拉脱维亚空军

战斗序列 · Latvia

拉脱维亚空军

Gaisa spēki

The Latvian Air Force (Gaisa spēki) was founded in the War of Independence on 7 June 1919, dissolved by the Soviet occupation in 1940 and restored in 1992 with biplanes at Spilve; today it has no fighters, flies UH-60M Black Hawks from the former Soviet base at Lielvārde, runs Latvia’s radars and ground-based air defence, and hosts the NATO fighters that guard its sky.

国家标志The roundel: carmine red outside and at the centre, with a white ring between, the colours of the national flag
0战斗机
2现役空军基地
1919创立
15已退役的类型
照片:Anna Zvereva,来自爱沙尼亚塔林/维基共享资源(CC BY-SA 2.0)
国家拉脱维亚创立1919地位积极的总部利尔瓦德指挥官Edmunds Svenčs
故事

The Latvian Air Force story: born in 1919, dissolved in 1940 and host to NATO’s fighters at Lielvārde

1919–1920: born in a war, with captured aircraft

Latvia’s military aviation was born in the middle of its War of Independence. On 7 June 1919 First Lieutenant Alfrēds Valeika was ordered to form an aviation group for the new army, and its first aircraft were a Nieuport 24bis and Sopwith 1½ Strutters taken from German forces. Wikipedia dates the first flight to 5 August 1919 and the first bombing mission to 26 August; Britain sent more aircraft in December. By the armistice with Soviet Russia on 1 February 1920 Latvian aircraft had flown 69 combat sorties and 101 hours, according to the air force’s own history. A flying school followed on 20 January 1920. It was a small and improvised force, but it gave the service its founding date and its motto, Visu par Latviju — All for Latvia.

1921–1940: Spilve, VEF and the strongest air arm in the Baltics

Between the wars the air arm grew into something more serious. It became the Aviation Division in March 1921 and the Aviation Regiment in September 1926, with a network of airfields at Spilve, Krustpils, Daugavpils, Liepāja and Gulbene. Latvia bought abroad — 26 Gloster Gladiators, Bristol Bulldogs, 21 Letov Š-16Ls, Hawker Hinds, ten Stampe trainers and four Fairey Seal floatplanes, three of which flew about 6,000 km to England and back in 1936 — and built aircraft at home, at VEF and the Liepāja naval workshops. In 1939 the regiment had eight squadrons with 60 aircraft and 120 pilots, per mil.lv, and the air force still calls it the strongest in the Baltic states. It was not strong enough to matter: 30 Hurricanes, paid for in 1939, never arrived.

1940–1991: occupation, and a Soviet base at Lielvārde

The regiment never fought for its country. The Red Army entered Latvia in June 1940, and on 25 December 1940 the Aviation Regiment ceased to exist; the air force’s history says its aircraft were taken to the USSR and its people deported. Gladiators went into Soviet service, and some later into German hands as glider tugs; the Fairey Seals were destroyed by German bombs on 28 June 1941. For the next half century Latvia was Soviet air space. In 1969 the Soviets built an airfield near Lielvārde for an attack aircraft regiment; the 899th regiment moved there from Riga-Rumbula in 1980 and left for Russia in June and July 1993. That airfield would become the new air force’s home.

1992–2014: starting again with biplanes and gliders

The restored air force began from nothing. An Air and Air Defence Administration was set up on 24 February 1992 and the air force was re-established on 17 June 1992 at Spilve, the old Riga airfield. The departing Soviet forces left no aircraft, so its first fleet was six An-2 biplanes and four Mi-2 helicopters from civil aviation, then two L-410s given by Germany, six Wilga trainers and a stock of gliders. One L-410 crashed on 7 June 1995, killing both pilots, according to Wikipedia. The Aviation Squadron moved to Lielvārde in August 1994. Mi-8MTV and Mi-17 helicopters gave it a real rescue capability in the 2000s, an Air Defence Battalion trained on Swedish RBS-70s from 2000, and after NATO membership in 2004 the effort went into radars and the Air Operations Centre, opened in March 2009.

