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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Volkel Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Vliegbasis Volkel<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (two F-35A squadrons; 313 Squadron converted to the F-35 here in 2022)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>EHVK<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3,024 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1940<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Staff Sgt. Allison Payne \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Province<\/b>North Brabant (Noord-Brabant)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>22 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>51.6572 N, 5.7078 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Volkel Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Volkel, in the east of North Brabant, began as a German field: in August 1940 the occupiers laid three unpaved runways, and from August 1943 the Luftwaffe used it permanently. After Operation Market Garden opened on 17 September 1944 the Allies took the airfield over and used it as a landing ground until September 1945. At the end of 1946 it became a training camp.<\/p>\n<p>In 1951 Volkel was designated the Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis, the first tactical air base, and four flying squadrons, 327, 328, 311 and 312, were formed there in 1951&ndash;1952. 313 Squadron was also officially formed at Volkel in 1952, on the T-33, before making its home at Twenthe. A photo reconnaissance squadron, 306, followed in 1953. The Starfighter arrived in 1965 and the F-16 in 1982, and between 1982 and 1986 every Volkel squadron converted to it.<\/p>\n<p>Volkel is now the second Dutch F-35 base. 313 Squadron, which came back from Twenthe in December 2005, converted to the F-35 in 2022 &mdash; the ministry calls it the first Dutch F-35 squadron, although 322 Squadron at Leeuwarden declared initial operational capability on the type in December 2021 &mdash; and 312 Squadron followed when the F-16 left in September 2024. With Leeuwarden, Volkel keeps fighters on quick-reaction alert for Benelux airspace, a task shared with Belgium since 1 January 2017. It is also the Dutch base associated with NATO nuclear sharing: a US Air Force munitions support squadron is reported to be stationed here. The government neither confirms nor denies that US weapons are stored at Volkel, but it acknowledges the task: in January 2014 the Ministry of Defence told Parliament that the nuclear task was a NATO commitment, and on 1 June 2024 it announced that the F-35 had taken over the nuclear role from the F-16.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Volkel from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Volkel Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>2 runways, the longest 3,027 m.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Volkel Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.65354,51.64157,5.76212,51.67285\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.65679,51.63610,5.75887,51.67832\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.68263,51.64157,5.73303,51.67285\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Let it go to new owners and a new purpose. Today will be a goodbye, but not the end. We need to clean up and finish up to make sure that the next user has good jets and effective jets to work with.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Lieutenant Colonel Patrick &ldquo;Naish&rdquo; Vreeburg<\/b><span>Commander of 312 Squadron, on the day the Dutch F-16 was retired at Volkel, 27 September 2024<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twz.com\/air\/last-viper-commander-dutch-squadron-boss-on-todays-retirement-of-the-f-16\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The War Zone<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>We need to do this because it helps us make sure that our nuclear deterrent remains as credible, safe, secure, and effective as possible.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Mark Rutte<\/b><span>NATO Secretary General, announcing Steadfast Noon 2025, hosted by the Netherlands with Volkel as its main base<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/news-and-events\/articles\/news\/2025\/10\/13\/natos-annual-nuclear-exercise-steadfast-noon-begins\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Volkel Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>EHVK<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Netherlands<\/dd>\n<dt>Province<\/dt>\n<dd>North Brabant<span class=\"gnote\">Noord-Brabant<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>51.6572 N, 5.7078 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>22 m <span class=\"imp\">(72 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>06L\/24R<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>3,024 m <span class=\"imp\">(9,921 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Tarmac\/concrete<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator 2<\/dt>\n<dd>06R\/24L<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>3,027 m <span class=\"imp\">(9,931 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Tarmac\/concrete<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Benelux QRA, shared with Belgium