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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption 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.satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Canada<\/div>\n<h1>Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">A&#233;ronavale de la Marine royale du Canada &middot; Aviation de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e canadienne<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Canada once had two air arms that were not the air force: a carrier navy that flew Seafires, Sea Furies, Banshees, Trackers and Sea Kings from HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em>, HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> and HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em>, and an army aviation branch of gunner pilots in Austers and Bird Dogs &mdash; and both were closed on 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a single service.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The pre-1965 Canadian roundel &mdash; a red maple leaf inside the red centre of the RAF-pattern blue, white and red roundel. Naval and army aircraft wore the same marking as the air force; Canada never had a separate naval marking of its own<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Service titles<b>ROYAL CANADIAN NAVY along the fuselage of naval aircraft, with the squadron&rsquo;s own badge on the nose or fin. It is the clearest way to tell a Canadian naval aeroplane from the identical Royal Navy machine it was borrowed or bought from<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Serials<b>The navy used its own number blocks rather than the RCAF five-digit series: the Trackers ran from 1502 to 1600, the Banshees kept their United States Navy bureau numbers. Army aircraft carried RCAF serials &mdash; the Austers 16651 to 16692, the Bird Dogs from 16701<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>6<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1918<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>49<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Vladimir Ondryas \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.5)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Canada<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1918<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Disbanded<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>HMCS Shearwater, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia (naval air); Canadian Joint Air Training Centre, Rivers, Manitoba (army aviation)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Rear-Admiral William Moss Landymore, OBE, CD<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Canadian naval and army aviation story: two air arms that were not the air force, closed on the same day<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1918: a naval air service that lasted five months<\/h3>\n<p>Canadian naval aviation began as an emergency. In the spring of 1918 Britain warned Ottawa that a new class of long-range U-boat could reach the Canadian coast, and the Royal Canadian Navy recommended air patrols over the convoy assembly ports. The Americans supplied the aircraft and the crews while Canada recruited and trained its own: the United States Navy opened Naval Air Station Halifax at Baker Point in Eastern Passage in August 1918 and a second station at North Sydney, flying Curtiss HS-2L flying boats under Lieutenant Richard Byrd. The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was authorised on 5 September 1918 and its first cadets were sent to the US Navy ground school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It never flew an operational sortie of its own. The Armistice came first, the service was disbanded on 5 December 1918, and the Air Board took the stations over. No U-boat was ever found, although 110,000 tons of shipping went down in North American waters in the last two months of the war.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1919&ndash;1945: no aircraft of its own, and Canadians in somebody else&rsquo;s Fleet Air Arm<\/h3>\n<p>For the next twenty-seven years Canada had no naval aircraft. Baker Point became the Dartmouth Air Station, then RCAF Station Dartmouth, and every Canadian in uniform who flew over salt water did it in an air force aeroplane. Canadians who wanted to fly from carriers went to the Royal Navy&rsquo;s Fleet Air Arm instead, and a great many did. Two Canadian-manned escort carriers, HMS <em>Nabob<\/em> and HMS <em>Puncher<\/em>, were commissioned in 1943 and 1944 with Royal Canadian Navy ships&rsquo; companies and Fleet Air Arm aircrew &mdash; Lend-Lease rules forbade transferring the ships to a third navy, so the compromise was Canadian sailors under a British ensign. <em>Nabob<\/em> was torpedoed by U-354 in the Barents Sea on 22 August 1944 during the <em>Tirpitz<\/em> strikes, lost twenty-one men and never sailed again. The most famous Canadian naval aviator of the war never served in a Canadian squadron at all: Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray, RCNVR, flying a Corsair of 1841 Squadron off HMS <em>Formidable<\/em>, sank the escort ship <em>Amakusa<\/em> in Onagawa Bay on 9 August 1945 and died doing it. His was the last Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1946&ndash;1957: <em>Warrior<\/em>, <em>Magnificent<\/em>, and a navy learning to fly<\/h3>\n<p>The real Canadian naval air arm was born out of a plan for a Pacific war that ended too soon. In April 1945 Britain agreed to lend Canada two light fleet carriers, and four Fleet Air Arm squadrons were re-formed with Canadian crews to fly from them &mdash; 803 and 883 with Seafires, 825 and 826 with Fireflies. HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> was commissioned at Belfast on 24 January 1946 and 803 and 825 went with her; she reached Halifax on 31 March. It went badly. <em>Warrior<\/em> had been built for the tropics, with no heating for much of her equipment, and a Canadian North Atlantic winter found every gap in her; she spent the winter of 1946&ndash;47 at Esquimalt instead, and was handed back to the Royal Navy at Portsmouth on 23 March 1948. HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> replaced her, commissioned on 21 March 1948 and at Halifax by 1 June. On 1 December 1948 the navy took over RCAF Station Dartmouth and commissioned it as HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em>, and on 1 May 1951 the borrowed Royal Navy squadron numbers were swapped for Canadian ones: 803 became 870, 883 became 871, 825 became 880 and 826 became 881. Eighteen months later the navy adopted American designations as well, and VF 870, VF 871, VS 880 and VS 881 are the names the arm is remembered by.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1940&ndash;1968: the army&rsquo;s own air arm, from the Auster to the Bird Dog<\/h3>\n<p>The army&rsquo;s air arm started somewhere else entirely, in a field behind the guns. In 1944 Parliament voted three Air Observation Post squadrons for First Canadian Army: 664 formed at RAF Andover on 9 December 1944, 665 on 22 January 1945 and 666 on 5 March 1945, flying Auster IVs and Vs. The pilots were not airmen but artillery officers of the Royal Canadian Artillery, taught to fly at Cambridge and Andover so they could correct the fall of shot from a hundred metres up; the squadrons were RCAF on paper and gunners in practice, which makes them the first Canadian unified units by a generation. It cost them. Captain Tony Eaton, MC, chosen to take 665 to war, was killed near RAF Middle Wallop on the night of 1 March 1945. B Flight of 665 fired the last Canadian shot of the European war, at Dunkirk on 7 May 1945. One of 666&rsquo;s flight officers, Captain James Doohan, later played Scotty in <em>Star Trek<\/em>. Because the AOP observers sat outside the aircrew establishment the air force recognised after the war &mdash; a small, mean detail that the pilots remembered for decades.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1957&ndash;1967: <em>Bonaventure<\/em>, the Banshee, the Tracker &mdash; and the Beartrap<\/h3>\n<p>HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> was the only carrier Canada ever owned outright. She had been laid down at Harland &amp; Wolff as HMS <em>Powerful<\/em> in 1943, launched in 1945 and abandoned half-built; Canada bought the hull on 23 April 1952 for 21 million dollars and spent another 10 million finishing her to a modern standard, with an angled flight deck, a steam catapult, a mirror landing aid and American radar. She was commissioned at Belfast on 17 January 1957 and reached Halifax on 26 June. Her first air group was sixteen F2H-3 Banshees and eight CS2F Trackers, with HO4S helicopters as plane guards. The Banshees were a tight fit and a hard aeroplane, and Canada lost twelve of the thirty-nine it bought; the fighters were withdrawn on 12 September 1962 and never replaced, leaving <em>Bonaventure<\/em> a pure anti-submarine ship. What the navy did instead was quietly more important. Through the late 1950s it worked out how to land a big helicopter on a small, moving deck, using a haul-down cable and a rapid-securing trap &mdash; the Beartrap. It made the helicopter destroyer possible, and every navy that flies a helicopter off a frigate today is using a Canadian idea.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1964&ndash;1970: unification, Landymore, and the end of Canadian naval flying<\/h3>\n<p>The end came from Ottawa, not from the sea. Paul Hellyer&rsquo;s white paper of 26 March 1964 proposed merging the three services, and the naval staff read it correctly as the end of the navy as an institution: the post of Chief of the Naval Staff was abolished that year, and with no carrier replacement in any plan, naval aviation had nowhere to go. Rear-Admiral William Landymore refused to sell the policy to his officers, canvassed the fleet, and was relieved of command on 12 July 1966. The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act, passed by the Commons in April 1967, came into force on 1 February 1968; the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force ceased to exist as legal entities the same day. The aircraft did not stop flying &mdash; VS 880 and HS 50 simply carried on under Maritime Command &mdash; but they were no longer navy aircraft, and there has been no Canadian naval air branch since. <em>Bonaventure<\/em> came out of an 18-month refit that cost more than twice its estimate, flew her last deck landing on 12 December 1969, paid off on 3 July 1970 and was scrapped in Taiwan. Canadian fixed-wing flying from ships ended with her.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">For the next twenty-seven years Canada had no naval aircraft. Baker Point became the Dartmouth Air Station, then RCAF Station Dartmouth, and every Canadian in uniform who flew over salt water did it in an air force aeroplane.<cite>Canadian Naval and Army Aviation &middot; verified 2026-09-21<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Canadian Naval and Army Aviation in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Closed on 1 February 1968<span class=\"gnote\">This is a historical order of battle, not a current one. The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act took effect on 1 February 1968 and merged the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force into a single Canadian Armed Forces. Neither a naval air branch nor an army aviation branch has existed in Canada since. Everything Canada flies today &mdash; including the shipborne CH-148 Cyclones and the army&rsquo;s CH-147F Chinooks &mdash; belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Two arms, one page<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>The air branch of the Royal Canadian Navy, 1918 and 1946&ndash;1968<\/li>\n<li>Canadian Army aviation, 1944&ndash;1968: the Air Observation Post squadrons and the postwar light aviation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">They are on one page because they ended on the same day, for the same reason, and because neither was ever large enough to stand alone. At its peak the naval air branch had roughly fifty aircraft in the air and the army&rsquo;s own pilot strength never reached two hundred.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>5 September 1918 (navy); 9 December 1944 (army)<span class=\"gnote\">The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was authorised on 5 September 1918 and disbanded on 5 December 1918, five months later, without flying an operational sortie of its own. Naval flying resumed on 24 January 1946 with the commissioning of HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em>. Canadian Army aviation dates from No. 664 (Air Observation Post) Squadron RCAF, formed at RAF Andover on 9 December 1944.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Disbanded<\/dt>\n<dd>1 February 1968<span class=\"gnote\">Fixed-wing flying from Canadian ships ended later, on 12 December 1969, when the last aircraft landed on HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em>; the ship paid off on 3 July 1970.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Carriers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> &mdash; 24 January 1946 to 23 March 1948 (loaned, returned to the Royal Navy)<\/li>\n<li>HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> &mdash; 21 March 1948 to 14 June 1957 (loaned, returned to the Royal Navy)<\/li>\n<li>HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> &mdash; 17 January 1957 to 3 July 1970 (bought outright)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Three ships, all built at Harland &amp; Wolff in Belfast, all of the 1942 Design Light Fleet type. Only <em>Bonaventure<\/em> was Canadian property; the other two were on loan from the Royal Navy with an option to buy that Canada never took up.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Main station<\/dt>\n<dd>HMCS Shearwater, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia<span class=\"gnote\">The former RCAF Station Dartmouth, handed to the navy and commissioned as HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em> on 1 December 1948. It is the same ground as the 1918 United States Naval Air Station Halifax at Baker Point &mdash; the second-oldest military aerodrome in Canada. It is still flying today as Shearwater Heliport, home of 12 Wing, which is an air force wing doing the navy&rsquo;s work.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>What replaced it<\/dt>\n<dd>Maritime Command 1968, Air Command 1975, the RCAF again from 2011<span class=\"gnote\">On unification the naval aircraft went to Maritime Command and the army&rsquo;s to Mobile Command. On 2 September 1975 every aircraft in the Canadian Forces was gathered into a new Air Command, which was renamed the Royal Canadian Air Force on 16 August 2011. The practical result is that Canada has one flying service and no others.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Naval aircraft, peak<\/dt>\n<dd>about 50 in the air at once<span class=\"gnote\">Canada&rsquo;s Aviation Hall of Fame records 56 aircraft on the naval air branch&rsquo;s strength by 1949. <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s air group from 1957 was sixteen Banshees and eight Trackers plus helicopters; from 1962 it was eight Trackers and up to a dozen HO4S. These are small numbers by any standard, and the arm knew it.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Army pilots<\/dt>\n<dd>about 140 qualified officers<span class=\"gnote\">The figure is from the Canadian Joint Air Training Centre at Rivers, Manitoba, which trained them. They came mostly from the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery and the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps, and they flew light aircraft and light helicopters, never combat aircraft.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft types flown<\/dt>\n<dd>more than forty across both arms<span class=\"gnote\">From the Curtiss HS-2L flying boat of 1918 to the Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King and the Boeing Vertol CH-113A Voyageur. The naval list alone runs to twenty types.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Banshees bought and lost<\/dt>\n<dd>39 bought, 12 lost<span class=\"gnote\">Thirty-nine ex-United States Navy F2H-3 Banshees for about 25 million dollars, delivered from November 1955. Twelve of the thirty-nine were written off in Canadian service. They were Canada&rsquo;s only naval jet fighters and the only jets ever to fly from a Canadian deck.