What Actually Happens Inside a Wind Tunnel

What Actually Happens Inside a Wind Tunnel

Every aircraft you have ever seen in the sky was first tested in a room where nothing flies at all. Wind tunnels are, conceptually, the simplest tools in aerospace engineering: take a tube, put air in one end, put a model in the middle, and measure what happens. In...
The Duck That Invented the Seaplane

The Duck That Invented the Seaplane

It is the morning of 28 March 1910, and a thin mist still clings to the Étang de Berre, the great salt lagoon west of Marseille. A 27-year-old engineer named Henri Fabre sits astride a slender wooden beam, perched above three flat floats that bob gently on the water....
The Bent Wingtips That Save Billions in Fuel

The Bent Wingtips That Save Billions in Fuel

Sit in a window seat over the wing of almost any modern airliner and you will see it: the wingtip, instead of ending in a clean point, bends sharply upward into a fin. It looks like a small design flourish. It is not. That upturned tip is quietly one of the most...