since 1 January 2017 and rotated between Leeuwarden and Volkel<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">two F-35A squadrons; 313 Squadron converted to the F-35 here in 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1940<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>3 current, 4 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Volkel Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>3 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>312 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1951<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>313 Squadron<small>Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2005<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>703rd Munitions Support Squadron (US Air Force)<small>Munitions support squadron &middot; allied<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">327 Squadron<small>1951&ndash; &middot; One of the four flying squadrons of the Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis set up at Volkel in 1951&ndash;1952. Its later history and disbandment date are UNVERIFIED.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">328 Squadron<small>1951&ndash; &middot; One of the four flying squadrons of the Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis set up at Volkel in 1951&ndash;1952. Its later history and disbandment date are UNVERIFIED.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">311 Squadron<small>1951&ndash; &middot; One of the four flying squadrons of the Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis set up at Volkel in 1951&ndash;1952. Types by period and disbandment date are UNVERIFIED.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron<small>1953&ndash; &middot; Formed at Volkel in 1953 as 306 Fotoverkenningssquadron. The same number was revived in 2018 for the MQ-9 squadron at Leeuwarden.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Volkel is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The Dutch base in NATO&rsquo;s nuclear sharing<\/h3>\n<p>Volkel is the Dutch air base named in NATO nuclear-sharing reporting. The government neither confirms nor denies that US bombs are stored there, but two former prime ministers and a NATO parliamentary draft have said so.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Former prime minister Ruud Lubbers spoke of 22 US nuclear bombs at Volkel in June 2013; the Federation of American Scientists estimated 10&ndash;15 in 2023, in 11 shelter vaults.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Where the Dutch F-16 story ended<\/h3>\n<p>The Netherlands flew the F-16 for 45 years, and the last squadron to operate it was Volkel&rsquo;s 312 Squadron. Its final formation flight left Volkel the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The last Dutch F-16s flew their farewell on 27 September 2024, closing an era in which Fokker built 213 F-16s for the Netherlands.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>First Dutch F-35 squadron<\/h3>\n<p>The tiger squadron, 313, moved to Volkel from Twenthe in 2005 and in 2022 became the first Dutch squadron to fly the F-35. In September 2025 one of its jets earned a kill marking over Poland.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">On the night of 9&ndash;10 September 2025 Dutch F-35As deployed to Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny engaged Russian drones over Poland; an F-35A of 313 Squadron carries a kill marking for it.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>A Tempest wing in the front line<\/h3>\n<p>After Market Garden the RAF moved in and turned the wrecked Luftwaffe field into Advanced Landing Ground B.80. Its Hawker Tempests flew low-level fighter sweeps over Germany until the end of the war.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">From 1 October 1944 No. 122 Wing, with five Tempest squadrons, was based at Volkel; the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s New Year&rsquo;s Day raid of 1945 never found the airfield.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Host of NATO&rsquo;s nuclear exercise<\/h3>\n<p>In 2025 the Netherlands hosted Steadfast Noon, NATO&rsquo;s annual nuclear deterrence exercise, with Volkel as its focus. No live weapons are used.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About 70 aircraft from 14 allied nations and roughly 2,000 personnel took part from 13 October 2025.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>The first tactical air base<\/h3>\n<p>When NATO rearmed in the 1950s, Volkel became the Netherlands&rsquo; &ldquo;Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis&rdquo;, the first tactical air base, with fighter-bombers supplied under US aid.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Four flying squadrons (327, 328, 311 and 312) formed here in 1951&ndash;1952, and 312 Squadron alone received 25 Thunderjets in 1952.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>From Nachtlandeplatz to Advanced Landing Ground B.80<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Volkel is a child of the German occupation. According to the Ministry of Defence&rsquo;s own history of the base, in August 1940 the occupying forces laid three unpaved runways and a few hangars on the heathland east of Uden. At first the Luftwaffe used the field only as a diversion airfield for night operations flown from Gilze-Rijen and Eindhoven; English-language histories call it Nachtlandeplatz Volkel. From August 1943 it became a permanent German installation, Fliegerhorst Volkel, and Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of German records lists night fighters, Bf 109 units and later Me 262 jets and Ar 234 jet bombers on the field.