kingfisher&rsquo;s full capability slipped to about 2030, and the Cormorant is only now being rebuilt to last into the 2040s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the RCAF have nuclear weapons?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not since 1984, and it never owned any. Between 1963 and 1984 Canada operated four American nuclear weapon systems under dual-key control: the W40 warhead on 56 Bomarc missiles at North Bay and La Macaza, the AIR-2A Genie rocket on CF-101 Voodoo interceptors, and B28 and B43 bombs on CF-104 Starfighters in West Germany, plus nuclear depth bombs for maritime aircraft. The weapons belonged to the United States and could not be used without American release. The CF-104 nuclear strike role ended on 31 December 1971 and the last American warheads left Canadian soil in 1984. The argument over accepting them in the first place brought down John Diefenbaker&rsquo;s government in February 1963.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where do Canadian military pilots learn to fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At 15 Wing Moose Jaw in Saskatchewan and at the Southport Aerospace Centre at Portage la Prairie in Manitoba, under a contracted system that has run since 1992. Basic training is on the Grob CT-102 Astra, multi-engine on the CT-145 King Air, helicopters on the CH-139 Jet Ranger and Bell 412, and advanced flying on the CT-156 Harvard II. All of it is being replaced by the Future Aircrew Training programme, run by SkyAlyne &mdash; a joint venture of CAE and KF Aerospace &mdash; to 2049, with 23 CT-102B Astra II, 19 CT-157 Siskin II, 19 CT-153 Juno, seven CT-145E Expeditor II and three CT-142Q Citadel aircraft, and a target of about 120 pilots a year. What Canada no longer does at home is fighter lead-in training: the CT-155 Hawk retired in 2024 and 419 Squadron went into hiatus, so student fighter pilots go to Texas, Finland or Italy first.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who are the Snowbirds and why are they stopping?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">431 Air Demonstration Squadron, Canada&rsquo;s national aerobatic team, formed informally at Moose Jaw in 1971 and made a squadron in 1978. Nine of its eleven CT-114 Tutors fly a show built around nine aircraft in close formation without smoke pods on every jet &mdash; a bigger formation than most national teams attempt. The Tutor first flew in 1960 and left the training fleet in 2000; keeping eleven of them airworthy has become the constraint. The team flies its last Tutor season in 2026 and then stands down from display flying until about 2030, when it is to re-form on the turboprop CT-157 Siskin II. The team&rsquo;s accident record is part of its story and should be stated plainly: it has lost aircraft and aircrew repeatedly over five decades, most recently Captain Jenn Casey, a public affairs officer killed when a Tutor crashed at Kamloops on 17 May 2020.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How big was the RCAF at its peak?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">215,000 men and women in January 1944, which made it the fourth largest Allied air force, with 48 squadrons overseas and a training organisation that produced more than 130,000 aircrew for the Commonwealth. The Cold War peak was about 54,000 personnel in 1954 and 41 squadrons in 1955, with twelve fighter squadrons permanently stationed in France and West Germany. Today the RCAF has about 15,500 Regular Force members, 2,160 primary reservists and 1,448 civilian staff, flying roughly 300 aircraft &mdash; and an internal readiness report in early 2025 put the share of those judged serviceable at about 40 per cent.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Royal Canadian Air Force fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The combat fleet is about 85 CF-188 Hornets at 3 Wing Bagotville and 4 Wing Cold Lake, with 88 F-35A Lightning IIs on contract but only sixteen confirmed. Behind them sit five CC-177 Globemaster IIIs and 17 CC-130J Hercules at Trenton, three CC-150 Polaris and six CC-330 Husky transports, 14 CP-140 Aurora maritime patrol aircraft, 85 CH-146 Griffon helicopters, 14 CH-147F Chinooks, 27 CH-148 Cyclones, 13 CH-149 Cormorants, 16 CC-295 Kingfishers and the training fleets at Moose Jaw and Portage la Prairie. Total strength is roughly 300 aircraft on the RCAF charge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Canada have a separate navy air arm or army aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Canada has exactly one military flying service. Every aircraft in Canadian Armed Forces uniform belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force, including the CH-148 Cyclones of 12 Wing Shearwater that deploy aboard Royal Canadian Navy frigates and the CH-146 Griffons and CH-147F Chinooks of 1 Wing that live on army garrisons at Petawawa, Edmonton, Valcartier and Gagetown and work for the Canadian Army. The Royal Canadian Navy did have its own Fleet Air Arm, flying Sea Furies, Banshees and Trackers from the carriers HMCS Magnificent and HMCS Bonaventure, and the Canadian Army had its own aviation branch \\u2014 but both were folded into the single unified force on 1 February 1968 and never came back.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the RCAF abolished? What happened in 1968?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 1 February 1968 the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the Royal Canadian Air Force, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army into one unified Canadian Forces. The RCAF ceased to exist as a named service, its aircraft were split among six functional commands \\u2014 Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Defence Command, Air Transport Command, Training Command and Materiel Command \\u2014 and airmen were put into a common green uniform. The flying was gathered back together as Air Command on 2 September 1975, which was the RCAF in everything but name, and the name itself was restored on 16 August 2011 along with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army. So the service was not continuous from 1924 to today under that name, and it was not abolished as an organisation either; it was dissolved as a service, reassembled as a command, and renamed back.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Avro Arrow, and are any of the myths true?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The CF-105 Arrow was a Canadian-designed supersonic interceptor. Five Mk 1 aircraft flew; the first Mk 2 with Canadian Orenda Iroquois engines was ready for taxi trials. The government cancelled the programme on 20 February 1959, citing the shift of the Soviet threat from bombers to ballistic missiles and the cost of amortising development over a very small order. 14,528 Avro employees and nearly 15,000 more in the supply chain lost their jobs, and within two months cabinet ordered every airframe, engine, jig and drawing destroyed. What survives is the nose and cockpit of RL-206, two outer wing panels from RL-203 and an Iroquois engine at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. The famous claims \\u2014 that a complete Arrow was flown out and hidden, that the destruction concealed sabotage, that blueprints were smuggled abroad \\u2014 are not supported by any document and should be treated as myth. What is documented, and remarkable enough, is that the engineers scattered: six former Avro men held senior posts in NASA\\u2019s Mercury, Apollo and Space Shuttle programmes.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Canada actually buying the F-35?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Partly, and the rest is undecided. Canada signed for 88 F-35As on 9 January 2023 at an acquisition cost of about C$19 billion. On 14 March 2025 Prime Minister Mark Carney ordered a review of that purchase, in the middle of a tariff and sovereignty dispute with the United States. Eighteen months later the review has not reported. Canada is committed and paid up for the first sixteen aircraft, began paying in February 2026, according to reporting the department would not confirm, for long-lead items tied to fourteen more, and has not decided on the remaining seventy-two. The first aircraft were due at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona, where Canadian pilots train, before the end of 2026, with the first arriving in Canada in 2028 and the CF-188 retiring in 2032. Saab has offered the Gripen E with Canadian production as the alternative.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many CF-18s does Canada have left?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 85 on charge, and the number falls each year. Canada took 138 CF-188s between 1982 and 1988 \\u2014 98 single-seat CF-188A and 40 two-seat CF-188B \\u2014 and had lost at least twenty in accidents by 2016, with at least eleven pilots killed. In 2018 it bought 18 second-hand Royal Australian Air Force F\/A-18A\/B airframes plus seven more for spares recovery, delivered between 2019 and 2021 for a total interim package of about C$360 million; the Australian aircraft were of the same generation as Canada\\u2019s own and were bought to keep squadron numbers up, not to add capability. The Hornet Extension Project fits a modern radar warning receiver, new displays, AIM-120D and AIM-9X missiles and a helmet-mounted cueing system to up to 88 aircraft in its first phase and a combat-capable subset of 36 in the second, and is meant to keep the type credible until 2032.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does the RCAF do for NORAD?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Canada has been in a binational air defence command with the United States since the North American Air Defense Command began operating on 12 September 1957, formalised by exchange of notes on 12 May 1958. The commander is always American and the deputy commander always Canadian. Canadian fighters hold NORAD alert continuously from 3 Wing Bagotville in the east and 4 Wing Cold Lake in the west, and can be pushed north to four forward operating locations at Inuvik, Yellowknife, Iqaluit and Goose Bay. The Canadian NORAD Region headquarters is at Winnipeg and the Sector Air Operations Centre at 22 Wing North Bay, which ran the mission from a bunker 600 feet underground until 2006. On 20 June 2022 Canada announced a C$38.6 billion, twenty-year modernisation package covering Arctic and polar over-the-horizon radar, space-based surveillance, new air-to-air missiles, northern infrastructure and more tankers \\u2014 the largest investment in Canadian continental defence in a generation, and one whose delivery dates mostly fall in the 2030s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is the Canadian search and rescue job so hard?