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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption 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.satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Wittmundhafen Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Fliegerhorst Wittmundhafen<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Eurofighter; northern quick reaction alert)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>ETNT<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,440 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1940<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Emerson Nu&#241;ez \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>German Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Bundesland<\/b>Niedersachsen<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>8 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>53.5478 N, 7.6673 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Wittmundhafen lies in East Frisia between Wittmund and Aurich, eight metres above sea level and a dozen kilometres from the North Sea. It began as an airship station: ground was broken south of Wittmund in 1911, the naval Zeppelin LZ 90 made the first landing there on 7 November 1916 and was wrecked in a storm the following night, and the Kaiserliche Marine took the place over in 1917. On 23 June 1919, the day the interned High Seas Fleet was scuttled at Scapa Flow, the crews destroyed the two airships still in the sheds. One survivor, L 61, was patched up over nearly two years and flown away to Italy as reparations, with two stowaway mechanics aboard on its last test flight.<\/p>\n<p>The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich rebuilt the site as a fighter and bomber field from 1938, finishing at the end of 1940 with three 1,200-metre runways. Heinkel He 111 bombers flew from it until 1943, Messerschmitt Bf 110 night fighters after that, and II.\/Kampfgeschwader 54 staged through it for Operation Steinbock early in 1944. On 26 April 1944 the 1st Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed there and took its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet rocket fighters in June, before moving to Brandis on 25 July. Flying stopped under bombing in March 1945.<\/p>\n<p>The Royal Air Force began rebuilding in 1950 and the Bundeswehr took over. Jagdgeschwader 71, stood up at Ahlhorn on 6 June 1959 as the new Luftwaffe&rsquo;s first operational fighter wing with about fifty Canadair Sabres, moved to Wittmundhafen on 29 April 1963 and has been there ever since. On 21 April 1961, the forty-third anniversary of Manfred von Richthofen&rsquo;s death, Federal President Heinrich L&#252;bke granted the wing the honour name &quot;Richthofen&quot; and the stylised red R, with a NATO star added. The von Richthofen family gave the wing Manfred&rsquo;s original gravestone from the Invalidenfriedhof on 12 March 1975, after his remains were moved; it is still at Wittmund.<\/p>\n<p>The flying history runs in a straight line: Sabres from 1959, the first F-104G Starfighters of any Bundeswehr fighter wing on 9 April 1963, F-4F Phantoms from March 1974 for thirty-nine years and 250,000 hours, and the Eurofighter Typhoon since April 2013. The wing was reduced to a Taktische Luftwaffengruppe under the Boelcke wing on 1 October 2013 and restored to full wing status on 1 July 2016. Since 2022 the whole airfield has been a building site: the nineteen Eurofighters left for Laage on 6 January 2022, the first four came home on 17 July 2025, and full flying is expected back in the last quarter of 2026. The planned investment for 2020 to 2031 stands at about 774 million euros.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wittmundhafen Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,440 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wittmundhafen Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=7.62164,53.53523,7.71302,53.56043\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=7.62438,53.53082,7.71028,53.56484\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=7.64612,53.53523,7.68854,53.56043\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Durch diesen missverst&#228;ndlichen Titel wird eine direkte Verbindung des Taktischen Luftwaffengeschwader 71 Richthofen zu den ehemaligen Richthofen-Geschwadern der Kaiserzeit sowie des Dritten Reiches hergestellt und damit eine ungebrochene Traditionslinie unserer Luftwaffe zur Wehrmacht impliziert.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe<\/b><span>in a letter to the wing&rsquo;s deputy commodore about the motto of the 2017 Richthofentreffen at Wittmund &mdash; the title, he wrote, drew a direct connection to the former Richthofen wings of the imperial era and the Third Reich and thereby implied an unbroken line of tradition from the Luftwaffe to the Wehrmacht<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2017\/07\/bundeswehr-und-tradition-zum-beispiel-richthofen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Augen geradeaus!, 3 July 2017<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>F&#252;r die Streitkr&#228;fte eines demokratischen Rechtsstaates ist die Wehrmacht als Institution nicht traditionsw&#252;rdig.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Ursula von der Leyen<\/b><span>German Defence Minister, in the Traditionserlass &quot;Die Tradition der Bundeswehr&quot; of 28 March 2018, paragraph 3.4.1 &mdash; for the armed forces of a democratic state under the rule of law, the Wehrmacht as an institution is not worthy of tradition<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/resource\/blob\/23234\/6a93123be919584d48e16c45a5d52c10\/20180328-die-tradition-der-bundeswehr-data.