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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-air-and-space-force\/\">Spanish Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Torrej&#243;n Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Base A&#233;rea de Torrej&#243;n<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Ala 12 C.15 Hornets; military aerodrome, H24)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LETO<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3,658 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1957<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Raimundo Pastor \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Spanish Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Autonomous community<\/b>Community of Madrid<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>618 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>40.4967 N, 3.4458 W<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Torrej&#243;n Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Torrej&#243;n, 24 km east of Madrid, is the Madrid fighter base of the Spanish Air and Space Force and the home of Ala 12, whose two Hornet squadrons carry the call signs P&#243;ker and Tenis. The base was established on 1 June 1957 as a joint Spanish and American installation under the 1953 Pact of Madrid, and for more than three decades it was a major US Air Force base. The 401st Tactical Fighter Wing arrived in April 1966 with F-100D\/F Super Sabres, flew F-4C\/D Phantoms from the 1970s, F-16A\/Bs from 5 February 1983 and F-16C\/Ds from 1988, and stayed until the USAF handed its part of the base back on 21 May 1992; the official Ala 12 history dates the end of the American presence to May 1993.<\/p>\n<p>Ala 12 has flown almost every front-line Spanish fighter of the jet age: F-86F Sabres from 1958, F-104G Starfighters from 1965, F-4C and RF-4C Phantoms from 1971 to 2002, and from March 1989 the F-18 Hornet. Between November 1994 and July 2002 the wing formed the core of Destacamento &#205;caro at Aviano for the Balkan operations. Torrej&#243;n also hosts firefighting, electronic warfare and flight test units and Ala 45&rsquo;s 452 Escuadr&#243;n with A330 transports (T.24) and tankers (TK.24). Its main runway is 3,658 m long, the AIP also lists a 2,752 m military-only strip (04D), and it names the base as a technical alternate for Madrid-Barajas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Torrej&#243;n from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Torrej&#243;n Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 3,658 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Torrej&#243;n Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=-3.49935,40.47778,-3.39231,40.51556\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=-3.49614,40.47116,-3.39552,40.52218\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=-3.47068,40.47778,-3.42098,40.51556\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>El F-104 se despidi&#243; del Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y de Torrej&#243;n tras contabilizar un total de 18.000 horas de vuelo sin un solo accidente grave.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y del Espacio<\/b><span>official history of Ala 12, on the retirement of the F-104G in 1973 (the same page gives 17,000 hours elsewhere)<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es\/EA\/ejercitodelaire\/es\/organizacion\/unidades\/unidad\/Ala-12\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y del Espacio, unit page Ala 12<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>called for a marked reduction of the United States presence in Spain and terminated the United States military and economic aid<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Library of Congress, Federal Research Division<\/b><span>Spain: A Country Study, on the base agreement of 1988 that ended the US fighter presence at Torrej&#243;n (excerpt)<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/countrystudies.us\/spain\/89.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Spain: A Country Study (Library of Congress), via countrystudies.us<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Torrej&#243;n Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LETO<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Spain<\/dd>\n<dt>Autonomous community<\/dt>\n<dd>Community of Madrid<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>40.4967 N, 3.4458 W<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>618 m <span class=\"imp\">(2,028 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>04\/22<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>3,658 m <span class=\"imp\">(12,001 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Not published<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Ala 12 C.15 Hornets; military aerodrome, H24<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Spanish Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1957<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>Ala 12 and the other units of the Torrej&#243;n base; the AIP names the Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y del Espacio as operator<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>6 