Lent Mirage 5s to Egypt; they were flown by Egyptian pilots of the 69th Squadron at Tanta.

Libya’s first Mirages went to war before Libyan pilots were ready to fly them in combat. According to Wikipedia’s Mirage 5 article, Egyptian pilots and 19 Libyan Mirage 5Ds plus two reconnaissance aircraft formed the 69th Squadron at Tanta during the October 1973 war. Libyan officers travelled to Tanta during the war and tried to negotiate the aircraft’s return, but the Egyptian command refused, and the Mirages only went back to Libya in 1974. The episode is a reminder of how quickly the Libyan air force was equipped after 1969 — and how far its aircraft ran ahead of its trained crews.

结果 Egypt returned the aircraft in 1974.

Whether any Libyan pilots also flew in the war, and how many of the Mirages were lost, was not confirmed.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force (aircraft lent to Egypt)

在哪里

Egypt and Sinai

旁边

埃及和叙利亚

反对

以色列

飞机

Mirage 5D, Mirage 5DR

来源

维基百科

Flew Mirage 5s in close air support of Libyan ground forces.

Four years after lending its Mirages to Egypt, Libya fought it. In the brief border war of 1977, according to Wikipedia’s Mirage 5 article, Libya used its Mirages for close air support, and Egypt claimed to have shot down three or four of them in air combat. The sources checked give no Libyan account of the air fighting, and no independently confirmed loss figure.

结果 A short war; the sources checked give no air force outcome beyond the claims.

Loss figures are Egyptian claims only.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force

在哪里

Libyan–Egyptian border

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

埃及

飞机

幻影5

损失

Egypt claimed three to four Libyan Mirages shot down in air combat; Libyan figures were not found.

来源

维基百科

Sent a Tu-22 to bomb Mwanza in Tanzania in support of its Ugandan allies.

Gaddafi sent troops and aircraft to prop up Idi Amin. The air force’s contribution, according to Wikipedia’s Tu-22 article, was a single Tu-22 raid on the Tanzanian town of Mwanza on 29 March 1979, which achieved nothing. It was the first known combat use of Libya’s new supersonic bombers, which would be used much more heavily in Chad.

结果 The raid failed.

Only the Tu-22 raid is recorded in the sources checked; other air force activity in Uganda was not confirmed.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force

在哪里

Tanzania and Uganda

旁边

乌干达

反对

坦桑尼亚

飞机

图-22

出击

1One recorded bombing sortie on 29 March 1979.

损失

No loss recorded in the sources checked.

来源

维基百科

Bombed Chadian and Sudanese targets, supported Libyan garrisons from Ouadi Doum and Faya-Largeau, and flew Tu-22 raids on N’Djamena.

Chad was the Libyan air force’s real war. Tu-22s flew their first Chad mission on 9 October 1980, and in September 1981 a raid on Omdurman in Sudan killed three civilians, according to Wikipedia’s Tu-22 article. After France launched Operation Épervier, a single Tu-22 flew low across the desert on 17 February 1986 and bombed N’Djamena airport, hitting the runway; it probably crashed on the way home. The air bridge depended on Ouadi Doum in northern Chad, and when Chadian forces in Toyota pick-ups overran it in March 1987 the losses were heavy: Wikipedia lists 11 L-39s, two Tu-22s, three Mi-25s and two SF.260s destroyed or captured, and Libyan aircraft later bombed the abandoned equipment. On 5 September 1987 Chad raided Maaten al-Sarra inside Libya and claimed about 32 aircraft destroyed, including MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-22s and Mi-24s. Two days later a Tu-22 attacking N’Djamena was shot down by a French Hawk battery. Wikipedia’s account of the campaign blames divided commands and a regime that feared its own officers.

结果 Ceasefire on 11 September 1987, after OAU mediation by Kenneth Kaunda.

Chadian loss claims are not independently confirmed. Wikipedia says the Tu-22 shot down in 1987 had an East German crew; this was not confirmed elsewhere and the crew is not named here.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force

在哪里

Chad, northern Libya and Sudan

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

Chad and France

飞机

图-22, 苏-22, 米格-21, 米格-23, Mirage 5, 幻影F1, L-39, SF.260, Mi-24/25

出击

Libya had about 60 combat aircraft plus Mi-24s committed in 1987, per Wikipedia.

损失

At Ouadi Doum in March 1987, Wikipedia lists two SF.260s, three Mi-25s, two Tu-22Bs and 11 L-39s destroyed or captured; Chad claimed about 32 aircraft destroyed at Maaten al-Sarra on 5 September 1987, with 1,000 Libyans killed and 300 captured. One Tu-22 was shot down by a French Hawk battery on 7 September 1987.