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trackers built in Canada<\/dt>\n<dd>99<span class=\"gnote\">de Havilland Canada built 99 CS2F Trackers under licence at Downsview, serials 1502 to 1600, the first flying on 31 May 1956. One American-built S2F-1 was bought for manufacturing verification, making 100 airframes in Canadian naval service. Seventeen CS2F-1s went to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1960 and 1961.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sea Kings<\/dt>\n<dd>41<span class=\"gnote\">The CHSS-2 was chosen on 20 December 1961 and the first of forty-one delivered from 1963, most assembled by United Aircraft of Canada at Longueuil, Quebec. Redesignated CH-124 at unification, the type flew until 2018 &mdash; fifty-five years, longer than the navy that bought it existed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Naval air stations<\/dt>\n<dd>One, plus detachments<span class=\"gnote\">HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em> was the only naval air station Canada ever ran. RCAF Station Patricia Bay in British Columbia hosted VU 33 on the west coast, RCAF Station Summerside took VF 870 from September 1953 until it stood down in March 1954, and the aerodrome at the former RCAF Station Debert was attached to <em>Shearwater<\/em> in the 1960s for carrier landing practice.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Army aviation centre<\/dt>\n<dd>Canadian Joint Air Training Centre, Rivers, Manitoba<span class=\"gnote\">Built out of No. 1 Airborne Research and Development Centre at Camp Shilo in October 1945 and at Rivers from April 1947, reorganised as the Joint Air Training Centre in March 1949. Roughly 800 permanent staff, split about half RCAF and half army. It trained more than 13,000 paratroopers and over 5,500 air-supply students, and it is where army pilots did their operational flying training. The station closed in 1971.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Air Observation Post flights<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>No. 1 AOP Flight &mdash; Camp Petawawa, Ontario, from November 1954<\/li>\n<li>No. 2 AOP Flight, later Troop &mdash; Camp Shilo, Manitoba, from November 1954<\/li>\n<li>No. 1 AOP Troop &mdash; Germany from March 1960, with 4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Three flights in all, the third being the one in Europe. The Germany troop moved to Lahr in 1970 with the brigade, and on 1 October 1972 it and the other army aviation elements of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group were folded into 444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Flying squadrons at the end<\/dt>\n<dd>Six naval squadrons on 1 February 1968<span class=\"gnote\">VS 880 with CS2F Trackers, HS 50 with CHSS-2 Sea Kings, HU 21 with utility helicopters, VX 10 on trials and VU 32, all at Shearwater, and VU 33 at Patricia Bay. VU 32 and VU 33 were struck off in February 1968; VX 10 moved to Cold Lake and was disbanded in June 1970. VS 880 and HS 50 carried on under Maritime Command as air force units.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Carrier deck landings<\/dt>\n<dd>10,000 on <em>Bonaventure<\/em> by April 1962<span class=\"gnote\">The ten-thousandth deck landing aboard <em>Bonaventure<\/em>, by a Tracker, was recorded in April 1962 &mdash; five years after she commissioned. The last deck landing of any kind on a Canadian ship was on 12 December 1969.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>What survives<\/dt>\n<dd>Shearwater Aviation Museum, and a heliport still flying<span class=\"gnote\">The Shearwater Aviation Museum at Shearwater holds the naval aviation collection, including <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s bell, <em>Magnificent<\/em>&rsquo;s bell and a Banshee. <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s port anchor stands in Point Pleasant Park in Halifax as the Bonaventure Anchor Memorial, dedicated in 1973 by Rear-Admiral Robert Timbrell, who had commanded her; it carries 131 names of Canadian naval personnel who died in peacetime between 1948 and 1994.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">How the two arms were organised on the day they closed. <span class=\"imp\">Neither of these organisations exists. Both were abolished on 1 February 1968, when the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force into one service. Everything below is a historical order of battle.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">RW<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Rear-Admiral<\/span><b>Rear-Admiral William Moss Landymore, OBE, CD<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander, Maritime Command &mdash; January to July 1966 &middot; in office since 1966<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Royal Canadian Navy air branch and Canadian Army aviation<\/span><em>A&#233;ronavale et aviation de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Naval air command<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Royal Canadian Navy air branch<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">RCN Air<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ottawa and Halifax<\/div>\n<p>Never a separate service and never a named command with a flag officer of its own. Canadian naval aviation was a branch of the Royal Canadian Navy, run from Naval Service Headquarters in Ottawa and through the Flag Officer Atlantic Coast at Halifax, with all its squadrons based at one station. The post of Chief of the Naval Staff was abolished in 1964 and the operational navy was gathered into Maritime Command in January 1966. On 1 February 1968 the Royal Canadian Navy ceased to exist as a legal entity and its aircraft became Canadian Armed Forces aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">The one air station<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>HMCS Shearwater<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">RCNAS Shearwater<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Dartmouth, Nova Scotia<\/div>\n<p>The former RCAF Station Dartmouth, commissioned into the navy on 1 December 1948 and the shore base of every Canadian naval flying unit. Squadrons lived here and embarked in the carriers for weeks or months at a time. Satellites: RCAF Station Patricia Bay for VU 33 on the west coast, RCAF Station Summerside for VF 870 in 1953 and 1954, and the aerodrome at Debert for carrier landing practice in the 1960s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Carrier air groups<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>19th, 30th and 31st Carrier Air Groups<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CAG<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Embarked<\/div>\n<p>The fighter and anti-submarine squadrons grouped for embarkation. The 19th Carrier Air Group was formed in 1947 around 803 and 825 Squadrons for HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> and HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em>; the 30th took VF 871 and the Avenger squadrons in <em>Magnificent<\/em>. Numbers and composition changed often, and after the fighters went in 1962 the whole idea lapsed: <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s last air group was one Tracker squadron, one helicopter squadron and a plane guard.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">The carriers<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>HMCS Warrior, HMCS Magnificent, HMCS Bonaventure<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CVL<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">HMC Dockyard Halifax<\/div>\n<p>Three light fleet carriers between 1946 and 1970, all built at Harland &amp; Wolff in Belfast. <em>Warrior<\/em> and <em>Magnificent<\/em> were on loan from the Royal Navy; <em>Bonaventure<\/em> was bought outright in 1952 and completed with an angled deck, a steam catapult and a mirror landing aid. Home port Halifax throughout, except for <em>Warrior<\/em>&rsquo;s winter at Esquimalt in 1946 and 1947.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Naval air reserve<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>VC 920, VC 921, VC 922, VC 923 and VC 924<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">VC<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">The naval divisions<\/div>\n<p>Five composite squadrons at the naval reserve divisions, flying Harvards, Avengers and Expeditors from nearby airfields. The Directorate of History and Heritage records VC 920 authorised 1 May 1953 and disbanded 20 March 1964, VC 921 authorised 30 September 1953 and disbanded 3 March 1959, VC 922 authorised 1 December 1953 and disbanded 31 March 1964, and VC 923 authorised 2 May 1954 and disbanded 20 February 1959. They belonged to HMCS <em>York<\/em> at Toronto, HMCS <em>Cataraqui<\/em> at Kingston, HMCS <em>Malahat<\/em> at Victoria, HMCS <em>Montcalm<\/em> at Quebec and HMCS <em>Tecumseh<\/em> at Calgary.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Army aviation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Canadian Army aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">&mdash;<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Rivers, Manitoba<\/div>\n<p>The Canadian Army never had an aviation corps. What it had was a handful of air observation post flights belonging to the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, a helicopter troop in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, and about 140 officers with pilot qualifications. All of them were trained by the Royal Canadian Air Force and most of the aircraft that flew for the army belonged to the air force. This is the reason the army&rsquo;s aviation story is short and the air force&rsquo;s is long.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">The joint school<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Canadian Joint Air Training Centre<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CJATC<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Rivers, Manitoba<\/div>\n<p>The one place where the arrangement was made to work: a station at Rivers, Manitoba with about 800 permanent staff, roughly half Royal Canadian Air Force and half Canadian Army, running the airborne, air supply, land and air warfare, helicopter and light aircraft schools plus a flight of six T-33s for tactical air demonstrations. Formed out of the Joint Air School in March 1949 and renamed the Army Aviation Tactical Training School for its flying side in 1961. Closed 1971.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Wartime army squadrons<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Nos. 664, 665 and 666 (Air Observation Post) Squadrons RCAF<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">AOP<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">The Netherlands and Germany<\/div>\n<p>Three squadrons voted by Parliament in 1944 for First Canadian Army, formed at RAF Andover on 9 December 1944, 22 January 1945 and 5 March 1945. They were Royal Canadian Air Force units flown by Royal Canadian Artillery officers under No. 84 Group of Second Tactical Air Force &mdash; a unified unit a generation before unification. 665 disbanded at Apeldoorn on 10 July 1945, 666 on 31 October 1945 and 664 at Bad Zwischenahn on 31 May 1946.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">What replaced both<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Maritime Command and Mobile Command, then Air Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MARCOM \/ FMC<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ottawa<\/div>\n<p>On 1 February 1968 naval aircraft went to Maritime Command and army aviation to Mobile Command, with the rest of the Royal Canadian Air Force split between Air Defence Command, Air Transport Command and Training Command. On 2 September 1975 every aircraft in the Canadian Forces was gathered into a single Air Command, which was renamed the Royal Canadian Air Force on 16 August 2011. 1 Wing at Kingston, formed on 1 April 1993, is the direct descendant of Canadian tactical helicopter aviation; 12 Wing at Shearwater is the descendant of the naval air branch. Both are air force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">49 types, from the Curtiss HS-2L to the Sikorsky HO4S-2 and HO4S-3. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky HO4S-2 and HO4S-3<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier plane guard and anti-submarine helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">13<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1952&ndash;1970<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirteen aircraft: three HO4S-2 and ten HO4S-3, the two surviving HO4S-2s brought up to HO4S-3 standard in 1955 and 1956. The RCAF flew a related H-19 with a different engine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Canada CS2F-3 Tracker<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier and shore-based anti-submarine aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">43<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1966&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Passed to Maritime Command on 1 February 1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Forty-three CS2F-2 airframes rebuilt with new electronics from 1964. Redesignated CP-121 on 27 July 1970 after the carrier went.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Shipborne anti-submarine helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">41<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1963&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Passed to Maritime Command on 1 February 1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Forty-one aircraft. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Chosen on 20 December 1961 over the Kaman HU2K, which trials showed to be heavier than promised; first delivered in 1963, most assembled by United Aircraft of Canada at Longueuil, Quebec. Redesignated CH-124 at unification and retired in 2018.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Jet trainer and target facilities<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">16<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1955&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Passed to the Canadian Forces on 1 February 1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Sixteen aircraft, taken over from the Royal Canadian Air Force. The type stayed in Canadian service until 2002, long after the navy that flew it was gone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk (CT-120)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Elementary and pilot-grading trainer<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1948&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">No army figure is published. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>One hundred Chipmunks served across the Canadian forces from 1948 to 1972; only a fraction were on army pilot selection and grading at any one time, so no number is given in the column.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna L-19A and L-19E Bird Dog (CO-119)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air observation post and liaison<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">25<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1954&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">CH-136 Kiowa, after unification<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twenty-five aircraft on the serial evidence: 16 L-19A, serials 16701 to 16716, and 9 L-19E, serials 16717 to 16725. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Other published counts give 29 and 32, the latter from a serial range running to 16735; the figure here is the one the individual serials support. Canadian airframes were later renumbered in the 119xxx series.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hiller CH-112 Nomad<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light observation and liaison helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">27<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1961&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">CH-136 Kiowa, after unification<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twenty-seven aircraft, serials 10261 to 10287, in service from August 1961. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Sources differ on whether 27 or 28 were bought and on how many were to Royal Canadian Air Force specification; the serial range supports 27.