Every war the Peruvian Air Force has fought
Peru fought Ecuador three times over a border settled only in 1998, and each side tells those wars differently: in the Peruvian account Lieutenant José Quiñones dived his hit NA-50 into an anti-aircraft position in 1941, while Ecuadorian military authorities say there were no guns there; Peru calls the 1981 clash “Falso Paquisha”; and in the Cenepa war of 1995 Ecuador claims two Su-22s shot down by its Mirage F1s, which Peru denies, attributing one loss to anti-aircraft fire and the other to an engine fire. The internal conflict with Shining Path and the Air Bridge Denial programme, which ended after an A-37B shot down a missionary floatplane near Pebas in 2001, are included. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.
From the Leticia war with Colombia in 1933 to the Cenepa in 1995 and the long fight against Shining Path.
| 対立 | 年 | に対して | 主要航空機 | 出撃 | 航空機が失われた | |
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| The Colombia–Peru Warthe Leticia conflictCuerpo de Aviación del Perú (CAP) | 1932–1933 | Colombia | Vought Corsair, Douglas O-38P, Curtiss Hawk | |||
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Bombing and reconnaissance against Colombian river forces and positions. The conflict began with the Leticia incident of 1 September 1932. Peru’s young air corps, formed only three years earlier, sent its Corsairs, O-38Ps and Curtiss Hawks — the Hawk was the only fighter in the area — to the Amazon. On 14 February 1933 they tried to bomb the Colombian flotilla at Tarapacá, and most bombs missed. On 18 February a Peruvian aircraft was shot down in flames into the Putumayo; on 13 March six Peruvian aircraft helped repel a Colombian landing at Puerto Hilario; and on 8 May the aircraft of Américo Vargas was lost in combat with Colombian aircraft near the Algodón river base. The war ended with the ceasefire of 24 May 1933 and the Rio de Janeiro Protocol of 1934. 結果 Ceasefire 24 May 1933, followed by the Rio de Janeiro Protocol of 1934. Spanish Wikipedia dates the CAP’s baptism of fire to 22 February 1933; the English article describes air action from 14 February. Sortie and loss totals were not found.
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| The Ecuadorian–Peruvian Warthe Zarumilla campaignCuerpo Aeronáutico del Perú (CAP) | 1941 | Ecuador | North American NA-50, Caproni Ca.111, Caproni Ca.114 | |||
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Close air support, bombing of Ecuadorian towns and the first airborne assault in the Americas. Fighting began on 5 July 1941. Peru’s air arm, with a squadron of five NA-50 Toritos and Italian bombers and transports, faced an Ecuadorian air force of a few CW-19R and Ro.37 light aircraft. On 23 July, Lieutenant José Quiñones of the 41st Squadron was hit by ground fire attacking an Ecuadorian post on the Zarumilla; Peruvian accounts say he deliberately flew his NA-50 into the anti-aircraft position, while Ecuadorian military authorities have said there were no anti-aircraft guns in the area. Peruvian aircraft bombed Huaquillas, Arenillas, Santa Rosa and Machala, and paratroops dropped from Caproni Ca.111s took the port of Puerto Bolívar, the first airborne operation in the Western Hemisphere. Quiñones was declared a national hero in 1966. 結果 The Rio Protocol of 29 January 1942 fixed a border that Ecuador later contested. The paratroop drop is dated 27 July 1941 in Wikipedia’s air force article and 31 July in its article on the war. Each side blames the other for starting the fighting.
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| The Paquisha Warthe “Falso Paquisha” conflictPeruvian Air Force | 1981 | Ecuador | A-37B, Mirage 5P, Su-22そしてもう1つ | 1 | ||
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Air support and helicopter assault to remove three Ecuadorian outposts. In January 1981 Peru found three Ecuadorian military posts on the eastern side of the Cordillera del Cóndor, at places Ecuador called Paquisha, Mayaicu and Machinaza. Peru’s position was that they were on Peruvian territory and that the real Paquisha named in the Rio Protocol lay elsewhere — hence the Peruvian name “Falso Paquisha”; Ecuador maintained the posts were legitimate and on its own soil. The Peruvian Air Force flew A-37Bs, Mirage 5Ps and Su-22s and lifted troops with Mi-8TVs; on 28 January A-37Bs of the two air forces met in an inconclusive engagement. Peru recovered all the posts by 21 February. 結果 Peru retook the posts between 30 January and 21 February 1981; the OAS brokered a ceasefire. Casualty figures are from Wikipedia and its Peruvian and Ecuadorian press sources; each government’s official count was not checked.