2014–2023: Black Hawks, radars and the NATO host

What Latvia chose not to buy defines its air force: it has never had fighters, and since 30 March 2004 its skies have been policed by allied jets under NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission. Instead it invested in the ground. Lielvārde was rebuilt between 2007 and 2014, and the air force concentrated all its units there. In September 2018 the cabinet approved four UH-60M Black Hawks for EUR 175 million; the first two arrived on 11 December 2022, and the old Mi-17s went to Ukraine after Russia’s full-scale invasion. The base filled with allies: 20 US Army Apaches arrived in February 2022, and in May 2023 Latvia and Estonia chose IRIS-T as their joint medium-range air defence, the largest air defence investment in their history.

2024–2026: drones, air defence and allied fighters

Since 2024 the air force’s job has been measured in drones. On 1 March 2024 NATO air policing was flown from Lielvārde for the first time, by German Eurofighters, while Ämari was rebuilt. A Russian Shahed-type drone crashed in eastern Latvia that September; in 2025 an airspace zone along the border was closed, and in 2026 allied fighters shot down drones over Latgale in June and August. Lielvārde now hosts visiting Rafales, Turkish F-16s and, for the September 2026 elections, four German Eurofighters. The good news is real: a modern radar network, Black Hawks and IRIS-T arriving. The limits are too: Latvia’s own air force still has two to four modern helicopters, no fixed-wing combat capability, and depends on allies for the one thing most people expect an air force to do.

Between the wars the air arm grew into something more serious. It became the Aviation Division in March 1921 and the Aviation Regiment in September 1926, with a network of airfields at Spilve, Krustpils, Daugavpils, Liepāja and Gulbene.Latvian Air Force · verified 2026-09-29

一览

The Latvian Air Force in numbers

服务

本地名称
Gaisa spēkiThe name on mil.lv; the service belongs to the National Armed Forces (Nacionālie bruņotie spēki). Latvian is the only official language
创立
7 June 1919Army Aviation Group formed in the War of Independence; Aviation Regiment from 28 September 1926 (18 September on another mil.lv page); dissolved 25 December 1940
Restored
17 June 1992Air and Air Defence Administration formed on 24 February 1992; 17 June 1992 is the restoration anniversary
总部
利尔瓦尔德空军基地NBS Aviācijas bāze, Rembates pagasts, Ogres novads
指挥官
Col. Edmunds SvenčsSince 4 September 2026; predecessor Col. Viesturs Masulis (2020–2026)
国防部长
Raivis MelnisConfirmed by the Saeima on 29 May 2026 after Andris Sprūds resigned on 10 May

力量

人员
No official strength figure was found; Wikipedia’s figure is unsourced and is not used here
战斗机
没有任何Air policing is provided by NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission since 30 March 2004
直升机
  • UH-60M Black Hawk — 2 confirmed, 4 ordered

Wikipedia gives three in service. The Mi-17s went to Ukraine

固定翼飞机
  • An-2 — 4 (Wikipedia)
  • Pelegrin Tarragon — 2 (Wikipedia)

Neither type is on the air force’s current equipment page

地面防空
RBS-70 with Giraffe radarsAir Defence Battalion since 1 March 2000; RBS-70 NG and Giraffe 1X ordered in 2022; IRIS-T SLM from 2026
国防预算
EUR 1.559 billion (2025)3.45 per cent of GDP; EUR 1.768 billion planned for 2026; EUR 20 million went to drone capability in 2025

基础设施

空军基地
  • Lielvārde (EVGA) — all Air Force units; RWY 18/36, 2,500 m

The only aerodrome listed for military use in the Latvian AIP

Historic airfields
  • Spilve, Riga — 1919–1940 and 1992–1994
  • Krustpils, Daugavpils, Liepāja, Gulbene — interwar network

Spilve is now a general aviation field and aviation museum

雷达监视
Airspace Surveillance SquadronFormed 1 July 2004; Sentinel and PS-70 radars feed the Air Operations Centre at Lielvārde. Air Force radar detected a Russian aircraft violating Latvian airspace on 6 November 2023
盟军的存在
  • Baltic Air Policing detachments (Lielvārde 2024; visits 2026)
  • Spanish NASAMS battery at Lielvārde
  • Canadian CH-146 Griffons at Riga Airport since July 2024

All allied, not Latvian, units


结构

How the Latvian Air Force is organised

One headquarters over five units, every one of them at Lielvārde: the Aviation Squadron, the Airspace Surveillance Squadron, the Air Defence Battalion, the Air Force Base and the Training Centre. Latvia has no fighters; its air force flies helicopters, runs the radars, the Air Operations Centre and the ground-based air defence, and hosts the allied NATO fighters that guard Latvian airspace. The Spanish NASAMS battery at Lielvārde and the Canadian CH-146 Griffons at Riga Airport are allied units, not Latvian.

