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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid 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34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Soesterberg Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Vliegbasis Soesterberg<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Closed in 2008; birthplace of Dutch military aviation, now the Nationaal Militair Museum<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1913<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Closed 2008<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Province<\/b>Utrecht<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>52.1295 N, 5.2733 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Soesterberg Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Soesterberg, between Utrecht and Amersfoort, is where the Luchtvaartafdeeling was founded in 1913 and where Dutch military aviation spent most of its first century. Shortly after the capitulation in May 1940 the Germans took the field over as Fliegerhorst Soesterberg, and heavy Heinkel and Dornier bombers flew from it against London.<\/p>\n<p>After the war it became the most American of Dutch bases. US Air Force F-86F Sabres of the 512th Fighter-Day Squadron arrived in October and November 1954, and from 8 September 1955 to 1 July 1994 the 32nd Fighter Squadron, the Wolfhounds, stood NATO air-defence alert from Camp New Amsterdam on the north side, working through the F-86, F-100, F-102, F-4E and F-15. Dutch transport and helicopter squadrons shared the field from September 1968, when they moved in from Ypenburg; 334 Squadron flew its F27s from here until it moved to Eindhoven in May 1992.<\/p>\n<p>Flying ended on 12 November 2008 and the base closed at the end of that year (dates from a secondary source). The Nationaal Militair Museum opened on the site in 2014. No current AIP entry exists for Soesterberg, so no coordinates, elevation or runway data are given here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Soesterberg from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Soesterberg Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>No runway dimensions are recorded for this airfield.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Soesterberg Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.21890,52.11403,5.32765,52.14502\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.22216,52.10861,5.32439,52.15045\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=5.24803,52.11403,5.29852,52.14502\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>It&rsquo;s about time. We&rsquo;ve been waiting for over a year.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Karen Cronister<\/b><span>Airman, 32nd Tactical Fighter Squadron at Soesterberg, on the release of the American hostages held in Iran, January 1981<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/history\/1981-01-22\/'i-breathed-a-big-sigh-of-relief-...'-1882196.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Stars and Stripes, 22 January 1981<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Soesterberg Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Netherlands<\/dd>\n<dt>Province<\/dt>\n<dd>Utrecht<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>52.1295 N, 5.2733 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Closed in 2008; birthplace of Dutch military aviation, now the Nationaal Militair Museum<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Closed in 2008; birthplace of Dutch military aviation, now the Nationaal Militair Museum<\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1913<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>2008<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>Last major units: 334 Squadron<span class=\"gnote\">to 1992) and the US Air Force 32nd Fighter Squadron (to 1994<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>0 current, 4 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>0<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Soesterberg Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>0 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">No flying units stationed here today<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Luchtvaartafdeeling<small>1913&ndash;1940 &middot; The army&rsquo;s aviation department, established at Soesterberg in 1913 when the army bought the airfield; it flew border patrols from here during the First World War. Aircraft types at Soesterberg by period are UNVERIFIED.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">32nd Fighter Squadron, US Air Force (Camp New Amsterdam)<small>1955&ndash;1994 &middot; Allied unit, not Dutch. The Americans arrived in 1954 with the 512th Fighter-Day Squadron: sources give 6 October 1954 for the first airmen, 1 November for the delivery of 27 F-86Fs and 16 November for the squadron&rsquo;s arrival from RAF Manston. On 8 September 1955 the 512th became the 32nd, which stayed until 1 July 1994, when it moved to Ramstein. Dates from AFHRA lineage data as cited by Wikipedia; the exact years of each type change differ between secondary sources and are left out.