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piasecki H-21A (CH-125)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium transport and rescue helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1954&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Vertol CH-113A Voyageur<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Fifteen aircraft, 1954 to 1973.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-34A (CH-126)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1955&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Six aircraft, 1955 to 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing Vertol CH-113A Voyageur<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium tactical transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">12<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1964&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Passed to Mobile Command on 1 February 1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twelve army-tasked CH-113A Voyageurs, the usual figure, within a confirmed Canadian total of 18 CH-113 airframes covering both the army Voyageur and the air force Labrador. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Delivered in 1963 and 1964.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada Otter (CSR-123)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light transport, army support and United Nations service<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">69<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1953&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">de Havilland Canada Caribou and Buffalo<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Sixty-nine aircraft in Canadian service between 1953 and 1984, on Royal Canadian Air Force charge throughout.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada Caribou (CC-108)<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">9<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1960&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">de Havilland Canada Buffalo<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Nine aircraft, 1960 to 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas Dakota (CC-129)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport and paratroop training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1945&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Lockheed CC-130 Hercules<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">No army-support figure is published. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>One hundred and sixty-nine Dakotas passed through Canadian service between 1943 and 1988 across every role; only a handful were on airborne and air-supply training work at Rivers at any one time, so no number is given in the column.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair T-33 Silver Star, army co-operation<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical air support demonstration and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1953&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Six aircraft held by the Tactical Fighter Flight at the Canadian Joint Air Training Centre, within the 656 Silver Stars built in Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft Expeditor (CT-128), army support<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light transport and communications<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1951&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Within the 398 Expeditors on Canadian charge between 1941 and 1972. No separate army-support figure is published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" class=\"was\">Bell CH-118 Iroquois<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1968&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">CH-135 Twin Huey<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Ten aircraft, delivered in 1968 &mdash; the year the army aviation branch ceased to exist. The last nine were retired in 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker COD<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier onboard delivery<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1964&ndash;1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Two CS2F-1 airframes stripped of armament and anti-submarine electronics in 1964 and converted to transports.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Canada CS2F-2 Tracker<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier anti-submarine aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1960&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">de Havilland Canada CS2F-3 Tracker<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Part of the same 100-aircraft programme. Forty-three CS2F-2s were later rebuilt as CS2F-3s from 1964.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph20\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell HTL-4 and HTL-6<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility and training helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1951&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Sikorsky HO4S<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Eight aircraft. Three Bell helicopters were introduced in 1951 and the type stayed on charge until 1967.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph21\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (CC-119)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Paratroop and air supply transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">35<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1952&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Lockheed CC-130 Hercules<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-five aircraft, 1952 to 1967.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1954&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Vertol CH-113A Voyageur<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Fifteen Royal Canadian Air Force H-19s with the Wasp engine, plus the thirteen Royal Canadian Navy HO4S with the Wright engine counted separately in the naval list above.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell 47D and 47G<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light helicopter, training and observation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">9<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1948&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Nine aircraft across the Canadian forces between 1948 and 1965.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-5 Dragonfly<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility and rescue helicopter, conversion training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">7<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1947&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Seven aircraft, 1947 to 1965. Royal Canadian Air Force machines used at Rivers for joint training.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American Harvard, army pilot training<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Advanced trainer for army pilots<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1947&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Canadair CT-114 Tutor<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Royal Canadian Air Force aircraft on air force charge. Army officers were streamed through air force flying training before their operational course at Rivers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph26\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piasecki HUP-3 Retriever<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Plane guard, rescue and utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1954&ndash;1964<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Sikorsky HO4S<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, transferred from the United States Army as H-25As in May 1954 and modified to United States Navy HUP-3 standard on delivery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph27\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky HO4S-3 Beartrap trials aircraft<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Shipborne landing trials<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1956&ndash;1963<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Within the thirteen HO4S the navy held. The trials also used a larger Sikorsky H-34 to prove the device against a heavier aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph28\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier all-weather fighter and NORAD interceptor<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">39<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1955&ndash;1962<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Nothing &mdash; the fighter role was abandoned<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-nine second-hand United States Navy aircraft for about 25 million dollars, delivered from November 1955. Twelve of the thirty-nine were lost in Canadian service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph29\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" class=\"was\">Grumman Avenger AS.3 (TBM-3E)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier anti-submarine aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">125<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1950&ndash;1960<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One hundred and twenty-five Avengers of all Canadian marks, bought from the United States Navy from April 1950 and rebuilt in Canada for anti-submarine work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph30\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\" class=\"was\">Grumman CS2F-1 Tracker<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier anti-submarine aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1957&ndash;1960<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">de Havilland Canada CS2F-2 Tracker<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Part of the 100-aircraft Canadian Tracker programme; 42 of the 99 licence-built airframes were CS2F-1s. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Seventeen were transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1960 and 1961 and two were stripped out as carrier onboard delivery transports in 1964.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph31\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft Expeditor (CT-128)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light transport and multi-engine trainer<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1952&ndash;1960<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Ten aircraft, taken over from the Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph32\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" class=\"was\">Grumman Avenger AEW Mk 3W2<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Airborne early warning and radio relay<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1955&ndash;1959<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Nothing &mdash; the capability lapsed<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">A flight of four aircraft added to VS 881 in March 1955, within the total of 125 Avengers. No separate fleet figure is published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph33\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American Harvard<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Trainer<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">36<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1958<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-six aircraft. Not to be confused with the modern CT-156 Harvard II, which is a different aeroplane entirely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph34\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Auster AOP.6 and T.7<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air observation post and liaison<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">42<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1948&ndash;1958<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Forty-two aircraft: 36 AOP.6, serials 16651 to 16686, and 6 T.7 trainers, serials 16687 to 16692.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph35\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">75<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1948&ndash;1957<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Seventy-five aircraft. The Sea Fury entered Royal Canadian Navy service in August 1947, a month before the Royal Navy had it, and left in 1956 and 1957. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>One published figure gives 53 rather than 75; the higher number is the one in the Royal Canadian Navy aircraft list.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph36\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland DH.82C Tiger Moth<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Elementary trainer<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1948&ndash;1957<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, ex-Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph37\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire F.XV<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">35<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1954<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-five aircraft, on loan from the Royal Navy rather than bought. Canada never owned a Seafire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph38\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\" class=\"was\">Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier anti-submarine and strike<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">65<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1954<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Sixty-five AS Mk 5 aircraft between 1946 and 1954, within a total of 76 Fireflies of all marks; the whole fleet was on loan from the Royal Navy. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Canada chose the Firefly over American types on the advice of its own veteran pilots.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph39\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Auster AOP.6, Korea<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air observation post on operations<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1952&ndash;1953<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">No Canadian-owned aircraft. Four Canadian Army pilots flew British Auster Mk VIs on attachment to 1903 Air Observation Post Flight, Royal Air Force, from 1952.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph40\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Avro Anson Mk V<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility and training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1952<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Beechcraft Expeditor<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Two aircraft, ex-Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph41\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\" class=\"was\">Fairey Firefly FR.I and F.I<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier fighter-reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1949<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">A handful of Mk I aircraft, within the 76 Fireflies of all marks the navy held on loan. No separate Mk I total is published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph42\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairey Albacore<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Training and utility<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1943&ndash;1949<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Six aircraft. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The dates published for them, 1943 to 1949, sit oddly beside a naval air branch that did not exist until 1946; they are most likely airframes taken over with the wartime Canadian-manned carrier establishment. Treat the start date with caution.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph43\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Schweizer SGS 2-12<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Training glider<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1949<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph44\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\" class=\"was\">Fairey Swordfish Mk II and Mk III<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Training and utility, target-towing<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">22<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1948<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twenty-two aircraft, used for training and second-line work rather than for anything resembling a torpedo attack.