current, 5 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>4<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Torrej&#243;n Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>6 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>121 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12)<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>122 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12)<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>43 Grupo<small>Aerial firefighting group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Canadair CL-215<\/dd>\n<dt>Ala 45 (452 Escuadr&#243;n, formerly 45 Grupo)<small>VIP transport and tanker &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330-200 (T.24), Airbus A330 MRTT (TK.24)<\/dd>\n<dt>47 Grupo Mixto<small>Electronic warfare and intelligence &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>54 Grupo (flight test)<small>Flight test group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>5 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">123 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12)<small>&mdash; &middot; Flew the RF-4C reconnaissance Phantoms; deactivated in 2002, when the Phantom era (1971&ndash;2002) ended. Call sign Tit&#225;n.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">RF-4C Phantom II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Ala 12 and predecessors: early fighter types<small>1958&ndash;2002 &middot; F-86F 1958&ndash;1973, F-104G 1965&ndash;1973, F-4C and RF-4C 1971&ndash;2002, plus KC-97L tankers 1972&ndash;1976. The unit took the name Ala 12 in 1971.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86F Sabre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">F-104G Starfighter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">F-4C Phantom II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">401st Tactical Fighter Wing (USAF)<small>1966&ndash;1992 &middot; Allied unit, not Spanish. Arrived from England AFB on 27 April 1966 with F-100D\/F Super Sabres; moved to the F-4 in 1970 (the lineage page says F-4E), the F-4C in September 1973 and the F-4D in 1978 or 1979; first F-16A\/Bs on 5 February 1983 and Block 30 F-16C\/Ds from late 1987 to September 1988 (the lineage page gives July 1988). The USAF portion of the base was handed to Spain on 21 May 1992 and the wing moved to Aviano without personnel or aircraft.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">F-100D\/F Super Sabre, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">F-4C\/D Phantom II<\/a>, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon, F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">98th Strategic Wing (USAF)<small>1966&ndash;1976 &middot; Allied unit, not Spanish. Replaced the 3970th Strategic Wing on 25 June 1966 with KC-135 Stratotankers and was inactivated on 31 December 1976.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">KC-135 Stratotanker<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">497th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (USAF)<small>1958&ndash;1960 &middot; Allied unit, not Spanish. Arrived 5 July 1958 with F-86s, converted to the F-102 from 26 April 1960 and was transferred on 1 July 1960.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86 Sabre<\/a>, F-102 Delta Dagger<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\">EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">RF-4C Phantom II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86F Sabre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">F-104G Starfighter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">F-4C Phantom II<\/a>, Canadair CL-215, Airbus A330-200 (T.24), Airbus A330 MRTT (TK.24), F-100D\/F Super Sabre, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">F-4C\/D Phantom II<\/a>, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon, F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon, KC-135 Stratotanker, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86 Sabre<\/a>, F-102 Delta Dagger<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Torrej&#243;n is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>Madrid&rsquo;s fighter base<\/h3>\n<p>Torrej&#243;n is home to Ala 12, the Hornet wing that guards the Spanish capital and keeps fighters on quick reaction alert around the clock.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Ala 12 logged its 100,000th F-18 flight hour in November 2003, fourteen years after the first Hornets arrived in March 1989.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A Cold War American base<\/h3>\n<p>Built under the 1953 Pact of Madrid, Torrej&#243;n was for 35 years one of the US Air Force&rsquo;s main bases in Europe, first for Strategic Air Command and then for a fighter wing.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 401st Tactical Fighter Wing flew from here from 27 April 1966 until the USAF handed its part of the base to Spain on 21 May 1992.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Every Spanish fighter of the jet age<\/h3>\n<p>The Madrid wing and its forerunners flew the Sabre, the Starfighter, the Phantom and the Hornet in turn.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Official totals: 50,000 hours on the Sabre, 17,000&ndash;18,000 on the F-104 and 90,000 on the F-4 Phantom.