ES

Colonel (pulkvedis)Edmunds Svenčs空军司令 · 自2026年起任职
空军总部Gaisa spēku štābs
总部

空军总部

Gaisa spēku štābs
利尔瓦德

At Lielvārde, one of the services of the National Armed Forces; the 2017 restructuring made the former Aviation Base headquarters the Air Force headquarters. Col. Edmunds Svenčs took command on 4 September 2026 from Col. Viesturs Masulis, commander since 2020.

飞行

Aviation Squadron

Aviācijas eskadriļa
利尔瓦德

The air force’s only flying unit, formed at Spilve in 1992 with six An-2s and four Mi-2s and at Lielvārde since August 1994. Its UH-60M Black Hawks, the first two delivered on 11 December 2022, fly search and rescue at sea, medical evacuation, firefighting, transport and parachute drops; the Mi-17s went to Ukraine.

空中监视

Airspace Surveillance Squadron

Gaisa telpas novērošanas eskadriļa
利尔瓦德

Formed on 1 July 2004. It operates Sentinel and PS-70 radars and runs the Air Operations Centre, opened in March 2009, which builds Latvia’s recognised air picture and controls the fighters that respond.

防空

Air Defence Battalion

Pretgaisa aizsardzības divizions
利尔瓦德

Formed on 1 March 2000 after training in Sweden, with RBS-70 missiles and Giraffe radars; RBS-70 NG and Giraffe 1X were ordered in 2022. IRIS-T SLM, bought jointly with Estonia, is due from 2026; the ministry does not name the unit that will operate it.

Support and training

Air Force Base and Training Centre

利尔瓦德

The Air Force Base runs airfield operations, navigation aids, weather, aircraft servicing and fire and rescue; the Air Force Training Centre was formed in March 2018.


在服役

What the Latvian Air Force flies today

每种收费类型都链接到其在《野兽之书》中的页面(如果存在)。. 统计的是登记在册的飞机数量,而不是某一天可用的飞机数量。.

类型 角色 在服役 自从 单位 笔记
西科斯基 UH-60M 黑鹰直升机在服役 多用途搜救直升机 2 2022 Four ordered.

更多的

The ministry confirms the first two, which arrived on 11 December 2022; it said the other two would follow by the end of 2023, but no official page reached for this dataset confirms that they did. Wikipedia lists three in service and one outstanding. Range: 2–4.

安东诺夫 An-2在服役 轻型运输和降落伞飞机 4 1992 Four per Wikipedia, three of them refurbished (2016, August 2020, December 2021).

更多的

The An-2 is not on the air force’s current equipment page, so its status in 2026 is not officially confirmed.

Pelegrin Tarragon在服役 Ultralight trainer and observation aircraft 2 2022 Two contracted in September 2021 for delivery in 2022 and 2023, per Wikipedia; not confirmed on an official page.
安-24
UH-60M2
Tarragon2

已下单

类型 已订购 首批交付 笔记
Diehl IRIS-T SLM medium-range air defence system已下单 3 2026 Purchase order signed 30 November 2023 for about EUR 600 million, bought jointly with Estonia (umbrella agreement 11 September 2023). Deliveries from 2026.

更多的

The quantity of three fire units is from Wikipedia; the ministry gives no number and does not name the operating unit. A Baltic maintenance hub with Diehl Defence and Ripo Remonta Centrs was agreed on 16 March 2026. A ground-based system, not an aircraft.

西科斯基 UH-60M 黑鹰直升机已下单 2 2022 Four ordered; the last two were due by the end of 2023. Their delivery is not confirmed on an official page reached for this dataset; Wikipedia says one of four is still outstanding.

以前运营

Every type the Latvian Air Force has retired

15 types, from the Nieuport 24bis to the Mil Mi-8MTV / Mi-17. 峰值数字是指飞机在整个服役期内接收的机身数量,而不是任何某一天的机队规模。.