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph45\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Walrus<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility amphibian<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">4<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1946&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Four aircraft, held for a single year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph46\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Taylorcraft Auster Mk IV and Mk V<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air observation post &mdash; artillery spotting<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">42<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1946<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Auster AOP.6<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Forty-two aircraft on the strength of the three Canadian Air Observation Post squadrons, with five Canadian aircraft lost. No. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>666 Squadron&rsquo;s sixteen Auster Mk Vs began arriving in the last week of March 1945.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph47\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Vought F4U Corsair, Fleet Air Arm<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier fighter-bomber flown by Canadians in British squadrons<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">No Canadian-owned aircraft. Flown by Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve officers serving in Royal Navy squadrons, because in 1945 Canada had no naval squadrons of its own.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph48\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grumman Wildcat and Fairey Barracuda, HMS <em>Puncher<\/em><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier fighter and torpedo bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1945&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Royal Navy aircraft of 881 and 821 Squadrons, flown from a carrier crewed by the Royal Canadian Navy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph49\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\" class=\"was\">Grumman Avenger, HMS <em>Nabob<\/em><\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Carrier anti-submarine and mining aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Royal Navy aircraft of 852 and 856 Squadrons, flown from a carrier with a Royal Canadian Navy ship&rsquo;s company. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Lend-Lease rules prevented the ship or the aircraft from being transferred to Canada.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph50\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Curtiss HS-2L<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Anti-submarine patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">12<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1918&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Nothing &mdash; the service was disbanded<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twelve aircraft in all: six at Naval Air Station Halifax and six at Naval Air Station Sydney, supplied and flown by the United States Navy. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>None of them ever belonged to Canada, and the Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was still training its own crews when the war ended. The six at Sydney were shipped to Halifax and stored when the Americans handed the stations over.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where Canadian naval and army aviation flew from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Hollow pins are stations that have closed; the black ones are ground still in military use, under other owners and other names. <span class=\"imp\">There was only ever one Canadian naval air station, HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em> at Dartmouth, and the carriers had no fixed position at all &mdash; they are listed under HMC Dockyard Halifax, the base they worked from.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"mapsub\">Canada<\/h3>\n<p class=\"mapnote\">Three of the fourteen stations above are in Europe, so the world map has to pull back until the Canadian ones cannot be told apart. The same pins again, without the Dutch landing ground and the two German garrison towns.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap2\" class=\"oobmap home\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"oob2-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob2-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, territory or country, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, territory or country, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-gagetown\" data-base=\"gagetown\" data-x=\"closed active 1st and 2nd Regiments, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, air observation post aircraft \">\n<td>Camp Gagetown<span class=\"bcanton\">New Brunswick<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYCX<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Canadian Horse Artillery air observation aircraft<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-petawawa\" data-base=\"petawawa\" data-x=\"closed active No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight, Royal Canadian Artillery \">\n<td>Camp Petawawa<span class=\"bcanton\">Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYWA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">17\/35<\/span>1,158 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass (closed to fixed-wing)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight, RCA<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Auster AOP.6<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-shilo\" data-base=\"shilo\" data-x=\"closed active No. 2 Air Observation Post Flight, later Troop, Royal Canadian Artillery \">\n<td>Camp Shilo<span class=\"bcanton\">Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CKM3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 2 Air Observation Post Flight, RCA<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Auster AOP.6<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-hmc-dockyard-halifax\" data-base=\"hmc-dockyard-halifax\" data-x=\"closed active Flag Officer Atlantic Coast, later Maritime Command \">\n<td>HMC Dockyard Halifax &mdash; the carriers<span class=\"bcanton\">Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> (CVL 22)<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\">de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker<\/a>, Sikorsky HO4S-3, Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> (CVL 21)<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/a>, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11, Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> (R31)<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV<\/a>, Fairey Firefly FR.I, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">30th Carrier Air Group<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Hawker Sea Fury FB.11, Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HMS <em>Nabob<\/em> (D77)<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Avenger<\/a>, Grumman Wildcat<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HMS <em>Puncher<\/em> (D79)<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Wildcat<\/a>, Fairey Barracuda<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-shearwater\" data-base=\"shearwater\" data-x=\"closed active HMCS Shearwater, Royal Canadian Navy, 1 December 1948 to 1 February 1968 \">\n<td>HMCS Shearwater<small>Royal Canadian Naval Air Station Shearwater<\/small><span class=\"bcanton\">Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYAW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">16\/34<\/span>2,742 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt (closed after 2002)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">10\/28<\/span>1,735 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt (closed after 2002)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">16H\/34H<\/span>1,067 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt (heliport strip today)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Canadian Naval Air Service<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Curtiss HS-2L<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">803 Squadron<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">825 Squadron<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Fairey Firefly FR.I, Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">883 Squadron<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">826 Squadron<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Fairey Firefly AS.5, Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VF 870<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\">Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/a>, McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VF 871<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\">Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/a>, McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VS 880<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\">Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/a>, de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VS 881<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\">Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Avenger AEW Mk 3W2<\/a>, Grumman CS2F-1 Tracker<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HS 50<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky HO4S-3, Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">HU 21<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Bell HTL-4, Piasecki HUP-3, Sikorsky HO4S-3, Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VU 32<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, Avro Anson Mk V, Grumman Avenger AS.3, Canadair T-33 Silver Star, Beechcraft Expeditor<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VT 40<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">North American Harvard<\/a>, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11, Grumman Avenger AS.3, Beechcraft Expeditor, Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VX 10<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/a>, Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King, Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-victoria-patricia-bay\" data-base=\"victoria-patricia-bay\" data-x=\"closed active VU 33, Royal Canadian Navy, west coast detachment \">\n<td>RCAF Station Patricia Bay<span class=\"bcanton\">British Columbia<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYYJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,134 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">03\/21<\/span>1,532 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">14\/32<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VU 33<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Grumman Avenger AS.3, Piasecki HUP-3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-namao\" data-base=\"namao\" data-x=\"closed closed RCAF Station Namao, later CFB Edmonton \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Namao<span class=\"bcanton\">Alberta<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">12\/30<\/span>4,267 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete (removed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Central Experimental and Proving Establishment detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-summerside\" data-base=\"summerside\" data-x=\"closed closed RCAF Station Summerside \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Summerside<span class=\"bcanton\">Prince Edward Island<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYSU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1991<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">05\/23<\/span>2,438 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">12\/30<\/span>1,615 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">18\/36<\/span>1,664 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt (closed)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">VF 870 detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-debert\" data-base=\"debert\" data-x=\"closed closed Attached to HMCS Shearwater for carrier landing training \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Debert<span class=\"bcanton\">Nova Scotia<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CCQ3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">16\/34<\/span>1,524 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">05\/23<\/span>914 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Shearwater field carrier landing practice detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee, de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-rivers\" data-base=\"rivers\" data-x=\"closed closed Canadian Joint Air Training Centre, later Army Aviation Tactical Training School \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Rivers<small>Canadian Joint Air Training Centre<\/small><span class=\"bcanton\">Manitoba<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>1,006 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">12\/30<\/span>997 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">03\/21<\/span>997 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Canadian Joint Air Training Centre<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">Auster AOP.6<\/a>, Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Sikorsky H-5, Bell 47, Fairchild C-119, Canadair T-33 Silver Star<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Army Aviation Tactical Training School<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Basic Helicopter Training Unit<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky H-5, Bell 47, Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 1 Transport Helicopter Platoon<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Piasecki H-21A, Vertol CH-113A Voyageur<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Canadian Parachute Training Centre<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Douglas Dakota, Fairchild C-119<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-soest\" data-base=\"soest\" data-x=\"closed closed 4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group, later 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Soest &mdash; 4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group<span class=\"bcanton\">North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 1 Air Observation Post Troop<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Canadian Armoured Corps Helicopter Troop<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-werl\" data-base=\"werl\" data-x=\"closed closed 4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group support units \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Werl &mdash; Canadian Army garrison<span class=\"bcanton\">North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1971<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">4 Canadian Infantry Brigade Group support units<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-rockcliffe\" data-base=\"rockcliffe\" data-x=\"closed closed RCAF Station Rockcliffe \" class=\"was\">\n<td>RCAF Station Rockcliffe<span class=\"bcanton\">Ontario<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">CYRO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1964<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>1,006 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Air Force Headquarters Practice Flight<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-gilze-rijen\" data-base=\"gilze-rijen\" data-x=\"closed closed First Canadian Army, through No. 84 Group, Second Tactical Air Force \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Gilze-Rijen (B.77) and the Dutch landing grounds<span class=\"bcanton\">North Brabant, the Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EHGR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1945<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">10\/28<\/span>2,750 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 664 (Air Observation Post) Squadron RCAF<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Taylorcraft Auster Mk IV, Taylorcraft Auster Mk V<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 665 (Air Observation Post) Squadron RCAF<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Taylorcraft Auster Mk V<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">No. 666 (Air Observation Post) Squadron RCAF<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Taylorcraft Auster Mk V<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by station as they stood in the 1950s and 1960s, in grey because none of them is a naval or army unit any more. <span class=\"imp\">Canadian naval squadrons carried Royal Navy 800-series numbers until 1 May 1951, then Canadian ones, then American-style prefixes from November 1952: 803 became 870 became VF 870, and 825 became 880 became VS 880. All three names are the same squadron.