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>A Starfighter record<\/h3>\n<p>Spain&rsquo;s F-104G, notorious elsewhere for its losses, had a clean record at Torrej&#243;n.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The Air Force states its F-104s left with some 18,000 flight hours and not one serious accident (1965&ndash;1973).<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Europe&rsquo;s eye in space<\/h3>\n<p>The European Union Satellite Centre, which turns satellite imagery into intelligence for EU decision-makers, sits on the base.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">SatCen, founded under the Western European Union in 1992&ndash;1993 and an EU agency since 2002, has about 160 staff.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>NATO&rsquo;s southern air picture<\/h3>\n<p>One of NATO&rsquo;s Combined Air Operations Centres, under Allied Air Command, is at Torrej&#243;n and directs air policing over southern Europe.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">NATO lists three CAOCs for air policing; the one at Torrej&#243;n covers all NATO airspace south of the Alps.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>A base built by the Pact of Madrid<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Torrej&#243;n is a product of the Cold War bargain between Franco&rsquo;s Spain and the United States. The Pact of Madrid, signed on 26 September 1953, gave Washington the use of Spanish air and naval bases in return for military and economic aid, and ended the regime&rsquo;s post-war isolation. The Library of Congress country study notes that Spanish leaders soon complained that the supplies they received did not match the value of the bases they had conceded. Torrej&#243;n, 24 km east of Madrid on the plain beside the town of Torrej&#243;n de Ardoz, was the largest of the new air bases.<\/p>\n<p>According to the official Ala 12 history, the base &ldquo;entr&#243; en servicio el 1 de junio de 1957 como base de utilizaci&#243;n conjunta&rdquo;, a jointly used base. Its first Spanish occupants were the headquarters of the Air Defence Command and a squadron of F-86F Sabres. English-language histories say the Americans built a runway of about 13,400 ft (some 4,100 m) and call it for a time the longest in Europe; that claim is Wikipedia&rsquo;s and is unconfirmed. Today&rsquo;s AIP publishes a 3,658 m runway, 04\/22, with a shorter 2,752 m strip for military use only.<\/p>\n<p>For its first decade the American side belonged to Strategic Air Command. The 3970th Strategic Wing was activated on 1 July 1957 to support Operation Reflex, in which B-47 Stratojet wings rotated to forward bases because the bomber lacked the range to strike from the United States. On 25 June 1966 the 98th Strategic Wing replaced it with KC-135 Stratotankers for refuelling over the Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean, and was inactivated on 31 December 1976. Headquarters Sixteenth Air Force, also at Torrej&#243;n, passed from SAC to US Air Forces in Europe on 15 April 1966.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The 401st Tactical Fighter Wing<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The fighter era began on 27 April 1966, when the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing arrived from England Air Force Base, Louisiana, with F-100D\/F Super Sabres. It was an allied unit, not a Spanish one, and for 26 years it hosted rotational fighter detachments for NATO alert duty in Italy and Turkey. Two of its squadrons, the 612th and 614th, went to South Vietnam during the war there, at Phan Rang and Phu Cat, and returned to Torrej&#243;n afterwards.<\/p>\n<p>The wing&rsquo;s aircraft followed the American front line. It moved to the F-4 Phantom in 1970 (the wing&rsquo;s own lineage page says F-4E; the base article says only F-4), to the F-4C in September 1973 and the F-4D in 1978 or 1979, depending on the source. The first F-16A\/B Fighting Falcons arrived on 5 February 1983, and Block 30 F-16C\/Ds followed between late 1987 and September 1988; the lineage page gives July 1988. The 612th, 613th and 614th Tactical Fighter Squadrons carried blue, yellow and red tail stripes.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1990&ndash;91 Gulf crisis the 612th deployed to Incirlik in Turkey and the 614th to Doha, where it became the first US military unit stationed in Qatar. By then the wing&rsquo;s days in Spain were numbered. The squadrons were inactivated between 28 June 1991 and 1 January 1992; the USAF part of the base was transferred to Spain on 21 May 1992, and the wing moved on paper to Aviano in Italy without aircraft or people. The official Spanish history dates the last American unit&rsquo;s departure to May 1993.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Politics, protest and the 1988 agreement<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The American presence at Torrej&#243;n was never merely technical. After Franco&rsquo;s death the base agreements were renewed as a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1976, and again by executive agreement in 1982 after Spain joined NATO. Felipe Gonz&#225;lez&rsquo;s Socialist government then put continued NATO membership to a referendum on 2 March 1986; 52.6 per cent voted yes and 39.8 per cent no. The Library of Congress study records that a reduction in the US military presence was one of the conditions attached.