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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; South Sudan<\/div>\n<h1>South Sudan Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">South Sudan Air Force<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The South Sudan Air Force, the air arm of the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces, was created on paper in 2008 and flew its first Russian-built Mi-17 helicopters into Juba at the end of 2010, six months before independence; in the civil war that began in December 2013 it bought Mi-24 gunships and L-39 jets, and since 2025 its air strikes in Upper Nile and Jonglei have been documented by UN, human-rights and medical organisations, while the government has never published what it flies.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2008<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>South Sudan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>2008<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Juba<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Samson Mabior<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The South Sudan Air Force story: Mi-17s before independence, gunships in a civil war and air strikes in Upper Nile and Jonglei<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1983&ndash;2010: a guerrilla army without aircraft<\/h3>\n<p>South Sudan&rsquo;s armed forces descend from the Sudan People&rsquo;s Liberation Army, founded on 16 May 1983 when Battalion 105 attacked Sudanese army forces at Bor. No SPLA air arm is recorded in the sources reached for the 22 years of war that followed. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in Nairobi on 9 January 2005, ended that war and gave the south its own government and army. Three weeks after becoming Sudan&rsquo;s first vice-president, the SPLA leader John Garang was killed on 30 July 2005 with six colleagues and seven Ugandan crew when the Ugandan presidential Mi-172 helicopter carrying him back from Rwakitura crashed in southern Sudan. The official explanation was poor visibility; President Museveni later suggested there might have been an external factor.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2010&ndash;2011: Mi-17s before a flag<\/h3>\n<p>According to Wikipedia&rsquo;s account, the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly formally created an air force on 24 June 2008, though it had no aircraft. In May 2010 the SPLA announced a &quot;nucleus&quot; air force and navy, and in August 2010 ordered Mi-17 helicopters from Kazan in Russia, reported at US$75 million. Eight were delivered to Juba in December 2010 and two more in January 2011, and President Salva Kiir launched the air force on 11 January 2011, during the week of the referendum in which 98.83 per cent voted for secession. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. When the Heglig crisis with Sudan broke out in March 2012, the air war was again one-sided: Sudanese An-26s, MiG-29s and Su-25s bombed Bentiu, Rubkona and the Unity oilfields, and South Sudan claimed to have shot down a MiG-29 on 4 April 2012, which Sudan called a fabrication. No South Sudanese air operations in that crisis are described in the sources reached.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2013&ndash;2016: gunships and jets in a civil war<\/h3>\n<p>The civil war that began in Juba on 15 December 2013 turned the helicopter force into a combat arm. The UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan reported that the government procured Mi-24 attack helicopters from early 2014, and in January 2016 counted at least three operational with a fourth awaiting payment. The Panel recorded Mi-24 attacks on Shilluk positions around Malakal in 2015, a Mi-24 kept at the Paloich oil-field airstrip, Mi-24s over Wau in April 2016, and two Mi-24s that crossed about 6 km into the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 August 2016 in pursuit of SPLM\/A-IO forces. Local officials blamed an unidentified gunship for 50 deaths in Mundri West in November 2015, a figure the army did not address. L-39 jets also appeared: the army announced two jet fighters over Juba for Independence Day in July 2016, and the Panel documented L-39s with photographs, though the First Vice-President denied in September 2016 that South Sudan had any.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Who flew them, and who paid: the UN Panel&rsquo;s findings<\/h3>\n<p>How the aircraft were bought, and who flew them, is told differently by different sources. The UN Panel found that the Mi-24s came from the Ukrainian company Motor Sich for US$42.8 million, under a Ukrainian export licence, with a first instalment of US$21 million routed through the Ministry of Petroleum and Mining; it also found a Diamond 42 reconnaissance aircraft operating from Juba military airport from July 2015 and two helicopter hangars contracted for US$16.4 million. The journalist Peter Martell, as summarised on Wikipedia, writes that Erik Prince sold South Sudan three Mi-24s and two L-39s, with Hungarian mercenary pilots, for US$43 million. The two accounts are not reconciled in any source reached. The government has not published its own account of these purchases, and in its replies to the Panel in 2016 it denied having L-39s at all.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2018&ndash;2024: the peace deal and a quiet fleet<\/h3>\n<p>The war was formally ended by the Revitalised Agreement of 12 September 2018, and the army was renamed the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces in the same month, after a first renaming had been announced on 16 May 2017. A unity government was formed on 22 February 2020, and in June 2020 Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior was named air force commander. For the next four years the air arm was rarely in the news. The UN Panel of Experts kept reporting on arms purchases, but its 2023 final report discussed armoured vehicles and boats, not aircraft. The fleet has never been published by the government; Wikipedia&rsquo;s table lists six Mi-24\/Mi-35s, seven Mi-17s, two An-26s, two L-410s, two AW109s and a Boeing 727, but FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2025 directory, as read, has no South Sudan entry, and none of those numbers could be checked against an official or IISS figure.