来源

维基百科 · 维基百科 · 维基百科

Intercepted US Navy aircraft over waters Libya claimed as its own.

Libya had claimed the whole Gulf of Sidra as territorial waters since 1973, with a boundary at 32°30’N that Gaddafi called the Line of Death; the United States rejected the claim and sailed through it. On 19 August 1981 two Libyan Su-22s met two F-14A Tomcats of the US Navy’s VF-41. According to the US account summarised by Wikipedia, a Libyan pilot fired an AA-2 Atoll missile that missed, and the F-14s shot down both Su-22s with AIM-9L Sidewinders.

结果 No US loss.

The account of who fired first is the US account; a Libyan official version was not found in the sources checked.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force

在哪里

Gulf of Sidra

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

美国

飞机

苏-22

出击

2Two Su-22s engaged.

损失

2架飞机Both Su-22s shot down; the US Navy’s report says both pilots ejected and were recovered.

来源

维基百科

Defended against US strikes on Benina airfield and the Tripoli military airfield; aircraft were hit on the ground.

On 15 April 1986 US Air Force and US Navy aircraft struck targets in Tripoli and Benghazi, including Benina airfield and the former Wheelus base. Wikipedia’s summary of US results lists numbers of MiG-23s, Il-76 transports and Mi-8 helicopters destroyed on the ground. Only one of the attacking aircraft was lost: an F-111 shot down over the Gulf of Sidra, killing Captains Fernando Ribas-Dominicci and Paul Lorence.

结果 Libyan air defences failed to stop the raid.

在《加力燃烧室》 1986年，SR-71飞越利比亚：布莱恩·舒尔躲过卡扎菲导弹阵地

Libyan aircraft losses are US claims and the published tables disagree.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force and air defence

在哪里

的黎波里和班加西

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

美国

飞机

米格-23, Il-76, Mi-8

出击

Not applicable; no Libyan fighters engaged.

损失

US accounts summarised by Wikipedia list MiG-23s, Il-76s, Mi-8s and other aircraft destroyed on the ground; the exact figures vary. Libya reported about 40 casualties at first, later about 60 in all. One US F-111 was shot down and both crew killed.

来源

维基百科 · 维基百科

Two MiG-23s approached US carrier aircraft.

On 4 January 1989 two Libyan MiG-23s flew towards two F-14As of VF-32 from the USS John F. Kennedy about 40 miles north of Tobruk. According to the US account, the MiGs repeatedly turned towards the Tomcats under ground control, and the F-14s shot both down. The Pentagon later released imagery it said showed the MiGs carried air-to-air missiles. Libya said the aircraft were unarmed reconnaissance planes on a routine mission over international waters.

结果 No US loss.

The two sides’ accounts of the MiGs’ armament and intent differ.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force

在哪里

Mediterranean north of Tobruk

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

美国

飞机

米格-23

出击

2Two MiG-23s.

损失

2架飞机Both MiG-23s shot down; both pilots were seen to eject, recovery not known.

来源

维基百科

Government aircraft attacked rebel areas until the no-fly zone; crews defected; rebels flew captured aircraft from Benina.

The revolt broke the air force in a week. On 21 February 2011 two colonels flew Mirage F1s 502 and 508 from Okba Ben Nafi to Malta, saying they had been ordered to bomb protesters in Benghazi. On 23 February a Su-22 crew ejected near Ajdabiya instead of attacking the city, and rebels took Benina, destroying one Mi-24 and capturing a Mi-25D and a Mi-14. From 1 to 19 March, Wikipedia records, the rebel air arm flew 38 combat sorties. UN Security Council resolution 1973 of 17 March authorised a no-fly zone; France, the US and Britain began strikes on 19 March, and NATO took command on 31 March. Its Operation Unified Protector lasted 222 days and flew more than 26,000 sorties, 42 per cent of them strike sorties. On 23 March Air Vice-Marshal Greg Bagwell told the BBC the Libyan air force no longer existed as a fighting force. Airwars, counting all belligerents in 2011, assesses 1,166 to 2,519 civilian deaths as fairly reported or confirmed; NATO said it confirmed none from its own strikes.

结果 卡扎菲政权于2011年垮台。.

Government aircraft losses in 2011 are not published as a confirmed total. Airwars’ civilian figures cover all parties, not NATO alone.

为……飞行

Libyan Arab Air Force (government), defecting crews and the rebel air arm

在哪里

利比亚

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

NATO and partner air forces and anti-Gaddafi forces

飞机

幻影F1, 苏-22, 米格-23, G-2 Galeb, Mi-24/25

出击

3838 combat sorties flown by the rebel air arm between 1 and 19 March, per Wikipedia. NATO flew more than 26,000 sorties.

