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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/nigerian-air-force\/\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Nigerian Air Force has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">Nigerian air strikes have repeatedly killed civilians, from the bombing of Biafran markets, schools and hospitals to the camp for displaced people at Rann in January 2017, where MSF counted about 90 dead and the ISS later cited 112; each toll is given with the source that reports it, and insurgent fighters killed are the air force&rsquo;s own claims and are not repeated. The December 2023 strike at Tudun Biri was by a Nigerian Army drone, not the air force. In Benin in December 2025, Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of media reports says President Talon asked for Nigeria&rsquo;s help, and Benin&rsquo;s government said its own forces had foiled the coup. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From the Biafran war of 1967 to the strikes on coup plotters in Benin in December 2025.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"South-eastern Nigeria (Biafra) Nigerian Air Force Alongside Soviet Union (aircraft and technicians) and Egypt (pilots) MiG-17 MiG-15UTI Il-28 L-29 Delf&#237;n\">\n<td>The Nigerian Civil War<span class=\"cwho\">the Biafran war<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1967&ndash;1970<\/td>\n<td>Biafra<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\">MiG-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\">MiG-15UTI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\">Il-28<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Bombed and strafed Biafran forces and towns, attacked the Uli airstrip and the relief airlift, and supported the federal ground offensives.<\/p>\n<p>Nigeria had no combat aircraft when the war began on 6 July 1967. After Biafran raids, Soviet MiG-17s reached Kano via Egypt from 13 August 1967, with Il-28 bombers based at Calabar and Port Harcourt. Wikipedia says about 200 Soviet technicians came with the MiGs and that Egyptian pilots flew them. Bombing of Biafran markets, schools and hospitals was widely reported abroad and, in Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary, helped win Biafra international sympathy. By spring 1969 European contract pilots had replaced the Egyptians. Biafra fought back with a small mercenary-flown force of B-25s, B-26s and Swedish MFI-9B light aircraft led by Carl Gustaf von Rosen and others, and depended on a night airlift into Uli that Nigerian aircraft attacked.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Federal victory; Biafra surrendered on 15 January 1970.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The number of MiG-17s (8 to 17) and the identity of foreign pilots rest on secondary sources cited by Wikipedia; casualty figures from the bombing of civilians are not given here because no reliable count was found.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>South-eastern Nigeria (Biafra)<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Soviet Union (aircraft and technicians) and Egypt (pilots)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Biafra<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\">MiG-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\">MiG-15UTI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\">Il-28<\/a>, L-29 Delf&#237;n<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Nigerian air losses not documented in the sources checked. Wikipedia&rsquo;s airlift article counts at least 29 relief aircrew killed in ten incidents, including the Red Cross DC-7 shot down on 5 June 1969.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_Civil_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biafran_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biafran_airlift\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/history\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Liberia Nigerian Air Force Alongside ECOWAS (ECOMOG) Alpha Jet C-130H\">\n<td>ECOMOG in Liberia<span class=\"cwho\">the First Liberian Civil War<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1990&ndash;1998<\/td>\n<td>National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Close air support, interdiction and anti-shipping strikes against Charles Taylor&rsquo;s NPFL for the ECOWAS force; airlift.<\/p>\n<p>Nigeria provided about 7,000 of ECOMOG&rsquo;s 11,000 troops and more than 70 per cent of its cost. Four Alpha Jets deployed in 1990 and hit Charles Taylor&rsquo;s headquarters, convoys, shipping and gun positions at the airport; the New York Times judged that they gave ECOMOG a decisive firepower advantage, as quoted by Wikipedia. In 1992 six aircraft under ECOMOG command flew about 3,000 missions, including bridge denial and night raids.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> ECOMOG completed its withdrawal from Liberia by the end of 1998.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Sortie figures come from Wikipedia&rsquo;s Alpha Jet article and were not checked against a primary source.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Liberia<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>ECOWAS (ECOMOG)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130H<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">About 3,000 combat missions by six Alpha Jets in 1992, per Wikipedia.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">No Alpha Jets lost, though some were damaged by ground fire (Wikipedia).