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2025&ndash;2026: bombing returns to Upper Nile and Jonglei<\/h3>\n<p>Fighting in Nasir in March 2025, during which a UN helicopter evacuating SSPDF soldiers was attacked on 7 March, brought air power back. Uganda sent troops at Juba&rsquo;s request, and local officials and witnesses blamed both the SSPDF and Uganda for strikes on Nasir that Radio Tamazuj&rsquo;s sources said killed at least 21 people on 16&ndash;17 March. Human Rights Watch found that government incendiary weapons killed at least 58 people in Nasir, Longechuk and Ulang in early March, and that a 3 May 2025 bombardment of Old Fangak, including the MSF hospital, killed seven. Strikes followed in Warrap and Jonglei; MSF facilities at Pieri and Lankien were hit in December 2025 and February 2026, and MSF closed Lankien hospital, saying government forces were believed to be the only party able to bomb from the air. The Upper Nile governor said in December 2025 that areas attacking government forces &quot;will be bombed&quot;. The SSPDF has not published its own account of these operations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">According to Wikipedia&rsquo;s account, the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly formally created an air force on 24 June 2008, though it had no aircraft.<cite>South Sudan Air Force &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The South Sudan Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Official name<\/dt>\n<dd>South Sudan Air Force<span class=\"gnote\">The name used by Wikipedia and in the SSPDF&rsquo;s 2018 structure (ground forces, air force, air defence forces, presidential guard). The SPLA spokesman spoke of the &quot;SPLA Air Force&quot; in 2016. No official SSPDF website could be reached; English is the official language<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>24 June 2008 (on paper); launched 11 January 2011<span class=\"gnote\">Created by the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly without aircraft; first Mi-17s delivered in December 2010; launched by President Salva Kiir in January 2011. These dates come from Wikipedia; its original source (an archived aviation news page) could not be read<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces<span class=\"gnote\">The SPLA was renamed the SSPDF in September 2018, after a renaming to South Sudan Defence Forces had been announced on 16 May 2017. The SPLA itself dates from 16 May 1983<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Juba<span class=\"gnote\">Juba International Airport (HJJJ) is shared between civil traffic, the military and UNMISS; the UN Panel calls the military side Juba military airport<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior (named June 2020)<span class=\"gnote\">Not confirmed as still in post in 2026; Wikipedia gives James Kong Kong from December 2017<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander-in-chief<\/dt>\n<dd>President Salva Kiir Mayardit<span class=\"gnote\">Commander-in-chief of the SSPDF; South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia describes &quot;an unknown number of personnel&quot;; no IISS or government figure was reached<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Attack helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mil Mi-24\/Mi-35 &mdash; 3&ndash;6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Sources disagree: the UN Panel counted at least three operational in January 2016 and one more awaited; Peter Martell (via Wikipedia) gives three; Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory gives six. Still flying in 2024&ndash;2026 according to local reports of gunship flights and strikes<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mil Mi-17, Mi-172 and Mi-17V-5 &mdash; about 7 (Wikipedia)<\/li>\n<li>AgustaWestland AW109 &mdash; 2 (Wikipedia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Ten delivered in December 2010 and January 2011; Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory lists seven, one for VIP transport. No official count<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fixed-wing<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Antonov An-26 &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>Let L-410 Turbolet &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>Boeing 727 (VIP) &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">All counts are Wikipedia&rsquo;s; none could be checked against an official or IISS figure. FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2025 directory, as read, has no South Sudan entry<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Jets<\/dt>\n<dd>L-39: status disputed<span class=\"gnote\">Two L-39s according to Martell (via Wikipedia); documented by the UN Panel in 2016 and denied by the government. Wikipedia&rsquo;s service article lists the type as retired, its L-39 article as still in service<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Drones<\/dt>\n<dd>Reported, type unknown<span class=\"gnote\">A drone was among the aircraft the Fangak commissioner described on 3 May 2025, and the Vice President referred to drones on 8 May 2025. No type, number or supplier has been published<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main base<\/dt>\n<dd>Juba International Airport<span class=\"gnote\">Runway 13\/31, 3,100 m, elevation 461 m (Wikipedia, not the AIP). Two helicopter hangars were contracted for US$16.4 million according to the UN Panel<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Forward airstrips<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Paloich (Upper Nile) &mdash; Mi-24 kept there in 2015 (UN Panel)<\/li>\n<li>Bor &mdash; gunship stopover, October 2024<\/li>\n<li>Malakal &mdash; gunship operations 2015 and 2024<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Airfields named in connection with air-force aircraft in the sources reached; none is a dedicated air base<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>UN arms monitoring<\/dt>\n<dd>UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan<span class=\"gnote\">The Panel reported the Mi-24, L-39 and Diamond 42 purchases in 2016&ndash;2017; its 2023 final report records no aircraft<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Foreign air support<\/dt>\n<dd>Uganda<span class=\"gnote\">Ugandan troops deployed at South Sudan&rsquo;s request in March 2025 (HRW); the Uganda People&rsquo;s Defence Air Force flew aid airdrops to Nasir in May 2025, and local officials attributed some March 2025 strikes to Ugandan aircraft<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the South Sudan Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">The air arm of the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces, one of four branches beside the ground forces, the air defence forces and the presidential guard, has its headquarters and main base at Juba International Airport. <span class=\"imp\">Mi-24 gunships, three to six depending on the source, are its combat aircraft, beside about seven Mi-17 transport helicopters; the L-39 jets the UN Panel of Experts documented in 2016 were denied by the government, and their status is disputed.