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Canada is responsible for one of the largest search and rescue regions in the world \\u2014 about 18 million square kilometres of land and sea, most of it mountain, ice or open ocean, divided into three regions run from Victoria, Trenton and Halifax. The RCAF holds the aeronautical SAR mandate and shares the maritime one with the Canadian Coast Guard. The aircraft are CH-149 Cormorants, CC-295 Kingfishers and, until 2026, CC-130H Hercules, with CH-146 Griffons at Trenton. A great deal of the actual searching is done by the Civil Air Search and Rescue Association, a volunteer organisation of private pilots. The programme has been repeatedly audited: the Buffalo retired in 2022 before its replacement worked, the Kingfisher\\u2019s full capability slipped to about 2030, and the Cormorant is only now being rebuilt to last into the 2040s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the RCAF have nuclear weapons?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not since 1984, and it never owned any. Between 1963 and 1984 Canada operated four American nuclear weapon systems under dual-key control: the W40 warhead on 56 Bomarc missiles at North Bay and La Macaza, the AIR-2A Genie rocket on CF-101 Voodoo interceptors, and B28 and B43 bombs on CF-104 Starfighters in West Germany, plus nuclear depth bombs for maritime aircraft. The weapons belonged to the United States and could not be used without American release. The CF-104 nuclear strike role ended on 31 December 1971 and the last American warheads left Canadian soil in 1984. The argument over accepting them in the first place brought down John Diefenbaker\\u2019s government in February 1963.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where do Canadian military pilots learn to fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At 15 Wing Moose Jaw in Saskatchewan and at the Southport Aerospace Centre at Portage la Prairie in Manitoba, under a contracted system that has run since 1992. Basic training is on the Grob CT-102 Astra, multi-engine on the CT-145 King Air, helicopters on the CH-139 Jet Ranger and Bell 412, and advanced flying on the CT-156 Harvard II. All of it is being replaced by the Future Aircrew Training programme, run by SkyAlyne \\u2014 a joint venture of CAE and KF Aerospace \\u2014 to 2049, with 23 CT-102B Astra II, 19 CT-157 Siskin II, 19 CT-153 Juno, seven CT-145E Expeditor II and three CT-142Q Citadel aircraft, and a target of about 120 pilots a year. What Canada no longer does at home is fighter lead-in training: the CT-155 Hawk retired in 2024 and 419 Squadron went into hiatus, so student fighter pilots go to Texas, Finland or Italy first.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who are the Snowbirds and why are they stopping?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"431 Air Demonstration Squadron, Canada\\u2019s national aerobatic team, formed informally at Moose Jaw in 1971 and made a squadron in 1978. Nine of its eleven CT-114 Tutors fly a show built around nine aircraft in close formation without smoke pods on every jet \\u2014 a bigger formation than most national teams attempt. The Tutor first flew in 1960 and left the training fleet in 2000; keeping eleven of them airworthy has become the constraint. The team flies its last Tutor season in 2026 and then stands down from display flying until about 2030, when it is to re-form on the turboprop CT-157 Siskin II. The team\\u2019s accident record is part of its story and should be stated plainly: it has lost aircraft and aircrew repeatedly over five decades, most recently Captain Jenn Casey, a public affairs officer killed when a Tutor crashed at Kamloops on 17 May 2020.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How big was the RCAF at its peak?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"215,000 men and women in January 1944, which made it the fourth largest Allied air force, with 48 squadrons overseas and a training organisation that produced more than 130,000 aircrew for the Commonwealth. The Cold War peak was about 54,000 personnel in 1954 and 41 squadrons in 1955, with twelve fighter squadrons permanently stationed in France and West Germany. Today the RCAF has about 15,500 Regular Force members, 2,160 primary reservists and 1,448 civilian staff, flying roughly 300 aircraft \\u2014 and an internal readiness report in early 2025 put the share of those judged serviceable at about 40 per cent.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Royal Canadian Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas CF-188A\/B Hornet<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing CH-147F Chinook<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed Martin CC-130J Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed CC-130H Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-6-texan-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph20\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Beechcraft CT-156 Harvard II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bae-hawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph36\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>BAE Systems CT-155 Hawk<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>2000&ndash;2024<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\"><span class=\"im ph40\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Boeing CH-147C and CH-147D Chinook<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1974&ndash;2011<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph45\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CT-133 Silver Star<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1953&ndash;2005<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\"><span class=\"im ph47\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Bell CH-135 Twin Huey<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1971&ndash;1999<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\"><span class=\"im ph49\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Bell CH-118 Iroquois<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1968&ndash;1997<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\"><span class=\"im ph51\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CF-116 Freedom Fighter (CF-5)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1968&ndash;1995<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\"><span class=\"im ph54\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Canada CP-121 Tracker (CS2F)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1968&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-101-voodoo\/\"><span class=\"im ph57\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1961&ndash;1987<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\"><span class=\"im ph58\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CF-104 Starfighter<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1962&ndash;1986<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/cf-100-canuck\/\"><span class=\"im ph60\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1951&ndash;1981<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph62\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair Sabre (CL-13 Mk 2 to Mk 6)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1950&ndash;1977<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lockheed-p-2-neptune\/\"><span class=\"im ph72\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed CP-122 Neptune<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1970<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-lancaster\/\"><span class=\"im ph77\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Lancaster Mk.X<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1944&ndash;1965<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-25-mitchell\/\"><span class=\"im ph79\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American Mitchell<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1942&ndash;1963<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/pby-catalina\/\"><span class=\"im ph80\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Consolidated Canso and Catalina<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1941&ndash;1962<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\"><span class=\"im ph81\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American Mustang Mk.IV<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1947&ndash;1961<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-arrow\/\"><span class=\"im ph82\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1958&ndash;1959<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\"><span class=\"im ph83\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Vampire F.3<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1946&ndash;1958<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-mosquito\/\"><span class=\"im ph86\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Mosquito<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1943&ndash;1951<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><span>the service&rsquo;s own site; entry point for aircraft, structure, mandate and search and rescue<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/services\/aircraft.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: Aircraft<\/a><span>the official list of RCAF aircraft types and designations, including the new Future Aircrew Training fleets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/services\/aircraft\/cf-188.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: CF-188 Hornet<\/a><span>official Hornet page: roles, bases, specifications<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: Who we are<\/a><span>mandate, role and self-description of the service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: Organizational structure<\/a><span>divisions, wings and squadrons as the service lists them<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1 Canadian Air Division<\/a><span>the operational division and Canadian NORAD Region<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/2-canadian-air-division.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2 Canadian Air Division<\/a><span>the training division<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/3-canadian-space-division.