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nova Scotia closed HMCS Shearwater, Royal Canadian Navy, 1 December 1948 to 1 February 1968\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>HMCS Shearwater (Royal Canadian Naval Air Station Shearwater) &middot; CYAW<\/span><em>HMCS Shearwater, Royal Canadian Navy, 1 December 1948 to 1 February 1968<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Royal Canadian Naval Air Service<small>1918&ndash;1918<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Curtiss HS-2L<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">803 Squadron<small>1946&ndash;1951<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">825 Squadron<small>1946&ndash;1951<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Fairey Firefly FR.I, Fairey Firefly AS.5<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nova Scotia closed Flag Officer Atlantic Coast, later Maritime Command\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>HMC Dockyard Halifax &mdash; the carriers &middot; <\/span><em>Flag Officer Atlantic Coast, later Maritime Command<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> (CVL 22)<small>1957&ndash;1970<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee, de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker, Sikorsky HO4S-3, Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> (CVL 21)<small>1948&ndash;1957<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Fairey Firefly AS.5, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11, Grumman Avenger AS.3<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> (R31)<small>1946&ndash;1948<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Fairey Firefly FR.I, Hawker Sea Fury FB.11<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ontario closed No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight, Royal Canadian Artillery\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Camp Petawawa &middot; CYWA<\/span><em>No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight, Royal Canadian Artillery<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight, RCA<small>1954&ndash;1968<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Auster AOP.6<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Manitoba closed No. 2 Air Observation Post Flight, later Troop, Royal Canadian Artillery\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Camp Shilo &middot; CKM3<\/span><em>No. 2 Air Observation Post Flight, later Troop, Royal Canadian Artillery<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">No. 2 Air Observation Post Flight, RCA<small>1954&ndash;1968<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Auster AOP.6<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"New Brunswick closed 1st and 2nd Regiments, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, air observation post aircraft\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Camp Gagetown &middot; CYCX<\/span><em>1st and 2nd Regiments, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, air observation post aircraft<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Royal Canadian Horse Artillery air observation aircraft<small>1958&ndash;1968<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"British Columbia closed VU 33, Royal Canadian Navy, west coast detachment\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>RCAF Station Patricia Bay &middot; CYYJ<\/span><em>VU 33, Royal Canadian Navy, west coast detachment<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">VU 33<small>1954&ndash;1968<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Grumman Avenger AS.3, Piasecki HUP-3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Canadian Naval and Army Aviation milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>5 September: the Royal Canadian Naval Air Service is authorised, to take over the anti-submarine patrols the United States Navy is flying from Baker Point near Halifax and from North Sydney. Its first cadets go to the US Navy ground school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>5 December: the service is disbanded, four weeks after the Armistice and without having flown an operational sortie of its own. The Air Board takes the stations over. No U-boat was ever found, although 110,000 tons of shipping went down in North American waters in the last two months of the war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>7 September: HMS <em>Nabob<\/em> is commissioned with a Royal Canadian Navy ship&rsquo;s company and Fleet Air Arm aircrew. Lend-Lease rules forbid transferring her to a third navy, so Canada gets the sailors and Britain keeps the ensign.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>22 August: <em>Nabob<\/em> is torpedoed by U-354 in the Barents Sea during the <em>Tirpitz<\/em> strikes, with the loss of twenty-one men. She reaches Scapa Flow under her own power five days later and never sails again.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>9 December: No. 664 (Air Observation Post) Squadron RCAF forms at RAF Andover under Major D. Ely of the Royal Canadian Artillery, the first of three squadrons voted by Parliament for First Canadian Army.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>April: Britain agrees to lend Canada two light fleet carriers, and four Fleet Air Arm squadrons are re-formed with Canadian crews &mdash; 803 and 883 with Seafires, 825 and 826 with Fireflies. The war ends before the ships are finished.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>7 May: B Flight of 665 (AOP) Squadron fires the last Canadian shot of the European war, at Dunkirk, from an Auster.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>9 August: Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray, RCNVR, flying a Corsair of 1841 Squadron from HMS <em>Formidable<\/em>, presses home an attack on shipping in Onagawa Bay and sinks the escort ship <em>Amakusa<\/em>, which goes down with 71 of her crew. His aircraft is hit and crashes into the bay. It is the last Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>24 January: HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> is commissioned at Belfast under Captain Frank Houghton, with 803 and 825 Squadrons embarked. She enters Halifax harbour on 31 March. Canadian naval aviation has begun for the second time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>31 January: an 825 Squadron Firefly is lost with its pilot off Portland Island, British Columbia. <em>Warrior<\/em> is on the Pacific coast because she has no heating and cannot cope with a Canadian Atlantic winter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>21 March: HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> is commissioned. Two days later HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> is handed back to the Royal Navy at Portsmouth: Canada cannot afford two carriers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>1 December: the navy takes over RCAF Station Dartmouth and commissions it as HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em>. It will be the only naval air station Canada ever has.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1949<\/div>\n<p>20 March: thirty-two aircraft handlers aboard <em>Magnificent<\/em> briefly refuse an order to turn to cleaning stations, one of three near-simultaneous incidents in the fleet. Her captain calls it an incident rather than a mutiny, which keeps the men out of court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>1 May: the borrowed Royal Navy squadron numbers are replaced with Canadian ones. 803 becomes 870, 883 becomes 871, 825 becomes 880 and 826 becomes 881. American-style prefixes follow in November 1952: VF 870, VF 871, VS 880, VS 881.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Four Canadian Army pilots begin flying Auster Mk VIs with 1903 Air Observation Post Flight, Royal Air Force, in Korea. Captain Joe Liston is shot down and captured on his twelfth mission in August and spends a year as a prisoner; Captain Peter Tees flies 211 missions and is the last Canadian awarded the Commonwealth Distinguished Flying Cross.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>23 April: Canada authorises 21 million dollars to buy the unfinished hull of HMS <em>Powerful<\/em> from Britain, and about 10 million more to complete her as a modern carrier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>November: No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight at Camp Petawawa and No. 2 at Camp Shilo take the Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, the aeroplane that will define Canadian Army aviation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1955<\/div>\n<p>July: HS 50 forms at Shearwater with the Sikorsky HO4S, the first Canadian helicopter squadron with a combat role.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1955<\/div>\n<p>1 November: VF 870 re-forms with ten McDonnell F2H-3 Banshees under Lieutenant-Commander Robert Falls &mdash; the first and only jet squadron in the Royal Canadian Navy. Thirty-nine aircraft are bought second-hand from the United States Navy for about 25 million dollars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>31 May: the first Canadian-built CS2F Tracker flies at Downsview. All 99 are built to the shorter early airframe so that they will fit in <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s hangar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>10 October: the last fixed-wing flight from HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em>, an Avenger. In December she embarks 406 soldiers, their vehicles, four RCAF Otters and an HO4S helicopter for Port Said and the first United Nations Emergency Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>17 January: HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> is commissioned at Belfast, the only aircraft carrier Canada ever owned outright, with an angled flight deck, steam catapults and a mirror landing aid. She reaches Halifax on 26 June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>16 March: VF 871 is absorbed into VF 870, leaving one Banshee squadron. On 7 July VS 881 merges into VS 880, leaving one Tracker squadron of 24 aircraft and 450 people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>20 December: the Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King is chosen after trials show the competing Kaman HU2K to be substantially heavier than promised. Forty-one are ordered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>April: HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> records her ten-thousandth deck landing, by a Tracker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>12 September: the Banshee is withdrawn without a replacement. Canadian naval fighter aviation ends after seven years; VF 870 disbands on 7 September. <em>Bonaventure<\/em> becomes a pure anti-submarine ship. Two weeks later, on 13 October, <em>Bonaventure<\/em> and the 1st Canadian Escort Squadron are recalled from British waters as the Cuban missile crisis deepens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>27 November: the first operational landing of a production CHSS-2 Sea King on a destroyer deck, aboard HMCS <em>Assiniboine<\/em>, using the Beartrap. It is the moment small-ship helicopter operations become possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>26 March: Paul Hellyer&rsquo;s white paper on defence proposes merging the three services. The post of Chief of the Naval Staff is abolished the same year. There is no carrier replacement in any plan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>30 March: <em>Bonaventure<\/em> lands 95 soldiers of the Royal 22e R&#233;giment, 54 vehicles and 400 tons of stores at Famagusta for the United Nations force in Cyprus, in Operation Snow Goose.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1966<\/div>\n<p>12 July: Rear-Admiral William Landymore, Commander of Maritime Command, refuses to resign over unification and is relieved of command. He resigns on 19 July with effect from 5 April 1967. On 23 February 1967 Hellyer tells the Commons defence committee that Landymore was dismissed for eighteen months of consistent disloyalty, and retracts it four days later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<p>April: the Beartrap enters service, cleared for day and night operations in sea state 6 with 30 degrees of roll and 9 degrees of pitch. August: <em>Bonaventure<\/em> emerges from an eighteen-month mid-life refit that cost more than seventeen million dollars against an estimate of eight or nine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>1 February: the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act takes effect. The Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force cease to exist as separate legal entities. Naval aviation and army aviation are abolished as branches; VU 32 and VU 33 are struck off, and VS 880 and HS 50 carry on as Canadian Armed Forces units under Maritime Command.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>12 December: the last aircraft lands on HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em>. Fixed-wing flying from Canadian ships is over.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>3 July: <em>Bonaventure<\/em> pays off at HMC Dockyard Halifax and is sold for scrap; she is broken up in Taiwan in 1971. Parts of her steam catapult are used to repair HMAS <em>Melbourne<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>2 September: every aircraft in the Canadian Forces is gathered into a new Air Command, restoring a unified air force inside the unified service. It is renamed the Royal Canadian Air Force on 16 August 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Canadian Naval and Army Aviation news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"royal canadian navy\" data-match=\"royal canadian navy|hmcs|bonaventure|magnificent|sea king|ch-124|chss-2|cs2f|tracker|banshee|sea fury|beartrap|air observation post|auster|bird dog|cl-84|dynavert|avro arrow|canadair|canadian army|fleet air arm\" data-reject=\"WestJet|Air Canada|Porter Airlines|Jazz Aviation|Flair Airlines|Canada Jetlines|Air Transat|Sunwing|Canada Goose\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/avro-arrow-engineers-nasa-apollo-diaspora\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph51\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-21\">21 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">How a Dead Canadian Jet Reached the Moon<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">On the morning of 20 February 1959 a factory outside Toronto was building the most advanced interceptor in the Western world. By that afternoon it was building nothing at all.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/canadair-cl-84-dynavert-tiltwing\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph52\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-12\">12 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Canadair CL-84 Dynavert Tilt-Wing Gamble<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">A fat-bodied transport on a Montreal ramp in 1965, its whole wing hinging skyward until the propellers pointed at the clouds.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/the-avro-arrow-canadas-mach-2-dream-destroyed-by-politics\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph53\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-05-14\">14 May 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Avro Arrow: Canada&rsquo;s Mach 2 Dream Destroyed by Politics<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">On the morning of 20 February 1959 workers arrived at Avro Canada&rsquo;s plant in Malton, Ontario, and were handed slips of paper that said one thing: you are dismissed.