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86F Sabre<\/a>, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">334 Squadron<small>1968&ndash;1992 &middot; Arrived from Ypenburg in September 1968 (secondary source) and moved with its F27s from Soesterberg to Eindhoven in May 1992.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Fokker F27 Friendship<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">298 Squadron<small>1968&ndash; &middot; Flew the Alouette III from Soesterberg from 1968 (secondary source). Its move to Gilze-Rijen is not dated here (UNVERIFIED).<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Alouette III<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">F-86F Sabre<\/a>, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle, Fokker F27 Friendship, Alouette III<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Soesterberg is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>Birthplace of Dutch military aviation<\/h3>\n<p>The Dutch army&rsquo;s aviation department was founded here, and the national museum on the site still calls Soesterberg the cradle of the country&rsquo;s military flying.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The Luchtvaartafdeeling was founded at Soesterberg on 1 July 1913 with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A Luftwaffe bomber base<\/h3>\n<p>Taken over in May 1940, the field was rebuilt by the Germans into a major Fliegerhorst from which Heinkel and Dornier bombers attacked England.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">By early 1941 the Germans had laid three concrete runways of 1,700, 1,350 and 1,250 metres and built hangars and shelters for 100 aircraft.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Home of the Wolfhounds<\/h3>\n<p>For four decades an American air-defence squadron stood NATO alert from Camp New Amsterdam on the north side of the field. It was an allied unit, not a Dutch one.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The US Air Force flew five fighter types here in 40 years, from the F-86F Sabre that arrived in November 1954 to the F-15 Eagles that left on 13 January 1994.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>A royal crown on an American badge<\/h3>\n<p>The Dutch government honoured the 32nd Squadron by letting it add the crown and wreath of the House of Orange to its emblem.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The honour was granted in 1959, four years after the squadron was activated at Soesterberg on 8 September 1955.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>The ghost MiG of 1989<\/h3>\n<p>Two Soesterberg F-15s intercepted a Soviet MiG-23 that was flying west across Europe with nobody on board.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The MiG flew about 900 km from Poland on 4 July 1989 before crashing onto a house near Kortrijk in Belgium, killing an 18- or 19-year-old man.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Now a museum and a nature park<\/h3>\n<p>After flying ended, the Nationaal Militair Museum was built in the middle of the airfield and the rest became a park where the runways and shelters remain.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The museum opened on 11 December 2014 and hangs nineteen aircraft and helicopters from the ceiling of its main hall.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>The cradle, 1910&ndash;1940<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Soesterberg began as a private venture on the heath between Utrecht and Amersfoort. According to the Soesterberg Movements history, two car dealers from The Hague, Verwey and Lugard, laid out an airfield there in 1910; the English Wikipedia gives 1911. Both agree the Dutch army took the field over in 1913, and the Nationaal Militair Museum dates the founding of the army&rsquo;s aviation department, the Luchtvaartafdeeling, to 1 July 1913. The museum calls Soesterberg the bakermat, the cradle, of Dutch military aviation.<\/p>\n<p>The start was modest. The Ministry of Defence&rsquo;s own history says Dutch military aviation began in 1913 with one aircraft; secondary sources name it as the Brik, flown by a department of four pilots and joined within months by three French Farman HF.20s. The official history then records a rapid expansion. Soesterberg was the centre of all of it: training, maintenance and the first attempts to turn a handful of fragile biplanes into a military arm.<\/p>\n<p>The Netherlands stayed neutral in the First World War, and Soesterberg flew border patrols rather than combat missions. Foreign aircraft that strayed across the border and landed were impounded; by 1918, according to the Soesterberg Movements history, about 70 of them had ended up on Dutch soil, and serviceable machines were used for training. By 1938 the field was judged too small for a modern air arm, and the decision was taken to build three more military airfields elsewhere in the country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>Fliegerhorst Soesterberg, 1940&ndash;1945<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The sources differ on how the field fell. The Soesterberg Movements history says the Germans bombed the base at the start of the invasion in May 1940; the Luftwaffe airfield study by Henry deZeng says the airfield was taken intact, and the English Wikipedia dates the German occupation to 15 May 1940, the day after the Dutch capitulation. The two accounts are compatible: the field could be bombed in the opening days and still be captured with its buildings largely usable.