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3 Canadian Space Division<\/a><span>the space division, stood up in 2022<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/1-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1 Wing Kingston<\/a><span>tactical helicopter wing headquarters and its six squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/2-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2 Wing Bagotville<\/a><span>the expeditionary wing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/3-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3 Wing Bagotville<\/a><span>fighter wing, squadrons and NORAD alert<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/4-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4 Wing Cold Lake<\/a><span>fighter wing, squadrons, air weapons range<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/5-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5 Wing Goose Bay<\/a><span>forward operating location and 444 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/8-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">8 Wing Trenton<\/a><span>air mobility squadrons and lodger units<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/9-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">9 Wing Gander<\/a><span>103 Search and Rescue Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/12-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">12 Wing Shearwater<\/a><span>maritime helicopter squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/14-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">14 Wing Greenwood<\/a><span>long range patrol and Atlantic SAR squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/19-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">19 Wing Comox<\/a><span>Pacific SAR and 407 Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/22-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">22 Wing North Bay<\/a><span>the air defence sector and its squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/2-canadian-air-division\/15-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">15 Wing Moose Jaw<\/a><span>flying training and the Snowbirds<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/2-canadian-air-division\/16-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">16 Wing Borden<\/a><span>technical training and the RCAF Academy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/2-canadian-air-division\/17-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">17 Wing Winnipeg<\/a><span>435 and 402 Squadrons and the divisional headquarters<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/3-canadian-space-division\/7-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">7 Wing (Space)<\/a><span>space operations squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/services\/showcasing\/snowbirds.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Forces Snowbirds<\/a><span>431 Air Demonstration Squadron, team history and aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/services\/search-rescue.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: Search and rescue<\/a><span>the SAR mandate, regions and aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/reports-publications\/royal-canadian-air-force-strategy.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force Strategy<\/a><span>the service&rsquo;s published strategy document<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/operations\/allies-partners\/norad\/norad-modernization-project-timelines.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NORAD modernization project timelines<\/a><span>project-by-project funding and initial and full operational capability dates for the C$38.6 billion package<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/corporate\/reports-publications\/proactive-disclosure\/secd-april-24-2023\/norad-authorities-and-operations.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NORAD authorities and operations<\/a><span>departmental briefing on the binational command and Canada&rsquo;s contribution<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2023\/11\/canada-purchasing-up-to-16-p-8a-poseidon-multi-mission-aircraft-for-the-royal-canadian-air-force.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada purchasing up to 16 P-8A Poseidon Multi Mission Aircraft<\/a><span>30 November 2023 announcement: 14 aircraft plus two options, C$10.4 billion, basing, CP-140 out-of-service date<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2023\/04\/cormorant-helicopter-upgrades-to-deliver-improved-search-and-rescue-capabilities-and-economic-opportunities-for-canadians.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cormorant helicopter upgrades<\/a><span>CMLU contract value, fleet growth from 13 to 16, bases and timeline<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/strategic-tanker-transport-capability-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Strategic Tanker Transport Capability project<\/a><span>CC-330 Husky cost, quantities, conversion plan and delivery schedule; project status as at May 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/defence-investment-agency\/news\/2026\/05\/the-government-of-canada-selects-preferred-supplier-for-airborne-early-warning-and-control-discussions.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Government of Canada selects preferred supplier for Airborne Early Warning and Control<\/a><span>27 May 2026: Saab GlobalEye on a Bombardier Global 6500 chosen over the Boeing E-7<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2026\/04\/canadian-armed-forces-reach-highest-recruitment-in-30-years.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Armed Forces reach highest recruitment in 30 years<\/a><span>7,310 Regular Force enrolments in 2025\/26 against a target of 6,957; 2026\/27 objective of 8,200<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/2024\/03\/rcaf-embarks-bridge-flit-419-squadron-begins-hiatus.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RCAF embarks on Bridge FLIT as 419 Squadron begins hiatus<\/a><span>8 March 2024 stand-down, the CT-155 Hawk&rsquo;s end and the interim training arrangements in Texas, Finland and Italy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2022\/05\/backgrounder--delay-in-initial-operational-capability-ioc-of-the-cc-295-kingfisher.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Backgrounder: Delay in Initial Operational Capability of the CC-295 Kingfisher<\/a><span>the department&rsquo;s own account of why the Kingfisher slipped<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/bases-support-units.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Defence: Bases and support units<\/a><span>official list of Canadian Armed Forces bases, wings and stations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/corporate\/history-heritage.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage<\/a><span>official squadron lineages, battle honours and unit histories &mdash; the primary source for RCAF unit history<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/auditor-general\/our-work\/audit-reports\/recruiting-for-canadas-military.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Report of the Auditor General of Canada: Recruiting for Canada&rsquo;s Military<\/a><span>tabled 21 October 2025: recruitment shortfall, one-in-thirteen enrolment rate, 245&ndash;271 day median processing time, security screening backlog<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oag-bvg.gc.ca\/internet\/docs\/parl_oag_202510_07_e.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Auditor General of Canada, Report 7, Recruiting for Canada&rsquo;s Military (2025)<\/a><span>full text of the audit with the figures and the department&rsquo;s response<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oag-bvg.gc.ca\/internet\/English\/parl_oag_201811_03_e_43199.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Auditor General of Canada, Report 3, Canada&rsquo;s Fighter Force (Fall 2018)<\/a><span>the audit that found the CF-188 fleet could not meet the government&rsquo;s own readiness commitment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oag-bvg.gc.ca\/internet\/English\/parl_oag_201304_06_e_38191.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Auditor General of Canada, Report 6, Search and Rescue Activities (Spring 2013)<\/a><span>the audit of federal search and rescue, aircraft availability and response times<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbo-dpb.ca\/en\/publications\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Parliamentary Budget Officer: Life-cycle cost estimate, F-35A<\/a><span>the PBO&rsquo;s independent costings of the fighter programme, which have repeatedly differed from the department&rsquo;s<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.navcanada.ca\/en\/flight-planning\/aeronautical-information-products.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Canada (ICAO), NAV CANADA<\/a><span>the authoritative Canadian source for aerodrome coordinates, elevations and runway data<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.navcanada.ca\/en\/flight-planning\/aeronautical-information-products.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada Flight Supplement and Military Flight Supplement, NAV CANADA<\/a><span>runway designators, lengths and surfaces; lengths are published in feet and converted to metres here<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/en\/air-services\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Mounted Police Air Services<\/a><span>context for Canadian state aviation outside the armed forces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Coast Guard helicopters<\/a><span>the civil side of Canadian maritime search and rescue<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/publications\/the-military-balance\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IISS, The Military Balance 2026<\/a><span>Canadian fleet totals, personnel and defence spending; used as a cross-check against departmental figures<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal World Air Forces 2026<\/a><span>independent fleet counts by type, used as a cross-check<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: Canada, air force<\/a><span>programme and inventory reporting<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.19fortyfive.com\/2026\/09\/canada-finalized-an-agreement-to-buy-88-lockheed-martin-f-35a-fighter-jets-in-january-2023-almost-18-months-into-a-review-ordered-by-prime-minister-mark-carney-ottawa-is-committed-to-only-16-of-them\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">19FortyFive: Canada is committed to only 16 of 88 F-35s<\/a><span>September 2026 status of the F-35 review, the sixteen committed aircraft and the Luke AFB deliveries<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.19fortyfive.com\/2026\/09\/canada-can-wait-until-2029-to-announce-its-f-35-fighter-decision-the-bigger-problem-it-cannot-wait-to-start-flying-them\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">19FortyFive: Canada can wait until 2029 to announce its F-35 decision<\/a><span>delivery schedule, IOC and FOC dates, CF-18 retirement in 2032, Hornet Extension Project slippage<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cp24.com\/news\/canada\/2026\/09\/03\/defence-minister-says-canada-needs-time-to-get-f-35-decision-right-amid-us-trade-tensions\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada won&rsquo;t rush decision on F-35 deal, defence minister says<\/a><span>3 September 2026: David McGuinty quoted on the review; MQ-9B numbers and cost<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerotime.aero\/articles\/canada-f-35-review-no-end-date\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada&rsquo;s F-35 review drags on with no decision timeline<\/a><span>chronology of the review and its missed deadlines<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/canada\/article\/lt-gen-jamie-speiser-blanchet-becomes-first-woman-to-head-the-royal-canadian-air-force\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lt.