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/george-beurling-screwball-falcon-of-malta-ace\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph54\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-31\">31 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">George Beurling: The &lsquo;Screwball&rsquo; Ace of Malta<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Canada&rsquo;s highest-scoring fighter pilot of the Second World War, and the most difficult man in any squadron that had him.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Did Canada have aircraft carriers?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, three of them, between 1946 and 1970. HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> was on loan from the Royal Navy from 24 January 1946 to 23 March 1948, HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> from 21 March 1948 to 14 June 1957, and HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> &mdash; the only one Canada owned outright &mdash; from 17 January 1957 to 3 July 1970. All three were British 1942 Design Light Fleet carriers built by Harland &amp; Wolff in Belfast. The last aircraft landed on <em>Bonaventure<\/em> on 12 December 1969, and Canada has had no carrier and no fixed-wing flying from ships since.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Canada still have a naval air arm or an army aviation branch?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Both were abolished on 1 February 1968, when the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force into one service. Everything Canada flies today belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">CH-148 Cyclones<\/a> that go to sea on navy frigates and the CH-147F Chinooks that work for the army at Petawawa. Restoring the three historic service names in 2011 did not restore the separate air arms.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft did the Royal Canadian Navy fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Twenty types between 1946 and 1968. The fighters were the Supermarine Seafire F.XV, the Hawker Sea Fury FB.11 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\">McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/a>. The anti-submarine aircraft were the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Fairey Firefly<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Avenger<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\">CS2F Tracker<\/a>. The helicopters were the Bell HTL, the Piasecki HUP-3, the Sikorsky HO4S and the Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King. Add the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, the Harvard, the Expeditor and the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\">T-33 Silver Star<\/a> for second-line work.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Banshee the only jet Canada flew from a ship?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Thirty-nine second-hand United States Navy F2H-3 Banshees were bought for about 25 million dollars and delivered from November 1955 to VF 870 and VF 871. They flew from HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em> and stood NORAD alert from shore when they were not at sea. Twelve of the thirty-nine were lost in Canadian service. They were withdrawn on 12 September 1962 with no replacement &mdash; a 1964 trial of the A-4 Skyhawk came to nothing on cost &mdash; and no Canadian jet has flown from a ship since.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the Beartrap, and why does it matter?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is a helicopter haul-down and rapid securing device: a winch-driven cable that pulls a hovering helicopter down onto a pitching deck and a trap that locks it there. The Royal Canadian Navy worked it out in the 1950s and 1960s, trialling it first on the frigate HMCS <em>Buckingham<\/em> with an HO4S and then a larger H-34; Fairey Aviation of Canada at Dartmouth engineered the production version, which was fitted to HMCS <em>Assiniboine<\/em> in her 1962&ndash;63 refit. It entered service in April 1967, cleared for day and night use in sea state 6 with 30 degrees of roll and 9 degrees of pitch. Before it, big helicopters could only work from carriers. The United States Navy adopted it as RAST, and the Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy and Japan followed. It is Canada&rsquo;s most widely used contribution to naval aviation.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who was Robert Hampton Gray?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve pilot from Trail, British Columbia, flying a Corsair with 1841 Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm off HMS <em>Formidable<\/em>. On 9 August 1945, hours after the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, he led an attack on shipping in Onagawa Bay and put a 500-pound bomb into the escort ship <em>Amakusa<\/em>, which blew up and sank with 71 of her crew. His aircraft was hit and crashed into the bay. He was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross, gazetted on 13 November 1945 &mdash; the last Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian. He never served in a Canadian squadron: in 1945 there were none to serve in.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why do Canadian naval squadrons have three different names?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because the numbers changed twice. The first four squadrons were Fleet Air Arm units transferred to Canada with HMCS <em>Warrior<\/em> in January 1946 and kept their Royal Navy 800-series numbers. On 1 May 1951 a Commonwealth renumbering gave Canada its own block: 803 became 870, 883 became 871, 825 became 880 and 826 became 881. In November 1952 the navy adopted American-style role prefixes, so they became VF 870, VF 871, VS 880 and VS 881. All three names mean the same squadron. VF is a fighter squadron, VS anti-submarine, VU utility, VT training, VX experimental, VC composite, HS helicopter anti-submarine and HU helicopter utility.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was HMCS Shearwater, and is it the same place as Dartmouth?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, it is the same ground under four different names. The United States Navy built a seaplane station at Baker Point in Eastern Passage, near Dartmouth, in August 1918; it became the Dartmouth Air Station under the Air Board in 1920 and RCAF Station Dartmouth from 1938. The Royal Canadian Navy took it over and commissioned it as HMCS <em>Shearwater<\/em> on 1 December 1948, naming it after a First World War sloop, and it was Canada&rsquo;s only naval air station until 1968. There was never a separate HMCS <em>Dartmouth<\/em> air station. The field is flying today as Shearwater Heliport, home of 12 Wing.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the Canadian Army fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Light aeroplanes and light helicopters, and not many of either. In the Second World War three Air Observation Post squadrons &mdash; 664, 665 and 666 &mdash; flew Auster IVs and Vs over the Dutch and German fronts with Royal Canadian Artillery officers at the controls. After the war came 42 Auster AOP.6 and T.7, then 25 Cessna L-19 Bird Dogs from 1954, 27 Hiller CH-112 Nomads from 1961 and 12 Boeing Vertol CH-113A Voyageurs from 1965. Most of the other aircraft that flew for the army &mdash; Otters, Caribou, C-119 Flying Boxcars, H-21s, T-33s &mdash; belonged to the Royal Canadian Air Force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Canadian Army pilots fight in Korea?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Four of them did, and in borrowed aircraft. From 1952 Canadian Army air observation post pilots were attached to 1903 Air Observation Post Flight of the Royal Air Force, flying British Auster Mk VIs over the Jamestown Line. Captain Joe Liston was shot down and captured on his twelfth mission in August 1952 and was held for a year, released under Operation Big Switch in September 1953. Captain Peter Tees flew 211 missions in a twelve-month tour and was the last Canadian awarded the Commonwealth Distinguished Flying Cross. Two more followed after the armistice and saw little. Canada&rsquo;s carrier stayed out of Korea because HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em> was committed to NATO.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was Rear-Admiral Landymore dismissed?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because he would not sell unification to his officers. Paul Hellyer&rsquo;s white paper of 26 March 1964 proposed merging the three services; the post of Chief of the Naval Staff was abolished that year, and Landymore became the first Commander of Maritime Command in January 1966. He had told Hellyer at a senior officers&rsquo; briefing in November 1964 that he could not accept a plan that meant demolishing the Royal Canadian Navy, and he canvassed his officers. On 12 July 1966 Hellyer asked for his resignation; Landymore refused and was relieved of command on the spot. He resigned on 19 July with effect from 5 April 1967. On 23 February 1967 Hellyer told the Commons defence committee that Landymore had been dismissed for eighteen months of consistent disloyalty, and retracted it four days later.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Canada give up its aircraft carrier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Cost, timing and policy, in that order. The fighters had already gone in 1962 with no replacement, so <em>Bonaventure<\/em> was a single-role anti-submarine ship. Her 1966&ndash;67 mid-life refit at Davie Shipbuilding was cost more than seventeen million dollars and took eighteen months instead of twelve, and was criticised in Parliament. The Trudeau government&rsquo;s defence review of 1968&ndash;69 offered a maritime option built on surveillance and control that had no carrier in it. She paid off on 3 July 1970.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the aircraft after 1968?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">They kept flying under other owners. VS 880&rsquo;s Trackers became CP-121s in July 1970, went ashore when the carrier went, were stripped of anti-submarine gear after Canada declared a 200-mile economic zone in 1973 and flew fisheries and ice patrols until April 1990. HS 50&rsquo;s Sea Kings became CH-124s and served until 2018 &mdash; fifty-five years, longer than the navy that bought them existed. The army&rsquo;s Bird Dogs and Nomads went to Mobile Command and were folded into 444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron at CFB Lahr on 1 October 1972.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where can I see Canadian naval aircraft today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Shearwater Aviation Museum at Shearwater, Nova Scotia, holds the naval aviation collection, including HMCS <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s bell, HMCS <em>Magnificent<\/em>&rsquo;s bell and Banshee 126402. Two more Canadian Banshees survive: 126334 at The Military Museums in Calgary and 126464 at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. <em>Bonaventure<\/em>&rsquo;s port anchor stands in Point Pleasant Park in Halifax as the Bonaventure Anchor Memorial, dedicated in 1973 and carrying 131 names of Canadian naval personnel who died in peacetime between 1948 and 1994.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is this page about a service that still exists?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No, and that is the point of it. This is a historical order of battle, closed on 1 February 1968. The Royal Canadian Navy&rsquo;s air branch and Canadian Army aviation both ceased to exist that day and neither has been re-created. If you want the current Canadian order of battle, that is the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a>, which today owns every military aircraft in Canada.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Royal Canadian Navy pilots fly in Korea?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">One did, on exchange. Lieutenant Joe MacBrien was attached to the United States Navy and flew 66 combat missions from USS <em>Oriskany<\/em>, and was awarded the American Distinguished Flying Cross for a ground-attack mission he led in February 1953. No Canadian carrier and no Canadian naval squadron went to Korea. Canadian Army air observation post officers went, four in all, but they flew British Austers there rather than Canadian ones.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Canada have aircraft carriers?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, three of them, between 1946 and 1970. HMCS Warrior was on loan from the Royal Navy from 24 January 1946 to 23 March 1948, HMCS Magnificent from 21 March 1948 to 14 June 1957, and HMCS Bonaventure \\u2014 the only one Canada owned outright \\u2014 from 17 January 1957 to 3 July 1970. All three were British 1942 Design Light Fleet carriers built by Harland \\u0026 Wolff in Belfast. The last aircraft landed on Bonaventure on 12 December 1969, and Canada has had no carrier and no fixed-wing flying from ships since.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Canada still have a naval air arm or an army aviation branch?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Both were abolished on 1 February 1968, when the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act merged the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force into one service. Everything Canada flies today belongs to the Royal Canadian Air Force, including the CH-148 Cyclones that go to sea on navy frigates and the CH-147F Chinooks that work for the army at Petawawa. Restoring the three historic service names in 2011 did not restore the separate air arms.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft did the Royal Canadian Navy fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Twenty types between 1946 and 1968. The fighters were the Supermarine Seafire F.XV, the Hawker Sea Fury FB.11 and the McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee. The anti-submarine aircraft were the Fairey Firefly, the Grumman Avenger and the CS2F Tracker. The helicopters were the Bell HTL, the Piasecki HUP-3, the Sikorsky HO4S and the Sikorsky CHSS-2 Sea King. Add the Fairey Swordfish, the Harvard, the Expeditor and the T-33 Silver Star for second-line work.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Banshee the only jet Canada flew from a ship?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Thirty-nine second-hand United States Navy F2H-3 Banshees were bought for about 25 million dollars and delivered from November 1955 to VF 870 and VF 871. They flew from HMCS Bonaventure and stood NORAD alert from shore when they were not at sea. Twelve of the thirty-nine were lost in Canadian service. They were withdrawn on 12 September 1962 with no replacement \\u2014 a 1964 trial of the A-4 Skyhawk came to nothing on cost \\u2014 and no Canadian jet has flown from a ship since.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Beartrap, and why does it matter?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is a helicopter haul-down and rapid securing device: a winch-driven cable that pulls a hovering helicopter down onto a pitching deck and a trap that locks it there. The Royal Canadian Navy worked it out in the 1950s and 1960s, trialling it first on the frigate HMCS Buckingham with an HO4S and then a larger H-34; Fairey Aviation of Canada at Dartmouth engineered the production version, which was fitted to HMCS Assiniboine in her 1962\\u201363 refit. It entered service in April 1967, cleared for day and night use in sea state 6 with 30 degrees of roll and 9 degrees of pitch. Before it, big helicopters could only work from carriers. The United States Navy adopted it as RAST, and the Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy and Japan followed. It is Canada\\u2019s most widely used contribution to naval aviation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who was Robert Hampton Gray?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve pilot from Trail, British Columbia, flying a Corsair with 1841 Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm off HMS Formidable. On 9 August 1945, hours after the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, he led an attack on shipping in Onagawa Bay and put a 500-pound bomb into the escort ship Amakusa, which blew up and sank with 71 of her crew. His aircraft was hit and crashed into the bay. He was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross, gazetted on 13 November 1945 \\u2014 the last Victoria Cross awarded to a Canadian. He never served in a Canadian squadron: in 1945 there were none to serve in.