SNCASE（南東）
Born of Popular Front nationalisation, Sud-Est stitched five private firms into France’s largest state aircraft maker, then gave the world the Alouette helicopter and the Caravelle jetliner in its final years.
SNCASE (Sud-Est): the company and the aircraft that made its name
Five firms, one state company
In 1936 Léon Blum’s Popular Front government settled a general strike in heavy industry and then nationalised the French aircraft industry by region. Sud-Est, formally constituted on 1 February 1937, swallowed Lioré et Olivier, Potez’s Berre works, CAMS, Romano and SPCA. It became the largest of the new state companies, with six factories, some 225,000 square metres of floor space and 2,550 workers, 1,700 of them from Lioré et Olivier. That firm also brought about 90 per cent of the order book, which is why Sud-Est’s first big wartime product was still called the LeO 451 bomber.
From autogyros to the Alouette
Lioré et Olivier had licence-built Cierva autogyros, and that rotary-wing know-how survived the war. Sud-Est built the twin-rotor SE.3000, a French copy of the German Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 developed with help from former Focke-Achgelis engineers, then worked through the SE.3101 and SE.3110. The result was the SE.3120 Alouette, first flown on 21 July 1951, which took helicopter distance and speed records in July 1953. Fitted with a turbine, the Alouette II became one of the most successful helicopters of its era, and the Alouette III and Lama followed.
The Caravelle and the merger
Fixed-wing work went in two directions: licence-built de Havilland jets for the French forces, the Vampire-based Mistral and the naval Aquilon, and big civil projects. The four-engine Armagnac was a commercial disappointment, but the SE 210 Caravelle, first flown on 27 May 1955, put its engines on the rear fuselage and borrowed the Comet’s nose. Before it carried a paying passenger, Sud-Est merged with Sud-Ouest on 1 March 1957 to form Sud Aviation. 282 Caravelles were built, and the line runs on through Aérospatiale to Airbus.
SNCASE (Sud-Est) in numbers
会社
- 要するに
- 1937年設立
- Formed by nationalising Lioré et Olivier, Potez (Berre), CAMS, Romano and SPCA
- Six factories and 2,550 employees at formation
- Absorbed SNCAM and its Toulouse works in 1941
- Merged with SNCASO into Sud Aviation, 1 March 1957
生産
- 最もよく知られているのは
- アルエットとカラベル
- LeO 451 bomber carried over from Lioré et Olivier
- SE.3120 Alouette, then the Alouette II and III
- Mistral and Aquilon, licence-built de Havilland jets
- SE 210 Caravelle, 282 built under Sud Aviation
今日
- 今
- Part of the Airbus lineage
- Sud Aviation became part of Aérospatiale in 1970
- Marignane is today the home of Airbus Helicopters
数字
- Employees at formation
- 2,5501937
- Factory floor space
- 225,000 m2 in six factories1937
- Aquilon built
- 121
- Caravelles built (to 1972)
- 282
Every notable SNCASE (Sud-Est) aircraft
写真：
| 航空機 | 役割 | 初飛行 | 建設済み | 状態 | 注記 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lioré et Olivier LeO 451 | 中型爆撃機 | 退職 | Kept its LeO designation under Sud-Est | ||
| SNCASE SE.100 | Twin-engine fighter | 1939 | 退職 | First aircraft under the Sud-Est name, developed from the LeO 50 | |
| SNCASE SE.161 Languedoc | Four-engine airliner | 1939 | 退職 | Developed from the Bloch 160 | |
| SNCASE SE.200 | Large flying boat | 1942 | 退職 | ||
| SNCASE SE.3000 | Twin-rotor helicopter | 1948 | 退職 | French development of the Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 | |
| SNCASE SE.2010 Armagnac | Long-range airliner | 1949 | 退職 | ||
| SNCASE SE.3120 Alouette | 軽ヘリコプター | 1951 | 退職 | Set helicopter distance and speed records in July 1953 | |
| SNCASE SE.532 Mistral | ジェット戦闘爆撃機 | 1951 | 退職 | Licence-built de Havilland Vampire | |
| SNCASE Aquilon | Naval jet fighter | 1952 | 121 | 退職 | Licence-built de Havilland Sea Venom for the Aéronavale |
| SNCASE SE.5000 Baroudeur | Experimental light fighter | 1953 | 退職 | Took off from a trolley and landed on skids | |
| SNCASE SE 210 Caravelle | Short-to-medium-range jet airliner | 1955 | 282 | 退職 | Rear-mounted engines; production completed by Sud Aviation |
| SNCASE SE-3130 Alouette II | Light turbine helicopter | 1955 | 使用中 | Production continued under Sud Aviation and Aérospatiale | |
| SNCASE SE.212 Durandal | Mixed-power interceptor prototype | 1956 | 退職 |
SNCASE (Sud-Est) aircraft in the world’s air forces
2 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew SNCASE (Sud-Est) types. そのうち、現在も運用されているものはゼロです。.
| 空軍 | 使用中 | 以前は飛行していた |
|---|---|---|
| フランス空軍宇宙軍 | SNCASE ミストラル (デ・ハビランド・ヴァンパイア) | |
| フランス海軍航空隊 | SNCASE アクイロン (デ・ハビランド・シーヴェノム) |
Where SNCASE (Sud-Est) built, who led it, what it achieved
工場
- Marignane works · Marignane, Bouches-du-Rhône — Inherited from Lioré et Olivier
- Argenteuil works · Argenteuil, Val-d’Oise — Former Lioré et Olivier plant
- Berre works · Berre-l’Étang — Former Potez seaplane plant
- Toulouse works · Toulouse — Former Dewoitine factory, taken over with SNCAM in 1941
記録と初記録
- SE.3120 Alouette set helicopter distance and speed records, July 1953
SNCASE (Sud-Est), year by year
Blum government passes the law nationalising the war industry
SNCASE formed from Lioré et Olivier, Potez, CAMS, Romano and SPCA
Takes over SNCAM and moves engineering to the former Dewoitine works in Toulouse
SE.3000 twin-rotor helicopter flies
SE.2010 Armagnac airliner flies
SE.3120 Alouette first flight
Alouette sets helicopter distance and speed records
SE 210 Caravelle first flight
Merges with SNCASO to form Sud Aviation
Caravelle enters service with SAS, now under the Sud Aviation name
Before and after SNCASE (Sud-Est)
Everything people ask about SNCASE (Sud-Est)
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Around SNCASE (Sud-Est)