-Gen. Jamie Speiser-Blanchet becomes first woman to head the RCAF<\/a><span>the change of command on 11 July 2025 and her career<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/rcaf-appoints-lgen-jamie-speiser-blanchet-as-next-commander\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: RCAF appoints LGen Jamie Speiser-Blanchet as next commander<\/a><span>appointment and background<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armadainternational.com\/2025\/12\/the-royal-canadian-air-forces-new-pilot-training-fleet-foc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Armada International: The Royal Canadian Air Force&rsquo;s new pilot training fleet<\/a><span>the Future Aircrew Training designations and quantities: CT-102B, CT-157, CT-153, CT-145E, CT-142Q<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armadainternational.com\/2026\/09\/siskins-to-replace-the-canadian-snowbirds-tutors-foc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Armada International: Siskins to replace the Canadian Snowbirds&rsquo; Tutors<\/a><span>the final Tutor season, the pause to 2030 and the CT-157 replacement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/snowbirds-the-iconic-name-remains-but-tutor-jets-to-be-replaced-by-turboprops\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: Snowbirds set for final season flying Tutor jet<\/a><span>the team&rsquo;s transition and the fleet numbers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/end-of-an-era-rcaf-413-squadron-retires-cc-130h-hercules-after-decades-of-service\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: End of an era, RCAF 413 Squadron retires CC-130H Hercules<\/a><span>the January 2026 retirement at Greenwood and the run-out of the H model at Winnipeg<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/rcaf-unveils-new-ct-157-siskin-ii-training-aircraft-at-gatineau-airshow\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: RCAF unveils new CT-157 Siskin II training aircraft<\/a><span>the public unveiling and the name&rsquo;s origin<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/ch-149-cormorant-mid-life-upgrade-begins-as-leonardo-and-imp-launch-canadian-assembly-line\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: CH-149 Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade begins<\/a><span>the Canadian assembly line at Halifax and the upgrade content<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/initial-operational-capability-canadas-cc-295-fwsar-aircraft-delayed-2025\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: Initial operational capability of Canada&rsquo;s CC-295 delayed<\/a><span>the IOC slippage and its effect on search and rescue<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aerospaceglobalnews.com\/news\/kingfisher-progress\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aerospace Global News: Kingfisher progress<\/a><span>contract value, delivery status, basing plan and the reasons for delay<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aerospaceglobalnews.com\/news\/new-rcaf-designations-and-names-for-skyalynes-training-fleet\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aerospace Global News: New RCAF designations and names for SkyAlyne&rsquo;s training fleet<\/a><span>the designations as announced<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyalyne.ca\/latest-updates\/first-look-the-fact-fleets-in-rcaf-colours\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyAlyne: First look at the FAcT fleets in RCAF colours<\/a><span>contractor material on the training aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonardo.com\/en\/press-release-detail\/-\/detail\/23-12-2022-leonardo-awarded-1-billion-can-%E2%82%AC690-million-contract-for-the-aw101-ch-149-cormorant-sar-helicopter-mid-life-upgrade-cmlu-project\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Leonardo: C$1 billion contract for the AW101\/CH-149 Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade<\/a><span>manufacturer&rsquo;s announcement of the 23 December 2022 contract<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2023\/11\/canada-finalizes-5-9-billion-p-8-poseidon-deal\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Breaking Defense: Canada finalizes $5.9 billion P-8 Poseidon deal<\/a><span>the foreign military sale value and the sole-source argument<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.navalnews.com\/naval-news\/2023\/12\/canada-chooses-p-8a-poseidon-as-its-new-multi-mission-aircraft\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Naval News: Canada chooses P-8A Poseidon as its new Multi-Mission Aircraft<\/a><span>the competition, the Bombardier objection and the delivery plan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/sole-sourced-deal-boeing-surveillance-aircraft-replacement-1.7044913\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CBC News: Growing threats to Canada&rsquo;s security drove $10B surveillance plane purchase<\/a><span>political context for the sole-sourced Poseidon buy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/airbus-330-air-tanker-rcaf-fleet-9.7303938\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CBC News: Air force&rsquo;s first new refuelling jet won&rsquo;t be delivered until late 2027<\/a><span>the slippage in the CC-330 tanker conversion programme<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/defence-intelligence-insights\/defence-news\/c4isr\/canada-selects-globaleye-for-future-aewc-requirement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: Canada selects GlobalEye for future AEW&amp;C requirement<\/a><span>the May 2026 selection and what is and is not yet contracted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainonline.com\/aviation-news\/defense\/2026-05-27\/canada-choses-saab-bombardier-globaleye-aewc-platform\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIN: Canada chooses Saab\/Bombardier GlobalEye early warning platform<\/a><span>the selection, the airframe and the industrial arrangements<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/11243811\/retention-recruitment-crisis-canadian-military\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global News: More Canadians want to join the military, but current members keep leaving<\/a><span>the retention side of the personnel problem<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/military-retention-program-defunding-1.7536509\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CBC News: Leaked military report shows many new recruits are quickly leaving<\/a><span>internal reporting on attrition among new entrants<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.espritdecorps.ca\/feature\/future-aircrew-training-takes-flight\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Esprit de Corps: Future Aircrew Training takes flight<\/a><span>the programme, the contractor and the transition from the old contracts<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/canadiandefencereview.com\/cf-188\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Defence Review: CF-188 Hornet Extension Project<\/a><span>HEP phases, aircraft numbers, approval dates, cost and the 2032 horizon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/canadiandefencereview.com\/canadas-new-cc-330-husky-tankers-mark-a-strategic-leap-but-will-nine-aircraft-be-enough\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Defence Review: Will nine CC-330 Husky tankers be enough?<\/a><span>analysis of the tanker fleet size against the NORAD and expeditionary requirement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airforcemuseum.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Air Force Museum of Canada<\/a><span>the service museum at Trenton; holds CC-150 Polaris 15001<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ingeniumcanada.org\/aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada Aviation and Space Museum<\/a><span>holds the Arrow nose section, an Iroquois engine, a Bomarc and the national aviation collection<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shearwater Aviation Museum<\/a><span>the naval aviation collection at 12 Wing Shearwater<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.casara.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Civil Air Search and Rescue Association<\/a><span>the volunteer organisation that flies a large share of Canadian search sorties<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/data\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports open aerodrome and runway data<\/a><span>coordinates, elevations and runway dimensions, cross-checked against AIP Canada where available; lengths converted from feet to metres<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/rwrwalker.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">R.W. Walker, Canadian Military Aircraft Serial Numbers<\/a><span>the standard reference for Canadian military serials, deliveries and disposals by type<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">John A. Griffin, Canadian Military Aircraft Serials and Photographs 1920&ndash;1968<\/a><span>the standard printed reference for pre-unification quantities<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Griffin, Smith and Castle, Canadian Military Aircraft 1968&ndash;1998<\/a><span>the standard printed reference for post-unification quantities<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Larry Milberry, Sixty Years: The RCAF and CF Air Command 1924&ndash;1984<\/a><span>the standard narrative history of the service to 1984<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Greenhous and Halliday, Canada&rsquo;s Air Forces 1914&ndash;1999<\/a><span>official narrative history published with the Department of National Defence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">John Clearwater, Canadian Nuclear Weapons and U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Canada<\/a><span>the documented account of the four American nuclear weapon systems held in Canada between 1963 and 1984<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kostenuk and Griffin, RCAF Squadron Histories and Aircraft 1924&ndash;1968<\/a><span>squadron-by-squadron lineages and equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2016\/05\/royal-canadian-air-force-hosts-exercise-maple-flag.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force hosts Exercise MAPLE FLAG (news release)<\/a><span>the 30 May to 24 June 2016 dates, the 1,300 Canadian and 400-plus allied personnel and the participating nations and aircraft types<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/edmonton\/after-1-900-flying-hours-exercise-maple-flag-wraps-in-cold-lake-1.3651436\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">After 1,900 flying hours, Exercise Maple Flag wraps in Cold Lake<\/a><span>the 1,137 sorties, 1,945.08 flying hours, 1,063 simulated kills, 257 target complexes, 1,070,400 lb of fuel passed and the eight live and 69 inert weapons, and the Major Christopher Horch quotation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/edmonton\/cf-18-fighter-jet-cold-lake-crash-thomas-mcqueen-report-1.4608199\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Distraction, pilot error blamed in fatal CF-18 crash near Cold Lake, Alta.