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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Canada<\/div>\n<h1>Canadair<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Canadair Ltd. &middot; Canadair Limited<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Born in a wartime flying-boat plant in Montreal, Canadair built Sabres and Starfighters for NATO, gave Europe its word for a water bomber, nearly went bankrupt on the Challenger, and became Bombardier&rsquo;s core.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1944<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bombardier\/\">Bombardier<\/a> in 1986<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>16<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>26<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Canada<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1944<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Government of Canada, Benjamin W. Franklin<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Plant One, Cartierville Airport, Saint-Laurent, Montreal, Quebec<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Bombardier (since December 1986)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bombardier\/\">Bombardier<\/a> in 1986<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Canadair: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A wartime plant looking for an owner<\/h3>\n<p>In southern France, when a forest burns, people do not say a water bomber is on its way. They say <span class=\"imp\">the canadairs are coming<\/span>. The yellow-and-red amphibians skimming the Mediterranean to scoop up water have made a Montreal company&rsquo;s name into an everyday French noun. The company began as a problem. In wartime, Canadian Vickers ran a government-built plant at Cartierville Airport in Saint-Laurent, turning out Canso flying boats, the Canadian PBY. Building ships and aircraft at once was more than Vickers could fund, so in 1944 it asked Ottawa to take the plant off its hands. The government created a new company, Canadair, to run it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Merlins on a Douglas airliner<\/h3>\n<p>Its first president was Benjamin W. Franklin, at the head of a small group of former Canadian Vickers managers. The new firm finished the Canso contract and took on a bold conversion: the Douglas DC-4 airliner re-engined with four Rolls-Royce Merlins, the same engines as the Spitfire and the Lancaster. The result, the North Star, first flew on 15 July 1946 and was faster than the standard DC-4 &mdash; and, in service, <span class=\"imp\">reliable but famously noisy<\/span>. Seventy-one were built for the RCAF, Trans-Canada Air Lines and others. That September the American Electric Boat Company bought Canadair, and when Electric Boat became General Dynamics in 1952, Canadair went with it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Sabres for NATO<\/h3>\n<p>The Korean War made Canadair a fighter factory. It built the North American F-86 Sabre under licence, later fitted with the Canadian Orenda engine, and between 1950 and 1958 <span class=\"imp\">1,815 Canadair Sabres<\/span> rolled out of Cartierville. They equipped the RCAF in Europe, the RAF and the West German Luftwaffe, and Pakistan&rsquo;s Sidewinder-armed Mk 6s were still the backbone of its air force in the 1971 war with India. Then came 656 Nene-powered CT-133 Silver Star trainers, 200 CF-104 Starfighters for Canada plus 140 F-104Gs for allies, the CP-107 Argus maritime patroller and 240 CF-5 Freedom Fighters.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Tutor, the Yukon and the tilting wing<\/h3>\n<p>Canadair also designed its own aircraft. The CL-41 Tutor began as a private venture; Ottawa ordered 190 in 1961, and the Tutor trained RCAF pilots for decades and has flown with the Snowbirds display team, scheduled to keep flying until November 2026, <span class=\"imp\">66 years after its first flight<\/span>. The CL-44 freighter, developed from the Bristol Britannia, could swing its entire tail aside for loading &mdash; though the prototype could not at first be pushed out of the hangar because its fin was too tall for the doors. The CL-84 Dynavert tilted its whole wing and engines through 100 degrees to take off vertically; four were built, and two crashed without loss of life.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The plane that became a word<\/h3>\n<p>The CL-215 began as an idea for a floatplane transport and became something new when Quebec&rsquo;s forestry service asked for a better way to drop water on fires. It first flew on 23 October 1967, and Flight International noted it was the first aircraft designed to fight fires as its primary role. It scoops water while skimming a lake or the sea, so it can attack a fire again and again without returning to base. Canadair built 125, and from 1993 the turboprop CL-415 followed, <span class=\"imp\">95 in all<\/span>. The line passed to Viking Air in 2016 and lives on as the De Havilland Canada DHC-515.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Challenger gamble<\/h3>\n<p>The bet that nearly killed the company came from Bill Lear, creator of the Learjet, who drew a wide-cabin business jet called the LearStar 600. Canadair backed it at the end of 1975 and bought the whole project in April 1976, the year the federal government nationalised Canadair from General Dynamics. Renamed Challenger, it first flew on 8 November 1978. A test aircraft crashed on 3 April 1980, deliveries ran three years late, and by mid-1982 only 54 had been sold against 150 planned. Canadair wrote off <span class=\"imp\">C$1.1 billion of development costs<\/span>, which the Cato Institute&rsquo;s Regulation magazine called the largest corporate write-off in Canadian history.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Bombardier&rsquo;s foundation stone<\/h3>\n<p>In December 1986 the Mulroney government sold Canadair to Bombardier, the Quebec snowmobile-and-railway group, for C$120 million. It proved one of the great bargains in aviation. Bombardier returned Canadair to profit and used it as the base for buying Short Brothers, Learjet and de Havilland Canada. The Challenger it had nearly gone broke over was stretched into the CRJ regional jet, which first flew in 1991, and by 2018 more than 1,000 Challenger 600-series jets had been built. The Canadair name has since faded from Bombardier&rsquo;s branding, but <span class=\"imp\">Plant One still stands<\/span> in Saint-Laurent, though Cartierville Airport itself has been redeveloped.