<\/p>\n<p>The war came to Volkel in September 1944. Allied bombing in support of Operation Market Garden, which opened on 17 September, wrecked the airfield, and once the ground forces had pushed through, the Allies took it over. The Royal Air Force made it Advanced Landing Ground B.80, and from 1 October 1944 it housed No. 122 Wing of the Second Tactical Air Force: 3, 56, 80, 274 and 486 (New Zealand) Squadrons, all flying the Hawker Tempest V. The French ace Pierre Clostermann, a flight commander in the wing, later described operations from Volkel in early 1945 in his memoir The Big Show.<\/p>\n<p>On 1 January 1945 the Luftwaffe launched Operation Bodenplatte, a mass dawn attack on Allied airfields in the Low Countries. Volkel was the target of Jagdgeschwader 6, but according to the standard account all four of its groups failed to find the airfield; some pilots mistook the strip at Heesch for it, and one group attacked Eindhoven instead. Volkel&rsquo;s Tempests were left untouched, while JG 6 lost 16 pilots killed or missing and seven captured. The Allies kept using the field until September 1945; at the end of 1946 it became a training camp where Dutch marines prepared for service in the East Indies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The first tactical air base: Thunderjets to Starfighters<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The post-war air force had to be built almost from scratch. In 1951 the government designated Volkel the Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis, the first tactical air base in the Netherlands, and between 1951 and 1952 four flying squadrons were set up there: 327, 328, 311 and 312. Squadrons 327 and 328 later moved away, and in 1953 306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron was formed at Volkel. The official histories do not give the dates on which 327 and 328 left, and those remain unconfirmed here.<\/p>\n<p>The aircraft came from the American aid programme. 312 Squadron, formed in 1951, received 25 Republic F-84G Thunderjets in 1952 and converted to the swept-wing F-84F Thunderstreak in 1956; the base also flew the T-33 T-Bird. The ministry notes that 313 Squadron was also officially formed at Volkel in 1952, on the T-33, having grown out of the flying school at Twenthe, before making its home at Twenthe for most of the next half century.<\/p>\n<p>In October 1965 the Lockheed F-104G Starfighter arrived, the first Dutch fighter able to fly faster than sound, and by early 1966 it had replaced 312 Squadron&rsquo;s Thunderstreaks. The nuclear strike role for which Volkel is now best known dates from this period: Wikipedia, citing a book by the former pilot Steve Netto, says about 50 B28 bombs were stored here around the Cuban Missile Crisis, a figure not officially confirmed. In the 1970s, according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s account of the base, 32 hardened aircraft shelters were built, turning the open 1950s airfield into a dispersed Cold War base designed to survive a first strike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Four decades of the F-16<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Ministry of Defence chose the F-16 in 1975, and the first examples reached Volkel in 1982; between 1982 and 1986 every squadron on the base converted. 312 Squadron received its first F-16 on 27 July 1984. The F-16s were assembled partly by Fokker, and the Netherlands took 213 in all. In the late 1990s the fleet went through the Mid-Life Update, which kept the jets competitive into the 2020s. According to F-16.net, 306 Squadron flew the reconnaissance F-16A(R) until 2002, and 312 Squadron carried the tactical nuclear commitment.<\/p>\n<p>Volkel squadrons flew in the Dutch F-16 deployments of the period, which the Farewell Falcon&rsquo;s tail listed as Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Libya, Iraq, Syria and the Baltics. In December 2005 the tiger squadron, 313, moved in from Twenthe, which was being run down as a fighter base. 311 Squadron did not survive the budget cuts that followed; Wikipedia records it as disbanded in September 2012, a date not confirmed by an official source consulted for this page.<\/p>\n<p>The end came in stages. 313 Squadron gave up its F-16s in 2021, leaving 312 as the last Dutch F-16 unit. On 8 December 2023 it lined up its jets for a readiness exercise; the counts differ, with The Aviationist reporting 16 aircraft lined up, 14 engines started and 13 take-offs, and the Federation of American Scientists 14 on the runway. On 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, 312 Squadron flew the farewell. Twenty-four Dutch F-16s were promised to Ukraine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Nuclear sharing: what is acknowledged, and how<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Dutch governments have for decades followed NATO policy of neither confirming nor denying where US nuclear weapons are stored. What they do acknowledge is the task: in January 2014, replying to a parliamentary motion that