{"id":31862,"date":"2026-10-08T14:03:42","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=31862"},"modified":"2026-10-08T18:27:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T16:27:34","slug":"northrop","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuzeyrop"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-31862 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-31862 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-31862 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-31862{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-31862 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-31862 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-31862 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;--bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam hr.divider{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.15} #mfam h3{font-size:20px;margin:36px 0 12px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .sh{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--blue);margin:30px 0 8px;line-height:1.4} #mfam .cols>div:first-child>.sh:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:17px;max-width:70ch;margin:0} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .imp{color:#8a93a3;font-weight:400} #mfam .spx-lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d4654;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px} #mfam .spx-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#697386;margin-top:18px;max-width:860px} #mfam .hero{position:relative;background:#10141d;padding:96px 0 0;overflow:hidden} #mfam .hero::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 10%,rgba(92,145,255,.22),transparent 55%),radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 90%,rgba(92,145,255,.10),transparent 50%)} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .native{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);margin-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} #mfam .pull{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} #mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,150px) minmax(0,1fr);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 20px;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt{color:#4a5566;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;min-width:0} #mfam ul.gl,#mfam #basetbl td>ul{list-style:none!important;margin:2px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li{position:relative;padding-left:14px!important;line-height:1.55;margin:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li+li{margin-top:3px!important} #mfam .gl.tl li{padding-left:12px} #mfam .gl.tl li::before{width:4px;height:4px;top:.66em} #mfam .gl li::before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:.6em;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--blue)} #mfam .gnote{display:block;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:7px} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin-top:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam table.oobt td{padding:11px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:#0d1117;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;line-height:1.5} #mfam table.oobt tr:nth-child(odd) td{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(4),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(5),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(4),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(6){text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left!important} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4){font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span+span{margin-top:7px} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span+span{display:block;margin-left:62px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span:first-child{display:inline-block;min-width:62px} #mfam .cname{white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(6),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(4),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(3),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(4){color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt td a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam table.oobt td a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam table.oobt.former td{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt.former td a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt tr.hot td{background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.mapjump{cursor:pointer} #mfam table.oobt td small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45} #mfam .tscroll{overflow-x:auto} #mfam .pill{display:inline-block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid #0d1117;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .pill.was{border-color:#c3cddb;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .pill.mig{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)}#mfam #basetbl td:first-child>span{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul{margin:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li{margin:0 0 6px!important;padding:0!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:#0d1117}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span:first-child{color:inherit}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span a{color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was a,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span a{color:var(--txt3)}#mfam .migbtn{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-top:8px;max-width:13em;padding:5px 9px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);line-height:1.4;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}#mfam .migbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .fleetchart{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 28px;margin-top:22px} #mfam .frow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 64px;align-items:center;gap:16px;height:38px} #mfam .fname{font-size:14px;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis} #mfam .fbar{display:block;background:#eef1f6;height:16px} #mfam .fbar i{display:block;height:16px;background:#5C91FF} #mfam .fnum{font-size:14px;text-align:right;color:#3d4654;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .mapframe{border:1px solid var(--blue);margin-top:22px;position:relative} #mfam .oobmap{height:560px;width:100%;background:#f4f6f9} #mfam .oobmap.home{height:520px} #mfam .mapsub{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin:34px 0 4px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.2} #mfam .mapnote{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.55;max-width:62em} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group,#mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button{border-radius:0!important} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group{box-shadow:none!important;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button+button{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib{font-size:10px;color:var(--txt3);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85)!important;font-family:inherit} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-content{border-radius:0;box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(13,17,23,.14);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-bottom .