<\/p>\n<p>From about 1 June 1940 the Germans rebuilt Soesterberg as a major Fliegerhorst. By early 1941 there were three camouflaged concrete runways of 1,700, 1,350 and 1,250 metres, hangars and shelters for 100 aircraft, repair workshops, command and flak bunkers, underground fuel storage, a large ammunition dump and barrack camps. deZeng lists bomber units including Kampfgeschwader 4 (June 1940 to July 1941), II.\/KG 40 (September 1941 to March 1943) and the staff of KG 2 (December 1941 to March 1944).<\/p>\n<p>The Nationaal Militair Museum records that large Heinkel and Dornier bombers flew from the field against London soon after the capitulation; the Soesterberg Movements history names the He 111 and the Do 217. The Allies struck back repeatedly. deZeng records two raids by US Ninth Air Force B-26 Marauders on 8 March 1944, a large RAF Lancaster day raid on 15 August 1944 and a second on 3 September 1944 that forced the Germans to evacuate by mid-September. The order to close the field came on 28 February 1945, and the last Germans left on 11 April 1945, wrecking it as they went.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Rebuilding and the Dutch fighter years<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Canadian troops liberated the airfield in May 1945, and rebuilding took until 1951. The English Wikipedia gives 5 August 1951 as the date the Royal Netherlands Air Force declared Soesterberg operational again, in the air-defence role. Gloster Meteors came first, followed by Hawker Hunters and F-86K Sabres; 325 Squadron flew its Hunters from here until it was disbanded in August 1968, and 326 Squadron also flew Hunters from the field.<\/p>\n<p>The early jet years were costly. The Soesterberg Movements accident index lists 54 entries between 1951 and 1990 for aircraft based at, or lost at, Soesterberg. In 1952 alone it records eight separate Meteor accidents, two of them involving two aircraft each. The first on the list set the tone: on 20 September 1951 a Spitfire crashed near the base after the student pilot accidentally shut off the fuel supply; the student was killed and the instructor severely injured.<\/p>\n<p>The index is an enthusiast compilation, not an official record, and it counts accidents rather than deaths. It is nonetheless the most complete public list of Soesterberg losses we found, and its individual entries, where they name crews and causes, are used for the incidents on this page. No official Dutch figure for the total number of aircrew killed while flying from Soesterberg was found.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>The Wolfhounds at Camp New Amsterdam, 1954&ndash;1994<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In 1954 the Dutch government agreed to host a US Air Force fighter squadron. The exact start date depends on the source: the 32nd Squadron&rsquo;s lineage, as cited by Wikipedia, has the first American airmen arriving on 6 October 1954; Soesterberg Movements dates the delivery of 27 F-86F Sabres to 1 November 1954; and the Soesterberg Air Base article gives 16 November 1954 for the arrival of the 512th Fighter-Day Squadron from RAF Manston. The squadron itself celebrated its 25th anniversary on 16 November 1979.<\/p>\n<p>On 8 September 1955 the 512th&rsquo;s aircraft and people became the 32nd Fighter Day Squadron. The Wolfhounds name came from the unit&rsquo;s Second World War hunt for U-boat wolf packs in the Caribbean. In 1959 the Dutch government allowed it to add the crown and wreath of the House of Orange to its badge. Its American quarters on the north side of the field were called Camp New Amsterdam, and for the rest of the Cold War the squadron stood 24-hour NATO air-defence alert over the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p>It worked through five types: the F-86F, the F-100C Super Sabre from August 1956, the F-102A Delta Dagger, the F-4E Phantom II from 6 August 1969 and the F-15 Eagle from 13 September 1978. The F-102 date is disputed: 1959 in one Wikipedia article, 17 December 1960 in another, while the Soesterberg serial listing shows the first aircraft arriving on 20 April 1961. The 32nd Tactical Fighter Group was activated on 16 November 1989.<\/p>\n<p>The Wolfhounds deployed to Incirlik in Turkey for the 1991 Gulf War, where, according to the squadron lineage cited by Wikipedia, Captain Donald Watrous shot down an Iraqi MiG-23 on 28 January 1991, the squadron&rsquo;s only victory of the war. With the Cold War over, the last three Eagles left for Otis Air National Guard Base on 13 January 1994. The colours were furled on 19 April 1994 with members of the Dutch royal family present, the units were inactivated on 1 July 1994, and the American part of the base was handed back on 27 September 1994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Transports, helicopters and the long run-down<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In September 1968 three Dutch units arrived from Ypenburg: 334 Squadron with Fokker F27 transports, 298 Squadron with Alouette III helicopters, and a search and rescue flight, which moved on to Leeuwarden in 1977. In August 1981 336 Squadron was re-formed for maritime patrol in the Netherlands Antilles with F27s. The Ministry of Defence records that 334 Squadron took its F27s from Soesterberg to Eindhoven in May 1992.