<\/span> The government has never published its fleet, its units or which aircraft are based where.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">SM<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Major General<\/span><b>Samson Mabior<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Air Force Commander &middot; in office since 2020<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>South Sudan Air Force<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>South Sudan Air Force<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Juba<\/div>\n<p>The air arm of the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces, created on paper on 24 June 2008 and launched by President Salva Kiir on 11 January 2011, with its headquarters at Juba. Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior was named Air Force Commander in June 2020; no later appointment was found, so whether he is still in post in 2026 is not confirmed. The President is commander-in-chief.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Attack helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Mi-24 gunships<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Juba; Paloich in 2015<\/div>\n<p>Bought from early 2014, according to the UN Panel of Experts, which traced the purchase to Motor Sich of Ukraine for US$42.8 million; Peter Martell, as summarised on Wikipedia, has Erik Prince selling three Mi-24s and two L-39s with Hungarian pilots for US$43 million. Counts range from three to six, none official. The Panel found one kept at the Paloich oil field in 2015; gunship strikes were reported again in 2024&ndash;2026, without the types being identified.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Mi-17 and AW109 helicopters<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Juba<\/div>\n<p>The air force&rsquo;s first aircraft: ten Mi-17s ordered from Kazan in August 2010 and delivered to Juba in December 2010 and January 2011. Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory lists about seven, one used for VIP transport, and two AW109s; none of these counts is official.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Fixed-wing transports<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory lists two An-26s, two L-410s and a VIP Boeing 727. Delivery dates are not published, none of the numbers could be checked against an official or IISS figure, and FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2025 directory, as read, has no South Sudan entry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Jets<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>L-39 jets<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Status disputed. The UN Panel documented L-39s with photographs in 2016, two according to Martell, and the army announced two jet fighters for the Independence Day air show that July; the First Vice-President denied on 28 September 2016 that South Sudan had any. Wikipedia lists the type as retired in one article and in service in another.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Reconnaissance and drones<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Diamond DA42 and drones<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Juba (DA42, from 2015)<\/div>\n<p>The UN Panel observed a Diamond 42 at Juba military airport from July 2015, &quot;providing advanced integrated aerial reconnaissance and targeting capabilities&quot;; whether it still flies was not found. The Fangak commissioner described a drone among the aircraft that struck Old Fangak on 3 May 2025, but no type, number or supplier has been published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the South Sudan Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph1\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24 \/ Mi-35<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2014<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>3&ndash;6. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The UN Panel counted at least three operational in January 2016 with a fourth awaiting payment; Peter Martell (via Wikipedia) gives three; Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory gives six, as Mi-35s; Wikipedia&rsquo;s SSPDF article says four were bought from Ukraine in 2015. No official figure.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17, Mi-172 and Mi-17V-5<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport and VIP helicopter<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory figure; ten were delivered in 2010&ndash;2011. Not confirmed by an official or IISS source.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland AW109<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory figure; not corroborated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory figure; not corroborated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Let L-410 Turbolet<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory figure; not corroborated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing 727<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s inventory figure; not corroborated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Diamond DA42<span class=\"nflag nf0\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Austria\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance and targeting<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not stated; seen from July 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-17<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AW109<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:29%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">An-26<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:29%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">L-410<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:29%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">B727<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:14%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the South Sudan Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">2 types, from the Aero L-39 Albatros to the Aero L-39 Albatros. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" class=\"was\">Aero L-39 Albatros<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2016&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two according to Peter Martell (via Wikipedia); the army announced two jet fighters for the July 2016 Independence Day flypast.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft 1900<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Number not found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the South Sudan Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases; none of the airfields listed has closed. <span class=\"imp\">Juba International Airport, where the first Mi-17s were delivered in December 2010, is the only base the sources describe, its military side sharing one runway with airliners and the UN mission.<\/span> Malakal, Paloich and Bor are civil or oil-field airstrips named in reports of the air force&rsquo;s gunships; the UN Panel found a Mi-24 kept at Paloich in 2015 to guard the oil installations. Coordinates come from Wikipedia, as the South Sudan AIP could not be reached.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, state, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, state, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-bor-jonglei\" data-base=\"bor-jonglei\" data-x=\"active active Civil Aviation Authority of South Sudan (owner) \">\n<td>Bor Airport<span>Jonglei<\/span><\/td>\n<td>HSBR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>1,280 m<span>dirt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-juba\" data-base=\"juba\" data-x=\"active active South Sudan Air Force headquarters (&quot;Juba Air Base&quot; in Wikipedia&rsquo;s account); the civil airport alongside JUB\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/juba\/\">Juba International Airport<\/a><span>Central Equatoria<\/span><\/td>\n<td>HJJJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13\/31<\/span>3,100 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>South Sudan Air Force (headquarters and helicopter force)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24<\/a>, Diamond DA42 (seen from July 2015)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-malakal\" data-base=\"malakal\" data-x=\"active active MAK\">\n<td>Malakal Airport<span>Upper Nile<\/span><\/td>\n<td>HSSM<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-paloich\" data-base=\"paloich\" data-x=\"active active Dar Petroleum Operating Company (owner and operator) HGI\">\n<td>Paloich Airport<span>Upper Nile (Melut County)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>HSFA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,500 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>SPLA Mi-24 detachment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the South Sudan Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">South Sudan publishes no order of battle: no squadron names or aircraft counts by base appear in the sources, so the air force at Juba is listed as one headquarters and helicopter force.<\/span> The Mi-24 detachment the UN Panel found at Paloich in 2015 is listed as former because no later report of it was found.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Central Equatoria active South Sudan Air Force headquarters (&quot;Juba Air Base&quot; in Wikipedia&rsquo;s account); the civil airport alongside\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/juba\/\">Juba International Airport<\/a> &middot; HJJJ<\/span><em>South Sudan Air Force headquarters<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>South Sudan Air Force (headquarters and helicopter force)<small>Air force headquarters and helicopter units &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24<\/a>, Diamond DA42 (seen from July 2015)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Upper Nile (Melut County) active Dar Petroleum Operating Company (owner and operator)\">\n<div><span>Paloich Airport &middot; HSFA<\/span><em>Dar Petroleum Operating Company<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">SPLA Mi-24 detachment<small>2015&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Mil Mi-24<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>South Sudan Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1983<\/div>\n<p>16 May: the Sudan People&rsquo;s Liberation Army is founded when Battalion 105 attacks Sudanese army forces at Bor. No SPLA air arm is recorded for the 1983&ndash;2005 war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2005<\/div>\n<p>9 January: Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in Nairobi. 30 July: John Garang is killed with 13 others in the crash of the Ugandan presidential Mi-172.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p>24 June: the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly formally creates an air force, still without aircraft (Wikipedia).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>May: the SPLA announces a nucleus air force. August: Mi-17s ordered from Kazan, reported at US$75 million. December: eight delivered to Juba.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>January: two more Mi-17s arrive; President Kiir launches the air force on 11 January during the independence referendum. 9 July: independence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2012<\/div>\n<p>Heglig crisis with Sudan: Sudanese aircraft bomb Bentiu and Rubkona; South Sudan claims a MiG-29 shot down on 4 April, which Sudan denies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>15 December: civil war begins in Juba. 27 December: Riek Machar accuses Ugandan aircraft of bombing his forces at Bor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>The government begins buying Mi-24 attack helicopters, according to the UN Panel of Experts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>Mi-24s strike opposition positions around Malakal; 18 May: the government denies an opposition claim to have shot one down. July: a Diamond 42 begins flying from Juba. November: 50 reported killed in a gunship attack in Mundri West.