<\/p>\n<p>The new eight-year agreement announced in January 1988, the study says, &ldquo;called for a marked reduction of the United States presence in Spain and terminated the United States military and economic aid&rdquo;. For Torrej&#243;n it meant the departure of the 401st&rsquo;s F-16s, which had to leave within three years, by mid-1991, and a cut of nearly half in the US forces stationed in Spain.<\/p>\n<p>The base&rsquo;s neighbours also paid a price in blood. On 12 April 1985 a bomb destroyed the El Descanso restaurant in Torrej&#243;n de Ardoz, a place frequented by American servicemen, killing 18 people, all of them Spanish. Of the 82 injured, 11 to 15 were Americans from the base, depending on the account. The Spanish investigation was closed in 1987 without arrests; the Interior Minister, Jos&#233; Barrionuevo, judged the claim of the Islamic Jihad Organization the most credible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Ala 12: Sabre, Starfighter, Phantom, Hornet<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Spanish fighter line began in April 1958 with 61 Escuadr&#243;n and its F-86F Sabres, formed at Getafe and moved to Torrej&#243;n in May 1959; it chose a cat as its emblem. In April 1965 a reorganisation made it 161 Escuadr&#243;n with 21 F-104G Starfighters, keeping the call sign Tenis. The official history gives the Starfighter 18,000 flight hours without a single serious accident in one passage and 17,000 hours in another; both are published here. The F-104s left on 25 January 1973.<\/p>\n<p>On 25 March 1971 the unit officially took the name Ala 12, and within days second-hand USAF F-4C Phantoms began to arrive, aircraft the Air Force notes had flown in the Vietnam War. They equipped 121 Escuadr&#243;n, call sign P&#243;ker. Four RF-4C reconnaissance Phantoms followed from October 1976 and more arrived in 1989 and again in late 1995 with updated avionics. The Phantoms logged 90,000 hours before the 14 remaining RF-4Cs were retired in October 2002, when 123 Escuadr&#243;n (Tit&#225;n) was disbanded.<\/p>\n<p>The Hornets came from March 1989: 36 single and two-seat F-18s over three years, with 122 Escuadr&#243;n converting first. A temporary 124 Escuadr&#243;n (Mambo) trained new crews until that task passed to Ala 15 at Zaragoza in 1995. Ala 12 was the first wing to receive the mid-life update in 2004, and the RecceLite pod took over reconnaissance from 2005, reaching full capability in November 2007. The wing has about 600 people, including 100 civilians, and keeps a quick reaction alert 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Destacamento &#205;caro and later deployments<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>From November 1994 to July 2002 Ala 12, alternating with Ala 15, formed the core of Destacamento &#205;caro at Aviano in Italy, the base to which the 401st had moved on paper in 1992. From there Spanish Hornets flew the NATO operations over the former Yugoslavia, including the air campaigns Deliberate Force over Bosnia-Herzegovina (30 August to 20 September 1995) and Allied Force over Kosovo and Serbia (24 March to 10 June 1999), when Spain deployed F\/A-18s and KC-130 tankers. The detachment received the Medalla A&#233;rea with collective character, which the Air Force calls one of the most important peacetime awards.<\/p>\n<p>The Libyan war brought a second combat deployment. On 19 March 2011 121 Escuadr&#243;n sent four aircraft to Decimomannu in Sardinia as Destacamento Argos, with 122 Escuadr&#243;n taking the lead from mid-May, until Ala 15 relieved the wing on 6 July 2011. In 2019 Ala 12 took part in NATO&rsquo;s Baltic Air Policing mission, which ended for it on 3 November.<\/p>\n<p>The wing&rsquo;s future is less certain than its past. Spain signed for 25 Eurofighters in the Halc&#243;n II programme on 20 December 2024, intended to replace the EF-18Ms of Ala 12 and Ala 15, but the specialist site Aeronaves Militares Espa&#241;olas notes that another replacement, possibly the Turkish KAAN, may yet be sought for the Hornets. No official re-equipment date for Torrej&#243;n was found this run.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>The other Torrej&#243;n: transports, satellites and NATO<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Torrej&#243;n is far more than a fighter base. Wikipedia lists 43 Grupo with its Canadair CL-215 and Bombardier 415 firefighting amphibians, 47 Grupo for electronic warfare and 54 Grupo for flight testing on the field; the official Ala 12 page mentions the Centro Log&#237;stico de Armamento y Experimentaci&#243;n (CLAEX) there. These units were not confirmed on an official page this run. From the mid-1990s the base was also Madrid&rsquo;s second civil airport, relieving Barajas; it closed to civil traffic on 1 February 2013, and the AIP now lists it only as a technical alternate for Barajas under a letter of agreement.