<\/p>\n<p>In 1995, according to the English Wikipedia, 300 Squadron joined 298 Squadron at Soesterberg; 298 converted to the CH-47 Chinook and 300 received the AS 532 U2 Cougar. The Ministry of Defence&rsquo;s Gilze-Rijen history confirms that Soesterberg housed the Alouette, Chinook and Cougar helicopters of the tactical helicopter group alongside Gilze-Rijen. In its last years Soesterberg was essentially a helicopter base with a famous past.<\/p>\n<p>Flying officially ended on 12 November 2008. The last jet to take off was a Greek F-4E Phantom II, delayed by bad weather at its destination, Aviano. The base closed formally on 31 December 2008, and the two helicopter squadrons moved to Gilze-Rijen. These closure dates come from the English Wikipedia and Soesterberg Movements; no official Ministry of Defence closure notice was found online. Soesterberg Movements attributes the closure to defence budget cuts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>Museum, park and memory<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Nationaal Militair Museum opened on 11 December 2014 in a new building at the centre of the former airfield. It merged the Legermuseum from Delft with the Militaire Luchtvaartmuseum, which had already been at Soesterberg. It belongs to the Royal Defence Museums Foundation, set up on 24 June 2014, and King Willem-Alexander granted it the Royal designation from 1 January 2015. Nineteen aircraft and helicopters hang from the ceiling of the main hall, and an observation tower on the sixth floor looks out over the old runways.<\/p>\n<p>The rest of the airfield is now Park Vliegbasis Soesterberg. According to the English Wikipedia, the nature organisation Utrechts Landschap bought about 400 hectares in 2018, excluding the museum and Camp New Amsterdam. Shelters, bunkers and the Air Force monument, where fallen airmen are remembered every year, remain in the landscape. The southern runway is closed from 15 March to 15 August so that ground-nesting birds can breed undisturbed.<\/p>\n<p>Archaeologists now treat the site as layered heritage. A 2020 Internet Archaeology paper on protecting Dutch landscapes used a hardened aircraft shelter at Soesterberg as an example. There is also a memorial to 33 executed resistance fighters, with a service each year on 19 November, and in 2022 a monument was unveiled, in the words of Soesterberg Movements, &ldquo;to permanently remember the presence of the Americans in Soesterberg.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Soesterberg, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1910<\/div>\n<p>Two car dealers from The Hague lay out an airfield on the Soesterberg heath (1911 in other sources).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the army&rsquo;s aviation department, the Luchtvaartafdeeling, is founded at Soesterberg.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>About 70 foreign aircraft that came down on neutral Dutch soil during the First World War have been impounded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1938<\/div>\n<p>Soesterberg is judged too small; three more military airfields are planned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>May: German forces take over the field, which becomes Fliegerhorst Soesterberg.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Three concrete runways, 1,700, 1,350 and 1,250 metres long, are completed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>8 March, 15 August and 3 September: US B-26 and RAF Lancaster raids wreck the airfield.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>11 April: the last Germans leave after destroying the field; Canadian troops liberate it in May.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>5 August: the rebuilt base is declared operational for air defence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>October&ndash;November: the first US airmen and F-86F Sabres arrive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1955<\/div>\n<p>8 September: the 32nd Fighter Day Squadron, the Wolfhounds, is activated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>The Dutch government lets the 32nd wear the crown and wreath of the House of Orange.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>September: 334 and 298 Squadrons and a search and rescue flight move in from Ypenburg.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>13 September: the first F-15 Eagle arrives at Camp New Amsterdam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>4 July: two Soesterberg F-15s intercept a pilotless Soviet MiG-23.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>13 January: the last F-15s leave; the American site is returned on 27 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p>12 November: flying ends; the base closes on 31 December.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>11 December: the Nationaal Militair Museum opens on the former airfield.