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>April: Mi-24s over Wau. 7&ndash;9 July: two jets fly over Juba for Independence Day. 17 August: two Mi-24s cross into the DRC. 28 September: the First Vice-President denies South Sudan has L-39s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>16 May: renaming to South Sudan Defence Forces announced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>12 September: the Revitalised Agreement ends the civil war. September: the army becomes the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>22 February: unity government formed. June: Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior named Air Force Commander.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>July: an Upper Nile MP complains of daily gunship flights over Nasir. 20 October: a gunship makes an emergency landing in Bor; the army denies it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>March: fighting in Nasir, a UN helicopter attacked on 7 March, and air strikes in Upper Nile; Ugandan troops deploy. 3 May: Old Fangak and its MSF hospital bombed. December: strikes on Pieri and Lankien.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>3 February: bomb hits the MSF hospital warehouse at Lankien; MSF closes the hospital in April. June: ceasefire monitors investigate reported bombing in Panyijiar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the South Sudan Air Force has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2012<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>Heglig crisis<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2012<\/span> No South Sudanese air operations are described in the sources reached; the air war was flown by Sudan<\/li>\n<li><b>South Sudanese Civil War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2013&ndash;2018<\/span> Close air support and attack by Mi-24 gunships, with L-39 jets and a Diamond 42 reconnaissance aircraft reported; Mi-17 transport<\/li>\n<li><b>Upper Nile and Jonglei fighting<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2025&ndash;<\/span> Air strikes by gunship helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft against opposition-held areas, with drones reported<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-sudan-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the South Sudan Air Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\">Mil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/agustawestland\/\">AgustaWestland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/antonov\/\">Antonov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\">Boeing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/diamond\/\">Diamond Aircraft<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/let\/\">Let Kunovice<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aero\/\" class=\"was\">Aero Vodochody<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/beechcraft\/\" class=\"was\">Beechcraft<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the South Sudan Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Does South Sudan have an air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The South Sudan Air Force is the air arm of the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces. It was created on paper in 2008 and received its first Mi-17 helicopters in December 2010. It flies attack and transport helicopters and a few transport aircraft from Juba; the government has never published a fleet list.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the official name of the South Sudan air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wikipedia&rsquo;s article is titled South Sudan Air Force and says that is its official name; it is one of the four branches of the South Sudan People&rsquo;s Defence Forces. Before 2018 it was referred to as the SPLA Air Force, the name the army spokesman used in July 2016. English is South Sudan&rsquo;s official language, and no official SSPDF website could be reached to confirm the spelling.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does South Sudan fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wikipedia lists six <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24\/Mi-35<\/a> attack helicopters, seven <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-17<\/a> transport helicopters, two AW109s, two An-26s, two L-410s and a Boeing 727. None of these numbers is official: the UN Panel of Experts counted at least three working Mi-24s in January 2016.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does South Sudan have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not fighters, but it has had at least two <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39 Albatros<\/a> jet trainers. The UN Panel of Experts documented them with photographs in 2016, while the First Vice-President denied they existed. Whether they still fly is unclear: Wikipedia lists them both as retired and as in service in different articles.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where did South Sudan get its Mi-24 gunships?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The UN Panel of Experts found that they were bought from the Ukrainian company Motor Sich for US$42.8 million, with the first US$21 million paid through the Ministry of Petroleum and Mining. The journalist Peter Martell, as summarised on Wikipedia, writes that Erik Prince sold three Mi-24s and two L-39s with Hungarian pilots for US$43 million. The government has not published its own account.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the air force fight in the 2013&ndash;2018 civil war?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The UN Panel recorded Mi-24 attacks around Malakal in 2015, over Wau in April 2016 and across the border into the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 August 2016. Local officials blamed a gunship for 50 deaths in Mundri West in November 2015. Opposition forces claimed to have shot down a gunship at Malakal in May 2015, which the government denied.