损失

Wikipedia says rebels lost two jets and a helicopter and eight pilots and gunners killed in March. Many government aircraft were destroyed by coalition strikes; no reliable total was found.

来源

维基百科 · 航空主义者 · 北约 · 维基百科 · 空战

Both air arms flew strikes with ex-Gaddafi jets and helicopters; foreign-supplied drones and aircraft decided the 2019–2020 war for Tripoli.

Khalifa Haftar launched Operation Dignity on 16 May 2014 and the air force divided with the country. Haftar’s air arm, led from January 2015 by Saqr Geroushi, flew old MiG-21s, MiG-23s and Mirages from Benina; the Tripoli and Misrata side kept Mitiga, Misrata and its own aircraft. Outsiders joined early: in August 2014 the United States said the UAE and Egypt had bombed Tripoli. When the LNA advanced on Tripoli on 4 April 2019 it struck Mitiga, the capital’s only working airport, repeatedly. HRW attributes the 2 July 2019 Tajoura detention centre strike, which killed at least 44 migrants, and the 4 August 2019 Murzuq strikes, which killed more than 40, to the LNA; the LNA first said it had hit a weapons depot at Tajoura and later denied involvement. HRW reported that the UAE supplied the LNA with armed drones and Turkey supplied Tripoli; on 13 April 2019 Libya Observer, citing unnamed military sources and flight trackers, reported two cargo aircraft from Abu Dhabi landing at Benina with UAE drone operators. HRW also reported that a UAE-supplied drone killed 26 cadets in Tripoli in January 2020. In May 2020 AFRICOM said at least 14 MiG-29s and several Su-24s had flown from Russia via Syria to Al Jufra, flown by contractors. A UN Panel of Experts report of March 2021, as summarised by Wikipedia, said a Turkish-made Kargu-2 drone had hunted down and attacked LNA forces in 2020.

结果 Tripoli’s forces took Al Watiya on 18 May 2020 and pushed the LNA back to Sirte and Al Jufra; a permanent ceasefire was signed in Geneva on 23 October 2020.

Most strike and loss claims come from the side that made them. Tajoura deaths: at least 44 (HRW) or at least 53 (Wikipedia). The January 2020 cadet strike: 26 killed (HRW) or 28 (Wikipedia). The LNA’s air chief Saqr al-Jaroushi promised "the largest aerial campaign in Libyan history" on 21 May 2020; Russia’s position on the AFRICOM statement was not found in the sources checked.

为……飞行

LNA air arm; Tripoli and Misrata-aligned air units

在哪里

Benghazi, Derna, Tripoli, Misrata, Sirte, the Fezzan

旁边

UAE, Egypt and Russian contractors (LNA side, per US and HRW statements) and Turkey (Tripoli side)

反对

彼此

飞机

米格-21, 米格-23, 幻影F1, 苏-22, L-39, G-2 Galeb, Mi-24/35, Bayraktar TB2, Wing Loong

出击

HRW cites about 900 drone deployments by all parties.

损失

Wikipedia records manned losses on both sides, among them a Tripoli L-39 (10 April 2019), MiG-21MF (14 April 2019) and Mirage F1 (7 May 2019) and an LNA MiG-23ML (December 2019), and many drones; no reliable totals exist.

来源

维基百科 · 维基百科 · 人权观察 · 人权观察 · 人权观察 · 航空主义者 · 航空主义者 · 航空主义者 · 维基百科 · 空战 · 维基百科 · 利比亚观察家

Drone strikes on targets the government described as smuggling and trafficking gangs.

In late May 2023 the Government of National Unity began drone strikes in and around Zawiya, west of Tripoli. Its spokesman Mohamed Hammouda said the operation was launched on the direct orders of Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah to purge the west coast of trafficking criminals and gangs; targets reported by Libya Review included militia headquarters and fuel smugglers. On 28 May the Presidential Council’s deputy head, Abdullah al-Lafi, said that "our Turkish friends have a prominent role" in helping start the operations. The eastern-based House of Representatives condemned the strikes.

结果 The House of Representatives condemned the strikes.

Casualty figures and the drone type were not confirmed. Turkey’s role is as described by the Presidential Council official; no Turkish statement was found.

为……飞行

Tripoli government (GNU) forces

在哪里

Zawiya and the western coast

旁边

没有盟军空军

反对

Armed groups in Zawiya, per the GNU

飞机

武装无人机

来源

Libya Review · Libya Review