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">one of the very few entirely new large marine aircraft to be put in hand for some 20 years<cite>Flight International &middot; aviation magazine, on the CL-215, 22 February 1968<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Canadair in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1944<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Created by the Government of Canada in 1944 to run the former Canadian Vickers plant at Cartierville, Montreal<\/li>\n<li>Owned by Electric Boat from 1946, then General Dynamics from 1952<\/li>\n<li>Nationalised as a federal Crown corporation in 1976<\/li>\n<li>Sold to Bombardier for C$120 million in December 1986<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Sabre and CL-215<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Famous types: Sabre, CF-104 Starfighter, CT-114 Tutor, CL-215 and CL-415, Challenger<\/li>\n<li>More than 4,000 aircraft produced, most of them military<\/li>\n<li>1,815 Sabres built 1950&ndash;1958<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Part of Bombardier<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Challenger business jets still built by Bombardier<\/li>\n<li>Amphibian line passed to Viking Air in 2016, now De Havilland Canada&rsquo;s DHC-515<\/li>\n<li>Snowbirds Tutors scheduled to retire in November 2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">In France and much of southern Europe, canadair is the everyday word for a water bomber.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft produced<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 4,000, mostly military<\/dd>\n<dt>Sabres built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,815<span class=\"gnote\">1950&ndash;1958<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Starfighters built<\/dt>\n<dd>200 CF-104 and 140 F-104G<\/dd>\n<dt>Peak workforce<\/dt>\n<dd>6,000, during the Challenger programme<\/dd>\n<dt>Challenger development costs written off<\/dt>\n<dd>C$1.1 billion<\/dd>\n<dt>Ceiling on government-guaranteed loans<\/dt>\n<dd>C$1.35 billion<\/dd>\n<dt>Sale price to Bombardier<\/dt>\n<dd>C$120 million<span class=\"gnote\">1986<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Challenger 600-series jets built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,066<span class=\"gnote\">October 2018<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Water bombers built<\/dt>\n<dd>125 CL-215 and 95 CL-415<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Canadair aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair Sabre<\/b><em>Jet fighter (licence-built F-86) &middot; first flight 1950 &middot; 1,815 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CT-133 Silver Star<\/b><em>Jet trainer (licence-built T-33) &middot; first flight 1952 &middot; 656 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CP-107 Argus<\/b><em>Maritime patrol aircraft &middot; first flight 1957 &middot; 33 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan<\/b><em>VIP and military transport &middot; first flight 1959 &middot; 13 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CF-104 Starfighter<\/b><em>Strike and reconnaissance fighter &middot; first flight 1961 &middot; 340 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CL-84 Dynavert<\/b><em>Experimental tiltwing V\/STOL aircraft &middot; first flight 1965 &middot; 4 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CL-215<\/b><em>Amphibious water bomber &middot; first flight 1967 &middot; 125 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CL-415<\/b><em>Amphibious water bomber &middot; first flight 1993 &middot; 95 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: USAF &#183; Public domain; U.S. Navy &#183; Public domain; Andrew Thomas from Shrewsbury, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0); Aeroprints.com \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); Kurgus &#183; CC BY-SA 3.0; Thesaaa \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0)<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Consolidated Canso (PBY, licence-built)<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>282<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Total for the Cartierville plant, including production under Canadian Vickers management before Canadair took over<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair North Star (DC-4M)<\/td>\n<td>Airliner and military transport<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas DC-4 re-engined with Rolls-Royce Merlins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">Canadair Sabre<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter (licence-built F-86)<\/td>\n<td>1950<\/td>\n<td>1,815<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Later marks used the Avro Canada Orenda engine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer (licence-built T-33)<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td>656<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Rolls-Royce Nene engine; RCAF service until 2005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CP-107 Argus<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1957<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>In service 1958&ndash;1982<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CL-44 \/ CC-106 Yukon<\/td>\n<td>Transport and swing-tail freighter<\/td>\n<td>1959<\/td>\n<td>39<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Developed from the Bristol Britannia; CL-44D swung its whole tail aside for loading<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan<\/td>\n<td>VIP and military transport<\/td>\n<td>1959<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Turboprop development of the Convair 440; retired 1994<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CT-114 Tutor (CL-41)<\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer and display aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1960<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Snowbirds