类型 角色 顶峰 已上菜 被替换为 笔记
米-8MTV/米-17 运输和搜救直升机 UH-60M 黑鹰直升机 Wikipedia: two Mi-8MTVs acquired in the early 2000s and two more bought from the Ulan-Ude factory in 2004; four Mi-17s on strength in 2018.

更多的

Totals differ between its sections, so no single figure is given.

格洛斯特角斗士 战斗机 24 26 delivered; 24 in the fighter squadrons in 1939.
布里斯托尔斗牛犬 战斗机 格洛斯特角斗士 Original total not confirmed; 11 were sold to Basque forces in 1936 and six remained in 1939.
Letov Š-16L Reconnaissance-bomber 12 21 built for Latvia; up to 12 in service in 1939.
Hawker Hind (Latvian) Reconnaissance and trainer 2 Three delivered; two listed in 1939.
Stampe et Vertongen SV.5 Tornado 教练 10 1936–1940 Ten shipped to Riga in September 1936.
Fairey Seal Naval reconnaissance floatplane 4 1934–1940 Four ordered in 1934.
VEF I-12 Trainer (Aizsargi aviation) 4 1938–1940 At least four for the Aizsargi (national guard) aviation regiment in 1938, per Wikipedia.
VEF I-16 (prototype) Prototype fighter 1 1940–1940 One prototype; some sources claim three.
PZL Mi-2 轻型直升机 4 1992年 Four at the start, per the Aviation Squadron history and Wikipedia.
让 L-410UVP Turbolet 光运输 2 1993年 Two donated by Germany in 1993, per Wikipedia.
PZL-104 Wilga 35A 培训员和联络员 6 1993年 Six ex-DOSAAF aircraft from March 1993, per Wikipedia.
Gliders (LET L-13 Blaník, SZD-48-3 Jantar, LAK-12) Glider training 1992年 About 20 Blaníks, three Jantars and three LAK-12s, per Wikipedia.
Nieuport 24bis 战斗机 1919年 Captured aircraft; numbers not given.
索普威斯 1½ 支架 Reconnaissance-bomber 1919年 Captured examples in 1919; Wikipedia adds three from Britain in December 1919.

空军基地

Where the Latvian Air Force flies from

黑色销钉是活动底座,空心销钉是已闭合的底座。. Lielvārde is Latvia’s only military airfield, and every fighter on it is allied: NATO’s Baltic Air Policing flew a full rotation from here for the first time from 1 March 2024, and in September 2026 four German Eurofighters deployed to guard the elections. Spilve in Riga, the air force’s airfield from 1919 to 1940 and again from 1992 to 1994, is now a general aviation field and aviation museum; Riga Airport hosts only an allied helicopter detachment.

活跃空军基地 关闭或预订点击图钉即可打开基础页面
根据 国际民航组织 地位 跑道 部队和飞机
利尔瓦德食人魔市(Ogres novads),伦巴特教区 EVGA 积极的 18/362500米混凝土和沥青复合材料
  • 空军总部 (Gaisa spēku štābs)
  • 航空中队 (Aviācijas eskadriļa): UH-60M 黑鹰直升机, An-2 (per Wikipedia)
  • 空域监视中队 (Gaisa telpas novērošanas eskadriļa)
  • 防空营(Pretgaisa aizsardzības divizions)
  • 空军基地 (Gaisa spēku bāze)
  • 空军训练中心(Gaisa spēku mācību centrs)
  • 德国空军欧洲战斗机部署: 欧洲台风战斗机
  • 西班牙NASAMS电池
  • 美国空军轮换人员
  • 德国空军波罗的海空中警戒分队: 欧洲台风战斗机
  • 美国陆军第3航空团第1营(攻击侦察营): AH-64D/E 阿帕奇

没有找到符合搜索结果的空军基地。.


战斗序列

Who is stationed where in the Latvian Air Force

按基地排列飞行部队,当前部队优先。. The Aviation Squadron is the only Latvian flying unit; the German, Spanish, American and Canadian detachments at Lielvārde and Riga are listed too, each marked as allied, not Latvian. Where a type or a count rests on Wikipedia alone, the entry says so.