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BMVg, Die Tradition der Bundeswehr, 28 March 2018<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>ETNT<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Bundesland<\/dt>\n<dd>Niedersachsen<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>53.5478 N, 7.6673 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>8 m <span class=\"imp\">(26 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>07\/25<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,440 m <span class=\"imp\">(8,005 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Cavern hangars<\/dt>\n<dd>No<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Northern QRA; held at Laage from January 2022 during the rebuild and returned on 13 July 2026<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Eurofighter; northern quick reaction alert<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>German Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1940<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Wittmundhafen Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<small>Richthofen &middot; Tactical air force wing &middot; regular &middot; from 2016<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 71<small>Flying group &middot; regular &middot; from 2016<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 71<small>Technical group &middot; regular &middot; from 2016<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Top Aces German detachment<small>Contracted adversary air training &middot; contract &middot; from 2015<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a>, Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Wittmundhafen is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The Richthofen name<\/h3>\n<p>Wittmundhafen is home to the only Luftwaffe wing carrying the name of the most famous German pilot of the First World War, and the wing keeps his gravestone.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The honour name was granted by Federal President Heinrich L&#252;bke on 21 April 1961, the forty-third anniversary of Richthofen&rsquo;s death; his original Invalidenfriedhof gravestone was given to the wing by his family on 12 March 1975.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Northern quick reaction alert<\/h3>\n<p>One of the two German alert pairs sits here, covering the northern half of the country and the North Sea approaches around the clock.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Germany keeps exactly two alert pairs, two armed Eurofighters each, north and south. Wittmund&rsquo;s pair stood alert from Laage between January 2022 and 13 July 2026, when it returned to Wittmundhafen.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The Luftwaffe&rsquo;s first jet fighter wing<\/h3>\n<p>Everything the post-war German fighter force did, this wing did first &mdash; including taking the Starfighter, which is not a distinction anybody would have wanted in hindsight.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Jagdgeschwader 71 was commissioned on 6 June 1959 with about 50 Canadair Sabres, and on 9 April 1963 it became the first Bundeswehr fighter wing to receive the F-104G Starfighter.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>Thirty-nine years of Phantom<\/h3>\n<p>The F-4F Phantom II served longer at Wittmund than any other German fighter anywhere, and its retirement drew a crowd nobody expected.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The wing flew the Phantom from March 1974 to June 2013 and passed 250,000 F-4 flying hours on 30 May 2007; roughly 100,000 people came to the &quot;Phantom Pharewell&quot; from 28 to 30 June 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>A rocket fighter station in 1944<\/h3>\n<p>For three months in 1944 Wittmundhafen was one of the handful of airfields in the world flying a rocket-powered interceptor.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed at Wittmundhafen on 26 April 1944, received its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet in June and moved to Brandis on 25 July.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Civil Skyhawks flying the enemy<\/h3>\n<p>The aggressors that German fighter crews fight at Wittmund are not Luftwaffe aircraft at all. They are civil-registered jets flown under contract.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Top Aces has flown A-4N Skyhawks from Wittmund since early 2015 and Alpha Jets since 2020; on 19 January 2026 Germany awarded the company a ten-year contract worth up to 420 million euros running to 2035.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>Airships first: 1911 to 1920<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Wittmundhafen was not built for aeroplanes. Work began south of Wittmund in 1911 on a naval airship station, one of a chain along the German North Sea coast serving the Kaiserliche Marine&rsquo;s Zeppelin scouting force. LZ 90 made the first landing there on 7 November 1916 and was lost to a storm the very next night, which is about as bad a start as an airfield can have. Three more airships moved in during April 1917, and the navy formally took the site over that year, changing the spelling to Wittmundhaven.<\/p>\n<p>The end came on 23 June 1919. On the day the interned High Seas Fleet opened its seacocks at Scapa Flow, airship crews across the German stations wrecked their own craft in the sheds rather than hand them over. At Wittmundhafen the two remaining naval airships were destroyed by their own people. It is a small, characteristic detail of that summer: the aircraft were broken by the men who flew them, on the same afternoon the fleet went down.