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-top-color:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-top .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup{max-width:300px!important;pointer-events:auto} #mfam .mf-pin{width:14px;height:14px;background:#0d1117;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #0d1117;transition:transform .15s ease;cursor:pointer} #mfam .mf-pin.was{background:#fff;border:2px solid #8b94a5;box-shadow:none} #mfam .mf-pin.mig{background:#5C91FF;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #5C91FF;width:16px;height:16px} #mfam .mf-pin.hot,#mfam .mf-pin:hover{transform:scale(1.35)} #mfam .bp{width:270px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.5} #mfam .bp-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp.was .bp-head{background:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp.mig .bp-head{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .bp-name{font-size:16px;padding:12px 14px 2px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-sub{font-size:12px;color:#8b94a5;padding:0 14px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .bp dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .bp dt,#mfam .bp dd{margin:0;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12.5px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.45} #mfam .bp dt{color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif} #mfam .bp dt small{display:block;color:#8b94a5;font-size:11px} #mfam .bp dd{text-align:right} #mfam .bp dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .bp dd a.was,#mfam .bp.was dd a{color:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .bp dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-link{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-link:hover{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-fly{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#5C91FF;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .legend{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;background:#fff;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px} #mfam .dot{width:11px;height:11px;display:inline-block;background:#0d1117} #mfam .dot.was{background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #8b94a5} #mfam .dot.mig{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .oob{border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;background:#fff} #mfam .oob>div{background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob>div a{color:#fff} #mfam .oob>div em{font-style:normal;opacity:.6} #mfam .oob dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0} #mfam .oob dt,#mfam .oob dd{padding:11px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5} #mfam .oob dt{color:#0d1117} #mfam .oob dt small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left} #mfam .oob dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .oob dt.was,#mfam .oob dd.was,#mfam .oob dd.was a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oob dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .oob dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px;margin-top:4px} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 26px;font-size:18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 26px 24px;font-size:16px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .ad .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;padding:14px 26px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ad .btn:hover{background:#fff;color:#0d1117} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:20px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:15px;padding:0} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:13.5px;display:block} #mfam .verified{font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:18px} #mfam{--red:#d8232a;--green:#1f9d63;--amber:#c9821a} #mfam .hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United States<\/div>\n<h1>Northrop<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Northrop Corporation &middot; Northrop Aircraft, Inc.<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The company that bet everything on the flying wing, lost, sold thousands of cheap little F-5 and T-38 jets instead, and then came back forty years later with the B-2.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1939<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop-grumman\/\">Northrop Grumman<\/a> in 1994<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>26<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>34<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Julian Herzog \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United States<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1939<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>John Knudsen &ldquo;Jack&rdquo; Northrop, Moye Stephens<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Hawthorne, California<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop-grumman\/\">Northrop Grumman<\/a> in 1994<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Northrop: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A draughtsman with one idea<\/h3>\n<p>Jack Northrop never went to university. He started in 1916 as a draughtsman for the Loughead brothers in Santa Barbara, helped Douglas design the World Cruisers that first flew round the globe, and then drew the Lockheed Vega, the fast wooden monoplane that Amelia Earhart and Wiley Post made famous. All the while one idea nagged at him: get rid of the fuselage and the tail, and let <span class=\"imp\">the whole aircraft be a wing<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Third time lucky in Hawthorne<\/h3>\n<p>It took him three companies to find a home for it. Avion, founded in 1929, was sold to United Aircraft and Transport within a year. A second Northrop Corporation, set up in El Segundo in 1932 with Donald Douglas&rsquo;s backing, built the Gamma and Delta and the A-17 attack bomber, then slid into Douglas&rsquo;s hands. So in 1939 he started again, on a patch of land in Hawthorne that co-founder Moye Stephens, a stunt and airline pilot, had picked out. This time the company was his.