sought to keep nuclear weapons off the F-35, the Ministry of Defence stated that the nuclear task could not simply be ended because it was a NATO commitment. On 1 June 2024 the ministry announced that the F-35 had taken over the nuclear role from the F-16, calling NATO&rsquo;s nuclear capability vital for the Alliance and the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p>The location has leaked from other quarters. In June 2013 two former prime ministers spoke openly: Ruud Lubbers, in a television documentary, referred to 22 American nuclear bombs at Volkel, and Dries van Agt told reporters that the weapons were still there. The defence minister, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, declined to comment. In July 2019 NOS reported that a draft report for the NATO Parliamentary Assembly had listed Volkel among six European sites storing about 150 US B61 bombs; the published version replaced the list with a vaguer sentence naming the host countries.<\/p>\n<p>Independent analysts give their own estimates. The Federation of American Scientists counted 22 B61s at Volkel in 2008 and put the figure at 10&ndash;15 in 2023. It describes eleven shelters with underground WS3 vaults, each able to hold up to four bombs, and a US Air Force unit, the 703rd Munitions Support Squadron, that keeps custody of the weapons in peacetime. These are estimates and reports, not official figures; the Dutch government has published none.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Security lapses and public scrutiny<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The secrecy around Volkel has repeatedly been undercut by the security arrangements themselves. In June 2008 a US Air Force Blue Ribbon Review, obtained by the Federation of American Scientists, concluded that most European sites used for storing US nuclear weapons needed significant extra resources to meet Pentagon security requirements; it noted that some host nations used conscripts with as little as nine months of service as guards. The commander of US Air Forces in Europe, General Roger Brady, visited Volkel on 11 June 2008.<\/p>\n<p>In May 2021 the investigative site Bellingcat showed that soldiers guarding nuclear bases had posted study flashcards on public websites. One 70-card set, created in 2019, identified which of Volkel&rsquo;s 11 WS3 vaults were &ldquo;hot&rdquo;, holding weapons, and which were &ldquo;cold&rdquo;: five and six respectively, according to the cards. The Dutch Ministry of Defence told Bellingcat that the information did not affect the security of the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p>Volkel has also drawn attention in smaller ways. In April 2013 The Aviationist reported that the base was hidden on Google&rsquo;s satellite imagery. The same year, the former prime ministers&rsquo; remarks triggered demands in Parliament for more openness, and in 2019 the D66 member Sjoerd Sjoerdsma again called on the cabinet to be transparent about the weapons. None of this has changed official policy, which remains to neither confirm nor deny.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>The F-35 era and Steadfast Noon<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Volkel became the second Dutch F-35 base in 2022, when 313 Squadron converted and became the first Dutch squadron with the Lightning II. 312 Squadron followed in October 2024 after retiring the F-16. Both squadrons are swing-role units, trained for ground attack and air defence, and they share with Leeuwarden the quick-reaction alert that the Netherlands and Belgium have taken turns to provide for the whole Benelux since 1 January 2017.<\/p>\n<p>The new jets have already seen action. From 1 September 2025 Dutch F-35As were deployed to Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny in Poland for NATO air policing, and on the night of 9&ndash;10 September they engaged Russian drones that had crossed into Polish airspace. The Dutch ministry confirmed that the F-35s opened fire but did not say how many drones they destroyed; by the start of October an F-35A of 313 Squadron wore a drone kill marking.<\/p>\n<p>In October 2025 the Netherlands hosted Steadfast Noon, NATO&rsquo;s annual nuclear deterrence exercise, with Volkel as its main base and supporting operations from Kleine-Brogel, RAF Lakenheath and Skrydstrup. NATO said about 70 aircraft from 14 allies and some 2,000 personnel took part, that no live weapons were used, and that the exercise was long planned and not linked to current events. It was the most public statement yet of Volkel&rsquo;s place in NATO&rsquo;s nuclear posture.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Volkel, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>In August the German occupiers lay three unpaved runways and a few hangars; the field serves as a night diversion airfield.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>From August the Luftwaffe uses Volkel as a permanent base, Fliegerhorst Volkel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Bombing in support of Market Garden wrecks the field; from 1 October the RAF&rsquo;s No. 122 Wing flies Tempests from B.80 Volkel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>On 1 January JG 6 fails to find Volkel during Operation Bodenplatte; the Allies leave in September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>At the end of the year Volkel becomes a training camp for marines bound for the East Indies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>Volkel is designated the first tactical air base; 312 Squadron forms, one of four squadrons set up in 1951&ndash;1952.