<\/p>\n<p>One did survive. L 61 was kept in preservation and repaired at Wittmundhafen over nearly two years, to be delivered to Italy as war reparations. On its final test flight, according to an account by the airship mechanic Emil Kraft, he and a colleague stowed away without permission for a thirteen-hour run up to 3,000 metres over Emden, Borkum, the Frisian islands, Bremerhaven, Hamburg and the Baltic before returning to Wittmundhafen. Kraft wrote of being shaken by invisible giant fists as the weather closed in. He was not punished.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The Komet summer<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich rebuilt the airfield from 1938 and finished at the end of 1940 with three runways of 1,200 metres. Heinkel He 111 bombers used it until 1943, Messerschmitt Bf 110 night fighters were based there for the defence of the Reich, and early in 1944 II.\/Kampfgeschwader 54 staged through for Operation Steinbock, the last German bomber offensive against Britain.<\/p>\n<p>The strange part of the record is what came next. On 26 April 1944 the 1st Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed at Wittmundhafen and in June it received its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet, the rocket-powered point-defence interceptor that climbed at extraordinary rates, flew for about seven and a half minutes of powered endurance and then glided back. The Staffel moved to Brandis near Leipzig on 25 July 1944, where the type saw what little combat it ever saw. For three months East Frisia hosted one of the very few rocket fighter units in history.<\/p>\n<p>Flying at Wittmundhafen stopped in March 1945 under Allied bombing, and the Royal Air Force began rebuilding the site in 1950. When the Bundeswehr arrived a decade later it inherited a field whose bones were wartime and whose surfaces were British.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Richthofen: the honour name and the argument it never settled<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>On 21 April 1961, the forty-third anniversary of Manfred von Richthofen&rsquo;s death, Federal President Heinrich L&#252;bke granted Jagdgeschwader 71 the honour name &quot;Richthofen&quot;. It was the first German operational flying unit named after a famous aviator, and it took the stylised red R of the Wehrmacht&rsquo;s Jagdgeschwader 2 &quot;Richthofen&quot;, adding a NATO star. That second half of the sentence is where the trouble lives: the emblem the modern wing wears is inherited not from Richthofen&rsquo;s own Jagdgeschwader 1 of 1917 but from a Luftwaffe wing of the Second World War that carried his name.<\/p>\n<p>The rules changed around it. The Traditionserlass of 20 September 1982, issued by Hans Apel, stated that the &quot;Drittes Reich&quot; as an unjust regime could found no tradition, but described the military under National Socialism as partly culpably entangled and partly blamelessly misused, and avoided ruling on the Wehrmacht as an institution. The decree of 28 March 2018, issued by Ursula von der Leyen after the Franco A. affair and the barracks-name reviews, was blunt: for the armed forces of a democratic state under the rule of law, the Wehrmacht as an institution is not worthy of tradition. Individuals may still be taken up, but only after a careful case-by-case examination.<\/p>\n<p>Richthofen himself is not the difficulty. He died on 21 April 1918, fifteen years before the National Socialists took power, and the Royal Air Force buried him with military honours. The difficulty is the chain of units, and the wing walked straight into it in 2017. The deputy commodore, Oberstleutnant Gero Finke, put the annual Richthofentreffen at Wittmund under the motto &quot;100 Jahre vom Jagdgeschwader 1 zum Taktischen Luftwaffengeschwader 71 Richthofen&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>The Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe wrote to him. The letter, reported on 3 July 2017, said the misleading title drew a direct line from the modern wing to the former Richthofen wings of the imperial era and of the Third Reich, and thereby implied an unbroken line of tradition from the Luftwaffe to the Wehrmacht. The general demanded an unambiguous clarification at the event itself and left no doubt about the air force&rsquo;s critical engagement with its history. That is a striking document: a serving German general ordering one of his own wings to stop claiming a hundred years of lineage.<\/p>\n<p>It is worth saying plainly, because German base pages often do not. The Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe was founded in 1956 and is deliberately not a continuation of the Wehrmacht&rsquo;s. The name over the gate at Wittmund is a considered exception, not an oversight, and the Luftwaffe has been forced to defend it in writing at least once. The argument is not closed, and a page that presents the red R as uncomplicated heritage is not telling the truth about it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Sabre, Starfighter, Phantom, Typhoon<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Jagdgeschwader 71 was commissioned at Ahlhorn on 6 June 1959 by the Inspekteur der Luftwaffe, Josef Kammhuber, with about fifty Canadair Sabres; the first two had been flown in on 26 February that year by Erich Hartmann, the wing&rsquo;s first commodore and the highest-scoring fighter pilot in history, and Oberstleutnant Peters. The wing was assigned to NATO on 1 June 1960 and moved to Wittmundhafen on 29 April 1963.