利尔瓦尔德空军基地 · EVGA拉脱维亚空军
空军总部 (Gaisa spēku štābs)总部 · 活跃
航空中队 (Aviācijas eskadriļa)Helicopter and transport squadron · active
UH-60M 黑鹰直升机
空域监视中队 (Gaisa telpas novērošanas eskadriļa)Radar surveillance and air operations centre · active
防空营(Pretgaisa aizsardzības divizions)地面防空 · 现役
空军基地 (Gaisa spēku bāze)机场支援部队 · 现役
空军训练中心(Gaisa spēku mācību centrs)训练单位·活跃
德国空军欧洲战斗机部署Temporary fighter deployment · allied
欧洲台风战斗机
西班牙NASAMS电池地面防空 · 盟军
美国空军轮换人员轮换支援·盟军
德国空军波罗的海空中警戒分队2024–2024
欧洲台风战斗机
美国陆军第3航空团第1营(攻击侦察营)2022–2022
AH-64D/E 阿帕奇

没有符合搜索条件的单位。.


时间线

Latvian Air Force milestones, 1914 to today

1919

7 June: Lt Alfrēds Valeika is ordered to form the Latvian army’s Aviation Group; first flight 5 August, first bombing mission 26 August.

1920

20 January: military aviation school founded. 1 February: armistice with Soviet Russia after 69 combat sorties and 101 flying hours; peace treaty 11 August.

1921

March: the Aviation Park becomes the Aviation Division, with aircraft from Italy, Czechoslovakia and Britain.

1924

Five squadrons; airfields at Spilve, Krustpils, Daugavpils, Liepāja and Gulbene.

1926

28 September: the Aviation Division becomes the Aviation Regiment (18 September on another mil.lv page).

1936

Eleven Bulldogs sold to Basque forces; three Fairey Seals fly about 6,000 km to England and back; ten Stampe SV.5s arrive.

1939

Eight squadrons with 60 aircraft and 120 pilots, per mil.lv; 30 Hurricanes ordered and paid for, never delivered.

1940

June: Soviet occupation. 25 December: the Aviation Regiment officially ceases to exist; aircraft go to the USSR and personnel are deported.

1969

The Soviet airfield at Lielvārde is built for an attack aircraft regiment.

1992

24 February: Air and Air Defence Administration formed; 17 June: the Air Force is restored, flying An-2s and Mi-2s from Spilve.

1994

August: the Aviation Squadron moves to Lielvārde, vacated by the Russian regiment in 1993.

2000

1 March: the Air Defence Battalion is formed, trained in Sweden.

2004

Latvia joins NATO; Baltic Air Policing starts on 30 March; the Airspace Surveillance Squadron is formed on 1 July.

2009

March: the Air Operations Centre opens at Lielvārde.

2018

March: Training Centre formed. September: cabinet approves four UH-60M Black Hawks.

2022

February: 20 US Army Apaches arrive at Lielvārde. 11 December: the first two UH-60Ms arrive; Mi-17s go to Ukraine.

2024

1 March: NATO air policing is flown from Lielvārde for the first time, by German Eurofighters. 7 September: a Russian Shahed drone crashes in Rēzekne municipality.

2026

8 June and 14 August: allied fighters shoot down drones over Latvia. 4 September: Col. Edmunds Svenčs takes command. 24 September: German Eurofighters deploy to Lielvārde for the elections.


战斗记录

拉脱维亚空军参与的每一场战争

记录中有出击次数和损失的地方都如实记录,没有记录的地方则保持空白。.

3冲突
1919第一的
0飞机失事
0被杀
  • 拉脱维亚独立战争 1919–1920 Reconnaissance and bombing with captured and British-supplied aircraft
  • 苏联对拉脱维亚的占领 1940 Did not resist; the government accepted the Soviet ultimatum and the regiment was dissolved
  • 东部边境防空 2024–2026 Radar detection, air picture and control from the Air Operations Centre; ground-based air defence along the border

打开完整战斗记录


制造商

Who built the Latvian Air Force fleet

本页上每架飞机背后的公司都有自己的页面:公司的故事、制造的每种机型、数量以及其他使用它们的空军。.