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| The internal conflict with Shining Pathcounter-insurgency and the VRAEMPeruvian Air Force | 1980–present | Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) | Mi-25, Mi-8/Mi-17 | |||
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Helicopter assault and transport, attack helicopter support and air mobility for the army and police. Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission found in 2003 that 69,280 people died or disappeared between 1980 and 2000, attributing roughly 45 per cent to Shining Path and roughly a third to state security forces. The air force’s role was mostly helicopters: its Mi-25s were first used against Shining Path in June 1989, and Mi-8/Mi-17s became the main means of moving troops in the highlands and later in the Apurímac, Ene and Mantaro valleys (VRAEM), where remnants of Shining Path, restructured in 2018, remain active alongside drug trafficking. 結果 The main phase ended in 1999; low-level fighting continues in the VRAEM. The Commission’s findings concern the conflict as a whole; specific findings about air force units were not checked. |
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| Air Bridge Denial and drug interdictionthe 2001 Pebas shoot-downPeruvian Air Force | 1990s–2001 | Drug-trafficking flights | A-37B, Su-22 | 0 | ||
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Interception and shoot-down of suspected drug flights, with US surveillance support. From the early 1990s Peru and the United States cooperated against the cocaine air bridge from Peru to Colombia. On 24 April 1992 Peruvian Su-22s fired on a US Air Force C-130 off Peru, killing Master Sergeant Joseph C. Beard Jr.; the damaged aircraft landed and its crew was briefly held (Wikipedia; Peru’s official account was not found). On 20 April 2001 a Peruvian A-37B, working with a CIA-contracted surveillance aircraft, shot down a Cessna A185E floatplane near Pebas carrying the missionaries Jim and Veronica Bowers, their two children and pilot Kevin Donaldson. Veronica and seven-month-old Charity were killed. Recordings showed the US crew questioning the identification. The US paid US$8 million in compensation; a CIA inspector general report of 2008 found the agency had obstructed inquiries, and Wikipedia records that 16 CIA officers were disciplined while the main blame fell on the Peruvian military. 結果 The US suspended the programme in April 2001; it was restarted in Colombia, not Peru, in August 2003. The 1992 incident falls before the formal Air Bridge Denial programme and is grouped here as drug-war interception; the Peruvian government’s official findings on both incidents were not reached.
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| The Cenepa Warthe Alto Cenepa conflictPeruvian Air Force | 1995 | Ecuador | Su-22, A-37B, Canberraさらに3人 | |||
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Ground attack, helicopter assault, combat air patrol and transport. Fighting broke out on 26 January 1995 in the upper Cenepa, where Ecuador held posts including Tiwinza. With no roads into the valley, both sides depended on helicopters, and the Peruvian Mi-8s and Mi-25s flew into Ecuadorian shoulder-fired missiles: Ecuador claims a Mi-8TV on 29 January, and Wikipedia records the Mi-25 lost on 7 February to at least two Igla hits with its three crew. On 10 February Ecuador’s air force claimed two Su-22s shot down by Mirage F1JAs and an A-37B by a Kfir. Peru denied that its Su-22s fell to Mirages, saying one was hit by anti-aircraft fire on a low-level attack and the other was lost to an engine fire. Peru’s Mirage 2000s flew combat air patrols. Within two years Peru had bought MiG-29s and Su-25s from Belarus. 結果 Itamaraty Declaration 17 February and Montevideo ceasefire 28 February 1995; Brasilia Presidential Act 26 October 1998 settled the border. Every kill claim here is Ecuador’s unless stated; Peru’s position differs on the Su-22s. Casualty figures vary widely between official and other sources.
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