<\/p>\n<p>It was also first in line for the Starfighter, taking the F-104G on 9 April 1963 ahead of every other Bundeswehr fighter wing. Nobody at the time understood what that would cost the Luftwaffe as a whole, and the wing flew the type for eleven years; Hauptmann Harry Giese made the last Starfighter flight out to Erding on 19 September 1974.<\/p>\n<p>The Phantom era was the long one. The first two F-4F arrived on 31 August 1973 for technical training, the first operational aircraft followed on 7 March 1974, and the type stayed until the middle of 2013 &mdash; thirty-nine years, and 250,000 F-4 flying hours reached on 30 May 2007. In 1988 the wing gave up its secondary fighter-bomber assignment; from 22 July 1993 it took the upgraded F-4F ICE with the AN\/APG-65 radar and AMRAAM, which is what kept the aircraft credible into the 2000s. In 2007, for the second year running, it was the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s most active fighter wing, flying over 7,600 hours.<\/p>\n<p>The first Eurofighters landed on 8 April 2013 and took over the alert on 1 July. The wing has flown without an accident since 1999, which for a single-seat fighter unit over more than a quarter of a century is a genuinely unusual record and rather more of an achievement than anything painted on the fin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>The rebuild: three and a half years without a single sortie<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Almost everything at Wittmundhafen dated from the 1960s, and the Eurofighter needs different infrastructure from a Phantom. The answer was to close the airfield and rebuild it. The first jets left for Rostock-Laage on 6 January 2022 and the move of all nineteen Eurofighters, with roughly 240 military and civilian staff rotating between the two bases every fortnight, finished by the end of that month. Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot; at Laage hosted them, and the northern alert pair stood duty from there.<\/p>\n<p>The programme is one of the largest military construction jobs in Germany. The Nieders&#228;chsisches Landesamt f&#252;r Bau und Liegenschaften lists about 351 million euros across the major measures alone: roughly 155 million for the runway with its drainage, lighting and taxiway connections, 68 million for an aircraft maintenance hall, 60 million for the shelter loops, 33 million for a four-pack aircraft shelter, 27 million for a noise-suppression hall, and four million each for a guard building and a weapons store. The full planned investment for the period 2020 to 2031 is given as about 774 million euros.<\/p>\n<p>The schedule slipped, as it does. The original plan had the aircraft back in 2024. The first four Eurofighters flew in on 17 July 2025, by which time the runway, the maintenance hall, the noise-suppression hall and the main access road were finished. Full flying operations are expected in the fourth quarter of 2026, and construction runs well into the 2030s. Oberst Bj&#246;rn Andersen, the commodore since 27 February 2023, has commanded a wing that spent most of his tenure flying from somebody else&rsquo;s airfield.<\/p>\n<p>There is one piece of Wittmund that never moved. The adversary aircraft are not Luftwaffe machines: the Canadian company Top Aces flies civil-registered Douglas A-4N Skyhawks there, since early 2015, and Alpha Jets since 2020, providing dissimilar air combat training and target facilities. BAE Systems held the work before them with F-100F Super Sabres from 1991 to 2002. On 19 January 2026 Germany awarded Top Aces a ten-year contract worth up to 420 million euros, running to 2035, covering the air force, army and navy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1911<\/div>\n<p>Construction begins south of Wittmund on a naval airship station.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>7 November: the naval Zeppelin LZ 90 makes the first landing at Wittmundhafen and is wrecked in a storm the following night.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>23 June: on the day the High Seas Fleet is scuttled at Scapa Flow, the crews destroy the two remaining airships in the sheds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich finishes rebuilding the site as an airfield with three 1,200-metre runways; He 111 bombers fly from it until 1943.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>26 April: 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 is formed at Wittmundhafen, receives its first Me 163 Komet rocket fighters in June and moves to Brandis on 25 July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>6 June: Jagdgeschwader 71 is commissioned at Ahlhorn, the new Luftwaffe&rsquo;s first operational fighter wing, with about 50 Canadair Sabres under Erich Hartmann.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>21 April: Federal President Heinrich L&#252;bke grants the wing the honour name &quot;Richthofen&quot; on the forty-third anniversary of Manfred von Richthofen&rsquo;s death.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>9 April: the wing becomes the first Bundeswehr fighter wing to receive the F-104G Starfighter; on 29 April it moves from Ahlhorn to Wittmundhafen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>7 March: the first operational F-4F Phantom II is assigned. The last Starfighter leaves on 19 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>12 March: the von Richthofen family presents the wing with Manfred von Richthofen&rsquo;s original gravestone from the Invalidenfriedhof in Berlin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1987<\/div>\n<p>26 May: two F-4F of the alert pair intercept a Soviet Tupolev Tu-22 approaching on the Wittmund&ndash;Jever line.