aircraft scheduled to fly until November 2026; CL-41G version served Malaysia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Canadair CF-104 Starfighter<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Strike and reconnaissance fighter<\/td>\n<td>1961<\/td>\n<td>340<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>200 CF-104 for Canada and 140 F-104G for allies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CL-89<\/td>\n<td>Surveillance drone<\/td>\n<td>1964<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flown by the British, West German, French and Italian armies; known as Midge in UK service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CL-84 Dynavert<\/td>\n<td>Experimental tiltwing V\/STOL aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1965<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Two crashed, without fatalities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CL-215<\/td>\n<td>Amphibious water bomber<\/td>\n<td>1967<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First aircraft designed from the outset as a water bomber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CF-5 (CF-116)<\/td>\n<td>Light fighter (licence-built F-5)<\/td>\n<td>1968<\/td>\n<td>240<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Left Canadian service in 1995<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair Challenger 600 series<\/td>\n<td>Business jet<\/td>\n<td>1978<\/td>\n<td>1,066 by October 2018<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Developed from Bill Lear&rsquo;s LearStar 600; production continued under Bombardier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bombardier CRJ100\/200<\/td>\n<td>Regional jet<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>1,021<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Canadair Regional Jet, developed from the Challenger after the Bombardier takeover<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canadair CL-415<\/td>\n<td>Amphibious water bomber<\/td>\n<td>1993<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Turboprop successor to the CL-215, built under Bombardier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Canadair aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">26 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Canadair types. <span class=\"imp\">9 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-state-aviation\/\">Canadian State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star (T-33)<\/a>, Canadair CL-415, Canadair CL-215 and CL-215T, Canadair CL-215T, Canadair CL-215 and CL-415<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-arm-command-botswana\/\">Air Arm Command (Botswana)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Canadair CF-5A and CF-5D (CF-116, local BF-5)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/croatian-air-force\/\">Croatian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-415<\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-state-aviation\/\">French State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-415<\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/hellenic-air-force\/\">Hellenic Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-415 and CL-215<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">North American \/ Canadair F-86E and F-86D Sabre<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-state-aviation\/\">Italian State Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-415<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CT-114 Tutor<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre (CL-13 Mk 2 to Mk 6)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CF-104 Starfighter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CF-116 Freedom Fighter (CF-5)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star<\/a>, Canadair CP-107 Argus, Canadair C-54GM North Star and 3 more<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-air-and-space-force\/\">Spanish Air and Space Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-215 \/ Bombardier CL-415<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/turkish-air-force\/\">Turkish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Canadair \/ Northrop NF-5A\/B 2000<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk 2 (F-86E(M))<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bangladesh-air-force\/\">Bangladesh Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivarian-military-aviation-of-venezuela\/\">Bolivarian Military Aviation of Venezuela<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CF-5A\/D (VF-5) and ex-Dutch NF-5A\/B<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivian-air-force\/\">Bolivian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed \/ Canadair T-33 (T-33AN, T-33SF, AT-33)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-naval-and-army-aviation\/\">Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair T-33 Silver Star, army co-operation<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/colombian-aerospace-force\/\">Colombian Aerospace Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/czech-air-force\/\">Czech Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-601 Challenger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CL-13B Sabre Mk.5 and Mk.6<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/honduran-air-force\/\">Honduran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk 4<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\">Italian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk 4 (F-86E)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-air-force\/\">Pakistan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">North American F-86F Sabre and Canadair Sabre Mk 6<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre F4<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-malaysian-air-force\/\">Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-41G-5 Tebuan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair NF-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-norwegian-air-force\/\">Royal Norwegian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed F-104G \/ TF-104G and Canadair CF-104 \/ CF-104D Starfighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-thai-naval-air-division\/\">Royal Thai Naval Air Division<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Canadair CL-215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/serbian-air-force-and-air-defence\/\">Serbian Air Force and Air Defence<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">North American F-86E and Canadair CL-13 Sabre<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair Sabre Mk 6<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Canadair built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Plant One<\/b> &middot; Cartierville Airport, Saint-Laurent, Montreal &mdash; Government-built wartime Canso plant; the building survives though the airport has been redeveloped<\/li>\n<li><b>Dorval<\/b> &middot; Montreal-Dorval (now Trudeau) Airport, Quebec &mdash; Production location; later final assembly of Challenger jets<\/li>\n<li><b>Mirabel<\/b> &middot; Mirabel Airport, Quebec &mdash; Production location<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Benjamin W. Franklin<\/b> &middot; first president, 1944 &mdash; Led the group of former Canadian Vickers managers who formed Canadair<\/li>\n<li><b>Bill Lear<\/b> &middot; Learjet founder &mdash; Conceived the LearStar 600 that Canadair bought in 1976 and turned into the Challenger<\/li>\n<li><b>Brian Mulroney<\/b> &middot; Prime Minister of Canada &mdash; His government privatised Canadair by selling it to Bombardier in 1986<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CL-215: first aircraft designed from the outset as a water bomber, per Flight International (c11)<\/li>\n<li>CL-44D: first production aircraft able to swing its entire rear fuselage aside for loading (c1)<\/li>\n<li>CL-89 and CL-289: among the first surveillance drones to enter service with several armed forces (c1)<\/li>\n<li>Tutor: flown by the Snowbirds and predecessors since 1967, with retirement scheduled for November 2026 (c10)<\/li>\n<li>Challenger write-off of C$1.1 billion, described in 1984 as the largest corporate write-off in Canadian history (c6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Canadair, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Government of Canada creates Canadair to take over the Canadian Vickers plant at Cartierville<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the Merlin-engined North Star<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>Electric Boat Company buys Canadair<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>First Canadair Sabre flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Electric Boat becomes General Dynamics; Canadair a subsidiary<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>CP-107 Argus first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>CL-44 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>CL-41 Tutor first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>First Canadair CF-104 Starfighter flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>CL-84 tiltwing first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<p>CL-215 water bomber first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>Federal government buys Canadair from General Dynamics; Canadair acquires the LearStar 600 project in April<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>Challenger 600 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>Fatal crash of a Challenger test aircraft; type certificate granted 10 August 1980<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1986<\/div>\n<p>Sold to Bombardier for C$120 million<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>Canadair Regional Jet first flight under Bombardier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>Amphibian programme sold to Viking Air<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Canadair<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/canadian-vickers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Canadian Vickers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Canadair took over the Cartierville aircraft plant and its staff in November 1944<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Canadian Vickers page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bombardier\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bombardier<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Bought Canadair in December 1986; it became the core of Bombardier Aerospace<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bombardier page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/viking-air\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Viking Air<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Acquired the CL-215\/CL-415 amphibian programme from Bombardier in 2016<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Viking Air page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland-canada\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland Canada<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Absorbed Viking Air in 2022 and relaunched the water bomber as the DHC-515<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland Canada page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Canadair<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Why are water bombers called canadairs?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because the CL-215 and CL-415 amphibians built by Canadair became the standard firefighting aircraft in France and southern Europe, the company name turned into a common noun for any water-scooping fire bomber.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Canadair still exist?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not as a separate company. Bombardier bought it in December 1986 and absorbed it into Bombardier Aerospace; the Canadair name has since been dropped from its branding.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who owned Canadair?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Canadian government created it in 1944. Electric Boat bought it in 1946, General Dynamics owned it from 1952, Ottawa nationalised it in 1976, and Bombardier bought it in 1986.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Sabres did Canadair build?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">1,815, between 1950 and 1958, for the RCAF, the RAF, West Germany and other air forces.