<\/a><span>the 28 November 2016 accident, Captain Thomas McQueen&rsquo;s age and service, and the verbatim findings of the flight safety investigation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsb.gc.ca\/eng\/medias-media\/communiques\/aviation\/2018\/a16w0094-20180105.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Investigation brief: Accident during 2016 Cold Lake Air Show, Alberta<\/a><span>the 17 July 2016 T-28B accident, the single fatality, the absence of post-impact fire and the minor damage to airfield infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYOD\/Cold-Lake-Group-Captain-R-W-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYOD Cold Lake\/Group Captain R.W. Airport<\/a><span>runway designators, lengths and widths in feet (12,599 x 200, 9,999 x 150 and 8,273 x 200), field elevation 1,775 ft and the published coordinates; converted to metres here. Source publishes in feet; the Canada Flight Supplement itself is not freely retrievable<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-services-procurement\/news\/2023\/01\/canada-finalizes-agreement-to-purchase-new-fighter-jets-for-royal-canadian-air-force.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada finalizes agreement to purchase new fighter jets for the Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><span>the 9 January 2023 agreement for 88 aircraft at a stated $19 billion, the Cold Lake and Bagotville fighter squadron facilities and the 2032&ndash;2034 full operational capability<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.19fortyfive.com\/2026\/09\/canadas-first-f-35s-reach-luke-air-force-base-this-year-and-canadian-soil-in-2028-saabs-jas-39-gripen-could-join-them\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada&rsquo;s First F-35s Reach Luke Air Force Base This Year and Canadian Soil in 2028<\/a><span>the state of the F-35 review as of September 2026, the sixteen committed aircraft, the Luke Air Force Base training arrangement and the 2028 arrival in Canada<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2020\/08\/government-awards-design-contract-for-future-fighter-infrastructure-in-cold-lake.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Government awards design contract for future fighter infrastructure in Cold Lake<\/a><span>the 27 August 2020 $9.2 million design contract for future fighter facilities at 4 Wing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/storied-past-3-wing-bagotville\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A Storied Past: 3 Wing Bagotville<\/a><span>1 OTU as the only Hurricane fighter training base in Canada and its 940 graduates, the 4,189 evacuees and 15,000 meals of Operation Saguenay in 1996, the 1985 start of 24-hour NORAD alert, and the finding that by the 1980s nearly 80 per cent of the base&rsquo;s operations and administration were conducted in French<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/fr\/ministere-defense-nationale\/feuille-derable\/arc\/migration\/2015\/le-433e-escadron-tactique-de-chasse-renait.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Le 433e Escadron tactique de chasse rena&#238;t<\/a><span>the 9 June 2015 reactivation ceremony, the officers present, the &quot;Ti-pics&quot; nickname and the verbatim French quotation from Lieutenant-g&#233;n&#233;ral Yvan Blondin<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/fr\/force-aerienne\/organisation\/escadrons\/433-escadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">433e Escadron d&rsquo;appui tactique (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the official squadron name, the &quot;Porcs-&#233;pics&quot; and &quot;Ti-pics&quot; nicknames, the motto &quot;Qui s&rsquo;y frotte, s&rsquo;y pique&quot;, the porcupine badge, and the formation and disbandment dates of 25 September 1943, 16 October 1945, 15 November 1954, 31 July 1961, 26 September 1969 and 14 July 2005<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/museebagotville.ca\/en\/chronicles\/433-tactical-fighter-squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">433 Tactical Fighter Squadron (Bagotville Air Defence Museum)<\/a><span>the Porcupine nickname and the 2,316 missions flown between January 1944 and April 1945<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/who-we-are\/organizational-structure\/1-canadian-air-division\/3-wing.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3 Wing Bagotville (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the wing mission statement, the current unit list including 439 Domestic Response Squadron, and the statement that Bagotville will be one of two main operating bases for Canada&rsquo;s future fighter. Note: the RCAF renamed its three Combat Support Squadrons &mdash; 439 at Bagotville, 417 at Cold Lake and 444 at Goose Bay &mdash; as Domestic Response Squadrons, although the individual squadron pages on canada.ca still carried the old title in September 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/press-releases\/norad-quick-reaction-alert-facility-construction-begins-at-cfb-bagotville\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NORAD Quick Reaction Alert facility construction begins at CFB Bagotville<\/a><span>the August 2024 start, the roughly $120 million value, Pomerleau Inc as contractor, the 7,400 square metre facility and 17,000 square metre compound, the 2027 completion, the 600-plus regional jobs and the Bill Blair quotation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/read.aviationnewsjournal.com\/collections\/aviation-news-journal-vol34-no5\/c9a2c055-71f6-11ef-8060-42010a800016\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bagotville International Air Show (Aviation News Journal)<\/a><span>the 22&ndash;23 June 2024 dates, the record 151,000 attendance split 83,000 and 68,000, the previous record of 143,000 in 2019, the 1953 founding, the five-year gap and the fifteen acts including the RAF Typhoon display team and the Frecce Tricolori<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/news\/archive\/2012\/12\/flight-safety-investigation-report-demonstration-cf-18-accident-july-23-2010.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report: Demonstration CF-18 accident, July 23, 2010<\/a><span>Captain Brian Bews of 425 Squadron, 3 Wing Bagotville, the loss of right engine thrust during a high angle of attack pass at 300 feet, the ejection and parachute landing injuries and the destruction of the aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYBG\/Bagotville-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYBG Bagotville Airport<\/a><span>runway 11\/29 at 10,000 x 150 feet with an asphalt and concrete surface, runway 18\/36 at 6,029 x 150 feet, field elevation 522 ft and the published coordinates; converted to metres here. Source publishes in feet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcinet.ca\/en\/2020\/08\/24\/canada-history-aug-24-2007-honouring-afghanistan-war-dead\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada History: Aug 24, 2007 &mdash; Honouring Afghanistan war dead<\/a><span>the 24 August 2007 designation and 7 September 2007 sign unveiling, James Forbes and his petition, the roughly 170-kilometre route from CFB Trenton to the coroner&rsquo;s forensic centre, and the total of 158 military and seven civilian Canadian deaths in Afghanistan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/national\/portion-of-401-to-become-highway-of-heroes\/article692673\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Portion of 401 to become the Highway of Heroes (The Globe and Mail)<\/a><span>the verbatim quotations from Ontario transport minister Donna Cansfield and from James Forbes, and the 170-kilometre length of the designated stretch<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legionmagazine.com\/the-way-home\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Way Home (Legion Magazine)<\/a><span>the ramp ceremony and repatriation procedure at 8 Wing, the 2002 repatriation of the first four Canadians killed in Afghanistan and their names, the make-up of the crowds on the overpasses, and Master Corporal Byron Greff as the last of the 158<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/operations\/military-operations\/recently-completed\/operation-aegis.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Operation AEGIS (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the August 2021 dates, the CC-130J, CC-150 and CC-177 aircraft used, the thirteen nations flying the air bridge and the approximately 3,700 people evacuated as at 26 August<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/migration\/2014\/flight-safety-investigation-report-igloolik-sar-incident-of-october-27-2011.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report: Igloolik SAR incident of October 27, 2011<\/a><span>the location eight nautical miles southeast of Igloolik, the Trenton-based CC-130 Hercules and the three SAR technicians dropped, the death of Sergeant Janick Gilbert and the scope of the investigation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ml-fd.caf-fac.ca\/en\/2018\/11\/21395\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RCAF CC-177 Globemaster III reaches impressive milestone (The Maple Leaf)<\/a><span>the 8 August 2007 delivery of the first CC-177 and the 10,000 flying hours reached by CC-17701 on 12 October 2018 during a northern resupply mission<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airforcemuseum.ca\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Halifax (National Air Force Museum of Canada)<\/a><span>the 24 April 1945 loss of NA337 on a supply drop to the Norwegian resistance, the ditching in Lake Mj&#248;sa, the single survivor, the 1995 recovery, the decade of volunteer restoration, the 2005 unveiling and the 6,176 Halifaxes built<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYTR\/Trenton-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYTR Trenton Airport<\/a><span>runway 06\/24 at 10,001 x 200 feet asphalt, field elevation 283 ft and the published coordinates; converted to metres here. Source publishes in feet and lists no second runway at CYTR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/auroranewspaper.com\/2023\/09\/labrador-loss-25-years-ago-affected-us-all\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Labrador loss 25 years ago affected us all (The Aurora)<\/a><span>the 2 October 1998 loss of Labrador 305 near Marsoui, the six crew names and roles, the fuel leak, fire and in-flight break-up, the circumstances of the tasking, and the verbatim quotations from Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Norris and Chief Warrant Officer Stephen Bates<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/migration\/2015\/remembering-the-crash-of-boxtop-flight-22.