问答

Everything people ask about the Latvian Air Force

拉脱维亚空军用拉脱维亚语叫什么?
Gaisa spēki, "air forces", the name used on the armed forces’ site mil.lv. It is one of the services of the National Armed Forces (Nacionālie bruņotie spēki). Its motto, Visu par Latviju ("All for Latvia"), is inherited from the interwar air arm.
拉脱维亚有战斗机吗?
No. The Latvian Air Force has no combat aircraft. Latvian airspace is guarded by NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission, flown by allied fighters from Šiauliai in Lithuania and Ämari in Estonia, and in 2024 from Lielvārde itself. Latvia’s own job is to watch the sky with radars, run the air operations centre that controls those fighters, and provide ground-based air defence.
拉脱维亚空军使用哪些机型?
Its front-line type is the UH-60M 黑鹰直升机: four were ordered and the first two arrived on 11 December 2022. Wikipedia also lists four An-2 biplanes and two locally built Pelegrin Tarragon light aircraft. The old 米-8/米-17 helicopters were given to Ukraine after 2022.
拉脱维亚有多少架黑鹰直升机?
Latvia ordered four UH-60Ms for EUR 175 million. The Ministry of Defence confirms the first two, which arrived on 11 December 2022 and were inducted at Lielvārde on 23 February 2023; the other two were due by the end of 2023. Official confirmation of those later deliveries was not found, and Wikipedia says three are in service.
拉脱维亚空军的基地在哪里?
At Lielvārde Air Base (EVGA), a former Soviet airfield south-east of Riga and the only aerodrome listed for military use in Latvia’s AIP. All the air force’s units are there: headquarters, Aviation Squadron, Airspace Surveillance Squadron, Air Defence Battalion, Training Centre and the base unit. The restored air force started out at Spilve in Riga in 1992 and moved to Lielvārde in August 1994.
拉脱维亚空军成立于何时?
Twice. The army’s aviation group was formed on 7 June 1919, during the War of Independence, and grew into the Aviation Regiment before it was dissolved after the Soviet occupation on 25 December 1940. The modern air force traces its restoration to 24 February 1992, when an Air and Air Defence Administration was set up, and celebrates 17 June 1992 as its restoration day.
Was Latvia’s interwar air force really the strongest in the Baltics?
That is the air force’s own claim on mil.lv. In 1939 it had eight squadrons with 60 aircraft and 120 pilots, according to mil.lv; Wikipedia counts about 130 aircraft by 1940 including trainers. The fighter force was built on 26 格洛斯特角斗士, and 30 Hurricanes ordered in 1939 were never delivered. It never fought: the Red Army occupied Latvia in June 1940.
Who commands the Latvian Air Force?
Colonel Edmunds Svenčs, from 4 September 2026, according to mil.lv. He succeeded Colonel Viesturs Masulis, who led the air force from 2020 to 2026. The minister of defence is Raivis Melnis, confirmed by the Saeima on 29 May 2026 after Andris Sprūds resigned.
What air defence is Latvia buying?
The German IRIS-T SLM medium-range system, bought together with Estonia: the purchase order was signed on 30 November 2023 for about EUR 600 million, and deliveries begin in 2026. The air force already operates RBS-70 short-range missiles with Giraffe radars. Spain has rotated a NASAMS battery to Lielvārde, but that system is Spanish, not Latvian.
Have drones been shot down over Latvia?
Yes, by allied fighters. NATO Baltic Air Policing jets shot down a drone over Latgale on 8 June 2026 and another near Rugāji on 14 August 2026; the Latvian armed forces later identified the August drone as Ukrainian, probably diverted by Russian electronic warfare. A Russian Shahed-type drone had crashed in Rēzekne municipality on 7 September 2024.



参考资料及延伸阅读

所有事实均已核实

数据已于 2026 年 9 月 29 日核实。战斗序列页面由单个数据集重新生成;如果此处的数字与野兽之书页面不一致,则此页面为两者中较新的页面。.

Photographs: Photo: Anna Zvereva from Tallinn, Estonia / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo (Tarragon in civil markings shown): JurisNoLaukiem / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo (L-410 in other markings shown): Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo (Wilga in civil markings shown): Łukasz Golowanow and Maciek Hypś, Konflikty.pl / Wikimedia Commons (Attribution) · Photo (Nieuport 24bis replica shown): Oren Rozen / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Photo (RAF 1½ Strutter shown): Nimbus227 / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Royal Air Force Gladiator. San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Royal Air Force Bulldog. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo (Letov Š-16 shown): L’Aéronautique magazine / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Le Pontential Aérien Mondial 1936 / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)