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The wings they cut up<\/h3>\n<p>War made it. The first contract was 24 N-3PB floatplanes for exiled Norwegian airmen, and then came the P-61 Black Widow, the first American aircraft designed from the outset as a radar night fighter; 706 were built. Meanwhile the flying wings grew from the little N-1M of 1940 to the giant piston XB-35 and the eight-jet YB-49. In June 1948 the second YB-49 broke up over the Mojave, killing Captain Glen Edwards, whose name the test base still carries. The production order was cancelled and by the early 1950s the surviving wings had been scrapped.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The fighter nobody ordered<\/h3>\n<p>Northrop went into a long, bitter retirement in 1952. Three decades later he claimed in a television interview that the Air Force had killed the wing because he refused to merge with Consolidated Vultee; Air Force Secretary Stuart Symington called the charge preposterous, and later historians who studied the papers sided with the budget, not the conspiracy. Either way, the company had to find another way to make money, and it did it with small jets.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Tom Jones and the dark years<\/h3>\n<p>In the mid-1950s Northrop designed a light, cheap, twin-engine supersonic fighter that no American service had asked for. The Air Force bought the trainer version instead: the T-38 Talon, the world&rsquo;s first supersonic trainer, 1,187 of them by 1972, and still the jet in which American fighter pilots learn their trade. The fighter became the F-5, sold to allies through US aid programmes; together the two shared a production line in Hawthorne that turned out more than 3,800 aircraft.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Ten months to see the B-2<\/h3>\n<p>The man who sold them was Thomas V. Jones, president from 1959 and chairman from 1963. His era was spectacular and murky. In 1974 he pleaded guilty over illegal corporate donations to Nixon&rsquo;s re-election committee, and the company later admitted some $30 million in payments to officials abroad. The private-venture F-20 Tigershark, flown in 1982, found no buyers; two of the three prototypes crashed and the programme was dropped in 1986. In February 1990 Northrop pleaded guilty to 34 counts of falsifying test data on cruise missile and Harrier parts.<\/p>\n<p>And yet the old idea won. In 1981 Northrop was picked to build a stealth bomber shaped exactly like Jack&rsquo;s wing, with the same 172-foot span as the YB-49. Shortly before he died in February 1981, the frail founder was cleared to hold a model of it; he reportedly wrote that he now knew why God had kept him alive for 25 years. The B-2 flew in 1989, only 21 were built, and in 1994 Northrop paid $2.17 billion for Grumman and became Northrop Grumman.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">As he held this model in his shaking hands, it was as if you could see his entire history with the flying wing passing through his mind.<cite>John Cashen &middot; B-2 project designer, on showing Jack Northrop the bomber model, 1980<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">a tremendous deterrent to corporations who choose to cut corners on certifications of tests on significant military programs<cite>William F. Fahey &middot; Assistant US Attorney, on Northrop&rsquo;s $17 million fine, February 1990<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Northrop in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1939<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded in Hawthorne, California, by Jack Northrop; site chosen by co-founder Moye Stephens<\/li>\n<li>Jack Northrop&rsquo;s third company, after Avion (1929) and the Douglas-backed Northrop Corporation (1932)<\/li>\n<li>Led by Thomas V. Jones from 1959 to 1990<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>F-5, T-38, B-2<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>P-61 Black Widow night fighter, 706 built<\/li>\n<li>F-89 Scorpion interceptor, 1,052 built<\/li>\n<li>More than 3,800 F-5s and T-38s built in Hawthorne<\/li>\n<li>21 B-2 Spirit stealth bombers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Part of Northrop Grumman<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Bought Grumman for $2.17 billion in April 1994<\/li>\n<li>The flying-wing line continues in the Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Northrop Grumman is headquartered in West Falls Church, Virginia.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>F-5 family built<\/dt>\n<dd>2,246 (F-5A\/B and F-5E\/F)<\/dd>\n<dt>T-38 Talon built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,187 plus two prototypes<span class=\"gnote\">1961&ndash;1972<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>F-5 and T-38 built at Hawthorne<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 3,800<\/dd>\n<dt>B-2 programme cost<\/dt>\n<dd>$44.75 billion (1997 dollars), about $2.13 billion per aircraft<\/dd>\n<dt>Grumman purchase price<\/dt>\n<dd>$2.17 billion ($62 a share)<span class=\"gnote\">1994<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combined Northrop Grumman at merger<\/dt>\n<dd>about $8 billion sales, more than 48,000 employees<span class=\"gnote\">1994<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Debt<\/dt>\n<dd>from $215 million (1984) to $1.1 billion (1989)<\/dd>\n<dt>Overseas payments admitted<\/dt>\n<dd>about $30 million (Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia)<span class=\"gnote\">1970s<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Northrop aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop N-3PB<\/b><em>Patrol floatplane &middot; first flight 1940 &middot; 24 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-61-black-widow\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop P-61 Black Widow<\/b><em>Night fighter &middot; first flight 1942 &middot; 706 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-89-scorpion\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop F-89 Scorpion<\/b><em>All-weather interceptor &middot; first flight 1948 &middot; 1,052 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop T-38 Talon<\/b><em>Supersonic advanced trainer &middot; first flight 1959 &middot; 1,189 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/b><em>Light fighter &middot; first flight 1959<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/b><em>Light fighter &middot; first flight 1972 &middot; about 1,400 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yf-17-cobra\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop YF-17 Cobra<\/b><em>Prototype lightweight fighter &middot; first flight 1974 &middot; 2 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-20-tigershark\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop F-20 Tigershark<\/b><em>Private-venture light fighter &middot; first flight 1982 &middot; 3 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-2-spirit\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop B-2 Spirit<\/b><em>Stealth strategic bomber &middot; first flight 1989 &middot; 21 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph10\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Northrop YF-23<\/b><em>Prototype stealth fighter &middot; first flight 1990 &middot; 2 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: U.S. Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information. Domestic Operations Branc \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); U.S. Army Air Forces (public domain); U.S. Air Force &#183; Public domain; Jill Pickett &#183; U.S. Air Force &#183; Public domain; U.S. Navy &#183; Public domain; NASA &#183; Public domain; U.S. Air Force \/ Staff Sgt. Bennie J. Davis II &#183; Public domain; US Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (public domain)<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop Alpha<\/td>\n<td>Single-engine mail and passenger transport<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built under Northrop&rsquo;s earlier companies; all-metal stressed-skin pioneer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop Gamma<\/td>\n<td>Single-engine transport, record aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1932<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>El Segundo company (1932&ndash;1937)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop A-17 \/ Nomad<\/td>\n<td>Attack bomber<\/td>\n<td>1935<\/td>\n<td>411<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>El Segundo company, later Douglas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop N-1M<\/td>\n<td>Experimental flying wing<\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First of Jack Northrop&rsquo;s true flying wings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop N-3PB<\/td>\n<td>Patrol floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for exiled Norwegian naval airmen; first Hawthorne production type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-61-black-widow\/\">Northrop P-61 Black Widow<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Night fighter<\/td>\n<td>1942<\/td>\n<td>706<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First US aircraft designed as a radar night fighter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet<\/td>\n<td>Prototype tailless fighter<\/td>\n<td>1943<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Welded magnesium structure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop F-15 Reporter<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>1945<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Photo-reconnaissance development of the P-61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop XP-79<\/td>\n<td>Prototype jet flying-wing fighter<\/td>\n<td>1945<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop YB-35<\/td>\n<td>Prototype strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piston-engined flying wing; XB-35 first flew 25 June 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop YB-49<\/td>\n<td>Prototype jet strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1947<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eight jets; second aircraft crashed 5 June 1948 killing Glen Edwards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-89-scorpion\/\">Northrop F-89 Scorpion<\/a><\/td>\n<td>All-weather interceptor<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td>1,052<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First combat aircraft armed with an air-to-air nuclear weapon (Genie)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop X-4 Bantam<\/td>\n<td>Experimental tailless transonic aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop YC-125 Raider<\/td>\n<td>Trimotor STOL transport<\/td>\n<td>1949<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop SM-62 Snark<\/td>\n<td>Intercontinental cruise missile<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built at Hawthorne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\">Northrop T-38 Talon<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Supersonic advanced trainer<\/td>\n<td>1959<\/td>\n<td>1,189<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>World&rsquo;s first and most-produced supersonic trainer; 1,187 production plus 2 prototypes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Light fighter<\/td>\n<td>1959<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>624 F-5As built to 1972; the whole F-5 family totals 2,246<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Light fighter<\/td>\n<td>1972<\/td>\n<td>about 1,400<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>A total of 1,400 Tiger IIs per Wikipedia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop X-21<\/td>\n<td>Laminar-flow research aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1963<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop M2-F2 \/ HL-10<\/td>\n<td>Rocket lifting bodies<\/td>\n<td>1966<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for NASA; M2-F2 later rebuilt as M2-F3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop YA-9<\/td>\n<td>Prototype attack aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1972<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lost the A-X contest to the A-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yf-17-cobra\/\">Northrop YF-17 Cobra<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Prototype lightweight fighter<\/td>\n<td>1974<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basis of the McDonnell Douglas F\/A-18 Hornet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop Tacit Blue<\/td>\n<td>Stealth technology demonstrator<\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-20-tigershark\/\">Northrop F-20 Tigershark<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Private-venture light fighter<\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>No orders; two prototypes crashed; about $1.2 billion programme cancelled 1986<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-2-spirit\/\">Northrop B-2 Spirit<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Stealth strategic bomber<\/td>\n<td>1989<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First public flight Palmdale to Edwards; 132 originally planned<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Northrop YF-23<\/td>\n<td>Prototype stealth fighter<\/td>\n<td>1990<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lost the ATF contest to the YF-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Northrop aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">34 