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p>30 May: the wing reaches 250,000 flying hours on the F-4 Phantom II; that year it is the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s most active fighter wing for the second year running, at over 7,600 hours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>8 April: the first Eurofighters land. 28&ndash;30 June: the &quot;Phantom Pharewell&quot; draws around 100,000 people. 1 October: the wing is downgraded to a Taktische Luftwaffengruppe under the Boelcke wing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>Top Aces brings civil-registered A-4N Skyhawks to Wittmund for adversary training; Alpha Jets follow in 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>1 July: full wing status is restored as Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>3 July: the Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe rebukes the wing in writing over an anniversary motto implying an unbroken line of tradition to the Wehrmacht.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>6 January: the first of nineteen Eurofighters leave for Rostock-Laage; the move is complete by the end of the month and the airfield closes for reconstruction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>17 July: the first four Eurofighters return to Wittmundhafen after three and a half years away.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"video\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">On film<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen on film<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\">\n<div class=\"vidfr\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/Ns6CjJdAkCw\" title=\"Eurofighter nach drei Jahren zur&#252;ck auf dem Fliegerhorst Wittmund\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"vidcap\"><b>Eurofighter nach drei Jahren zur&#252;ck auf dem Fliegerhorst Wittmund<\/b> SAT.1 REGIONAL, via YouTube.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">7&ndash;8 November 1916<\/div>\n<h3>One night for LZ 90<\/h3>\n<p>The army airship LZ 90 made the first landing at the new station at Wittmundhafen on 7 November 1916 and was destroyed by a storm the following night. It set a pattern: the coastal airship sheds were exposed, the craft were fragile on the ground, and weather cost the German navy more Zeppelins than the Royal Flying Corps did. Three further airships arrived in April 1917 and the Kaiserliche Marine formally took the station over that year.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fliegerhorst_Wittmundhafen\">Wikipedia (de): Fliegerhorst Wittmundhafen<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">23 June 1919<\/div>\n<h3>The airships go down with the fleet<\/h3>\n<p>On the day the interned German High Seas Fleet was scuttled at Scapa Flow, airship crews at the North Sea stations wrecked their own craft rather than surrender them under the Versailles terms. At Wittmundhafen the two remaining naval airships were destroyed by their own personnel. One machine escaped the demolition: L 61 was preserved and repaired at Wittmundhafen over nearly two years and handed to Italy as reparations, flying out after a final test flight in 1920 that carried two stowaway mechanics for thirteen hours and up to 3,000 metres.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fliegerhorst_Wittmundhafen\">Wikipedia (de): Fliegerhorst Wittmundhafen<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">26 April to 25 July 1944<\/div>\n<h3>Rocket fighters in East Frisia<\/h3>\n<p>1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed at Wittmundhafen on 26 April 1944 and received its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet in June. The Komet was the only rocket-powered fighter ever to reach an operational unit: propellant that ate through flesh, a few minutes of powered flight, a landing on a skid. The Staffel moved to Brandis on 25 July 1944 to defend the Leuna synthetic fuel plants, and the type went on to kill far more of its own pilots than it ever shot down.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fliegerhorst_Wittmundhafen\">Wikipedia (de): Fliegerhorst Wittmundhafen<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">12 March 1975<\/div>\n<h3>A gravestone as a gift<\/h3>\n<p>After Manfred von Richthofen&rsquo;s remains were moved from the Invalidenfriedhof in Berlin, his family gave his original gravestone to Jagdgeschwader 71. It has been at Wittmundhafen ever since. It is an unusual object for a serving NATO fighter wing to hold, and it makes the tradition question at Wittmund physical rather than merely rhetorical: the argument about what the name means is being had in the presence of the stone.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taktisches_Luftwaffengeschwader_71_%E2%80%9ERichthofen%E2%80%9C\">Wikipedia (de): Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">26 May 1987<\/div>\n<h3>A Tu-22 on the Wittmund line<\/h3>\n<p>Two F-4F Phantoms of the wing&rsquo;s alert pair intercepted a Soviet Tupolev Tu-22 supersonic bomber tracking in on the Wittmund&ndash;Jever line. Cold War intercepts off the German North Sea coast were routine enough not to make the papers, but a Tu-22 running the line at a fighter base is at the sharper end of routine. It is the sort of event that explains why two aircraft have sat armed at the end of this runway, in one form or another, since 1963.