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>312 Squadron receives 25 F-84G Thunderjets; 313 Squadron is officially formed at Volkel on the T-33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron is formed at Volkel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>In October the F-104G Starfighter arrives, replacing the Thunderstreaks by early 1966.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1982<\/div>\n<p>The first F-16s arrive; every Volkel squadron converts by 1986, 312 Squadron from 27 July 1984.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2005<\/div>\n<p>In December 313 Squadron moves from Twenthe to Volkel with its F-16s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p>A US Air Force Blue Ribbon Review finds most European nuclear sites short of US security requirements; General Roger Brady visits Volkel on 11 June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>In June former prime ministers Ruud Lubbers and Dries van Agt speak publicly of US nuclear bombs at Volkel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>From 1 January the Netherlands and Belgium alternate quick-reaction alert for Benelux airspace, rotating between Volkel and Leeuwarden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>In July NOS reports that a NATO Parliamentary Assembly draft named Volkel as a US nuclear weapons site.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>313 Squadron becomes the first Dutch F-35 squadron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>On 1 June the F-35 takes over the nuclear role; on 27 September 312 Squadron flies the last Dutch F-16 farewell.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>Dutch F-35s engage Russian drones over Poland on 9&ndash;10 September; from 13 October Volkel hosts Steadfast Noon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">1 January 1945<\/div>\n<h3>Operation Bodenplatte misses Volkel<\/h3>\n<p>At dawn on New Year&rsquo;s Day the Luftwaffe threw its fighters against Allied airfields in the Low Countries. Jagdgeschwader 6 was ordered to destroy the Tempests at Volkel, with two groups attacking and one flying cover. All four of its groups failed to find the airfield: some pilots took nearby Heesch for Volkel, and one group attacked Eindhoven instead. Volkel escaped with, by one tally, a single aircraft destroyed. JG 6 lost 43 per cent of its strength, with 16 pilots killed or missing and seven captured.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Bodenplatte\">Wikipedia (finding aid), Operation Bodenplatte<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">11 June 2008<\/div>\n<h3>A US review finds nuclear sites short of standard<\/h3>\n<p>A US Air Force Blue Ribbon Review, made public by the Federation of American Scientists in June 2008, concluded that most sites in Europe where US nuclear weapons were deployed needed significant additional resources to meet Department of Defense security requirements. It noted that host-nation security varied by country and that some guards were conscripts with as little as nine months of service. General Roger Brady, the USAFE commander, visited Volkel on 11 June and was shown B61 disablement procedures.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/publication\/usaf-report-most-nuclear-weapon-sites-in-europe-do-not-meet-us-security-requirements\/\">Federation of American Scientists<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">June 2013<\/div>\n<h3>Two former prime ministers break the silence<\/h3>\n<p>In a television documentary, De tijd vliegt, former prime minister Ruud Lubbers indicated that 22 American nuclear bombs were stored at Volkel. Days later another former prime minister, Dries van Agt, told reporters that the weapons were still there and that this was ridiculous. The defence minister, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, declined to comment, citing the policy of not discussing the presence of nuclear weapons, and the government promised Parliament a letter on nuclear policy. NOS later summarised the episode as both men acknowledging about 22 B61 bombs at Volkel.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2013\/06\/14\/nuclear-bombs-volkel-report\/\">The Aviationist; NOS<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">July 2019<\/div>\n<h3>A NATO draft names Volkel<\/h3>\n<p>A draft report for the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, titled &ldquo;A new era for nuclear deterrence? Modernisation, arms control and allied nuclear forces&rdquo;, stated that the United States kept about 150 B61 bombs at six European sites and named them, Volkel among them, alongside Kleine-Brogel, B&#252;chel, Aviano, Ghedi-Torre and Incirlik. After the blunder was reported, the text was changed to a sentence listing only the countries often said to fly nuclear-capable aircraft. NOS reported the episode on 16 July 2019; D66 member of parliament Sjoerd Sjoerdsma called for more cabinet openness.