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Has South Sudan bombed hospitals?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Human Rights Watch found that government forces bombarded an MSF hospital and the market in Old Fangak on 3 May 2025, killing seven people. MSF facilities at Pieri and Lankien were hit in December 2025 and February 2026; MSF said it could not independently confirm responsibility for the Lankien strike but that government forces were believed to be the only party with aerial bombing capability. The government did not comment on those strikes.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Uganda fly combat missions in South Sudan?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Uganda deployed troops at South Sudan&rsquo;s request in March 2025, according to Human Rights Watch, and its air force flew aid airdrops to Nasir in May 2025. Local officials in Nasir attributed some March 2025 air strikes to Ugandan aircraft, and in December 2013 Riek Machar accused Uganda of bombing his forces at Bor. Neither government has published details of Ugandan air operations.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the South Sudan Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior was named Air Force Commander in June 2020, according to Eye Radio. No later appointment was found, so it is not confirmed that he still holds the post in 2026. President Salva Kiir is commander-in-chief.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is the South Sudan Air Force based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At Juba International Airport, which it shares with civil traffic and the UN mission; the UN Panel reported two helicopter hangars contracted there for US$16.4 million. Aircraft also operate from airstrips such as Paloich, Bor and Malakal.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does South Sudan have an air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The South Sudan Air Force is the air arm of the South Sudan People\\u2019s Defence Forces. It was created on paper in 2008 and received its first Mi-17 helicopters in December 2010. It flies attack and transport helicopters and a few transport aircraft from Juba; the government has never published a fleet list.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the official name of the South Sudan air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wikipedia\\u2019s article is titled South Sudan Air Force and says that is its official name; it is one of the four branches of the South Sudan People\\u2019s Defence Forces. Before 2018 it was referred to as the SPLA Air Force, the name the army spokesman used in July 2016. English is South Sudan\\u2019s official language, and no official SSPDF website could be reached to confirm the spelling.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does South Sudan fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wikipedia lists six Mi-24\/Mi-35 attack helicopters, seven Mi-17 transport helicopters, two AW109s, two An-26s, two L-410s and a Boeing 727. None of these numbers is official: the UN Panel of Experts counted at least three working Mi-24s in January 2016.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does South Sudan have fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not fighters, but it has had at least two L-39 Albatros jet trainers. The UN Panel of Experts documented them with photographs in 2016, while the First Vice-President denied they existed. Whether they still fly is unclear: Wikipedia lists them both as retired and as in service in different articles.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where did South Sudan get its Mi-24 gunships?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The UN Panel of Experts found that they were bought from the Ukrainian company Motor Sich for US$42.8 million, with the first US$21 million paid through the Ministry of Petroleum and Mining. The journalist Peter Martell, as summarised on Wikipedia, writes that Erik Prince sold three Mi-24s and two L-39s with Hungarian pilots for US$43 million. The government has not published its own account.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the air force fight in the 2013\\u20132018 civil war?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The UN Panel recorded Mi-24 attacks around Malakal in 2015, over Wau in April 2016 and across the border into the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 August 2016. Local officials blamed a gunship for 50 deaths in Mundri West in November 2015. Opposition forces claimed to have shot down a gunship at Malakal in May 2015, which the government denied.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Has South Sudan bombed hospitals?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Human Rights Watch found that government forces bombarded an MSF hospital and the market in Old Fangak on 3 May 2025, killing seven people. MSF facilities at Pieri and Lankien were hit in December 2025 and February 2026; MSF said it could not independently confirm responsibility for the Lankien strike but that government forces were believed to be the only party with aerial bombing capability. The government did not comment on those strikes.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Uganda fly combat missions in South Sudan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Uganda deployed troops at South Sudan\\u2019s request in March 2025, according to Human Rights Watch, and its air force flew aid airdrops to Nasir in May 2025. Local officials in Nasir attributed some March 2025 air strikes to Ugandan aircraft, and in December 2013 Riek Machar accused Uganda of bombing his forces at Bor. Neither government has published details of Ugandan air operations.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the South Sudan Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior was named Air Force Commander in June 2020, according to Eye Radio. No later appointment was found, so it is not confirmed that he still holds the post in 2026. President Salva Kiir is commander-in-chief.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is the South Sudan Air Force based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At Juba International Airport, which it shares with civil traffic and the UN mission; the UN Panel reported two helicopter hangars contracted there for US$16.4 million. Aircraft also operate from airstrips such as Paloich, Bor and Malakal.