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dassault\/Dornier_Alpha_Jet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States_Monitoring_Group\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/history\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Sierra Leone Nigerian Air Force Alongside ECOWAS (ECOMOG) and Government of Sierra Leone Alpha Jet\">\n<td>ECOMOG in Sierra Leone<span class=\"cwho\">the Sierra Leone Civil War<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1997&ndash;2000<\/td>\n<td>Armed Forces Revolutionary Council and Revolutionary United Front (RUF)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air strikes for the Nigerian-led ECOMOG force against the AFRC junta and the RUF, including the defence of Freetown in January 1999.<\/p>\n<p>ECOMOG deployed to Sierra Leone in 1997. In 1998 ECOMOG aircraft forced down a helicopter carrying the former junta leader Johnny Paul Koroma, per Wikipedia. Human Rights Watch&rsquo;s July 1999 report records that during the rebel attack on Freetown in January 1999 ECOMOG jets bombed a column of civilians whom rebels were using as human shields, and that ECOMOG&rsquo;s commander said troops had been told to &ldquo;kill everything&rdquo; if human shields were used again.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Not detailed in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">End year approximate and not confirmed in the sources checked. HRW does not name the aircraft type; the Alpha Jet attribution follows the air force&rsquo;s known deployment. Casualties of the Freetown bombing are not given by HRW in the passage checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Sierra Leone<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>ECOWAS (ECOMOG) and Government of Sierra Leone<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Armed Forces Revolutionary Council and Revolutionary United Front (RUF)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not documented in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1999\/sierra\/SIERLE99-04.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights Watch<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States_Monitoring_Group\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/history\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states; Lake Chad basin Nigerian Air Force Alongside Multinational Joint Task Force (Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Benin) Alpha Jet F-7NI A-29 Super Tucano JF-17 Mi-35 T129 CH-3\/CH-4 Wing Loong II DA62 King Air\">\n<td>Counter-insurgency in the north-east<span class=\"cwho\">Boko Haram and ISWAP; Operation Hadin Kai<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2013&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Boko Haram (JAS) and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">F-7NI<\/a>, A-29 Super Tucano<span class=\"cwho\">and 7 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air strikes, close air support, surveillance and airlift against Boko Haram (JAS) and Islamic State West Africa Province.<\/p>\n<p>Air power became central after 2013, and the authors of a 2025 study in The Conversation credit it with locating and destroying many insurgent camps. It also produced the service&rsquo;s worst mistake. On 17 January 2017 an air force aircraft bombed the camp for displaced people at Rann, Borno, during an aid distribution: MSF counted about 90 dead and said the toll might reach 170; the ISS later cited 112 killed and 97 injured. The military&rsquo;s inquiry blamed the lack of markings on the camp. The ISS also lists 17 killed at Sakotoku, Damboa, on 13 April 2020. The air force now says civilian harm mitigation is embedded in its doctrine.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Continuing.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Insurgent fighters killed are the air force&rsquo;s own claims and are not repeated here. Civilian tolls differ by source and are attributed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states; Lake Chad basin<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Multinational Joint Task Force (Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Benin)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Boko Haram (JAS) and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/chengdu-j-7\/\">F-7NI<\/a>, A-29 Super Tucano, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/jf-17-thunder\/\">JF-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-35<\/a>, T129, CH-3\/CH-4, Wing Loong II, DA62, King Air<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Over 8,500 A-29 operational hours by August 2024 (NAF figure via defenceWeb).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Several losses: an Alpha Jet in September 2014 and a disputed one in March 2021 (Wikipedia), an F-7NI near Yola on 10 October 2015, an Mi-171 in August 2023 (defenceWeb). No complete count published.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/west-africa-is-the-worlds-new-epicentre-for-terrorism-nigeria-is-expanding-its-air-force-in-response\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation via defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerian-refugee-camp-air-strike-death-toll-rises\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerian-refugee-camp-hit-by-air-strike-was-not-marked-on-maps-military\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerias-military-mistakes-cost-the-country-its-civilians\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ISS Africa via defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/10-000-flight-hours-milestone-for-nigerian-super-tucanos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dassault\/Dornier_Alpha_Jet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/another-nigerian-f-7ni-lost-in-a-crash\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/news\/naf-amnesty-international-strengthen-engagement-on-civilian-protection1515207438\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna, Niger, Sokoto and neighbouring states Nigerian Air Force No allied air arm Alpha Jet A-29 Super Tucano Mi-35 armed drones\">\n<td>Operations against armed gangs in the north-west and north-central states<span class=\"cwho\">the banditry crisis<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2021&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Armed bandit groups and Lakurawa<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, A-29 Super Tucano, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-35<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air strikes and surveillance against armed criminal gangs (&ldquo;bandits&rdquo;) and, from 2024, the Lakurawa group.