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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<h1>Handley Page<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Handley Page Limited &middot; Handley Page (Reading) Ltd &middot; Handley Page Transport<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Britain&rsquo;s first publicly traded aircraft maker gave the RAF its heavy bombers from 1916 to the Victor, invented the wing slat, refused to merge, and died of independence in 1970.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1909<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Defunct 1970<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>11<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Royal Air Force Halifax. Royal Air Force official photographer, H. Hensser \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1909-06-17<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Frederick Handley Page<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Cricklewood, London, later Radlett Aerodrome, Hertfordshire<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Defunct 1970<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Handley Page: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A bloody paralyser<\/h3>\n<p>In the First World War the Admiralty asked Frederick Handley Page for what it called a &ldquo;bloody paralyser of an aeroplane&rdquo;, something big enough to bomb the Zeppelin sheds and, one day, Berlin. The O\/100 of 1915 and the O\/400 that followed gave Britain its first true heavy bombers, about 600 in all, and the four-engined V\/1500 could reach Berlin, though it entered service just as the war ended. The man behind them, a furniture maker&rsquo;s son from Cheltenham, would become known as <span class=\"imp\">the father of the heavy bomber<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Airlines, slats and a film studio<\/h3>\n<p>His company, registered on 17 June 1909, was the first publicly traded aircraft manufacturer in Britain. After 1918 it turned bombers into airliners, flying converted O\/400s between London and Paris as Handley Page Transport, which in 1924 became part of Imperial Airways. The stately H.P.42 biplanes later carried Imperial passengers towards Africa and India. Meanwhile Handley Page&rsquo;s leading-edge slat, which kept wings flying at high angles of attack, earned so much in licence fees that it was the firm&rsquo;s main income in the early 1920s. The Cricklewood works later became Britain&rsquo;s largest film studio.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Halifax<\/h3>\n<p>The Second World War brought the Hampden, 1,430 built, which flew in the first British raid on Berlin, and then the Halifax. Begun as a twin-engined design for the troublesome Rolls-Royce Vulture, it was recast with four engines before the prototype flew on 25 October 1939. Including aircraft from other factories, 6,178 were built, making it Britain&rsquo;s second most numerous heavy bomber after the Lancaster. In 1948, 41 civilian Halifax freighters flew in the Berlin Airlift.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The bomber that went supersonic<\/h3>\n<p>Handley Page&rsquo;s nuclear-age answer was the Victor, the crescent-winged V-bomber that first flew on 24 December 1952. On 1 June 1956 test pilot Johnny Allam let the nose of XA917 drop at high power and saw Mach 1.1; observers from Watford to Banbury heard the boom, and the Victor became the largest aircraft yet to break the sound barrier. Converted to tankers, Victors refuelled the Vulcans of the 1982 Black Buck raids on the Falklands, and they served until 15 October 1993.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Too proud to merge<\/h3>\n<p>By the 1960s the government wanted Britain&rsquo;s aircraft industry concentrated into two groups, Hawker Siddeley and the British Aircraft Corporation. Handley Page alone refused to merge. It bet its future on the Jetstream, a small pressurised turboprop for American feeder airlines that first flew on 18 August 1967. The bet came too late: the company went into voluntary liquidation in March 1970 after 61 years under the same name. Scottish Aviation took the Jetstream on, and under British Aerospace it outlived its creator by decades.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Britain&rsquo;s first publicly traded aircraft maker gave the RAF its heavy bombers from 1916 to the Victor, invented the wing slat, refused to merge, and died of independence in 1970.<cite>Handley Page &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Handley Page in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1909<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Registered 17 June 1909 by Frederick Handley Page<\/li>\n<li>Britain&rsquo;s first publicly traded aircraft maker<\/li>\n<li>Factory at Cricklewood from 1912, final assembly at Radlett from 1929<\/li>\n<li>Bought assets of Miles Aircraft at Reading in 1947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>O\/400, Halifax, Victor<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Type O\/100 and O\/400: about 600 built<\/li>\n<li>Hampden: 1,430<\/li>\n<li>Halifax: 6,178 including other factories<\/li>\n<li>Victor: 86<\/li>\n<li>Jetstream: 66 by Handley Page and Scottish Aviation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Liquidated 1970<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Voluntary liquidation in March 1970<\/li>\n<li>Jetstream continued by Scottish Aviation and British Aerospace<\/li>\n<li>Radlett runways removed in the 1970s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Victor tanker flew on with the RAF until 1993, 23 years after the company died.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Type O bombers built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 600<\/dd>\n<dt>Hampden built<\/dt>\n<dd>1,430<\/dd>\n<dt>Halifax built<\/dt>\n<dd>6,178 including 2 prototypes<\/dd>\n<dt>Victor built<\/dt>\n<dd>86<\/dd>\n<dt>Civil Halifax sorties in the Berlin Airlift<\/dt>\n<dd>8,162 by 41 aircraft<span class=\"gnote\">1948&ndash;1949<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Years trading<\/dt>\n<dd>61<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Handley Page aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-heyford\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Handley Page Heyford<\/b><em>Night bomber &middot; first flight 1930 &middot; 125 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-hampden\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Handley Page Hampden<\/b><em>Medium bomber &middot; first flight 1936 &middot; 1,430 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Handley Page Halifax<\/b><em>Heavy bomber &middot; first flight 1939 &middot; 6,178 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Handley Page Hastings<\/b><em>Military transport &middot; first flight 1946 &middot; 151 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-victor\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Handley Page Victor<\/b><em>Strategic bomber and tanker &middot; first flight 1952 &middot; 86 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Royal Air Force Heyford. Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Royal Air Force Hampden. San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Royal Air Force Halifax. Royal Air Force official photographer, H. Hensser \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Ron Boyes. Posted by Photographers request. \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Chris Robertshaw &#183; CC BY 2.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page Type O (O\/100, O\/400)<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1915<\/td>\n<td>about 600<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page V\/1500<\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1918<\/td>\n<td>32&ndash;40<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built to reach Berlin; numbers completed vary by source<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page H.P.42<\/td>\n<td>Airliner<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>4 HP.42 and 4 HP.45 for Imperial Airways; all lost by 1940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-heyford\/\">Handley Page Heyford<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Night bomber<\/td>\n<td>1930<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-hampden\/\">Handley Page Hampden<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Medium bomber<\/td>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<td>1,430<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1939<\/td>\n<td>6,178<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page Hermes<\/td>\n<td>Airliner<\/td>\n<td>1945<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page Hastings<\/td>\n<td>Military transport<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>151<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-victor\/\">Handley Page Victor<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Strategic bomber