<\/p>\n<p>The government and VIP fleet flies from here. According to Aeronaves Militares Espa&#241;olas, 452 Escuadr&#243;n of Ala 45, formerly 45 Grupo, received the first of three ex-Iberia A330-200s on 30 November 2021, designated T.24; they are being converted into A330 MRTT tankers by Airbus at Getafe, and the first converted aircraft, TK.24-02, was delivered on 29 October 2025. On 25 August 2026 the Council of Ministers authorised a framework agreement with Poland for the joint purchase of MRTT aircraft worth 5.4 billion euros, financed through the EU&rsquo;s SAFE instrument.<\/p>\n<p>Two international bodies also sit on the base. The European Union Satellite Centre began as the Western European Union Satellite Centre (the EU gives 1993, Wikipedia 1 June 1992) and became an EU agency in 2002; it supplies imagery-based intelligence and early warning to the EU, with about 160 staff. NATO&rsquo;s Combined Air Operations Centre Torrej&#243;n, subordinate to Allied Air Command, runs air policing over the airspace south of the Alps.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Torrej&#243;n, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>26 September: the Pact of Madrid gives the United States the use of Spanish air and naval bases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>1 June: Torrej&#243;n enters service as a jointly used Spanish and American base; SAC&rsquo;s 3970th Strategic Wing is activated on 1 July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>April: 61 Escuadr&#243;n forms with F-86F Sabres at Getafe; it moves to Torrej&#243;n in May 1959.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>April: reorganised as 161 Escuadr&#243;n with 21 F-104G Starfighters, call sign Tenis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1966<\/div>\n<p>17 January: the base&rsquo;s US commander leads the first response to the Palomares B-52 crash; 27 April: the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing arrives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>25 March: the unit officially becomes Ala 12; F-4C Phantoms arrive days later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>25 January: the F-104G leaves Spanish service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>October: first RF-4C reconnaissance Phantoms; 31 December: the USAF 98th Strategic Wing is inactivated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1983<\/div>\n<p>5 February: the 401st TFW receives its first F-16 Fighting Falcons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1985<\/div>\n<p>12 April: the El Descanso restaurant bombing in Torrej&#243;n de Ardoz kills 18 people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>January: Spain and the United States agree that the F-16s will leave Torrej&#243;n by mid-1991.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>March: Ala 12 begins receiving F-18 Hornets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1992<\/div>\n<p>21 May: the USAF part of the base is handed to Spain and the 401st moves to Aviano.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>November: Ala 12 begins its rotations with Destacamento &#205;caro at Aviano, which last until July 2002.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2002<\/div>\n<p>October: the last 14 RF-4Cs retire and 123 Escuadr&#243;n is disbanded; SatCen becomes an EU agency.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>19 March: four Ala 12 Hornets deploy to Decimomannu for operations over Libya.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>1 February: Madrid-Torrej&#243;n closes to civil traffic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>17 October: Lieutenant Fernando P&#233;rez Serrano is killed when his F-18 crashes on take-off.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">17 January 1966<\/div>\n<h3>Palomares: Torrej&#243;n&rsquo;s commander leads the response<\/h3>\n<p>Context rather than a base accident: neither aircraft came from Torrej&#243;n. A B-52G from Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina, collided with a KC-135 tanker from Mor&#243;n during refuelling off the Spanish coast; all four tanker crew and three of the seven bomber crew were killed, and four B28 thermonuclear bombs fell. The link to Torrej&#243;n is command: Major General Delmar E. Wilson, the US Air Force commander at the base, went straight to the scene with a disaster control team. The last bomb was lifted from the sea on 7 April 1966.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1966_Palomares_B-52_crash\">Wikipedia (finding aid), 1966 Palomares B-52 crash<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">4 May 1984<\/div>\n<h3>F-4 Phantom lost at Peralejos, two killed<\/h3>\n<p>An Ala 12 F-4 Phantom II crashed at Peralejos in the province of Teruel, killing both crew, Captains Jos&#233; Manuel Hern&#225;ndez Ferri and Gonzalo Gracia Ramos. The Spanish-language encyclopedia entry records the date, place and names and cites two El Pa&#237;s reports from the following days; those reports could not be opened this run, and no official finding on the cause was found. It is the only fatal Phantom accident of Ala 12 that this research could name.