<\/p>\n<p>Mistaken strikes have followed the air war west. ISS lists six children killed at Kurebe, Niger State, in April 2022 and a death at Kunkuna, Katsina, in July 2022, and 37 killed in Doma, Nasarawa, in January 2023. Wikipedia&rsquo;s list, citing media and SBM Intelligence, adds more than 60 at Daban Masara in 2021, 64 at Mutumji in December 2022, more than ten in Sokoto in December 2024 and 16 in Zamfara in January 2025, and SBM&rsquo;s total of over 400 civilians killed in such incidents between 2017 and 2025. The December 2023 strike at Tudun Biri, Kaduna, which ISS reports caused 120 casualties, was by a Nigerian Army drone, not the air force.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Continuing.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Start year is that of the earliest incident in the sources checked; operations began earlier. Several incident figures come from Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of media reports and were not checked against the original reports; the air force has not published its own tally.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna, Niger, Sokoto and neighbouring states<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Armed bandit groups and Lakurawa<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jet<\/a>, A-29 Super Tucano, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-35<\/a>, armed drones<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>1 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">An Alpha Jet was shot down on the Zamfara&ndash;Kaduna border on 18 July 2021; the pilot, Abayomi Dairo, ejected and evaded capture (NAF statement via Reuters).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/bandit-fire-brings-down-nigeria-air-force-jet-pilot-survives\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerias-military-mistakes-cost-the-country-its-civilians\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ISS Africa via defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"The Gambia Nigerian Air Force Alongside Senegal, Ghana and ECOWAS\">\n<td>ECOWAS intervention in the Gambia<span class=\"cwho\">ECOMIG<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<td>Forces loyal to Yahya Jammeh<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air support for the ECOWAS force that entered the Gambia to install President Adama Barrow.<\/p>\n<p>ECOWAS forces entered the Gambia on 19 January 2017 at the request of Adama Barrow, sworn in that day at the Gambian embassy in Dakar. Nigeria contributed air and sea support. Jammeh left two days later without a fight in the capital. defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2025 profile lists about 200 Nigerian personnel still with ECOMIG.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Jammeh left the country on 21 January 2017; Barrow returned on 26 January.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>The Gambia<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Senegal, Ghana and ECOWAS<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Forces loyal to Yahya Jammeh<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">No air losses reported.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/african-militaries\/nigeria\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Cotonou, Benin Nigerian Air Force Alongside Government of Benin and ECOWAS A-29 Super Tucano\">\n<td>Intervention against the Benin coup attempt<span class=\"cwho\">7 December 2025<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Nigerian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2025<\/td>\n<td>Military Committee for Refoundation (coup plotters)<\/td>\n<td>A-29 Super Tucano<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air strikes and armed patrols over Cotonou against the soldiers who had announced President Patrice Talon&rsquo;s removal.<\/p>\n<p>On 7 December 2025 soldiers calling themselves the Military Committee for Refoundation announced on state television that President Talon had been removed. President Tinubu ordered Nigerian fighter jets to &ldquo;take over the airspace to help dislodge the coup plotters from the National TV and a military camp&rdquo;, and defenceWeb reported that Nigerian Air Force aircraft carried out strikes in Benin that day. Tinubu said the forces &ldquo;acted within the ambit of the ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance&rdquo;. Benin&rsquo;s government said its own forces had foiled the attempt. ECOWAS then deployed troops from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire and Ghana.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The coup attempt failed; Benin reported 14 arrests.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Nigerian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Cotonou, Benin<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Government of Benin and ECOWAS<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Military Committee for Refoundation (coup plotters)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>A-29 Super Tucano<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Two A-29s patrolling for about five hours, per Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of media reports.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">None reported.