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Remembering the crash of Boxtop Flight 22 (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the 30 October 1991 crash of CC-130 130322 of 435 Squadron 16 km south of CFS Alert, the eighteen on board, the five deaths and thirteen survivors, and the 413 Squadron SAR technicians who parachuted in over 32 hours after the crash<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/end-of-an-era-rcaf-413-squadron-retires-cc-130h-hercules-after-decades-of-service\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">End of an era: RCAF 413 Squadron retires CC-130H Hercules after decades of service<\/a><span>the mid-January 2026 final flight, aircraft 333 with about 37,000 hours as the highest-time H model, the failed departure attempts, the 3,600 nautical mile range and twelve-hour endurance, and the verbatim quotations from Major Kristopher Kelusky and Lieutenant-Colonel Greg Boone<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/services\/defence\/defence-equipment-purchases-upgrades\/air-equipment-procurement\/canadian-multi-mission-aircraft-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Multi-Mission Aircraft project (Government of Canada)<\/a><span>up to 16 P-8A Poseidon aircraft to replace the CP-140 Aurora, basing at 14 Wing Greenwood and 19 Wing Comox, acquisition costed at greater than $5 billion, in-service support through 2055 at greater than $10 billion, and first delivery stated for 2027<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYZX\/Greenwood-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYZX Greenwood Airport<\/a><span>runways 08\/26 and 12\/30 each at 7,999 x 200 feet, 08\/26 grooved asphalt, the two 98 x 98 ft helipads, field elevation 92 ft and the published coordinates; converted to metres here. Source publishes in feet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/squadrons\/442-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">442 Transport and Rescue Squadron (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the Victoria search and rescue region of about 920,000 square kilometres of terrain and 560,000 square kilometres of ocean to roughly 600 nautical miles offshore, the 27,000 kilometres of coastline, the roughly 200 personnel, the aircraft types, the motto and the Haietlik badge<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/inside-final-operational-flight-rcaf-cc-115-buffalo-aircraft\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Behind the final operational flight of the CC-115 Buffalo (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the 15 January 2022 final flight, aircraft 115452, Captains Fahim Awan and Matthew Hart, the football-field strip performance and contour flying in British Columbia valleys, and the verbatim quotations from both pilots<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2022\/01\/final-operational-flight-of-the-cc-115-buffalo-aircraft.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Final operational flight of the CC-115 Buffalo aircraft (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the June 1967 to December 1968 procurement, the 1975 change to the search and rescue role, the 9 August 1974 shoot-down with nine killed, the three airframes retained as artefacts, the sixteen CC-295 Kingfishers on order and the verbatim quotations from Anita Anand, Lieutenant-General Al Meinzinger and Lieutenant-Colonel Rhonda Stevens<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/services\/defence\/defence-equipment-purchases-upgrades\/air-equipment-procurement\/canadian-multi-mission-aircraft-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Multi-Mission Aircraft project (Government of Canada)<\/a><span>up to 16 P-8A Poseidon aircraft to replace the CP-140 Aurora, to be based at 14 Wing Greenwood and 19 Wing Comox, acquisition above $5 billion, in-service support through 2055 above $10 billion and first delivery stated for 2027<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYQQ\/Comox-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYQQ Comox Airport<\/a><span>runway 12\/30 at 10,001 x 200 feet concrete and runway 18\/36 at 4,998 x 200 feet asphalt, field elevation 84 ft and the published coordinates; converted to metres here. Source publishes in feet and gives 12\/30 as concrete rather than porous friction course<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/5-wing-goose-bay-little-wing-big-effect\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5 Wing Goose Bay: Little wing, big effect (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the 75 military personnel, 90 civilians and roughly 250 Serco Canada staff, the 295,000 square kilometre area of responsibility, the 22,500 aircraft staged in the Second World War, the 12,000 people on the base during the Cold War, 444 Domestic Response Squadron&rsquo;s three Griffons, the practice target area 65 nautical miles south with 5,200-foot and 1,500-foot strips, the altitude blocks to 60,000 feet, the 2018&ndash;19 Luftwaffe A319, A340 and A400M training, and the verbatim quotation from Lieutenant-Colonel Stephane Racle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cjns.brandonu.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/30-1-02Alcantara.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Alcantara, Indigenous Contentious Collective Action in Canada: The Labrador Innu and their Occupation of the Goose Bay Military Air Base (Canadian Journal of Native Studies 30:1)<\/a><span>the 15 September 1988 occupation by about 75 Innu, the 22 September protest by about 100, the seven runway protests between September and December 1988, the arrests of Daniel Ashini, Penote Ben Michel, Peter Penashue and Tshaukuesh Elizabeth Penashue and the trial judge&rsquo;s finding that they honestly believed they were not trespassing, the later appellate reversal, the 1986 memorandum of understanding raising sorties from 6,300 to 18,000 a year, the 22 May 1990 NATO decision not to build the tactical fighter weapons training centre, and the 1995 environmental assessment panel report<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.culturalsurvival.org\/publications\/cultural-survival-quarterly\/innu-women-and-nato-occupation-nitassinan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Innu Women and NATO: The Occupation of Nitassinan (Cultural Survival Quarterly)<\/a><span>the nineteen days served in a provincial jail in the early spring of 1989, the eight further Innu women and seven Innu men arrested, the figure of more than 250 arrests by the summer of 1989, the 8,000 low-level flights a year between April and November, and the verbatim quotations from Rose Gregoire and Francesca Snow<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ammsa.com\/publications\/windspeaker\/justice-applied-respect-culture-and-tradtions-inuit-0\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Justice applied with respect to culture and traditions of Inuit (Windspeaker)<\/a><span>Provincial Court Judge James Igloliorte dismissing the trespassing charges against the Innu who occupied the Canadian Forces base, and the description of him as the first Canadian judge to decide such a case that way<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/CYYR\/runways.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: CYYR Goose Bay Airport runways<\/a><span>runway 08\/26 at 11,046 by 209 feet asphalt and runway 15\/33 at 9,580 by 200 feet asphalt, both lighted; the source publishes in feet and the metric figures here are converted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2021\/06\/flight-safety-investigation-report-for-stalker-22-accident.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report for Stalker 22 Accident (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the 28 June 2021 release date, the Command Model Attitude Bias Phenomenon, the finding that manual input overriding an engaged flight director left insufficient control authority, the names and ranks of the six killed, and the verbatim quotation from Brigadier-General John Alexander<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/verticalmag.com\/news\/cyclone-crash-report-details-fatal-flight-control-problem\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cyclone crash report details events that led to fatal flight control problem (Vertical Magazine)<\/a><span>the technical detail of the return-to-target turn at about 50 feet and 130 knots, the climb to roughly 410 feet and deceleration to 85 knots, the radar altitude hold and indicated airspeed hold functions left engaged, the cyclic pulled to the aft stop, and the 14-second accident sequence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.navalreview.ca\/2011\/12\/the-sea-king-saga-attrition-by-numbers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Sea King attrition saga (Canadian Naval Review)<\/a><span>fourteen of the 41 Canadian Sea Kings lost in accidents between 1967 and 2006, an attrition rate of about a third, seven naval aviators killed plus one further fatality, and the breakdown of causes into engines, main gearboxes and crew input<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veterans.gc.ca\/en\/remembrance\/military-history\/service-canada\/operation-persistence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Operation Persistence (Veterans Affairs Canada)<\/a><span>the 2 September 1998 crash at 22:31, the more than 2,400 Canadian Armed Forces members with about 1,300 navy, 700 army and 400 air force, the 450 RCMP officers, HMCS Preserver, Moncton, Ville de Quebec and the submarine Okanagan, the 6 and 11 September recorder recoveries, the temporary morgue at CFB Shearwater, the completion in December 1999 and the 98 per cent recovery of over 126,000 kilograms with all 229 identified<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/destroyer-damaged-sea-king-return-to-n-s-1.404083\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Destroyer, damaged Sea King return to N.S. (CBC News)<\/a><span>the engine failure on take-off from HMCS Iroquois near the Grand Banks as the ship sailed for the Persian Gulf, the fall of about ten metres back onto the flight deck, the two crew slightly hurt and the verbatim comments of Commander Paul Maddison<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/press-releases\/423-squadron-conducts-last-sea-king-flight\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">423 Squadron conducts its last Sea King flight (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the 26 January 2018 final East Coast Sea King flight at 12 Wing Shearwater with three aircraft in the flypast, and the 54 years of Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/migration\/2018\/sea-king-going-out-with-style.