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do Canadian naval squadrons have three different names?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the numbers changed twice. The first four squadrons were Fleet Air Arm units transferred to Canada with HMCS Warrior in January 1946 and kept their Royal Navy 800-series numbers. On 1 May 1951 a Commonwealth renumbering gave Canada its own block: 803 became 870, 883 became 871, 825 became 880 and 826 became 881. In November 1952 the navy adopted American-style role prefixes, so they became VF 870, VF 871, VS 880 and VS 881. All three names mean the same squadron. VF is a fighter squadron, VS anti-submarine, VU utility, VT training, VX experimental, VC composite, HS helicopter anti-submarine and HU helicopter utility.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was HMCS Shearwater, and is it the same place as Dartmouth?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, it is the same ground under four different names. The United States Navy built a seaplane station at Baker Point in Eastern Passage, near Dartmouth, in August 1918; it became the Dartmouth Air Station under the Air Board in 1920 and RCAF Station Dartmouth from 1938. The Royal Canadian Navy took it over and commissioned it as HMCS Shearwater on 1 December 1948, naming it after a First World War sloop, and it was Canada\\u2019s only naval air station until 1968. There was never a separate HMCS Dartmouth air station. The field is flying today as Shearwater Heliport, home of 12 Wing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the Canadian Army fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Light aeroplanes and light helicopters, and not many of either. In the Second World War three Air Observation Post squadrons \\u2014 664, 665 and 666 \\u2014 flew Auster IVs and Vs over the Dutch and German fronts with Royal Canadian Artillery officers at the controls. After the war came 42 Auster AOP.6 and T.7, then 25 Cessna L-19 Bird Dogs from 1954, 27 Hiller CH-112 Nomads from 1961 and 12 Boeing Vertol CH-113A Voyageurs from 1965. Most of the other aircraft that flew for the army \\u2014 Otters, Caribou, C-119 Flying Boxcars, H-21s, T-33s \\u2014 belonged to the Royal Canadian Air Force.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Canadian Army pilots fight in Korea?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Four of them did, and in borrowed aircraft. From 1952 Canadian Army air observation post pilots were attached to 1903 Air Observation Post Flight of the Royal Air Force, flying British Auster Mk VIs over the Jamestown Line. Captain Joe Liston was shot down and captured on his twelfth mission in August 1952 and was held for a year, released under Operation Big Switch in September 1953. Captain Peter Tees flew 211 missions in a twelve-month tour and was the last Canadian awarded the Commonwealth Distinguished Flying Cross. Two more followed after the armistice and saw little. Canada\\u2019s carrier stayed out of Korea because HMCS Magnificent was committed to NATO.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was Rear-Admiral Landymore dismissed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because he would not sell unification to his officers. Paul Hellyer\\u2019s white paper of 26 March 1964 proposed merging the three services; the post of Chief of the Naval Staff was abolished that year, and Landymore became the first Commander of Maritime Command in January 1966. He had told Hellyer at a senior officers\\u2019 briefing in November 1964 that he could not accept a plan that meant demolishing the Royal Canadian Navy, and he canvassed his officers. On 12 July 1966 Hellyer asked for his resignation; Landymore refused and was relieved of command on the spot. He resigned on 19 July with effect from 5 April 1967. On 23 February 1967 Hellyer told the Commons defence committee that Landymore had been dismissed for eighteen months of consistent disloyalty, and retracted it four days later.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Canada give up its aircraft carrier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Cost, timing and policy, in that order. The fighters had already gone in 1962 with no replacement, so Bonaventure was a single-role anti-submarine ship. Her 1966\\u201367 mid-life refit at Davie Shipbuilding was cost more than seventeen million dollars and took eighteen months instead of twelve, and was criticised in Parliament. The Trudeau government\\u2019s defence review of 1968\\u201369 offered a maritime option built on surveillance and control that had no carrier in it. She paid off on 3 July 1970.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the aircraft after 1968?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"They kept flying under other owners. VS 880\\u2019s Trackers became CP-121s in July 1970, went ashore when the carrier went, were stripped of anti-submarine gear after Canada declared a 200-mile economic zone in 1973 and flew fisheries and ice patrols until April 1990. HS 50\\u2019s Sea Kings became CH-124s and served until 2018 \\u2014 fifty-five years, longer than the navy that bought them existed. The army\\u2019s Bird Dogs and Nomads went to Mobile Command and were folded into 444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron at CFB Lahr on 1 October 1972.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where can I see Canadian naval aircraft today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Shearwater Aviation Museum at Shearwater, Nova Scotia, holds the naval aviation collection, including HMCS Bonaventure\\u2019s bell, HMCS Magnificent\\u2019s bell and Banshee 126402. Two more Canadian Banshees survive: 126334 at The Military Museums in Calgary and 126464 at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa. Bonaventure\\u2019s port anchor stands in Point Pleasant Park in Halifax as the Bonaventure Anchor Memorial, dedicated in 1973 and carrying 131 names of Canadian naval personnel who died in peacetime between 1948 and 1994.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is this page about a service that still exists?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, and that is the point of it. This is a historical order of battle, closed on 1 February 1968. The Royal Canadian Navy\\u2019s air branch and Canadian Army aviation both ceased to exist that day and neither has been re-created. If you want the current Canadian order of battle, that is the Royal Canadian Air Force, which today owns every military aircraft in Canada.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Royal Canadian Navy pilots fly in Korea?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"One did, on exchange. Lieutenant Joe MacBrien was attached to the United States Navy and flew 66 combat missions from USS Oriskany, and was awarded the American Distinguished Flying Cross for a ground-attack mission he led in February 1953. No Canadian carrier and no Canadian naval squadron went to Korea. Canadian Army air observation post officers went, four in all, but they flew British Austers there rather than Canadian ones.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Canadian Naval and Army Aviation flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Canada CS2F-3 Tracker<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1966&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair T-33 Silver Star<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair T-33 Silver Star, army co-operation<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1953&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\"><span class=\"im ph17\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Bell CH-118 Iroquois<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1968&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\"><span class=\"im ph18\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Canada CS2F Tracker COD<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1964&ndash;1968<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\"><span class=\"im ph19\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>de Havilland Canada CS2F-2 Tracker<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1960&ndash;1967<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f2h-banshee\/\"><span class=\"im ph28\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1962<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\"><span class=\"im ph29\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Grumman Avenger AS.3 (TBM-3E)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1950&ndash;1960<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/grumman-s-2-tracker\/\"><span class=\"im ph30\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Grumman CS2F-1 Tracker<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1957&ndash;1960<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\"><span class=\"im ph32\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Grumman Avenger AEW Mk 3W2<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1955&ndash;1959<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\"><span class=\"im ph38\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Fairey Firefly AS.5<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1946&ndash;1954<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\"><span class=\"im ph41\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Fairey Firefly FR.I and F.I<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1946&ndash;1949<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\"><span class=\"im ph44\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Fairey Swordfish Mk II and Mk III<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1946&ndash;1948<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\"><span class=\"im ph49\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Grumman Avenger, HMS <em>Nabob<\/em><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1944&ndash;1944<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/920-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 920 Composite Squadron<\/a><span>official lineage: authorised as 920 Composite Squadron 1 May 1953, disbanded 20 March 1964, no badge or battle honours recorded<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/921-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 921 Composite Squadron<\/a><span>official lineage: authorised 30 September 1953, disbanded 3 March 1959<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/922-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 922 Composite Squadron<\/a><span>official lineage: authorised 1 December 1953, disbanded 31 March 1964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/923-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 923 Composite Squadron<\/a><span>official lineage: authorised 2 May 1954, disbanded 20 February 1959<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: official lineages, flying squadrons<\/a><span>the index of Canadian official squadron lineages, used to check every squadron number on this page<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/wings\/12-wing\/history.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: 12 Wing Shearwater history<\/a><span>official history: Baker&rsquo;s Point becomes United States Naval Air Station Halifax in August 1918; HMCS Shearwater the birthplace of Canadian naval aviation and home of the naval air squadrons 1948 to 1968; Shearwater becomes a CFB at integration in 1968<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/navy\/services\/history\/ships-histories\/shearwater.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Navy: HMCS Shearwater ship history<\/a><span>the navy&rsquo;s own history of the establishment and the sloop it was named after<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/air-force\/corporate\/squadrons.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: wings and squadrons today<\/a><span>who does the naval and army flying now: 12 Wing Shearwater, 443 Squadron at Patricia Bay, 1 Wing&rsquo;s tactical helicopter squadrons at army bases<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/air-force.canada.ca\/en\/history-heritage\/korean-war\/airmen-airwomen-in-korea.page\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Air Force: Canadian airmen and airwomen in Korea<\/a><span>official account of Canadian flying in Korea, used to check the air observation post attachments<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veterans.gc.ca\/en\/remembrance\/memorials\/national-inventory-canadian-memorials\/details\/6226\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Veterans Affairs Canada: Bonaventure Anchor Memorial<\/a><span>131 names covering 1948 to 1994, 46 added in the 2019 restoration; dedicated 1973 by Rear-Admiral Robert Timbrell; anchor 12 feet tall and about nine tons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veterans.gc.ca\/en\/remembrance\/memorials\/canada\/bonaventure-anchor-memorial\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Veterans Affairs Canada: Bonaventure Anchor Memorial, Canada<\/a><span>the inscription and the dedication to naval personnel who died in peacetime<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veterans.gc.ca\/en\/remembrance\/military-history\/peacekeeping\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Veterans Affairs Canada: Canada and international peacekeeping<\/a><span>background on the United Nations operations Canadian carriers and aircraft supported, including UNEF in 1956 and Cyprus in 1964<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220531090431\/https:\/\/www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca\/assets\/AIRFORCE_Internet\/docs\/en\/cf-aerospace-warfare-centre\/elibrary\/journal\/2013-vol2-iss4-05-seasprites-to-sea-king.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Royal Canadian Air Force Journal: Seasprite to Sea King &mdash; the RCN&rsquo;s shipborne antisubmarine helicopter capability<\/a><span>peer-reviewed service account of the destroyer helicopter programme and the haul-down cable problem<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cahf.ca\/royal-canadian-naval-air-branch-1945-1968\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada&rsquo;s Aviation Hall of Fame: Royal Canadian Naval Air Branch, 1945 to 1968<\/a><span>56 aircraft on strength by 1949, the transfer of RCAF Station Dartmouth in 1948, VX 10 credited with developing the haul-down system, disbandment at unification<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jfchalifoux.com\/rcn_squadrons.