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 September 1951<\/div>\n<h3>A Spitfire trainer lost near the base<\/h3>\n<p>A Royal Netherlands Air Force Spitfire, H-97, with a student pilot and an instructor on board, crashed near Soesterberg during a training flight and was destroyed. According to the Soesterberg Movements record, the student accidentally shut off the fuel supply. The student pilot was killed and the instructor severely injured. It is the first entry in the enthusiasts&rsquo; index of Soesterberg accidents, which goes on to list 54 entries up to 1990, and a reminder of how dangerous the rebuilding years were for the air force.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/20-september-1951-spitfire\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">1 October 1956<\/div>\n<h3>An F-100 in the canal near a school<\/h3>\n<p>An F-100C Super Sabre of the 32nd Fighter Squadron, serial 54-1988, became uncontrollable while returning to Soesterberg in a four-ship formation. Lieutenant Moses Reek Mohammed ejected and landed in a wood near Oosterhout. The aircraft came down in the Wilhelmina canal a few hundred metres from a secondary school; nobody was hurt. The same record notes it was the first of three accidents involving this pilot in little over a year, followed by others on 18 October and 14 November 1957.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/1-october-1956-f-100\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">3 December 1958<\/div>\n<h3>Two Super Sabres lost on a night ferry to Libya<\/h3>\n<p>Four F-100Cs left Soesterberg for Wheelus Air Base in Libya, a flight of about 1,200 nautical miles, in two pairs. The first pair became lost at night. Serial 54-1861 came down in the Mediterranean about 85 nautical miles north-east of Wheelus; Lieutenant Harry E. Higgins ejected and spent nearly two days in the sea before an SA-16 Albatross picked him up. Captain Don H. Brandy reached the Libyan coast in 54-1865 and bailed out unharmed. The record blames incorrect navigation instructions from ground controllers and the pilots&rsquo; inexperience at night.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/3-december-1958-f-100c\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">6 December 1960<\/div>\n<h3>Two Dutch Hunters collide on the runway<\/h3>\n<p>Two Hawker Hunter F.6s of 326 Squadron were landing at Soesterberg in the afternoon when N-249 suffered a tyre blowout, swerved and struck N-254, which was also landing. Both pilots got out of their aircraft unharmed. N-254 was destroyed; N-249 was badly damaged but was repaired and later sold to Jordan in October 1964. The accident is one of several Hunter losses the Soesterberg Movements index lists for the Dutch squadrons at the base between 1958 and 1964.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/6-december-1960-two-hunters\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">12 December 1962<\/div>\n<h3>An F-102 falls beside an ammunition bunker<\/h3>\n<p>An F-102A Delta Dagger of the 32nd, serial 56-0973, was returning to Soesterberg when sudden fog banks cut visibility to less than 50 metres. On final approach the fighter crashed on the grounds of the Dutch army&rsquo;s Dumoulin camp next to the airfield, close to an ammunition bunker. The pilot, First Lieutenant Henderson, ejected before impact and was unhurt. The aircraft was destroyed, and nobody on the ground was injured.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/12-december-1962-f-102a\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">29 August 1977<\/div>\n<h3>Phantom crew killed off Terschelling<\/h3>\n<p>F-4E Phantom II serial 74-1051 of the 32nd Tactical Fighter Squadron took off at 09:55 for practice low-altitude intercepts under ground control over the North Sea. Radio contact was lost shortly after the crew acknowledged their set-up for the next intercept, and the aircraft disappeared from radar about 10 km north of Terschelling. Both crew members, First Lieutenant Mickey L. Johnston and First Lieutenant Patrick H. Pondrom, both in their mid-twenties, were killed. The pilot&rsquo;s body was recovered the next day and the weapons systems officer&rsquo;s a week later. The published record does not give the cause.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/29-august-1977-f-4e\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">12 September 1981<\/div>\n<h3>An Eagle crashes in front of the air-show crowd<\/h3>\n<p>At the Soesterberg air show, attended by more than 250,000 people, Captain Dennis R. Kuehler flew an F-15C of the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing from Bitburg in Germany. The aircraft, serial 80-0007, was almost new, with fewer than 15 flying hours. After his final overshoot he misjudged his position on the turn to land; a full-power go-around came too late and the Eagle hit the ground, sliding about 450 metres before it stopped. Kuehler climbed out without serious injury and was sent back to Germany by train.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/12-september-1981-f-15c\/\">Soesterberg Movements<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">4 July 1989<\/div>\n<h3>The pilotless MiG-23<\/h3>\n<p>Colonel Nikolai Skuridin ejected from his MiG-23 soon after take-off from Bagicz in Poland, but the fighter flew on. It crossed East and West Germany and the Netherlands, and was intercepted by two F-15Cs of the 32nd TFS from Soesterberg, whose pilots reported it had nobody aboard. They escorted it until its fuel ran out. It crashed onto a house at Bellegem near Kortrijk, Belgium, killing Wim Delaere; sources give his age as 18 or 19. The Soviet Union later paid Belgium 685,000 US dollars.