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sea King: Going out with style (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the 24 May 1963 service entry and December 2018 retirement, the CHSS-2 origin as a Royal Canadian Navy anti-submarine system, the operations from HMCS Bonaventure and destroyer escorts, the avionics upgrades and the verbatim quotation from Lieutenant-Colonel Travis Chapman<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/wings\/12-wing\/history.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">12 Wing Shearwater History (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the August 1918 United States Naval Air Station Halifax at Baker&rsquo;s Point, the description of Shearwater as the birthplace of maritime patrol aviation in Canada, the Second World War bomber reconnaissance squadrons, HMCS Shearwater as the cradle of Canadian naval aviation, the Canadian origin of destroyer helicopter operations and the Sea King&rsquo;s deployments to the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Somalia, Haiti and the Adriatic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/CYAW\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: CYAW Shearwater Heliport<\/a><span>the coordinates 44.636782 \/ -63.502107 and the field elevation of 144 feet, about 44 metres; the runway list gives 16H\/34H at 3,500 by 112 feet active and 16\/34 and 10\/28 closed. The source publishes in feet and the metric figures here are converted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2021\/03\/flight-safety-investigation-report-for-kamloops-snowbirds-accident.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report for Kamloops Snowbirds accident (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the 17 May 2020 date, the single small bird ingested on take-off causing a compressor stall, the climb and turn back, the aerodynamic stall and the ejection below the safe envelope, the death of Captain Jenn Casey and the injury to Captain Richard MacDougall, the five preventive measures recommended and the verbatim quotation from Colonel John Alexander<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/press-releases\/skyalyne-awarded-11-2b-contract-for-canadas-future-aircrew-training-program\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyAlyne awarded 11.2 billion dollar contract for Canada&rsquo;s Future Aircrew Training program (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the 29 May 2024 award, the 11.2 billion dollar value including taxes over 25 years, the CAE and KF Aerospace joint venture, the aircraft types, the bases at 15 Wing Moose Jaw, Portage la Prairie and 402 Squadron at 17 Wing Winnipeg, the spring 2029 training start and the verbatim quotations from Bill Blair and Lieutenant-General Eric Kenny<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armyrecognition.com\/news\/aerospace-news\/2026\/ct-157-siskin-ii-rcaf-pc-21-delivery\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">First Pilatus PC-21 trainers for Canada depart Switzerland (Army Recognition)<\/a><span>the departure of the first two CT-157 Siskin II aircraft from Switzerland on 14 September 2026, the 19 PC-21s bought by KF Aerospace for SkyAlyne, the 71 aircraft across five fleets and 15 Wing Moose Jaw as the primary operating base<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/2024\/03\/rcaf-embarks-bridge-flit-419-squadron-begins-hiatus.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RCAF embarks on Bridge FLIT as 419 Squadron begins hiatus (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the end of CT-155 Hawk training at 15 Wing Moose Jaw in the summer of 2023, the Hawk&rsquo;s roughly 24 years of service, the 8 March 2024 start of 419 Squadron&rsquo;s hiatus and planned reactivation in the early 2030s, the placements in Finland and at Italy&rsquo;s International Flight Training School and the up to seven students a year at ENJJPT, Sheppard Air Force Base<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/3337502\/more-details-released-on-military-plane-crash-near-moose-jaw-sask\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">More details released on military plane crash near Moose Jaw (Global News)<\/a><span>the 27 January 2017 CT-156 Harvard II accident at 15 Wing: the student reducing thrust to idle during aerobatic training, the instructor taking control, the low oil pressure warning and power loss at low altitude, the double ejection and the one pilot with minor injuries<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2016\/05\/flight-safety-report-on-2014-training-accident-to-be-released.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Report on 2014 training accident to be released (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the 24 January 2014 CT-156 Harvard II accident at 15 Wing Moose Jaw during practised forced landings, the hard landing that damaged the gear, the successful double ejection with minor injuries and the destruction of the aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skyvector.com\/airport\/CYMJ\/Moose-Jaw-Air-Vice-Marshal-C-M-McEwen-Airport\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyVector: CYMJ Moose Jaw \/ Air Vice-Marshal C.M. McEwen Airport<\/a><span>field elevation 1,892 feet, coordinates N50 19.82 \/ W105 33.55, and runways 11L\/29R at 8,320 by 150 feet, 11R\/29L at 7,280 by 150 feet and 03\/21 at 3,460 by 100 feet, all asphalt. The source publishes in feet and the metric figures here are converted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/wings\/17-wing\/history.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">17 Wing History (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the 1922 Air Board station, the April 1925 opening of RCAF Station Winnipeg as one of the first air force bases in Canada, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan figure of more than 130,000 aircrew, the over 5,000 foreign aircrew from No. 2 Air Observer School and the Central Navigation School, the 1 October 1950 formation of RCAF (Reserve) Wing Winnipeg, the 1 April 1993 re-establishment of 17 Wing, the 1994 arrival of 435 Squadron and 1 Air Movements Squadron, the over 2,900 personnel including about 650 local civilians and the October 1992 Freedom of the City<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/squadrons\/435-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">435 Transport and Rescue Squadron (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span>the mission of air mobility and search and rescue including air-to-air refuelling of fighter aircraft, the November 1944 formation at Gujrat, the chinthe badge, the motto Certi Provehendi, the description of the Trenton search and rescue region as the largest in Canada running from Quebec City to the British Columbia and Alberta boundary and from the United States border to the North Pole, and the statement that the squadron has been the only air-to-air refuelling unit since 1992<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/features\/435-transport-and-rescue-squadron-double-mission-single-focus\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">435 Transport and Rescue Squadron: Double mission, single focus (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the four CC-130H Hercules, the 30-minute weekday and two-hour night and weekend readiness, the two to three million pounds of fuel offloaded a year, the 32 weeks out of 52 away from home, the swing-force role in converting the other search and rescue bases to the CC-295, and the verbatim quotations from Lieutenant-Colonel John Coffin, Major Cameron Pow and Captain Pat Ketsman<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/435-squadron-delivers-air-to-air-refuelling-for-a-quarter-century\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">435 Squadron delivers air-to-air refuelling for a quarter century (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the five CC-130H aircraft delivered by the end of 1992, the 1993 first aircrew course, the 11 February 1993 first operational mission supporting the interception of a hijacked Lufthansa A310, Operation Southern Watch in 1998, the 79 days of Operation Allied Force in 1999, Operation Noble Eagle from 2001, Operation Mobile from Sicily in 2011, the Cobham Mk 32B-751 pod passing up to 1,136 litres a minute through a 78-foot hose, and the 31 May 2018 museum exhibit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/press-releases\/skyalyne-awarded-11-2b-contract-for-canadas-future-aircrew-training-program\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SkyAlyne awarded 11.2 billion dollar contract for Canada&rsquo;s Future Aircrew Training program (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span>the 29 May 2024 award naming 402 Squadron at 17 Wing Winnipeg as one of the three programme sites, and the De Havilland Dash 8-400 with a mission training system among the five fleets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/CYWG\/runways.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: CYWG Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport runways<\/a><span>runway 18\/36 at 11,000 by 200 feet asphalt, 13\/31 at 8,841 by 200 feet asphalt and the closed 07\/25 at 4,500 by 200 feet; SkyVector gives the field elevation as 784 feet. Both sources publish in feet and the metric figures here are converted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2024\/12\/flight-safety-investigation-report-for-ch147310-chinook-accident.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Safety Investigation Report for CH147310 Chinook accident (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the 20 June 2023 accident on the Ottawa River near Garrison Petawawa, the finding of unrecognised spatial disorientation affecting all crew members with unrecognised downward acceleration and environmental conditions as contributors, the preventive measures recommended at base, squadron, wing, division and strategic levels, the deaths of Captain Marc Larouche and Captain David Domagala and the two flight engineers with minor injuries, and the verbatim quotations from Colonel Jean-Fran&#231;ois Gauvin and Lieutenant-General Eric Kenny<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2023\/06\/royal-canadian-air-force-members-recovered-from-ch-147f-chinook-helicopter-crash-identified.