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Canadair design the Challenger business jet?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It grew from Bill Lear&rsquo;s LearStar 600 concept, which Canadair bought in 1976 and redesigned. Its cost nearly bankrupted Canadair, but more than 1,000 have been built.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Canadair water bombers?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Canadair built 125 CL-215s and Bombardier 95 CL-415s. Viking Air bought the programme in 2016, and De Havilland Canada now offers the updated DHC-515.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why are water bombers called canadairs?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the CL-215 and CL-415 amphibians built by Canadair became the standard firefighting aircraft in France and southern Europe, the company name turned into a common noun for any water-scooping fire bomber.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Canadair still exist?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not as a separate company. Bombardier bought it in December 1986 and absorbed it into Bombardier Aerospace; the Canadair name has since been dropped from its branding.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owned Canadair?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Canadian government created it in 1944. Electric Boat bought it in 1946, General Dynamics owned it from 1952, Ottawa nationalised it in 1976, and Bombardier bought it in 1986.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Sabres did Canadair build?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"1,815, between 1950 and 1958, for the RCAF, the RAF, West Germany and other air forces.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Canadair design the Challenger business jet?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It grew from Bill Lear\\u2019s LearStar 600 concept, which Canadair bought in 1976 and redesigned. Its cost nearly bankrupted Canadair, but more than 1,000 have been built.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Canadair water bombers?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Canadair built 125 CL-215s and Bombardier 95 CL-415s. Viking Air bought the programme in 2016, and De Havilland Canada now offers the updated DHC-515.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Canadair<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland-canada\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Canada<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland Canada<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Founded to assemble British Moths for Canadian trainees, de Havilland Canada asked bush pilots what they wanted and built the Beaver, the Otter and the Twin Otter, the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland Canada page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bombardier\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Canada<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bombardier<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Quebec mechanic who lost his son in a blizzard built a snow machine; his company rescued bankrupt planemakers, nearly sank on a jet it sold to Airbus, and became the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bombardier page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair (Wikipedia, French)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Vickers\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Vickers (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadair-ltd\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair Ltd (The Canadian Encyclopedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/navalmarinearchive.com\/research\/docs\/canadair.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair &ndash; corporation and business (Naval Marine Archive)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cato.org\/sites\/cato.org\/files\/serials\/files\/regulation\/1984\/12\/v8n5-2.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Heavy Landing for Canadair: A Tale of Industrial Policy (Regulation, Cato Institute, 1984)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_North_Star\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair North Star (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_Sabre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair Sabre (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CF-104_Starfighter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CF-104 Starfighter (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CT-114_Tutor\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CT-114 Tutor (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-215\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CL-215 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-415\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CL-415 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-44\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CL-44 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-84_Dynavert\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CL-84 Dynavert (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CP-107_Argus\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CP-107 Argus (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-89\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CL-89 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bombardier Challenger 600 series (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CF-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CF-5 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CC-109_Cosmopolitan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CC-109 Cosmopolitan (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CT-133_Silver_Star\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadair CT-133 Silver Star (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardier_CRJ100\/200\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bombardier CRJ100\/200 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr-canadair-cl-415.jpg)!important}#mfam 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