and tanker<\/td>\n<td>1952<\/td>\n<td>86<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Retired 15 October 1993<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page Dart Herald<\/td>\n<td>Regional airliner<\/td>\n<td>1955<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handley Page Jetstream<\/td>\n<td>Commuter airliner<\/td>\n<td>1967<\/td>\n<td>66<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Includes Scottish Aviation production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Handley Page aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">5 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Handley Page types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-air-force\/\">Pakistan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-victor\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Victor B1\/B2\/K2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-hampden\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Hampden<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-heyford\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Heyford<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-o-400\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page O\/400<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/handley-page-halifax\/\" class=\"was\">Handley Page Halifax<\/a>, Handley Page Hampden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-new-zealand-air-force\/\">Royal New Zealand Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Handley Page Hastings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Handley Page built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Cricklewood works and aerodrome<\/b> &middot; Cricklewood, north London &mdash; From 1912; aerodrome closed 1929 and became Cricklewood Studios; parts made until 1964<\/li>\n<li><b>Radlett Aerodrome<\/b> &middot; Radlett, Hertfordshire &mdash; Final assembly from 1929; runway extended in 1939 for the Halifax<\/li>\n<li><b>Handley Page (Reading)<\/b> &middot; Woodley, Reading &mdash; Former Miles site bought in 1947; birthplace of the Herald<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Sir Frederick Handley Page<\/b> &middot; founder &mdash; 1885&ndash;1962; knighted 1942<\/li>\n<li><b>Gustav Lachmann<\/b> &middot; aerodynamicist &mdash; Co-inventor of the slat, later employed by Handley Page<\/li>\n<li><b>Johnny Allam<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Took a Victor supersonic in 1956<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Victor XA917 exceeded Mach 1 on 1 June 1956, the largest aircraft to break the sound barrier at the time<\/li>\n<li>V\/1500 Atlantic carried the first airmail from Canada to the United States, 9 October 1919<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Handley Page, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1909<\/div>\n<p>Handley Page Ltd registered<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1912<\/div>\n<p>Factory established at Cricklewood<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1915<\/div>\n<p>O\/100 bomber first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>V\/1500 first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1924<\/div>\n<p>Handley Page Transport merged into Imperial Airways<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1929<\/div>\n<p>Final assembly moves to Radlett<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1930<\/div>\n<p>H.P.42 airliner first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Hampden first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>Halifax first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>Frederick Handley Page knighted<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Buys assets of Miles Aircraft at Reading<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Victor first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>Victor XA917 exceeds the speed of sound<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>Sir Frederick Handley Page dies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<p>Jetstream first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>Voluntary liquidation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>Last Victors retired by the RAF<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Handley Page<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/scottish-aviation\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Scottish Aviation<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Took over the Jetstream after the 1970 liquidation<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Scottish Aviation page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Handley Page<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What happened to Handley Page?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It refused to join the government-backed mergers of the 1960s, lost out on orders and went into voluntary liquidation in March 1970.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was Handley Page&rsquo;s most famous aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Halifax heavy bomber of the Second World War, and the Victor V-bomber of the Cold War.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Halifax bombers were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">6,178, including two prototypes, across Handley Page and other factories.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Victor really break the sound barrier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. On 1 June 1956 test pilot Johnny Allam reached Mach 1.1 in Victor XA917 in a shallow dive.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the Handley Page slat?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A small auxiliary aerofoil ahead of the wing leading edge that improves airflow at high angles of attack; licence fees for it sustained the company in the early 1920s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Handley Page?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It refused to join the government-backed mergers of the 1960s, lost out on orders and went into voluntary liquidation in March 1970.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was Handley Page\\u2019s most famous aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Halifax heavy bomber of the Second World War, and the Victor V-bomber of the Cold War.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Halifax bombers were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"6,178, including two prototypes, across Handley Page and other factories.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Victor really break the sound barrier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. On 1 June 1956 test pilot Johnny Allam reached Mach 1.1 in Victor XA917 in a shallow dive.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Handley Page slat?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A small auxiliary aerofoil ahead of the wing leading edge that improves airflow at high angles of attack; licence fees for it sustained the company in the early 1920s.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Handley Page<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Limited\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Limited (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_Handley_Page\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Frederick Handley Page (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Type_O\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Type O (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Hampden\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Hampden (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Halifax\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Halifax (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Victor\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Victor (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_V\/1500\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page V\/1500 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_H.P.42\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page H.P.42 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Heyford\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Heyford (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Hermes\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Hermes (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Hastings\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Hastings (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Dart_Herald\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Dart Herald (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Handley_Page_Jetstream\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Handley Page Jetstream (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f45.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f68.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f56.jpg)!important}#mfam 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