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/nos.nl\/l\/2293723\">NOS<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 May 2021<\/div>\n<h3>Vault secrets on flashcard apps<\/h3>\n<p>Bellingcat reported that US service members had used public flashcard websites to memorise security details for bases holding US nuclear weapons. For Volkel, a 70-card set created in 2019 listed shelter numbers with nuclear vaults and said five of the 11 WS3 vaults were designated &ldquo;hot&rdquo; and six &ldquo;cold&rdquo;. The cards stayed online until Bellingcat contacted the authorities before publication. The Dutch Ministry of Defence said the information did not affect the security of the Netherlands; the US Air Force said it continually reviews its security protocols.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/2021\/05\/28\/us-soldiers-expose-nuclear-weapons-secrets-via-flashcard-apps\/\">Bellingcat<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">8 December 2023<\/div>\n<h3>The last big F-16 line-up<\/h3>\n<p>312 Squadron, then the last Dutch F-16 unit, held a readiness exercise at Volkel and lined its jets up on the runway before a mass take-off. Accounts of the numbers differ. The Aviationist reported 16 F-16AMs lined up, 14 engines started and 13 take-offs; the Federation of American Scientists, which linked such displays to the base&rsquo;s nuclear role and noted a similar event in 2021, counted 14 F-16s on the runway. The base itself remarked that it was probably the last time so many of its F-16s would be ready at once.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2023\/12\/09\/rnlaf-f16-readiness-ex-volkel\/\">The Aviationist; Federation of American Scientists<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">9&ndash;10 September 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Volkel F-35s fire on drones over Poland<\/h3>\n<p>Dutch F-35As on a NATO air-policing deployment at Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny, which began on 1 September 2025, engaged Russian drones that crossed into Polish airspace during the night. The Dutch Ministry of Defence confirmed that its F-35s opened fire but did not say how many drones they destroyed; press reports credit the Dutch jets with most of the kills that night. By 1 October an F-35A of Volkel&rsquo;s 313 Squadron carried a drone kill marking. The precise number shot down by Dutch aircraft remains unconfirmed.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2025\/10\/01\/dutch-f-35-drone-kill-marking\/\">The Aviationist<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">13 October 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Steadfast Noon comes to Volkel<\/h3>\n<p>NATO&rsquo;s annual nuclear deterrence exercise began with the Netherlands as host and Volkel as the main base, with Kleine-Brogel and RAF Lakenheath supporting and conventional aircraft flying from Skrydstrup in Denmark. NATO said about 70 aircraft from 14 allies and around 2,000 personnel took part, including dual-capable fighters and surveillance, tanker and command aircraft. It stressed that no live weapons were used and that the exercise was routine and long planned. Secretary General Mark Rutte announced it the previous Friday.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/news-and-events\/articles\/news\/2025\/10\/13\/natos-annual-nuclear-exercise-steadfast-noon-begins\">NATO<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Volkel Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"eindhoven\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/eindhoven\/\">Eindhoven Air Base<\/a><\/td>\n<td>EHEH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gulfstream G650ER, C-130H \/ C-130H-30 Hercules, Airbus A330 MRTT, F-84G Thunderjet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"gilze-rijen\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/gilze-rijen\/\">Gilze-Rijen Air Base<\/a><\/td>\n<td>EHGR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>CH-47F Chinook, AS532 U2 Cougar, AH-64E Apache, NF-5A\/B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"de-peel\" class=\"was\">\n<td>De Peel Air Base<\/td>\n<td>EHDP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1993<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Volkel Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Where is Volkel Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Volkel lies near Uden in the east of North Brabant, in the south of the Netherlands. Its ICAO code is EHVK. The Dutch military AIP lists two parallel runways, 06L\/24R and 06R\/24L, each just over 3,000 metres long on the aerodrome chart.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What flies from Volkel today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Two F-35A Lightning II squadrons: 312 Squadron, which converted in 2024, and 313 Squadron, the first Dutch F-35 squadron in 2022. 640 Squadron provides security, air traffic control, meteorology and fire services, and 901 Squadron handles logistics and IT. A US Air Force munitions support squadron is also reported to be based there.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are there nuclear weapons at Volkel?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Dutch government neither confirms nor denies it. It does acknowledge the nuclear task: the ministry announced that the F-35 took over the NATO nuclear role from the F-16 on 1 June 2024. Former prime ministers Ruud Lubbers and Dries van Agt spoke of about 22 US B61 bombs at Volkel in 2013, a NATO parliamentary draft named the base in 2019, and the Federation of American Scientists estimated 10&ndash;15 bombs in 2023.