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_12\">Wikipedia (Spanish, finding aid), Ala 12, citing El Pa&#237;s, 5 and 6 May 1984<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">12 April 1985<\/div>\n<h3>The El Descanso bombing<\/h3>\n<p>At about 22:30 a bomb wrecked the El Descanso restaurant in Torrej&#243;n de Ardoz, frequented by servicemen from the American base. Eighteen people were killed, all Spanish, and 82 were injured; accounts put the Americans among the injured at between 11 and 15. ETA, GRAPO and several Middle Eastern groups claimed it. The case was closed in 1987 without arrests; the Interior Minister judged the Islamic Jihad Organization&rsquo;s claim the most credible. Later inquiries, including one by Judge Baltasar Garz&#243;n in 1992, produced no convictions.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Descanso_bombing\">Wikipedia (finding aid), El Descanso bombing<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 November 1991<\/div>\n<h3>Hornet lost at Bardenas Reales, commander killed<\/h3>\n<p>An Ala 12 F-18 crashed on the Bardenas Reales firing range in Navarra, and its pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Hurtado Pellejero, was killed, less than three years after the Hornet arrived at Torrej&#243;n. The encyclopedia entry cites a contemporary La Vanguardia report, which could not be opened this run; no official statement of the cause was found, so none is given here.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_12\">Wikipedia (Spanish, finding aid), Ala 12, citing La Vanguardia, 29 November 1991<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">2 April 2009<\/div>\n<h3>Hornet crashes at Bardenas, pilot ejects<\/h3>\n<p>A second Ala 12 F-18 was lost on the Bardenas Reales range in Navarra. The pilot ejected and survived. The only source found this run is the Spanish-language encyclopedia entry, which cites a 2017 regional newspaper round-up of Spanish Hornet losses; that article could not be opened, and no official finding on the cause of the 2009 accident was located. The date and the survival of the pilot are therefore reported with that caveat.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_12\">Wikipedia (Spanish, finding aid), Ala 12, citing La Nueva Espa&#241;a, 17 October 2017<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">17 October 2017<\/div>\n<h3>A spanner in the engine: the loss of Lieutenant P&#233;rez<\/h3>\n<p>Shortly after take-off from Torrej&#243;n an Ala 12 F-18 lost power and crashed; its pilot, Lieutenant Fernando P&#233;rez Serrano, 26, first of his promotion, did not eject and was killed. The military accident commission, CITAAM, found a steel tool inside the right engine, which had recently been serviced and had parts replaced, and described a chain of errors: unusual noises were noted at start-up, yet the flight went ahead although the rules required cancellation when a defect was detected. The press reports named no one as charged.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elespanol.com\/espana\/20190701\/olvidada-averiado-cadena-estrello-f-18-fernando-perez\/410459450_0.html\">El Espa&#241;ol, 1 July 2019, reporting the CITAAM findings<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">February 2020<\/div>\n<h3>An Ala 12 Hornet shepherds Air Canada 837<\/h3>\n<p>When Air Canada flight AC837 declared an emergency after leaving Madrid, an aircraft of Ala 12 took part in the response, according to the Spanish-language encyclopedia entry on the wing. It is an example of the peacetime work of the alert fighters, which can be sent up to look at a civil aircraft in trouble as well as to intercept one. The entry dates the event to February 2020; one version gives 4 February, while the El Mundo report it cites is dated 3 February. That report could not be opened this run, so the details of the airliner&rsquo;s emergency and landing are not given here.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_12\">Wikipedia (Spanish, finding aid), Ala 12, citing El Mundo, 3 February 2020<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Torrej&#243;n Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"getafe\">\n<td>Getafe Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LEGT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASA\/IPTN CN-235, Airbus C295<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"cuatro-vientos\">\n<td>Cuatro Vientos Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LECU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Torrej&#243;n Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Where is Torrej&#243;n Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It lies 24 km east of Madrid, beside the town of Torrej&#243;n de Ardoz, at an elevation of 618 m. The AIP lists it as a military aerodrome open 24 hours, with a 3,658 m runway, 04\/22.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft fly from Torrej&#243;n today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ala 12&rsquo;s EF-18M Hornets (C.15), in 121 and 122 Escuadr&#243;n. The base also hosts Ala 45&rsquo;s VIP and A330 transport and tanker aircraft and, according to Wikipedia, firefighting, electronic warfare and flight test units.