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1989_Belgium_MiG-23_crash\">Wikipedia, citing the New York Times<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Soesterberg Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"deelen\">\n<td>Deelen Air Base<\/td>\n<td>EHDL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"valkenburg\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Valkenburg Naval Air Base<\/td>\n<td>EHVB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2006<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ypenburg\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Ypenburg Air Base<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1992<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Soesterberg Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Where was Soesterberg Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On the heath between Utrecht and Amersfoort in the province of Utrecht, in the municipality of Soest. The Nationaal Militair Museum now stands in the middle of the former airfield at Verlengde Paltzerweg 1. Because the base is closed and has no current AIP entry, no official runway or coordinate data is given on this page.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is Soesterberg called the birthplace of Dutch military aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The army&rsquo;s aviation department, the Luchtvaartafdeeling, was founded there on 1 July 1913, and it is the direct ancestor of today&rsquo;s Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. The Nationaal Militair Museum calls the base the bakermat, or cradle, of Dutch military aviation.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the Germans do with Soesterberg in the Second World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">They turned it into Fliegerhorst Soesterberg, with three concrete runways, shelters for 100 aircraft and large depots. Heinkel and Dornier bombers flew from it against England. Allied bombing in 1944 made it almost unusable, and the Germans wrecked and abandoned it in April 1945.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who were the Wolfhounds?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The US Air Force&rsquo;s 32nd Fighter Squadron, an allied unit based at Camp New Amsterdam on the north side of the airfield from 1954&ndash;1955 to 1994. It defended Dutch airspace for NATO with the F-86, F-100, F-102, F-4E and F-15. The Dutch honoured it in 1959 with the crown and wreath of the House of Orange on its badge.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did the Americans arrive and leave?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The first American airmen and F-86F Sabres arrived in October and November 1954; the 32nd Squadron itself was activated on 8 September 1955. The last F-15s left on 13 January 1994, the colours were furled on 19 April, the units were inactivated on 1 July and the site was handed back on 27 September 1994.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which Dutch squadrons flew from Soesterberg?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">After 1951, Meteor, Hunter and F-86K fighter squadrons, including 325 and 326 Squadrons. From 1968, 334 Squadron with F27 transports (until 1992) and 298 Squadron with helicopters, later joined by 300 Squadron and 336 Squadron. The Chinooks and Cougars stayed until the base closed in 2008.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did Soesterberg close?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Flying ended on 12 November 2008, when a Greek Air Force F-4E Phantom became the last jet to take off, and the base closed formally on 31 December 2008. The helicopter squadrons moved to Gilze-Rijen. These dates come from secondary sources; no official closure notice was found online.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can you visit the former base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The Nationaal Militair Museum, opened on 11 December 2014, sits on the airfield, and the grounds are open as Park Vliegbasis Soesterberg from sunrise to sunset. Shelters, bunkers and the Air Force monument can be seen, but the southern runway is closed from 15 March to 15 August for breeding birds.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Soesterberg Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Closed in 2008; birthplace of Dutch military aviation, now the Nationaal Militair Museum.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is Soesterberg Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Soesterberg Air Base is in Utrecht, at 52.1295 N, 5.2733 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Soesterberg Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Soesterberg Air Base has hosted Luchtvaartafdeeling (1913&ndash;1940) with the &mdash;; 32nd Fighter Squadron, US Air Force (Camp New Amsterdam) (1955&ndash;1994) with the F-86F Sabre, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle; 334 Squadron (1968&ndash;1992) with the Fokker F27 Friendship; 298 Squadron (1968&ndash;) with the Alouette III.