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Northrop types. <span class=\"imp\">18 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/turkish-air-force\/\">Turkish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Canadair \/ Northrop NF-5A\/B 2000<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\">Northrop T-38M Talon<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-naval-aviation\/\">United States Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5F\/N Tiger II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\">Northrop T-38 Talon<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/brazilian-air-force\/\">Brazilian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5EM\/FM Tiger II (modernised by Embraer)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/chilean-air-force\/\">Chilean Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tigre III<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/german-air-force\/\">German Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Northrop T-38C Talon<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/honduran-air-force\/\">Honduran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/islamic-republic-of-iran-air-force\/\">Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter and RF-5A<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/kenya-air-force\/\">Kenya Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/mexican-air-force\/\">Mexican Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/republic-of-korea-air-force\/\">Republic of Korea Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II and KF-5E\/F Jegong-ho<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-bahraini-air-force\/\">Royal Bahraini Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-moroccan-air-force\/\">Royal Moroccan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II (F-5E Tiger III)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter and RF-5A<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-thai-air-force\/\">Royal Thai Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II (F-5TH Super Tigris)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/swiss-air-force\/\">Swiss Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/tunisian-air-force\/\">Tunisian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\">Northrop T-38C Talon<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-89-scorpion\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-89 Scorpion<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yf-23-black-widow\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop and McDonnell Douglas YF-23<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-marine-corps-aviation\/\">United States Marine Corps Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5N\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/yemeni-air-force\/\">Yemeni Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\">Northrop F-5E Tiger II and F-5B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/austrian-air-force\/\">Austrian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E Tiger II (leased from Switzerland)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ethiopian-air-force\/\">Ethiopian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E Tiger II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A and F-5B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/hellenic-air-force\/\">Hellenic Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B and RF-5A Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indonesian-air-force\/\">Indonesian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/iraqi-air-force\/\">Iraqi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Northrop 8A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/philippine-air-force\/\">Philippine Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/portuguese-air-force\/\">Portuguese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-38-talon\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop T-38A Talon<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/republic-of-china-air-force\/\">Republic of China Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B, F-5E\/F Tiger II and RF-5E Tigergazer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 111, Northrop Gamma and Curtiss A-12 Shrike<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/republic-of-singapore-air-force\/\">Republic of Singapore Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II, F-5S\/T and RF-5S<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Northrop Delta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-jordanian-air-force\/\">Royal Jordanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B and F-5E\/F<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-malaysian-air-force\/\">Royal Malaysian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II, F-5B and RF-5E Tigereye<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-norwegian-air-force\/\">Royal Norwegian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A\/B Freedom Fighter<\/a>, Northrop N-3PB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-saudi-air-force\/\">Royal Saudi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II and RF-5E<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sudanese-air-force\/\">Sudanese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5E\/F Tiger II<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/vietnam-air-defence-air-force\/\">Vietnam Air Defence &ndash; Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/northrop-f-5\/\" class=\"was\">Northrop F-5A and F-5E (captured)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Northrop built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Hawthorne plant<\/b> &middot; Hawthorne, California &mdash; Headquarters and main works from 1939; built the P-61, F-89, Snark, F-5 and T-38<\/li>\n<li><b>Air Force Plant 42<\/b> &middot; Palmdale, California &mdash; B-2 final assembly; bomber rolled out here 22 November 1988<\/li>\n<li><b>Precision Products Division<\/b> &middot; Norwood, Massachusetts &mdash; Site of the falsified test data in the 1990 guilty plea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Jack Northrop<\/b> &middot; founder, designer (1895&ndash;1981) &mdash; Led the company 1939&ndash;1952; designed the Vega at Lockheed before going it alone<\/li>\n<li><b>Moye Stephens<\/b> &middot; co-founder, pilot &mdash; Chose the Hawthorne site<\/li>\n<li><b>Thomas V. Jones<\/b> &middot; president 1959, chairman 1963, retired 1990 &mdash; Drove the F-5 and B-2; pleaded guilty over Nixon campaign donations in 1974<\/li>\n<li><b>Kent Kresa<\/b> &middot; chief executive from January 1990 &mdash; Led the Grumman takeover<\/li>\n<li><b>Glen Edwards<\/b> &middot; USAF test pilot &mdash; Killed