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which US unit is at Volkel?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 703rd Munitions Support Squadron of the US Air Force, part of the 52nd Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem, is reported by the Federation of American Scientists and others to keep custody of US nuclear weapons at Volkel in peacetime. It is not a flying unit. Its official factsheet could not be retrieved for this page.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened at Volkel in the Second World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Germans built the airfield in 1940 and used it permanently from 1943. Allied bombing around Market Garden in September 1944 wrecked it, and from 1 October 1944 it became RAF Advanced Landing Ground B.80, home of No. 122 Wing and its Hawker Tempests. On 1 January 1945 a Luftwaffe attack aimed at Volkel failed to find it.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did the F-16 leave Volkel?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">312 Squadron flew the last Dutch F-16 farewell from Volkel on 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, ending 45 years of Dutch F-16 service. 313 Squadron had already given up its F-16s in 2021. Twenty-four Dutch F-16s were promised to Ukraine.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Volkel fly quick-reaction alert?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Since 1 January 2017 the Netherlands and Belgium have taken turns to guard the airspace of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, and the Dutch share of that alert rotates between Volkel and Leeuwarden.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was Steadfast Noon 2025?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was NATO&rsquo;s annual nuclear deterrence exercise, which the Netherlands hosted from 13 October 2025 with Volkel as the main base. NATO said about 70 aircraft from 14 allies and some 2,000 personnel took part, and that no live weapons were used.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Volkel Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (two F-35A squadrons; 313 Squadron converted to the F-35 here in 2022). The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force operates it as Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Volkel Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Volkel Air Base is EHVK. The airfield sits at 22 m above sea level in North Brabant (Noord-Brabant), at 51.6572 N, 5.7078 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Volkel Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Volkel Air Base has 2 runways: 06L\/24R, 3,024 m (9,921 ft), tarmac\/concrete; 06R\/24L, 3,027 m (9,931 ft), tarmac\/concrete.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Volkel Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Volkel Air Base currently hosts 312 Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 313 Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 703rd Munitions Support Squadron (US Air Force) flying the &mdash;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Volkel Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Volkel Air Base has hosted 327 Squadron (1951&ndash;) with the &mdash;; 328 Squadron (1951&ndash;) with the &mdash;; 311 Squadron (1951&ndash;) with the &mdash;; 306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron (1953&ndash;) with the &mdash;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is Volkel Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Volkel lies near Uden in the east of North Brabant, in the south of the Netherlands. Its ICAO code is EHVK. The Dutch military AIP lists two parallel runways, 06L\/24R and 06R\/24L, each just over 3,000 metres long on the aerodrome chart.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What flies from Volkel today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two F-35A Lightning II squadrons: 312 Squadron, which converted in 2024, and 313 Squadron, the first Dutch F-35 squadron in 2022. 640 Squadron provides security, air traffic control, meteorology and fire services, and 901 Squadron handles logistics and IT. A US Air Force munitions support squadron is also reported to be based there.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are there nuclear weapons at Volkel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Dutch government neither confirms nor denies it. It does acknowledge the nuclear task: the ministry announced that the F-35 took over the NATO nuclear role from the F-16 on 1 June 2024. Former prime ministers Ruud Lubbers and Dries van Agt spoke of about 22 US B61 bombs at Volkel in 2013, a NATO parliamentary draft named the base in 2019, and the Federation of American Scientists estimated 10\\u201315 bombs in 2023.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which US unit is at Volkel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 703rd Munitions Support Squadron of the US Air Force, part of the 52nd Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem, is reported by the Federation of American Scientists and others to keep custody of US nuclear weapons at Volkel in peacetime. It is not a flying unit. Its official factsheet could not be retrieved for this page.