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/governance\/governance-governance\/weekend-benin-coup-attempt-fails-ecowas-deploys-troops\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/history\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force: History<\/a><span>Idea born in 1961 after foreign air forces airlifted Nigerian troops for the Congo and Tanganyika; Act of Parliament 1964; recruiting from June 1962; cadets trained in Ethiopia, Canada and India; German technical assistance from 1963; MiG-15 and MiG-17 acquired in the civil war; expansion 1981&ndash;1990; Decree 105 of 23 August 1994; six commands; F-7NI, ATR 42 MPA and Agusta helicopters around 2010; peacekeeping in Lebanon (1978&ndash;82), Chad (1983), Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda, Liberia and Sierra Leone.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airforce.mil.ng\/news\/naf-amnesty-international-strengthen-engagement-on-civilian-protection1515207438\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nigerian Air Force: NAF, Amnesty International strengthen engagement on civilian protection (September 2026)<\/a><span>AVM Edward Gabkwet: civilian harm mitigation &ldquo;is embedded in NAF doctrine and incorporated into the planning and conduct of air operations&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/african-militaries\/nigeria\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: African Military Profile: Nigeria (Armand Liebenberg, 5 December 2025, updated 28 May 2026)<\/a><span>Armed forces 135,000 of which air force 15,000; 2024 defence budget N1,647.9 billion (about US$1.10 billion, 0.70 per cent of GDP); air force inventory incl. Mi-24\/35 26, T129 2 (+4), C-130 4, CH-3 2, CH-4 4, Wing Loong II 2; command structure; &ldquo;decades of neglect, which saw much of the force grounded&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/10-000-flight-hours-milestone-for-nigerian-super-tucanos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: 10 000 flight hours milestone for Nigerian Super Tucanos (August 2024)<\/a><span>10,000 hours in about three years, over 8,500 in operational sorties, &ldquo;without any major incident&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/west-africa-is-the-worlds-new-epicentre-for-terrorism-nigeria-is-expanding-its-air-force-in-response\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation via defenceWeb: West Africa is the world&rsquo;s new epicentre for terrorism &ndash; Nigeria is expanding its air force in response (Oyewole, Okpaleke and Ojewale, 6 August 2025)<\/a><span>18,000 personnel and 61 combat-capable aircraft in 2024; A-29s at US$496 million; US$618 million loan approved October 2024; criticism over accidental strikes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/another-nigerian-f-7ni-lost-in-a-crash\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Another Nigerian F-7Ni lost in a crash (17 July 2023)<\/a><span>FT-7NI lost at Makurdi on 14 July 2023, both pilots ejected; earlier losses 2011 (two), 2012, 2015 and a 2018 mid-air collision (two aircraft, one pilot killed); 12 F-7NI and 3 FT-7NI delivered 2009&ndash;2010; a further FT-7NI donated by Chengdu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/bandit-fire-brings-down-nigeria-air-force-jet-pilot-survives\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters): Bandit fire brings down Nigeria air force jet, pilot survives (20 July 2021)<\/a><span>Alpha Jet lost on 18 July 2021 on the Zamfara&ndash;Kaduna border; pilot Abayomi Dairo ejected; NAF: &ldquo;came under intense enemy fire which led to its crash&rdquo;; Reuters could not verify.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerian-refugee-camp-air-strike-death-toll-rises\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters): Nigerian refugee camp air strike death toll rises (23 January 2017)<\/a><span>MSF: around 90 dead, possibly up to 170 according to residents and community leaders; aircraft circled twice and dropped two bombs during an aid distribution; NAF called it accidental.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerian-refugee-camp-hit-by-air-strike-was-not-marked-on-maps-military\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb (Reuters): Nigerian refugee camp hit by air strike was not marked on maps &ndash; military (21 July 2017)<\/a><span>Military inquiry: &ldquo;The main reason that caused the unfortunate air strike near the IDP camp at Rann, was lack of appropriate marking of the area.&rdquo;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/human-security\/nigerias-military-mistakes-cost-the-country-its-civilians\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ISS Africa via defenceWeb: Nigeria&rsquo;s military mistakes cost the country its civilians (13 December 2023)<\/a><span>Tudun Biri, 5 December 2023, Nigerian Army drone, 120 casualties reported; Rann 112 killed and 97 injured; other NAF strikes 2020&ndash;2022; Punch tally of over 425 killed by accidental bombings 2017&ndash;2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/governance\/governance-governance\/weekend-benin-coup-attempt-fails-ecowas-deploys-troops\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Weekend Benin coup attempt fails; ECOWAS deploys troops (8 December 2025)<\/a><span>Nigerian Air Force aircraft struck in Benin on 7 December 2025; statements by President Tinubu and Benin&rsquo;s interior minister.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1999\/sierra\/SIERLE99-04.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights Watch: Sierra Leone: Getting Away with Murder, Mutilation, Rape (July 1999), section on ECOMOG abuses<\/a><span>ECOMOG jets bombed a column of civilians used as human shields in Freetown in January 1999; ECOMOG commander&rsquo;s response.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/nigerian-air-force\/\">Back to the Nigerian Air Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam 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