in the YB-49 crash of 5 June 1948; Edwards AFB named after him<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>P-61 Black Widow: first US aircraft designed as a night fighter<\/li>\n<li>F-89 Scorpion: first combat aircraft armed with air-to-air nuclear weapons<\/li>\n<li>T-38 Talon: world&rsquo;s first supersonic trainer and the most produced<\/li>\n<li>N-156F prototype went supersonic on its first flight, 30 July 1959<\/li>\n<li>northrop.com, registered in 1985, was the sixth .com domain ever created<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Northrop, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1929<\/div>\n<p>Jack Northrop founds Avion Corporation; sold to United Aircraft and Transport within a year<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1932<\/div>\n<p>Second Northrop Corporation founded in El Segundo with Donald Douglas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>Northrop founds the independent company in Hawthorne, California<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>N-1M flying wing and N-3PB floatplane fly<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>P-61 Black Widow first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>XB-35 piston flying wing flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>Second YB-49 crashes, killing Glen Edwards and four others<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Jack Northrop retires at 57<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>T-38 (10 April) and N-156F (30 July) first flights; Thomas V. Jones becomes president<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1972<\/div>\n<p>T-38 production ends at 1,187<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>Jones pleads guilty over illegal donations to Nixon&rsquo;s re-election committee<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>Northrop chosen as prime contractor for the stealth bomber; Jack Northrop dies 18 February<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1986<\/div>\n<p>F-20 Tigershark cancelled after six years without a buyer<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1987<\/div>\n<p>F-5 production ends<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>B-2 first flight, Palmdale to Edwards<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>Guilty plea to 34 counts of false test data; $17 million fine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>YF-23 flies; loses the ATF contest<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>Grumman accepts Northrop&rsquo;s $2.17 billion bid; Northrop Grumman formed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Northrop<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop-grumman\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Northrop Grumman<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Formed when Northrop bought Grumman in April 1994<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Northrop Grumman page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Northrop<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who founded Northrop?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Jack Northrop founded the company in Hawthorne, California, in 1939, his third firm after Avion (1929) and a Douglas-backed Northrop Corporation (1932).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Northrop the same as Northrop Grumman?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Northrop Grumman was created in 1994 when Northrop bought Grumman for $2.17 billion. The original Northrop company no longer exists on its own.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is Northrop&rsquo;s most-produced aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The F-5 family, with 2,246 built, followed by the T-38 Talon trainer with 1,187. More than 3,800 of the two came off the Hawthorne line.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Northrop build flying wings?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Jack Northrop believed a tailless all-wing aircraft was the most efficient shape. His YB-35 and YB-49 bombers were cancelled in 1949, but the idea returned in the B-2 Spirit.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many B-2 bombers were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">21, against an original plan for 132, at a programme cost of about $44.75 billion in 1997 dollars.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who founded Northrop?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Jack Northrop founded the company in Hawthorne, California, in 1939, his third firm after Avion (1929) and a Douglas-backed Northrop Corporation (1932).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Northrop the same as Northrop Grumman?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Northrop Grumman was created in 1994 when Northrop bought Grumman for $2.17 billion. The original Northrop company no longer exists on its own.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Northrop\\u2019s most-produced aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The F-5 family, with 2,246 built, followed by the T-38 Talon trainer with 1,187. More than 3,800 of the two came off the Hawthorne line.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Northrop build flying wings?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Jack Northrop believed a tailless all-wing aircraft was the most efficient shape. His YB-35 and YB-49 bombers were cancelled in 1949, but the idea returned in the B-2 Spirit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many B-2 bombers were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"21, against an original plan for 132, at a programme cost of about $44.75 billion in 1997 dollars.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Northrop<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bell<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Buffalo firm that built America&rsquo;s first jet fighter and the first aircraft through the sound barrier reinvented itself as the helicopter company &mdash; and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bell page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Cessna<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Kansas farm boy&rsquo;s backyard monoplane grew into the company that has built more aeroplanes than anyone &mdash; from the Skyhawk most pilots learn on to the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Cessna page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_Corporation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop Corporation &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Northrop\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Jack Northrop &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_Grumman\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop Grumman &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_F-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop F-5 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_T-38_Talon\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop T-38 Talon &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_B-2_Spirit\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop B-2 Spirit &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_YB-49\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop YB-49 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop F-89 Scorpion &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop F-20 Tigershark &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_V._Jones\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas V. Jones &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/articles\/2014\/thomas-v-jones-risk-taking-ceo-who-propelled-northrops.