Grigorovich

Pořadí bitvy · Výrobci letadel · Rusko

Grigorovich

Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich · Григорович · Shchetinin (ShCh)

A Kiev-born journalist repaired one damaged French flying boat, reinvented it, and became Russia’s flying-boat master, then designed a fighter while a prisoner of the OGPU.

1913Založeno
Defunct 1938Postavení
8Letadlo v záznamu
ZeměRuskoZaloženo1913ZakladateléDmitry Pavlovich GrigorovichVelitelstvíSt Petersburg (Shchetinin works), later Moscow and LeningradPostaveníDefunct 1938
Příběh

Grigorovich: the company and the aircraft that made its name

One broken flying boat

Dmitry Grigorovich came to aircraft sideways. Born in Kiev in 1883 and educated at the Kiev Polytechnic and in Liège, he moved to St Petersburg in 1911 and edited an aviation journal. From 1912 he was technical director of S. S. Shchetinin’s First Russian Aeronautics Company. In 1913 a Donnet-Lévêque flying boat arrived for repairs to its nose. Grigorovich studied it, and his improved copy became the M-1, the first of a long line of Russian flying boats.

The M-series

The M-5 of 1915 was the first flying boat mass-produced in Russia, with about 300 built for the Baltic and Black Sea fleets. The heavier M-9 followed, about 500 strong; in September 1916 naval pilot Jan Nagórski looped one, the first loop in a flying boat. Grigorovich’s M-11 was the world’s first flying-boat fighter. In July 1917 he took over a works split off from Shchetinin’s, only for it to be nationalised in 1918.

Designing in a prison

Under the Soviets he designed the I-1 and I-2 fighters at Moscow’s Factory No. 1 and organised naval prototype work in Leningrad. On 31 August 1928 the OGPU arrested him; sentenced to ten years, he worked with Nikolai Polikarpov in a prison design bureau, the TsKB-39, where in April 1930 they produced the I-5 fighter. Amnestied in 1931, he went on designing attack aircraft and teaching at the Moscow Aviation Institute until his death from cancer in 1938. He was rehabilitated in 1993.

A Kiev-born journalist repaired one damaged French flying boat, reinvented it, and became Russia’s flying-boat master, then designed a fighter while a prisoner of the OGPU.Grigorovich · verified 2026-10-03
Na první pohled

Grigorovich in numbers

Společnost

Stručně řečeno
Designer bureau, 1913–1938

  • Technical director at Shchetinin’s St Petersburg works from 1912
  • Own works from July 1917, nationalised 1918
  • Soviet design offices in Moscow and Leningrad

Výroba

Nejznámější pro
M-5 and M-9

  • M-5: about 300 built
  • M-9: about 500 built
  • I-5 fighter, with Polikarpov, 1930

Dnes

Teď
Ended with his death, 1938

  • An M-15 survives in the Polish Aviation Museum

His M-9 also flew with Finland until 1922.

Čísla

M-5 built
asi 300
M-9 built
asi 500
M-11 delivered to the navy
61
M-15 built
871916–1921
Letadlo

Every notable Grigorovich aircraft

Letadlo Role První let Postavený Postavení Poznámka
Grigorovich M-1 Hydroplán 1913 1 V důchodu Improved Donnet-Lévêque
Grigorovich M-5 Reconnaissance flying boat 1915 asi 300 V důchodu First mass-produced Russian flying boat
Grigorovich M-9 Reconnaissance / bomber flying boat 1916 asi 500 V důchodu First loop in a flying boat, 1916
Grigorovich M-11 Flying-boat fighter 1916 61 V důchodu World’s first flying-boat fighter
Grigorovich M-15 Reconnaissance flying boat 1916 87 V důchodu
Grigorovich M-16 Winter seaplane 1916 36 V důchodu Could land on ice and snow
Grigorovich I-2 Bojovník V důchodu Among the first Soviet fighters
Polikarpov-Grigorovich I-5 Bojovník 1930 V důchodu Designed in the TsKB-39 prison bureau
Místa, lidé, rekordy

Where Grigorovich built, who led it, what it achieved

Továrny

  • Shchetinin works · St Petersburg — First Russian Aeronautics Company of S. S. Shchetinin
  • Factory No. 1 (ex-Dux) · Moscow — Design bureau from 1922
  • Krasny Lyotchik · Leningrad — Former Gamayun works, from 1924

Lidé

  • Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich · designer — 1883–1938
  • S. S. Shchetinin · factory owner
  • Jan Nagórski · naval pilot — First loop in a flying boat, M-9, 1916
  • Nikolai Polikarpov · fellow prisoner-designer — Co-designed the I-5

Rekordy a prvenství

  • First loop in a flying boat, M-9, 17 September 1916
  • M-11: world’s first flying-boat fighter
Časová osa

Grigorovich, year by year

1912

Grigorovich becomes technical director at Shchetinin

1913

M-1, based on a Donnet-Lévêque, flies

1915

M-5 enters production

1916

M-9 first flight at Baku

1916

Jan Nagórski loops an M-9

1917

Grigorovich takes over his own works

1922

Heads design at Moscow’s Factory No. 1

1928

Arrested by the OGPU

1930

I-5 fighter created in the TsKB-39 prison bureau

1931

Amnestied

1938

Dies in Moscow

Otázky a odpovědi

Everything people ask about Grigorovich

Who was Dmitry Grigorovich?
A Kiev-born Russian and Soviet aircraft designer (1883–1938), best known for the M-series flying boats.
What was the Grigorovich M-9?
A First World War reconnaissance and bomber flying boat, about 500 built; in 1916 it became the first flying boat to loop.
Did Grigorovich design aircraft in prison?
Yes. Arrested in 1928, he worked with Polikarpov in the TsKB-39 prison bureau, where they produced the I-5 fighter.
Why are Grigorovich boats sometimes called Shchetinin?
They were built at S. S. Shchetinin’s works, so they also carry the ShCh designation.

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Around Grigorovich

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Ověřeno 2026-10-03.