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taktisches_Luftwaffengeschwader_71_%E2%80%9ERichthofen%E2%80%9C\">Wikipedia (de): Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28&ndash;30 June 2013<\/div>\n<h3>Phantom Pharewell<\/h3>\n<p>The wing retired the F-4F Phantom II after thirty-nine years with a three-day farewell that drew around 100,000 people to a working fighter base in rural East Frisia. Aircraft 37+01 made the last German Phantom flight on 29 June. The type had served at Wittmund longer than any other German fighter anywhere, from March 1974, and the wing had passed 250,000 F-4 hours on 30 May 2007. Three months later, on 1 October 2013, the wing itself was downgraded to a Taktische Luftwaffengruppe.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taktisches_Luftwaffengeschwader_71_%E2%80%9ERichthofen%E2%80%9C\">Wikipedia (de): Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">3 July 2017<\/div>\n<h3>The letter about the motto<\/h3>\n<p>The wing&rsquo;s deputy commodore, Oberstleutnant Gero Finke, invited guests to the annual Richthofentreffen at Wittmund under the motto &quot;100 Jahre vom Jagdgeschwader 1 zum Taktischen Luftwaffengeschwader 71 Richthofen&quot;. The Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe wrote to him that the misleading title drew a direct connection to the former Richthofen wings of the imperial era and of the Third Reich, and thereby implied an unbroken line of tradition from the Luftwaffe to the Wehrmacht, and demanded a clarification at the event. It was reported by Thomas Wiegold at Augen geradeaus! in the middle of the wider Bundeswehr tradition crisis of 2017.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2017\/07\/bundeswehr-und-tradition-zum-beispiel-richthofen\/\">Augen geradeaus!<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">6 January 2022 to 17 July 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Three and a half years at Laage<\/h3>\n<p>The first Eurofighters left Wittmundhafen on 6 January 2022 and the move of all nineteen aircraft and about 240 military and civilian staff to Rostock-Laage was complete by the end of the month, the personnel rotating between the two bases every fortnight. The northern alert pair stood duty from Laage throughout. The first four aircraft returned on 17 July 2025, a year later than originally planned, and full flying operations are expected in the last quarter of 2026.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nlbl.niedersachsen.de\/startseite\/aktuelles_und_service\/pressemitteilungen\/erste-eurofighter-sind-nach-wittmundhafen-zuruckgekehrt-243412.html\">Nds. Landesamt f&#252;r Bau und Liegenschaften<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Wittmundhafen Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"jagel\">\n<td>Schleswig Air Base<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Panavia Tornado ECR, Panavia Tornado IDS Recce, IAI Heron TP, Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"hohn\">\n<td>Hohn Air Base<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transall C-160D<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"jever\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Jever Air Base<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2013<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter, Panavia Tornado IDS, Gloster Meteor, Hawker Hunter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Wittmundhafen Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Wittmundhafen Air Base known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is the home of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;, the only Luftwaffe wing carrying the name of Manfred von Richthofen, and it holds the northern of Germany&rsquo;s two quick reaction alert pairs. It was the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s first operational fighter wing, the first to fly the Starfighter, and flew the F-4F Phantom for thirty-nine years. The whole airfield has been under reconstruction since 2022.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is the wing called &quot;Richthofen&quot;, and is that controversial?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Federal President Heinrich L&#252;bke granted the honour name on 21 April 1961, the forty-third anniversary of Richthofen&rsquo;s death in 1918. It is contested, and the Luftwaffe knows it. The wing&rsquo;s red R emblem was inherited from the Wehrmacht&rsquo;s Jagdgeschwader 2 &quot;Richthofen&quot;, and in July 2017 the Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe formally rebuked the wing for an anniversary motto claiming a hundred years of continuous lineage, on the grounds that it implied an unbroken tradition from the modern Luftwaffe to the Wehrmacht.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What do the 1982 and 2018 Traditionserlasse say about this?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 1982 decree by Hans Apel said the Third Reich as an unjust regime could found no tradition, but described the military under National Socialism as partly culpably entangled and partly blamelessly misused, and did not rule on the Wehrmacht as an institution. The 2018 decree by Ursula von der Leyen states that for the armed forces of a democratic state under the rule of law the Wehrmacht as an institution is not worthy of tradition, while allowing individual members to be taken up after a careful case-by-case examination. Richthofen himself died in 1918 and falls outside that problem; the Second World War wing that shared his name does not.