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where was Soesterberg Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On the heath between Utrecht and Amersfoort in the province of Utrecht, in the municipality of Soest. The Nationaal Militair Museum now stands in the middle of the former airfield at Verlengde Paltzerweg 1. Because the base is closed and has no current AIP entry, no official runway or coordinate data is given on this page.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is Soesterberg called the birthplace of Dutch military aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The army\\u2019s aviation department, the Luchtvaartafdeeling, was founded there on 1 July 1913, and it is the direct ancestor of today\\u2019s Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. The Nationaal Militair Museum calls the base the bakermat, or cradle, of Dutch military aviation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the Germans do with Soesterberg in the Second World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"They turned it into Fliegerhorst Soesterberg, with three concrete runways, shelters for 100 aircraft and large depots. Heinkel and Dornier bombers flew from it against England. Allied bombing in 1944 made it almost unusable, and the Germans wrecked and abandoned it in April 1945.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who were the Wolfhounds?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The US Air Force\\u2019s 32nd Fighter Squadron, an allied unit based at Camp New Amsterdam on the north side of the airfield from 1954\\u20131955 to 1994. It defended Dutch airspace for NATO with the F-86, F-100, F-102, F-4E and F-15. The Dutch honoured it in 1959 with the crown and wreath of the House of Orange on its badge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did the Americans arrive and leave?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The first American airmen and F-86F Sabres arrived in October and November 1954; the 32nd Squadron itself was activated on 8 September 1955. The last F-15s left on 13 January 1994, the colours were furled on 19 April, the units were inactivated on 1 July and the site was handed back on 27 September 1994.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which Dutch squadrons flew from Soesterberg?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After 1951, Meteor, Hunter and F-86K fighter squadrons, including 325 and 326 Squadrons. From 1968, 334 Squadron with F27 transports (until 1992) and 298 Squadron with helicopters, later joined by 300 Squadron and 336 Squadron. The Chinooks and Cougars stayed until the base closed in 2008.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did Soesterberg close?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Flying ended on 12 November 2008, when a Greek Air Force F-4E Phantom became the last jet to take off, and the base closed formally on 31 December 2008. The helicopter squadrons moved to Gilze-Rijen. These dates come from secondary sources; no official closure notice was found online.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you visit the former base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The Nationaal Militair Museum, opened on 11 December 2014, sits on the airfield, and the grounds are open as Park Vliegbasis Soesterberg from sunrise to sunset. Shelters, bunkers and the Air Force monument can be seen, but the southern runway is closed from 15 March to 15 August for breeding birds.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Soesterberg Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Closed in 2008; birthplace of Dutch military aviation, now the Nationaal Militair Museum.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is Soesterberg Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Soesterberg Air Base is in Utrecht, at 52.1295 N, 5.2733 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Soesterberg Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Soesterberg Air Base has hosted Luchtvaartafdeeling (1913\\u20131940) with the \\u2014; 32nd Fighter Squadron, US Air Force (Camp New Amsterdam) (1955\\u20131994) with the F-86F Sabre, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle; 334 Squadron (1968\\u20131992) with the Fokker F27 Friendship; 298 Squadron (1968\\u2013) with the Alouette III.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Soesterberg Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-86F Sabre<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-86F Sabre story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensie.nl\/organisatie\/luchtmacht\/vliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\/eindhoven\/geschiedenis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defensie: Vliegbasis Eindhoven, geschiedenis<\/a><span>Civil field Welschap 1932; air force since 1952 (314, 315, 316 Squadrons); 334 from Soesterberg May 1992; KDC-10 retired end 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soesterbergmovements.reccereports.com\/f-86f\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Soesterberg Movements: F-86F serial listing<\/a><span>27 F-86Fs delivered 1 November 1954 to the 512th Fighter Day Squadron; 32nd activated 8 September 1955; 25th anniversary 16 November 1979.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam 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