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas V. Jones, Risk-Taking CEO Who Propelled Northrop&rsquo;s Expansion &ndash; RAND, 2014<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.company-histories.com\/Northrop-Grumman-Corporation-Company-History.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop Grumman Corporation &ndash; Company History (International Directory of Company Histories)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1994\/04\/04\/Grumman-accepts-Northrops-takeover-bid\/7604765432000\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Grumman accepts Northrop&rsquo;s takeover bid &ndash; UPI, 4 April 1994<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deseret.com\/1990\/2\/28\/18848736\/northrop-admits-falsifying-data-on-tests-for-2-military-projects\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Northrop admits falsifying data on tests for 2 military projects &ndash; Deseret News, 28 February 1990<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-bh-t-402.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/w4-no-t-13.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/northrop-p-61-black-widow-in-flight.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/northrop-f-89-scorpion-in-flight.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph5{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/northrop-t-38-talon-in-flight-scaled.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph6{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/northrop-f-5n-tiger-ii-navy-aggressor.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph7{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/northrop-yf-17-cobra-in-flight-nasa.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph8{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/northrop-f-20-tigershark-in-flight.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph9{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/northrop-b-2-spirit-in-flight.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph10{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-yf-23-black-widow-ii.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"flt-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"flt-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div id=\"shr-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; United States Northrop Northrop Corporation &middot; Northrop Aircraft, Inc. The company that bet everything on the flying wing, lost, sold thousands of cheap little F-5 and T-38 jets instead, and then came back forty years later with the B-2. 1939Founded Merged into Northrop Grumman in 1994Status 26Aircraft on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31862","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Northrop | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/ucak-ureticileri\/northrop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Northrop | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; United States Northrop Northrop Corporation &middot; Northrop Aircraft, Inc. The company that bet everything on the flying wing, lost, sold thousands of cheap little F-5 and T-38 jets instead, and then came back forty years later with the B-2. 1939Founded Merged into Northrop Grumman in 1994Status 26Aircraft on [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/ucak-ureticileri\/northrop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-08T16:27:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"12 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/northrop\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/northrop\\\/\",\"name\":\"Northrop | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-08T12:03:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-08T16:27:34+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/northrop\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/northrop\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/northrop\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Aircraft Manufacturers\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft-manufacturers\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Northrop\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Northrop | MiGFlug","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/ucak-ureticileri\/northrop\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Northrop | MiGFlug","og_description":"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; United States Northrop Northrop Corporation &middot; Northrop Aircraft, Inc. The company that bet everything on the flying wing, lost, sold thousands of cheap little F-5 and T-38 jets instead, and then came back forty years later with the B-2. 1939Founded Merged into Northrop Grumman in 1994Status 26Aircraft on [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/ucak-ureticileri\/northrop\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-08T16:27:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"12 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/","name":"Northrop | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-08T12:03:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-08T16:27:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/northrop\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Aircraft Manufacturers","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Northrop"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"MiGFlug","description":"Jet Sava\u015f U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kendiniz U\u00e7urun","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31862"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34568,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31862\/revisions\/34568"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}