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Wittmund still hold quick reaction alert?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The task belongs to the wing, but since January 2022 it has been flown from Rostock-Laage while Wittmundhafen is rebuilt. Germany maintains two alert pairs of two armed Eurofighters, one covering the north and one at Neuburg an der Donau covering the south, under the national air security centre at Uedem. The alert is expected back at Wittmund during 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why are there Skyhawks at a German air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">They are not German military aircraft. The Canadian company Top Aces flies civil-registered Douglas A-4N Skyhawks from Wittmund, since early 2015, and Alpha Jets since 2020, under contract to provide dissimilar air combat training and target facilities for the German armed forces. BAE Systems did the same work before them with F-100F Super Sabres from 1991 to 2002. Germany awarded Top Aces a ten-year contract worth up to 420 million euros on 19 January 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How much is the Wittmundhafen rebuild costing?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Nieders&#228;chsisches Landesamt f&#252;r Bau und Liegenschaften puts the planned investment for 2020 to 2031 at about 774 million euros, of which roughly 351 million covers the listed major measures &mdash; about 155 million for the runway alone, 68 million for a maintenance hall, 60 million for the shelter loops, 33 million for a four-pack shelter and 27 million for a noise-suppression hall. Construction runs into the 2030s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did rocket fighters really fly from Wittmund?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, briefly. 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed at Wittmundhafen on 26 April 1944 and took its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet rocket interceptors in June, before moving to Brandis near Leipzig on 25 July 1944. The airfield had already hosted He 111 bombers until 1943 and Bf 110 night fighters after that.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can you visit Wittmundhafen?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not routinely. It is an operational NATO airfield and has been a construction site since 2022. The wing has held large public events in the past &mdash; the &quot;Phantom Pharewell&quot; in June 2013 drew around 100,000 people &mdash; and takes part in the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s open days, but there is no standing public access or viewing facility.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Wittmundhafen Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Eurofighter; northern quick reaction alert). The German Air Force operates it as Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Wittmundhafen Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Wittmundhafen Air Base is ETNT. The airfield sits at 8 m above sea level in Niedersachsen, at 53.5478 N, 7.6673 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Wittmundhafen Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wittmundhafen Air Base has one runway: 07\/25, 2,440 m (8,005 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Wittmundhafen Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wittmundhafen Air Base currently hosts Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot; flying the Eurofighter Typhoon; Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 71 flying the Eurofighter Typhoon; Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 71 flying the &mdash;; Top Aces German detachment flying the Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Wittmundhafen Air Base known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is the home of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 \\\"Richthofen\\\", the only Luftwaffe wing carrying the name of Manfred von Richthofen, and it holds the northern of Germany\\u2019s two quick reaction alert pairs. It was the Bundeswehr\\u2019s first operational fighter wing, the first to fly the Starfighter, and flew the F-4F Phantom for thirty-nine years. The whole airfield has been under reconstruction since 2022.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is the wing called \\\"Richthofen\\\", and is that controversial?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Federal President Heinrich L\\u00fcbke granted the honour name on 21 April 1961, the forty-third anniversary of Richthofen\\u2019s death in 1918. It is contested, and the Luftwaffe knows it. The wing\\u2019s red R emblem was inherited from the Wehrmacht\\u2019s Jagdgeschwader 2 \\\"Richthofen\\\", and in July 2017 the Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe formally rebuked the wing for an anniversary motto claiming a hundred years of continuous lineage, on the grounds that it implied an unbroken tradition from the modern Luftwaffe to the Wehrmacht.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What do the 1982 and 2018 Traditionserlasse say about this?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 1982 decree by Hans Apel said the Third Reich as an unjust regime could found no tradition, but described the military under National Socialism as partly culpably entangled and partly blamelessly misused, and did not rule on the Wehrmacht as an institution. The 2018 decree by Ursula von der Leyen states that for the armed forces of a democratic state under the rule of law the Wehrmacht as an institution is not worthy of tradition, while allowing individual members to be taken up after a careful case-by-case examination. Richthofen himself died in 1918 and falls outside that problem; the Second World War wing that shared his name does not.