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">J. F. Chalifoux: Royal Canadian Navy air squadrons<\/a><span>formation and disbandment dates, aircraft and bases for HS 50, HU 21, VT 40, VU 32, VU 33, VX 10 and the VC squadrons. An enthusiast compilation; where it disagrees with the Directorate of History and Heritage we have used the official lineage<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/militarybruce.com\/sailors-with-wings-the-royal-canadian-naval-air-service-the-fleet-arm\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Military History: Sailors with wings &mdash; the rise and fall of the Royal Canadian Navy&rsquo;s Fleet Air Arm<\/a><span>carrier dates, the 1950 purchase of 75 Avengers, the Banshee acquisition, RCAF Station Debert attached to Shearwater in 1960<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/militarybruce.com\/going-down-with-the-ship-the-principled-sacrifice-of-rear-admiral-william-landymore\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Military History: Going down with the ship &mdash; the principled sacrifice of Rear-Admiral William Landymore<\/a><span>the sequence of the affair: the November 1964 briefing, the canvass of officers in 1965, the altered June 1966 testimony, the dismissal of 12 July 1966 and Hellyer&rsquo;s retracted disloyalty charge of 23 February 1967<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/militarybruce.com\/abandoned-canadian-military-bases\/abandoned-bases\/outside-canada\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Military History: abandoned Canadian bases outside Canada<\/a><span>the Canadian stations in Germany and France with opening and closing dates<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/baor-locations.org\/home-3\/canadian-infantry-brigade\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BAOR Locations: Canadian Infantry Brigade<\/a><span>the Canadian camps in Germany by town and unit, 1951 to 1971: Fort Henry and Fort York at Soest, Fort Victoria, Fort St Anne and Fort St Louis at Werl, Fort Prince of Wales and Fort MacLeod at Hemer, Fort Beausejour at Iserlohn<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vanguardcanada.com\/sea-sky-65-years-naval-aviation\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vanguard: From sea to sky &mdash; 65 years of naval aviation<\/a><span>the Royal Canadian Naval Air Service authorised 5 September 1918 and disbanded 5 December 1918, HMCS Shearwater commissioned 1 December 1948, 125 Avengers, 39 Banshees from November 1955, 100 CS2F Trackers, 41 Sea Kings from May 1963<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/silverhawkauthor.com\/post\/canadian-warplanes-5-cessna-l-19-bird-dog\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; Cessna L-19 Bird Dog<\/a><span>16 L-19A serials 16701 to 16716 and 9 L-19E serials 16717 to 16725; No. 1 Air Observation Post Flight (Type A) (Army Component) RCA renamed 15 February 1957; the move to Germany in March 1960 and to Lahr in 1970; amalgamation into 444 Tactical Helicopter Squadron on 1 October 1972<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silverhawkauthor.com\/post\/canadian-warplanes-4-taylorcraft-auster-mk-iii-iv-and-v-auster-aop-6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; Taylorcraft Auster and Auster AOP.6<\/a><span>42 aircraft on the strength of the three wartime AOP squadrons with five Canadian losses; postwar 36 Auster AOP.6 serials 16651 to 16686 and 6 T.7 serials 16687 to 16692<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silverhawkauthor.com\/post\/canadian-warplanes-5-hawker-sea-fury\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; Hawker Sea Fury, RCN<\/a><span>Canadian Sea Fury serials and squadron allocations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silverhawkauthor.com\/post\/canadian-warplanes-5-supermarine-seafire\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; Supermarine Seafire, RCN<\/a><span>Canadian Seafire Mk XV serials and the loan arrangement with the Royal Navy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/silverhawkauthor.com\/aviation\/canadian-warplanes-9-nova-scotia-cfb-shearwater-aviation-museum\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian warplanes preserved at the Shearwater Aviation Museum<\/a><span>the surviving Canadian naval airframes and what is on display at Shearwater<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/silverhawkauthor.com\/rcaf\/rcaf-rcn-and-canadian-civil-aviation-history-1-jan-1946-31-dec-1950\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: RCAF, RCN and Canadian civil aviation history, 1 January 1946 to 31 December 1950<\/a><span>a dated chronology of the first five years of the naval air branch and of postwar army flying<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rcaf.info\/2024\/11\/09\/cjatc-rivers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RCAF.Info: CJATC Rivers<\/a><span>the Canadian Joint Air Training Centre: formation from No. 1 Airborne Research and Development Centre at Shilo in October 1945, Rivers from April 1947, Joint Air Training Centre from March 1949, about 800 staff half RCAF and half army, 13,000 paratroopers, 5,500 air supply students, six T-33s, four C-119s, the helicopter school converting to the CH-112 in autumn 1961, about 140 army pilots<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caspir.warplane.com\/aircraft\/serial-search\/aircraft-no\/200000973\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Warplane Heritage CASPIR: Cessna Bird Dog<\/a><span>the unit list for the Canadian Bird Dog: No. 1 AOP Flight at Camp Petawawa and No. 2 at Camp Shilo from November 1954, CJATC and the Army Aviation Tactical Training School at Rivers, the RCHA regiments, CEPE at Namao and Uplands, the Air Force Headquarters Practice Flight at Rockcliffe, and service with 4 CMBG in Germany 1959 to 1972<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caspir.warplane.com\/asrc\/acn\/200000392\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Warplane Heritage CASPIR: Hiller CH-112 Nomad<\/a><span>serials 10261 to 10287, in service from August 1961, Rivers and the Army Aviation Tactical Training School, the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps Helicopter Troop in Germany from 1962, the last aircraft retired at Lahr on 12 June 1972<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vintagewings.ca\/cessna-l-19a-bird-dog\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Wings of Canada: Cessna L-19A Bird Dog<\/a><span>the career of a single Canadian Bird Dog through CJATC, the Light Aircraft School, the Army Aviation Tactical Training School, 3rd Regiment RCHA at Shilo and 4 CMBG in Germany. It gives 29 aircraft where the serial lists give 25, which is why this page reports the discrepancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kva27.ca\/canadian-airmen--airwomen-in-the-korean-war.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Korea Veterans Association Unit 27: Canadian airmen and airwomen in the Korean War<\/a><span>the Canadian Army air observation post pilots with 1903 AOP Flight RAF from 1952, Captain Joe Liston shot down and held prisoner, Captain Peter Tees and his 211 missions, and Lieutenant Joe MacBrien RCN on exchange in USS Oriskany<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/studyofcanada.ca\/so-long-bonnie-the-decommissioning-of-hmcs-bonaventure-and-canadas-role-in-anti-submarine-warfare\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laurier Centre for the Study of Canada: So Long Bonnie &mdash; the decommissioning of HMCS Bonaventure<\/a><span>the refit estimated at 9 million dollars and billed at over 17 million, the Public Accounts Committee criticism, Captain Lynch&rsquo;s view that the navy rushed the schedule, and the 1968&ndash;69 defence review option that had no carrier in it<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hamiltonnaval.ca\/naval-air-vc-920\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hamilton Naval Association: Naval Air VC 920<\/a><span>the five naval air reserve squadrons and their divisions: VC 920 at HMCS York with a detachment at HMCS Star, VC 921 at HMCS Cataraqui, VC 922 at HMCS Malahat, VC 923 at HMCS Montcalm, VC 924 at HMCS Tecumseh; VC 920&rsquo;s three Avengers, two Harvards and one Expeditor<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-forces-in-europe-during-the-cold-war\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Canadian Encyclopedia: Canadian Forces in Europe during the Cold War<\/a><span>the shape and dates of the Canadian army and air force commitment in Germany<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canadashistory.ca\/explore\/military-war\/revolt-of-the-admirals\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada&rsquo;s History: Revolt of the Admirals<\/a><span>the Canadian naval officers&rsquo; resistance to unification in 1966 and its consequences<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usni.org\/magazines\/proceedings\/1967\/august\/unification-canada-fait-accompli\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US Naval Institute Proceedings, August 1967: Unification in Canada &mdash; fait accompli<\/a><span>a contemporary outside assessment of what unification meant, written while it was happening<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rusiviccda.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/The_Navy_Speaks_Out-A_Reflection_on_Oral_History_Regarding_the_Canadian_Forces_Unification_.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">RUSI Vancouver: The Navy Speaks Out &mdash; oral history on Canadian Forces unification<\/a><span>recorded recollections of serving officers on what unification did to the navy and its air branch<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140313012939\/http:\/\/readyayeready.com\/timeline\/1960s\/beartrap\/index.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Crowsnest, March&ndash;April 1965: The Beartrap &mdash; a Canadian invention<\/a><span>the navy&rsquo;s own magazine on the development: the Buckingham trials with an HO4S and then an H-34, the Fairey Aviation of Canada redesign, the Assiniboine installation, the CHSS-2 trials from late 1963, and the five-minute recovery cycle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skiesmag.com\/news\/canadian-innovation-on-display-the-beartrap\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Skies Magazine: Canadian innovation on display &mdash; the Beartrap<\/a><span>an accessible account of the device and its adoption abroad<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/content\/dam\/lockheed-martin\/rms\/photo\/cyclone\/CycloneGoesToSea-AHS1.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vertiflite, May&ndash;June 2016: The CH-148 Cyclone heads out to sea<\/a><span>the Beartrap entering RCN service in April 1967 and its clearance limits, and the continuity from CH-124 to CH-148<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/readyayeready.com\/biographies\/rear-admiral-bill-landymore\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ReadyAyeReady: Rear-Admiral Bill Landymore<\/a><span>a naval biography of Landymore used to cross-check the dates of his commands and his departure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/nova-scotia\/bonaventure-anchor-memorial-to-finally-get-repair-upgrades-1.4572297\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CBC News: memorial anchor in Halifax park undergoing repairs<\/a><span>the condition and restoration of the Bonaventure Anchor Memorial and what it commemorates<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cmea-agmc.ca\/engineers-repair-bonaventure-memorial\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Military Engineers Association: engineers repair the Bonaventure memorial<\/a><span>the 2019 restoration and re-dedication of the anchor memorial<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.warmuseum.ca\/articles\/canadas-air-force-in-war-and-peace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian War Museum: Canada&rsquo;s air force in war and peace<\/a><span>national museum overview used to cross-check the institutional history around unification<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070804181132\/http:\/\/www.fleetairarmarchive.net\/Ships\/POWERFUL.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fleet Air Arm Archive: HMS Powerful<\/a><span>the British construction record of the hull that became HMCS Bonaventure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/data\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: aerodrome database<\/a><span>used only for the Shilo heliport position, CKM3 at 49.7999 north, 99.6333 west, elevation 1,225 feet. Stated because it is an open database and not a Canadian government aeronautical publication<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.navcanada.ca\/en\/aeronautical-information\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NAV CANADA: aeronautical information products<\/a><span>the authoritative source for Canadian aerodrome data. It is named here because the coordinates, elevations and runway figures on this page were taken from encyclopedia infoboxes, an open aerodrome database and an earlier verified MiGFlug dataset rather than from the Canada Flight Supplement, and most of these fields are historical and no longer published at all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unairpower.net\/chapter-3-a-fine-line-use-of-force-the-cold-war-and-canadars-air-support-for-the-un-organization-in-the-congo\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Air Power: Wings for Peace &mdash; Canada&rsquo;s air support for the UN Organization in the Congo<\/a><span>used to establish that Canada&rsquo;s United Nations air support in the 1960s was flown by the Royal Canadian Air Force and not by army or naval aviation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shearwater Aviation Museum<\/a><span>the museum that holds the Canadian naval aviation collection, including Bonaventure&rsquo;s bell, Magnificent&rsquo;s bell and Banshee 126402<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ingeniumcanada.org\/aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canada Aviation and Space Museum: collection<\/a><span>holds Banshee 126464 and the national aviation collection in the hangars of the former RCAF Station Rockcliffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themilitarymuseums.ca\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Military Museums, Calgary<\/a><span>holds Banshee 126334, one of the three surviving Canadian airframes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kva27.ca\/canadian-airmen--airwomen-in-the-korean-war.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Korea Veterans Association: Canadian airmen and airwomen in the Korean War<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caspir.warplane.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Aviation Serial Photo and Information Resource (CASPIR), Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/880-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 880 Squadron lineage<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/services\/military-history\/history-heritage\/official-military-history-lineages\/lineages\/list-flying-squadrons\/924-squadron.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorate of History and Heritage: 924 Squadron lineage<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/silverhawkauthor.com\/aviation\/canadian-warplanes-6-mcdonnell-f2h-3-banshee\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silverhawkauthor.com\/post\/canadian-warplanes-7-sikorsky-h-19-and-ho4s-3-sea-horse-helicopter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SilverHawkAuthor: Canadian Warplanes &mdash; Sikorsky H-19 and HO4S-3<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jfchalifoux.com\/rcn_squadrons.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Canadian Navy squadrons reference list<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-21. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Vladimir Ondryas \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.5) &middot; Photo: Aeroprints.com \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Royal Navy official photographer \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: TMWolf \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Balcer \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Oren Rozen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Hugh Llewelyn from Keynsham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Stefan Krause \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Greg Goebel from Loveland CO, USA \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Balcer \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.5) &middot; Photo: Andre Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: MC1 Byron C. Linder, U.S. Navy \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Andrew Thomas from Shrewsbury, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: ZLEA \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Tibboh \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Robert Frola \/ Wikimedia Commons (GFDL) &middot; Photo: Chris Light \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Ringwayobserver \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: FellowWikiNews \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.5 ca) &middot; Photo: Alec Wilson from Khon Kaen, Thailand \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Daderot \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: JustSomePics \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: U.S. Navy \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Ken Fielding \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: FotoSleuth \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Mike McBey \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Unknown author \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Jakub Halun \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Pseudopanax \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Bill Larkins \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ca-hero-canadian-naval-and-army-aviation.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ca-t-182.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ca-t-181.jpg)!important}#mfam 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