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was Torrej&#243;n an American base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was a joint base. From 1957 the US Air Force used it under the 1953 Pact of Madrid, first for Strategic Air Command and from 1966 for the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing. The USAF handed its part to Spain on 21 May 1992; the official Spanish history dates the last US unit&rsquo;s departure to May 1993.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did the Americans leave?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 1986 NATO referendum was won on conditions that included reducing the US military presence, and the agreement of January 1988 required the 401st&rsquo;s F-16s to leave within three years. The squadrons were inactivated in 1991 and early 1992.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was Destacamento &#205;caro?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Spain&rsquo;s fighter detachment at Aviano in Italy from November 1994 to July 2002, built around Ala 12 and Ala 15. Its Hornets flew in NATO&rsquo;s Bosnian and Kosovo air campaigns of 1995 and 1999, and it received the collective Medalla A&#233;rea.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the EU Satellite Centre doing at Torrej&#243;n?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">SatCen analyses satellite and aerial imagery for the EU&rsquo;s foreign and security policy. It began as the Western European Union Satellite Centre in 1992&ndash;1993 and became an EU agency in 2002; it has about 160 staff.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is CAOC Torrej&#243;n?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">One of NATO&rsquo;s Combined Air Operations Centres under Allied Air Command, alongside Uedem in Germany. It directs NATO air policing over the airspace south of the Alps.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can civil aircraft use Torrej&#243;n?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not routinely. It served as Madrid&rsquo;s second airport from the mid-1990s until 1 February 2013. The AIP now allows civil aircraft only as a technical alternate for Madrid-Barajas under a letter of agreement.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Torrej&#243;n Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Ala 12 C.15 Hornets; military aerodrome, H24). The Spanish Air and Space Force operates it as Ala 12 and the other units of the Torrej&#243;n base; the AIP names the Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y del Espacio as operator.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Torrej&#243;n Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Torrej&#243;n Air Base is LETO. The airfield sits at 618 m above sea level in Community of Madrid, at 40.4967 N, 3.4458 W.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Torrej&#243;n Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Torrej&#243;n Air Base has one runway: 04\/22, 3,658 m (12,001 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Torrej&#243;n Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Torrej&#243;n Air Base currently hosts 121 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12) flying the EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M); 122 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12) flying the EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M); 43 Grupo flying the Canadair CL-215, Bombardier 415; Ala 45 (452 Escuadr&#243;n, formerly 45 Grupo) flying the Airbus A330-200 (T.24), Airbus A330 MRTT (TK.24); 47 Grupo Mixto flying the &mdash;; 54 Grupo (flight test) flying the &mdash;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Torrej&#243;n Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Torrej&#243;n Air Base has hosted 123 Escuadr&#243;n (Ala 12) (&mdash;) with the RF-4C Phantom II; Ala 12 and predecessors: early fighter types (1958&ndash;2002) with the F-86F Sabre, F-104G Starfighter, F-4C Phantom II; 401st Tactical Fighter Wing (USAF) (1966&ndash;1992) with the F-100D\/F Super Sabre, F-4C\/D Phantom II, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon, F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon; 98th Strategic Wing (USAF) (1966&ndash;1976) with the KC-135 Stratotanker; 497th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (USAF) (1958&ndash;1960) with the F-86 Sabre, F-102 Delta Dagger.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It lies 24 km east of Madrid, beside the town of Torrej\\u00f3n de Ardoz, at an elevation of 618 m. The AIP lists it as a military aerodrome open 24 hours, with a 3,658 m runway, 04\/22.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft fly from Torrej\\u00f3n today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ala 12\\u2019s EF-18M Hornets (C.15), in 121 and 122 Escuadr\\u00f3n. The base also hosts Ala 45\\u2019s VIP and A330 transport and tanker aircraft and, according to Wikipedia, firefighting, electronic warfare and flight test units.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was Torrej\\u00f3n an American base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was a joint base. From 1957 the US Air Force used it under the 1953 Pact of Madrid, first for Strategic Air Command and from 1966 for the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing. The USAF handed its part to Spain on 21 May 1992; the official Spanish history dates the last US unit\\u2019s departure to May 1993.