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened at Volkel in the Second World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Germans built the airfield in 1940 and used it permanently from 1943. Allied bombing around Market Garden in September 1944 wrecked it, and from 1 October 1944 it became RAF Advanced Landing Ground B.80, home of No. 122 Wing and its Hawker Tempests. On 1 January 1945 a Luftwaffe attack aimed at Volkel failed to find it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did the F-16 leave Volkel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"312 Squadron flew the last Dutch F-16 farewell from Volkel on 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, ending 45 years of Dutch F-16 service. 313 Squadron had already given up its F-16s in 2021. Twenty-four Dutch F-16s were promised to Ukraine.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Volkel fly quick-reaction alert?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Since 1 January 2017 the Netherlands and Belgium have taken turns to guard the airspace of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, and the Dutch share of that alert rotates between Volkel and Leeuwarden.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was Steadfast Noon 2025?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was NATO\\u2019s annual nuclear deterrence exercise, which the Netherlands hosted from 13 October 2025 with Volkel as the main base. NATO said about 70 aircraft from 14 allies and some 2,000 personnel took part, and that no live weapons were used.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Volkel Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (two F-35A squadrons; 313 Squadron converted to the F-35 here in 2022). The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force operates it as Air Combat Command, Vliegbasis Volkel.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Volkel Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Volkel Air Base is EHVK. The airfield sits at 22 m above sea level in North Brabant (Noord-Brabant), at 51.6572 N, 5.7078 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Volkel Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Volkel Air Base has 2 runways: 06L\/24R, 3,024 m (9,921 ft), tarmac\/concrete; 06R\/24L, 3,027 m (9,931 ft), tarmac\/concrete.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Volkel Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Volkel Air Base currently hosts 312 Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 313 Squadron flying the F-35A Lightning II; 703rd Munitions Support Squadron (US Air Force) flying the \\u2014.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Volkel Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Volkel Air Base has hosted 327 Squadron (1951\\u2013) with the \\u2014; 328 Squadron (1951\\u2013) with the \\u2014; 311 Squadron (1951\\u2013) with the \\u2014; 306 Photo Reconnaissance Squadron (1953\\u2013) with the \\u2014.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Volkel Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-35A Lightning II<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-35A Lightning II story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/english.defensie.nl\/site\/binaries\/site-content\/collections\/documents\/2026\/07\/24\/milaip-09-26-part-3-ad2\/milaip-09-2026split-ad-deel-2-lw-vk-wo.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MilAIP Netherlands 09\/26, AD part 2 &mdash; Defensie<\/a><span>Leeuwarden, Volkel and Woensdrecht aerodrome data<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Volkel, geschiedenis<\/a><span>German runways August 1940; Market Garden 1944; Eerste Tactische Vliegbasis 1951; 327, 328, 311, 312 Squadrons; 306 in 1953; F-104 1965; F-16 1982-86; 313 first F-35 squadron 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/volkel\/squadrons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Volkel, squadrons<\/a><span>312 (1951; F-16 1984 to September 2024, now F-35) and 313 (1952; F-16 1988-2021, F-35 since 2022; moved from Twenthe December 2005).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2014\/01\/17\/dutch-f-35-goes-nuke\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: Dutch Government says their F-35 fighter jets could carry nuclear weapons (17 January 2014)<\/a><span>Ministry reply to a parliamentary motion: the nuclear task is a NATO commitment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2024\/05\/31\/dutch-f-35-nuclear-role\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: The F-35s Will Take Over The Netherlands&rsquo; Nuclear Role Within NATO Starting Tomorrow (31 May 2024)<\/a><span>Transition on 1 June 2024; Dutch MoD statement on NATO nuclear deterrence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2021\/12\/27\/rnlaf-f-35-ioc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: The Royal Netherlands Air Force has declared its F-35A operational (27 December 2021)<\/a><span>IOC 27 December 2021; 24 delivered; 55 pilots, 262 maintainers; eighth country; Lauderdale quote.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:rAqS.d733\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w4-hero-volkel.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam 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