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the South Sudan Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24 \/ Mi-35<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-17, Mi-172 and Mi-17V-5<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aero L-39 Albatros<\/b><em>2016&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/s_2016_70.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan: final report, S\/2016\/70 (January 2016)<\/a><span>Paras 52, 55, 75, 78&ndash;79: Mi-24 attacks near Malakal in 2015; a Mi-24 kept at Paloich under SPLA headquarters control; at least three operational Mi-24s and one more awaited, bought from Motor Sich of Ukraine for $42.8 million, first instalment of $21 million paid through the Ministry of Petroleum and Mining; Diamond 42 reconnaissance aircraft at Juba military airport from July 2015; two helicopter hangars contracted for $16.4 million.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/s_2016_963.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan: report S\/2016\/963 (15 November 2016)<\/a><span>Para 49: L-39 jets documented with photographs and eyewitness accounts; First Vice-President Taban Deng Gai denied their presence on 28 September 2016. Para 12: two Mi-24s crossed about 6 km into the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 August 2016 attacking SPLM\/A-IO positions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/s_2017_326.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan: final report S\/2017\/326 (April 2017)<\/a><span>Para 43: offensives supported by Mi-24 attack helicopters &quot;that the government has procured since early 2014&quot;. Contains a section headed &quot;L-39 jet acquisitions&quot;, whose text could not be read in the copy reached.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/s_2017_979.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan: interim report S\/2017\/979 (20 November 2017)<\/a><span>Para 36: Mi-24s deployed in Wau town in April 2016; the Panel concluded this would not have happened without approval from senior officials including the then Chief of General Staff, Paul Malong.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D\/N2308247.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Panel of Experts on South Sudan: final report S\/2023\/294 (26 April 2023)<\/a><span>Read for aircraft: the arms-procurement chapter covers armoured vehicles and boats; no aircraft or air strikes are discussed in the text reached.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/spla-airforce-conduct-air-show\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: SPLA Air Force to conduct air show (7 July 2016)<\/a><span>SPLA spokesman Brig. Lul Ruai Koang announced that two jet fighters would fly over Juba from 7 to 9 July 2016 for the fifth Independence Day and asked the public &quot;not to panic&quot;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/sspdf-helicopter-returns-to-juba-after-emergency-landing-in-bor-army-denies-report\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: SSPDF helicopter returns to Juba after emergency landing in Bor; army denies report (21 October 2024)<\/a><span>A gunship flying from Malakal to Juba landed on Baidit Road in Bor on 20 October 2024 in bad weather and left from Bor airport on 21 October; confirmed by the Jonglei information minister, denied by the SSPDF spokesman after consulting &quot;our Air Force commander&quot;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/nasir-residents-in-panic-over-daily-sspdf-helicopters-patrol-mp\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Nasir residents in panic over daily SSPDF helicopters patrol: MP (18 July 2024)<\/a><span>MP Gatwech Lam Puoch on gunships over Nasir; the SSPDF spokesman called them routine flights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiotamazuj.org\/en\/news\/article\/nasir-airstrike-kills-21-civilians-local-sources-say\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Radio Tamazuj: UPDATED: Airstrike kills 21 civilians in Nasir (17 March 2025)<\/a><span>At least 21 civilians killed according to local officials and residents; witnesses blamed the SSPDF and the Ugandan army; the SSPDF could not be reached.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/renewed-airstrike-in-nasir-injures-woman-and-child-commissioner-confirms\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Renewed airstrike in Nasir injures woman and child, Commissioner confirms (19 March 2025)<\/a><span>Nasir commissioner James Gatluak Lew: 11 bombs at about 03:30 on 19 March 2025 from &quot;an Antonov aircraft from Uganda&quot;; a woman and a two-year-old injured. No army reply in the article.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/un-reports-sspdf-commander-several-soldiers-un-personnel-killed-in-nasir-helicopter-attack\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: UN reports SSPDF commander, several soldiers, UN personnel killed in Nasir helicopter attack (7 March 2025)<\/a><span>UNMISS statement by Nicholas Haysom on the attack on a UN helicopter evacuating SSPDF soldiers from Nasir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/sspdf-and-spla-io-trade-blames-over-wunaliet-airstrike-nyamini-withdrawal\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: SSPDF and SPLA-IO trade blames over Wunaliet airstrike, Nyamini withdrawal (25 March 2025)<\/a><span>SPLA-IO spokesman Col. Lam Paul Gabriel accused the SSPDF of bombing the Wunaliet cantonment site near Juba on the evening of 24 March 2025; the SSPDF spokesman said he was gathering information.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/4-killed-25-injured-in-fangak-airstrikes-including-9-month-old-official\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: 4 killed, 25 injured in Fangak airstrikes, including 9-month-old &mdash; Official (3 May 2025)<\/a><span>Fangak commissioner Biel Butros Biel: two gunships, a drone and a fixed-wing aircraft struck Old Fangak at about 04:00 on 3 May 2025; four killed and 25 wounded; MSF pharmacy burned; the SSPDF spokesman said he would respond when authorised.