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force members recovered from CH-147F Chinook helicopter crash identified (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span>the naming of Captain David Domagala, 32, posted to 450 Tactical Helicopter Squadron in 2019, and Captain Marc Larouche, 53, following identification by the coroner and in accordance with the families&rsquo; wishes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ml-fd.caf-fac.ca\/en\/2018\/01\/9443\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Lion evolved: the story of 427 Squadron&rsquo;s celebrated 75-year history (Royal Canadian Air Force, The Maple Leaf)<\/a><span>the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer adoption with aircraft named after Judy Garland, Lana Turner and Joan Crawford, the lifetime passes to MGM theatres across North America, the lion cub presented through Winston Churchill, the roughly 3,200 wartime sorties, the four DSOs, two CGMs, 16 DFMs and 147 DFCs, the 1952 reforming, the move to Zweibr&#252;cken, the CF-104 years, the 1 January 1971 reforming at Petawawa, the 1997 standardisation on the Griffon and the 2006 CANSOFCOM reorganisation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.helis.com\/database\/modelorg\/Canadian-Chinook-Afghanistan\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Boeing CH-47D Chinook in Canadian Armed Forces (Helis.com)<\/a><span>the purchase of six CH-147D aircraft from the United States Army for 292 million dollars delivered in December 2008 as 147201 to 147206, the operations from the X-Ray ramp at Kandahar Airfield from 28 December 2008 to 30 July 2011 totalling 7,084.5 flying hours, 90,723 passengers and 7,097,989 pounds of cargo, the loss to small arms fire on 5 August 2010 and the landing crash of 15 May 2011 with thirty aboard, the four survivors sent to Arizona in October 2011 and the two museum donations of December 2016, and the August 2009 announcement of fifteen CH-147F aircraft for delivery in 2013 and 2014<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/maple-leaf\/rcaf\/migration\/2014\/royal-canadian-air-force-ch-147-chinook-helicopter-fleet-complete.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force CH-147 Chinook helicopter fleet complete (Royal Canadian Air Force, The Maple Leaf)<\/a><span>the declaration of fleet completion on 3 July 2014, the fifteen aircraft delivered within a single year with the final aircraft accepted on 30 June 2014, and the verbatim statements from Rob Nicholson, Steve Parker of Boeing and Colonel Andrew Fleming<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/news\/archive\/2009\/09\/initial-flight-safety-report-griffon-helicopter-accident-afghanistan-july-6-2009.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Initial Flight Safety Report for Griffon Helicopter Accident in Afghanistan on July 6, 2009 (Government of Canada)<\/a><span>the 6 July 2009 accident near a forward operating base outside Kandahar, the aircraft of 430 Escadron tactique d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res contacting a barrier in dust-ball conditions on take-off, the deaths of Master Corporal Pat Audet, Corporal Martin Joannette and a coalition soldier, and the focus of the investigation on training and procedures for the Afghan environment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legionmagazine.com\/the-silver-dart-canadas-first-successful-plane-and-the-rcaf\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Silver Dart: Canada&rsquo;s first successful plane and the RCAF (Legion Magazine)<\/a><span>the four demonstration flights at Petawawa in August 1909, the wrecking of the aircraft on the final flight, the interest of the Department of Militia and Defence and its decision to put an aerial division on hold<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/CYWA\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: CYWA Petawawa Heliport<\/a><span>the coordinates 45.952202 \/ -77.319199 and the elevation of 427 feet, about 130 metres; the runway listing gives the closed 17\/35 as 3,800 by 75 feet of unpaved grass. The source publishes in feet and the metric figures here are converted<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/rcaf-unveils-new-ct-157-siskin-ii-training-aircraft-at-gatineau-airshow\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RCAF unveils new CT-157 Siskin II training aircraft at Gatineau airshow (Skies Magazine)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-services-procurement\/news\/2026\/08\/government-of-canada-conditionally-sells-retired-cc-130h-hercules-aircraft-to-protect-canadians-by-strengthening-canadas-private-sector-aerial-fire.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Government of Canada conditionally sells retired CC-130H Hercules aircraft (Public Services and Procurement Canada, 7 August 2026)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/couriernews.ca\/featured-news\/417-squadron-shifts-focus-to-domestic-response\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">417 Squadron shifts focus to domestic response (Courier News, 28 February 2026)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/fighter-jets\/future-fighter-capability-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Future Fighter Capability Project (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/strategic-tanker-transport-capability-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Strategic Tanker Transport Capability Project (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/cormorant-mid-life-upgrade.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cormorant Mid-Life Upgrade (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/remotely-piloted-aircraft-system.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Project (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/procurement\/fixed-wing-search-and-rescue-procurement-project.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue Aircraft Replacement Project (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/corporate\/organizational-structure\/military-personnel-command\/state-of-the-canadian-armed-forces.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">State of the Canadian Armed Forces (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/corporate\/reports-publications\/departmental-plans\/departmental-plan-2026-27.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Departmental Plan 2026-27 (Department of National Defence)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/news\/2026\/03\/canada-achieves-the-2-of-gross-domestic-product-defence-spending-benchmark.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada achieves the 2% of GDP defence spending benchmark (Department of National Defence, 26 March 2026)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/reports-publications\/on-windswept-heights-2\/94-timeline.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">On Windswept Heights II: RCAF timeline (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/services\/aircraft\/ct-153.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CT-153 Juno (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/squadrons\/424-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">424 Transport and Rescue Squadron (Royal Canadian Air Force)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/canada-f35-purchase-components-9.7081240\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada quietly paying for F-35 components (CBC News, February 2026)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-21. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Julian Herzog \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: RCAF \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: MSGT ROBERT A. WHITEHEAD \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Alonzo Martin-Frazier \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: CambridgeBayWeather \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: TunaFish Spotting \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Balon Greyjoy \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: simon butler from halesowen, uk \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: MarcelX42 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Shawn from Airdrie, Canada \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Jonathan Palombo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Garth Weals \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Bangladesh Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Matti Blume \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Ahunt \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Karel Subrt \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Cameron11598 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Government of Canada \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Canadian Department of National Defence Photo PC-2144 \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Dennis G. Jarvis \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Master Sgt. H.D. Robinson, U.S. Air Force photo 342-C-KE-62480 \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Robert Taylor from Stirling, ON, Canada \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Clemens Vasters from Viersen, Germany, Germany \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alf van Beem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: CambridgeBayWeather \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Andrew Thomas from Shrewsbury, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: SDASM Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Ken Mist from Woodstock, Ontario, Canada \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Halifax. Royal Air Force official photographer, H. Hensser \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Royal Air Force Hurricane. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Spitfire. ChowellsNoise reduction and shadows lifted by Diliff. \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.5) &middot; Photo: Bzuk \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Ken Mist \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Mosquito. Fotoafdrukken Koninklijke Luchtmacht \/ Photo Prints, Royal Netherlands Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Mitchell. Royal Air Force official photographer \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: J. S. Bond \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Bernard Spragg. NZ from Christchurch, New Zealand \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: U.S. Navy \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Hugh Llewelyn from Keynsham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Battle. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Andre Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: ZLEA \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Crisco 1492 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: JustSomePics \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Michael Gaylard from Horsham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Canada. Dept. of National Defence \/ Library and Archives Canada \/ PA-064032 \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Royal Air Force Hampden. San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Logan Rickert \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: 1st Lt. Ellen Brabo, Battle Group Poland \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Canada. 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UK Government \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Government of Ontario \/ Wikimedia Commons (OGL-ON) &middot; Photo: Arthur Douglas Pearce \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Community Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: SMU Libraries Digital Collections \/ Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions) &middot; Photo: John S. 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