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Wittmund still hold quick reaction alert?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The task belongs to the wing, but since January 2022 it has been flown from Rostock-Laage while Wittmundhafen is rebuilt. Germany maintains two alert pairs of two armed Eurofighters, one covering the north and one at Neuburg an der Donau covering the south, under the national air security centre at Uedem. The alert is expected back at Wittmund during 2026.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why are there Skyhawks at a German air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"They are not German military aircraft. The Canadian company Top Aces flies civil-registered Douglas A-4N Skyhawks from Wittmund, since early 2015, and Alpha Jets since 2020, under contract to provide dissimilar air combat training and target facilities for the German armed forces. BAE Systems did the same work before them with F-100F Super Sabres from 1991 to 2002. Germany awarded Top Aces a ten-year contract worth up to 420 million euros on 19 January 2026.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much is the Wittmundhafen rebuild costing?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Nieders\\u00e4chsisches Landesamt f\\u00fcr Bau und Liegenschaften puts the planned investment for 2020 to 2031 at about 774 million euros, of which roughly 351 million covers the listed major measures \\u2014 about 155 million for the runway alone, 68 million for a maintenance hall, 60 million for the shelter loops, 33 million for a four-pack shelter and 27 million for a noise-suppression hall. Construction runs into the 2030s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did rocket fighters really fly from Wittmund?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, briefly. 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 400 was formed at Wittmundhafen on 26 April 1944 and took its first Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet rocket interceptors in June, before moving to Brandis near Leipzig on 25 July 1944. The airfield had already hosted He 111 bombers until 1943 and Bf 110 night fighters after that.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you visit Wittmundhafen?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not routinely. It is an operational NATO airfield and has been a construction site since 2022. The wing has held large public events in the past \\u2014 the \\\"Phantom Pharewell\\\" in June 2013 drew around 100,000 people \\u2014 and takes part in the Bundeswehr\\u2019s open days, but there is no standing public access or viewing facility.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Wittmundhafen Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Eurofighter; northern quick reaction alert). The German Air Force operates it as Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 \\\"Richthofen\\\".\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Wittmundhafen Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Wittmundhafen Air Base is ETNT. The airfield sits at 8 m above sea level in Niedersachsen, at 53.5478 N, 7.6673 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Wittmundhafen Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wittmundhafen Air Base has one runway: 07\/25, 2,440 m (8,005 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Wittmundhafen Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wittmundhafen Air Base currently hosts Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 \\\"Richthofen\\\" flying the Eurofighter Typhoon; Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 71 flying the Eurofighter Typhoon; Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 71 flying the \\u2014; Top Aces German detachment flying the Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from a Fliegerhorst. You can fly the jet the other side flew.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros &mdash; the Czech trainer the Nationale Volksarmee operated from Bautzen and Kamenz, and the aircraft German pilots met for the first time in Luftwaffe markings in 1990. A real military jet, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-in-switzerland\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Wittmundhafen Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">German Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the German Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Eurofighter Typhoon story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mil-aip.de\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Milit&#228;risches Luftfahrthandbuch Deutschland (MIL AIP)<\/a><span>the authority for German military ICAO codes, runway designators, lengths and surfaces; used here through the Fliegerhorst tables that cite it, because the publication itself is not openly accessible<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/data\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports open data (airports.csv and runways.csv)<\/a><span>aerodrome reference point coordinates and elevations, cross-checked against the German aerodrome articles; used for every base coordinate in this dataset<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-hero-wittmund.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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