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did the Americans leave?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 1986 NATO referendum was won on conditions that included reducing the US military presence, and the agreement of January 1988 required the 401st\\u2019s F-16s to leave within three years. The squadrons were inactivated in 1991 and early 1992.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was Destacamento \\u00cdcaro?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Spain\\u2019s fighter detachment at Aviano in Italy from November 1994 to July 2002, built around Ala 12 and Ala 15. Its Hornets flew in NATO\\u2019s Bosnian and Kosovo air campaigns of 1995 and 1999, and it received the collective Medalla A\\u00e9rea.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the EU Satellite Centre doing at Torrej\\u00f3n?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"SatCen analyses satellite and aerial imagery for the EU\\u2019s foreign and security policy. It began as the Western European Union Satellite Centre in 1992\\u20131993 and became an EU agency in 2002; it has about 160 staff.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is CAOC Torrej\\u00f3n?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"One of NATO\\u2019s Combined Air Operations Centres under Allied Air Command, alongside Uedem in Germany. It directs NATO air policing over the airspace south of the Alps.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can civil aircraft use Torrej\\u00f3n?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not routinely. It served as Madrid\\u2019s second airport from the mid-1990s until 1 February 2013. The AIP now allows civil aircraft only as a technical alternate for Madrid-Barajas under a letter of agreement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Ala 12 C.15 Hornets; military aerodrome, H24). The Spanish Air and Space Force operates it as Ala 12 and the other units of the Torrej\\u00f3n base; the AIP names the Ej\\u00e9rcito del Aire y del Espacio as operator.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base is LETO. The airfield sits at 618 m above sea level in Community of Madrid, at 40.4967 N, 3.4458 W.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base has one runway: 04\/22, 3,658 m (12,001 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base currently hosts 121 Escuadr\\u00f3n (Ala 12) flying the EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M); 122 Escuadr\\u00f3n (Ala 12) flying the EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M); 43 Grupo flying the Canadair CL-215, Bombardier 415; Ala 45 (452 Escuadr\\u00f3n, formerly 45 Grupo) flying the Airbus A330-200 (T.24), Airbus A330 MRTT (TK.24); 47 Grupo Mixto flying the \\u2014; 54 Grupo (flight test) flying the \\u2014.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Torrej\\u00f3n Air Base has hosted 123 Escuadr\\u00f3n (Ala 12) (\\u2014) with the RF-4C Phantom II; Ala 12 and predecessors: early fighter types (1958\\u20132002) with the F-86F Sabre, F-104G Starfighter, F-4C Phantom II; 401st Tactical Fighter Wing (USAF) (1966\\u20131992) with the F-100D\/F Super Sabre, F-4C\/D Phantom II, F-16A\/B Fighting Falcon, F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon; 98th Strategic Wing (USAF) (1966\\u20131976) with the KC-135 Stratotanker; 497th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (USAF) (1958\\u20131960) with the F-86 Sabre, F-102 Delta Dagger.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Torrej&#243;n Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Spanish Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Spanish Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-hornet\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the EF-18 Hornet (C.15 \/ C.15M) story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aeronavesmilitaresespanolas.com\/a330\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aeronaves Militares Espa&#241;olas (blog): A330<\/a><span>Blog by an enthusiast, secondary source only; figures not official. three ex-Iberia A330-200, MRTT conversions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aip.enaire.es\/AIP\/contenido_AIP\/AD\/AD2\/LETO\/LE_AD_2_LETO_en.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Espa&#241;a, AD 2 LETO Madrid\/Torrej&#243;n<\/a><span>ENAIRE AIP Espa&#241;a AD 2, cycle effective 3 September 2026 (AIRAC 08\/26); AD 2.2 reference point and elevation, AD 2.12 runways. Re-fetched 28 September 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es\/EA\/ejercitodelaire\/es\/organizacion\/unidades\/unidad\/Ala-12\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ej&#233;rcito del Aire y del Espacio, unit page: Ala 12<\/a><span>Official unit history: squadrons and call signs, aircraft from F-86F to C.15 Hornet, US presence at Torrej&#243;n until May 1993, Destacamento &#205;caro at Aviano 1994&ndash;2002.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:sxI0.d740\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w4-hero-torrejon.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px 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