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2026\/country-chapters\/south-sudan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights Watch: World Report 2026, South Sudan<\/a><span>HRW findings for 2025: indiscriminate government aerial bombardment of opposition-held areas; at least 58 killed and 17 severely burnt by government incendiary weapons in Nasir, Longechuk and Ulang in early March; seven killed and at least 20 injured in the 3 May bombardment of the MSF hospital and market in Old Fangak; Ugandan troops deployed at South Sudan&rsquo;s request.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/msf-pieri-facility-in-jonglei-hit-in-airstrike\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: MSF Pieri facility in Jonglei hit in airstrike (4 December 2025)<\/a><span>A gunship helicopter fired on Pieri on the morning of 3 December 2025, hitting the MSF facility without casualties; strikes also reported at Lankien.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/jonglei-civil-society-condemns-reported-airstrike-killing-26-civilians-in-nyirol\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Jonglei civil society condemns reported airstrike killing 26 civilians in Nyirol (30 December 2025)<\/a><span>The Jonglei State Civil Network reported 26 civilians killed, including 11 children and 10 women, in a strike on Lankien on 29 December 2025 and blamed the SSPDF, which had not responded.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/governor-dollar-defends-bombardments-rejects-ethnic-targeting-claims\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Governor Dollar defends bombardments, rejects ethnic targeting claims (7 December 2025)<\/a><span>Upper Nile governor Jacob Dollar Ruot: places that attack government forces &quot;will be bombed&quot;; bombing has not targeted any one community.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/government-airstrike-hits-msf-hospital-in-south-sudans-jonglei-state\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: SSPDF airstrike hits MSF hospital in Lankien of Jonglei state (4 February 2026)<\/a><span>Strike late on 3 February 2026 destroyed the MSF hospital warehouse at Lankien; MSF said government forces are the only armed party able to carry out aerial attacks; no government comment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/msf-permanently-closes-jongleis-lankien-hospital-after-february-airstrike\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: MSF permanently closes Jonglei&rsquo;s Lankien hospital after February airstrike (29 April 2026)<\/a><span>MSF closed Lankien hospital after 31 years; it could not independently confirm responsibility but said government forces were believed to be the only actor with aerial bombing capability in the area; at least 12 violent incidents affected MSF since the start of 2025 and four hospitals were shut.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/ctsam-vm-reports-at-least-six-civilians-killed-in-recent-ceasefire-violations\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: CTSAM-VM reports at least six civilians killed in recent ceasefire violations (23 June 2026)<\/a><span>The ceasefire monitoring body was still investigating allegations of aerial bombardment in Panyijiar County, Unity state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/govt-denies-shooting-gunship\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Gov&rsquo;t denies shooting down of its gunship (18 May 2015)<\/a><span>Opposition forces claimed a government gunship shot down at Malakal; the Upper Nile information minister and the SPLA spokesman denied it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/50-killed-mundri-gunship-attack\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: 50 killed in Mundri gunship attack (28 November 2015)<\/a><span>Western Equatoria information minister Daniel Ezbon: 50 dead and over 100 wounded in a gunship attack in Mundri West County; the gunship was not identified and the army had not commented.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/kiir-reshuffles-top-sspdf-commanders-appoints-ex-spla-io-general\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Kiir reshuffles top SSPDF commanders, appoints ex-SPLA-IO general (12 June 2020)<\/a><span>Maj. Gen. Samson Mabior named Air Force Commander; Lt. Gen. Chol Thon Balok named deputy chief of defence forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/gunships-and-drones-will-come-for-you-vp-taban-warns-peace-spoilers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: &lsquo;Gunships and drones will come for you,&rsquo; VP Taban warns peace spoilers (9 May 2025)<\/a><span>Vice President Taban Deng Gai at Awerial, Lakes state, on 8 May 2025 warned that gunships and drones would be used against attackers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/ugandan-air-force-delivers-aid-in-joint-emergency-operation-in-nasir-and-ulang\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: Ugandan Air Force delivers aid in joint emergency operation in Nasir and Ulang (30 May 2025)<\/a><span>Uganda People&rsquo;s Defence Air Force airdrops of food to Nasir on 24&ndash;25 May 2025; no South Sudanese aircraft mentioned.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eyeradio.org\/sspdf-conducts-airstrikes-tensions-rise-as-in-warrap-state\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eye Radio: SSPDF conducts airstrikes as tensions rise in Warrap State (5 June 2025)<\/a><span>An SSPDF helicopter fired on armed youth in Tonj North and Gogrial East on 5 June 2025, injuring one man; the Warrap information minister, Mamer Bak, described it as intimidation requested by the state government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/download?ac=113841\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: World Air Forces 2025<\/a><span>Checked for South Sudan: no South Sudan entry was found in the text reached, so no FlightGlobal count is used.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Filip.vidinovski \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Daniel Hern&#225;ndez \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Anil &#214;ztas \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Articseahorse \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Ronnie Macdonald from Chelmsford and Largs, United Kingdom \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w15-ss-t-170.jpg)!important}#mfam 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