格里戈罗维奇

战斗序列 · 飞机制造商 · 俄罗斯

格里戈罗维奇

Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich · Григорович · Shchetinin (ShCh)

A Kiev-born journalist repaired one damaged French flying boat, reinvented it, and became Russia’s flying-boat master, then designed a fighter while a prisoner of the OGPU.

1913创立
1938年倒闭地位
8记录在案的飞机
国家俄罗斯创立1913创始人Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich总部St Petersburg (Shchetinin works), later Moscow and Leningrad地位1938年倒闭
故事

Grigorovich: the company and the aircraft that made its name

One broken flying boat

Dmitry Grigorovich came to aircraft sideways. Born in Kiev in 1883 and educated at the Kiev Polytechnic and in Liège, he moved to St Petersburg in 1911 and edited an aviation journal. From 1912 he was technical director of S. S. Shchetinin’s First Russian Aeronautics Company. In 1913 a Donnet-Lévêque flying boat arrived for repairs to its nose. Grigorovich studied it, and his improved copy became the M-1, the first of a long line of Russian flying boats.

The M-series

The M-5 of 1915 was the first flying boat mass-produced in Russia, with about 300 built for the Baltic and Black Sea fleets. The heavier M-9 followed, about 500 strong; in September 1916 naval pilot Jan Nagórski looped one, the first loop in a flying boat. Grigorovich’s M-11 was the world’s first flying-boat fighter. In July 1917 he took over a works split off from Shchetinin’s, only for it to be nationalised in 1918.

Designing in a prison

Under the Soviets he designed the I-1 and I-2 fighters at Moscow’s Factory No. 1 and organised naval prototype work in Leningrad. On 31 August 1928 the OGPU arrested him; sentenced to ten years, he worked with Nikolai Polikarpov in a prison design bureau, the TsKB-39, where in April 1930 they produced the I-5 fighter. Amnestied in 1931, he went on designing attack aircraft and teaching at the Moscow Aviation Institute until his death from cancer in 1938. He was rehabilitated in 1993.

A Kiev-born journalist repaired one damaged French flying boat, reinvented it, and became Russia’s flying-boat master, then designed a fighter while a prisoner of the OGPU.Grigorovich · verified 2026-10-03
一览

Grigorovich in numbers

公司

简而言之
Designer bureau, 1913–1938

  • Technical director at Shchetinin’s St Petersburg works from 1912
  • Own works from July 1917, nationalised 1918
  • Soviet design offices in Moscow and Leningrad

生产

最出名的是
M-5 和 M-9

  • M-5: about 300 built
  • M-9: about 500 built
  • I-5 fighter, with Polikarpov, 1930

今天

现在
Ended with his death, 1938

  • An M-15 survives in the Polish Aviation Museum

His M-9 also flew with Finland until 1922.

这些数字

M-5 built
about 300
M-9 built
约500
M-11 delivered to the navy
61
M-15 built
871916–1921
飞机

Every notable Grigorovich aircraft

飞机 角色 首航 建造 地位 笔记
Grigorovich M-1 水上飞机 1913 1 已退休 Improved Donnet-Lévêque
Grigorovich M-5 Reconnaissance flying boat 1915 about 300 已退休 First mass-produced Russian flying boat
Grigorovich M-9 Reconnaissance / bomber flying boat 1916 约500 已退休 First loop in a flying boat, 1916
Grigorovich M-11 Flying-boat fighter 1916 61 已退休 World’s first flying-boat fighter
Grigorovich M-15 Reconnaissance flying boat 1916 87 已退休
Grigorovich M-16 Winter seaplane 1916 36 已退休 Could land on ice and snow
Grigorovich I-2 战斗机 已退休 Among the first Soviet fighters
Polikarpov-Grigorovich I-5 战斗机 1930 已退休 Designed in the TsKB-39 prison bureau
地点、人物、记录

Where Grigorovich built, who led it, what it achieved

工厂

  • Shchetinin works · St Petersburg — First Russian Aeronautics Company of S. S. Shchetinin
  • Factory No. 1 (ex-Dux) · Moscow — Design bureau from 1922
  • Krasny Lyotchik · Leningrad — Former Gamayun works, from 1924

人们

  • Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich · designer — 1883–1938
  • S. S. Shchetinin · factory owner
  • Jan Nagórski · naval pilot — First loop in a flying boat, M-9, 1916
  • Nikolai Polikarpov · fellow prisoner-designer — Co-designed the I-5

纪录和第一

  • First loop in a flying boat, M-9, 17 September 1916
  • M-11: world’s first flying-boat fighter
时间线

Grigorovich, year by year

1912

Grigorovich becomes technical director at Shchetinin

1913

M-1, based on a Donnet-Lévêque, flies

1915

M-5 enters production

1916

M-9 first flight at Baku

1916

Jan Nagórski loops an M-9

1917

Grigorovich takes over his own works

1922

Heads design at Moscow’s Factory No. 1

1928

Arrested by the OGPU

1930

I-5 fighter created in the TsKB-39 prison bureau

1931

Amnestied

1938

Dies in Moscow

问答

Everything people ask about Grigorovich

Who was Dmitry Grigorovich?
A Kiev-born Russian and Soviet aircraft designer (1883–1938), best known for the M-series flying boats.
What was the Grigorovich M-9?
A First World War reconnaissance and bomber flying boat, about 500 built; in 1916 it became the first flying boat to loop.
Did Grigorovich design aircraft in prison?
Yes. Arrested in 1928, he worked with Polikarpov in the TsKB-39 prison bureau, where they produced the I-5 fighter.
Why are Grigorovich boats sometimes called Shchetinin?
They were built at S. S. Shchetinin’s works, so they also carry the ShCh designation.

继续参观

Around Grigorovich

俄罗斯米尔一位西伯利亚铁路工人的儿子，从旋翼机起家，创建了历史上产量最高的直升机和起重能力最强的旋翼机的设计局……阅读 Mil 页面俄罗斯米高扬1939年，两名工程师接手了一架来自一个声名狼藉的竞争对手的战斗机，并以此为基础建立了一个设计局，该设计局的缩写后来成为西方对任何苏联喷气式飞机的代名词——超过11000架……阅读米高扬的页面指数所有飞机制造商所有制造过现役和历史上曾被空军使用过的飞机的公司。.打开列表
参考资料及延伸阅读

所有事实均已核实

已验证 2026-10-03。.