Wikipedia lists the war among the air force’s engagements; its armed Provosts and Jet Provosts were bought for close support.

The first civil war began in 1955, a year before independence, and lasted until the Addis Ababa Agreement of March 1972; Wikipedia’s war article puts the death toll at 500,000 to one million. The young air force was equipped for exactly this kind of war: its first combat aircraft, Provost T.53s ordered in May 1957, carried two machine guns and light bombs, and the Jet Provosts of 1962 were, in Wikipedia’s words, delivered "with a close air support capability". Beyond that, the sources reached say almost nothing about how the air force was used against the Anyanya.

תוֹצָאָה Ended by the Addis Ababa Agreement of March 1972.

The air role in this war is poorly documented in the sources reached; no strikes, sorties or losses are given here.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Southern Sudan

בַּצַד

אין זרוע אווירית של בעלות הברית

נֶגֶד

Anyanya southern rebels

כְּלִי טַיִס

Provost T.53, ג'ט פרווסט

אֲבֵדוֹת

Not found in the sources reached.

מקורות

ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה

Bombed rebel-held areas with Antonov transports and attacked with helicopter gunships and jets, according to Human Rights Watch.

The second civil war began on 5 June 1983 and killed one to two million people, most from hunger and disease, according to Wikipedia. Human Rights Watch documented indiscriminate bombing as early as 1994. Its 2003 report on oil and human rights describes the government opening the May 1999 offensive in Ruweng County with "Antonov bombers and helicopter gunships" before tanks and militia moved in, says oil revenue bought 16 new attack helicopters in 2001–2002, "more than tripling" the fleet, and reports helicopters killing 24 civilians at a relief food distribution site in early 2002. The Antonov, a transport aircraft whose crew rolled bombs out of the rear door, became the symbol of the war in the south.

תוֹצָאָה Ended by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in Nairobi on 9 January 2005; South Sudan became independent in 2011.

Figures on strikes and casualties come from Human Rights Watch; the government’s response to these specific findings was not found in the sources reached.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Southern Sudan, the Nuba Mountains and the oilfields

בַּצַד

אין זרוע אווירית של בעלות הברית

נֶגֶד

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA)

כְּלִי טַיִס

Antonov transports, מי-24, Chinese and Soviet jets

אֲבֵדוֹת

Accidents included a C-130H on 26 February 1996 (91 dead) and an An-32 on 12 February 1998 that killed the First Vice-President.

מקורות

ארגון Human Rights Watch · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה

Bombed villages and rebel areas with Antonovs, helicopter gunships, MiGs and Su-25s, according to Human Rights Watch and the UN Panel of Experts; the government denied targeting civilians.

The rebel raid on El Fasher on 25 April 2003 turned a local rebellion into a war, and the government answered with air power. In May 2004 Human Rights Watch reported Antonovs dropping "crude but lethal ‘barrel bombs’ filled with metal shards" on Masalit, Fur and Zaghawa areas, and found that Antonovs bombed Habila six times on 27 August 2003, killing 24 people. In 2007 the UN Panel of Experts reported a white-painted An-26 with UN markings at El Fasher and mapped more than 100 aerial bombardments; Sudan’s UN ambassador, Abdelmahmood Abdelhaleem, called it "a fabricated report" and "big lies". In 2011 former Panel members recorded five Su-25s, three Mi-17s and several Mi-24s in Darfur. Estimates of the war’s dead range from about 10,000 (the Sudanese government) to more than 300,000 (a British parliamentary report).

תוֹצָאָה Ended by the Juba peace agreement of 31 August 2020.

Most strike and casualty findings come from Human Rights Watch and the UN Panel of Experts, and the government rejected them at the time.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Darfur

בַּצַד

Janjaweed and allied militias

נֶגֶד

Sudan Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement

כְּלִי טַיִס

Antonov transports, מי-24, סו-25, מיג-29

אֲבֵדוֹת

At El Fasher on 25 April 2003 rebels destroyed four Antonovs and helicopter gunships according to the government, seven aircraft according to the rebels; 75 military personnel were killed. A Mi-24 crashed near El Fasher on 18 April 2011. JEM claimed a MiG-29 over Omdurman on 10 May 2008; the government denied it.

מקורות

ארגון Human Rights Watch · סודן טריביון · מועצת הביטחון של האו"ם · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה

South Sudan accused Sudanese aircraft of bombing its territory; Sudan denied carrying out air raids.

Fighting over the Heglig oilfield ran from 26 March to 26 September 2012. According to Wikipedia’s account, which cites South Sudanese statements and the press, the Sudanese Air Force bombed the Unity oilfield on 27 March, an improvised An-26 bomber hit Bentiu on 12 April, two MiG-29s missed the Bentiu bridge on 14 April, killing four civilians and a soldier, and a raid on Rubkona on 23 April killed at least three. South Sudan said it shot down a MiG-29 on 4 April. Khartoum called the accusations "fabrications" and said no aerial bombing had taken place.

תוֹצָאָה An agreement on 27 September 2012 set up a demilitarised border zone and resumed oil exports.

Every strike and the claimed shoot-down are South Sudanese claims or press reports; Sudan denied them.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Unity State and the Heglig oilfield

בַּצַד

אין זרוע אווירית של בעלות הברית

נֶגֶד

South Sudan (SPLA)

כְּלִי טַיִס

מיג-29, אנטונוב אנ-26

אֲבֵדוֹת

South Sudan claimed a MiG-29 shot down over Unity on 4 April 2012; Sudan denied any air raids had taken place.

מקורות

ויקיפדיה

Sent three or four Su-24s and transport aircraft to King Khalid Air Base for the coalition air campaign.

Sudan joined the coalition at the start of Operation Decisive Storm in March 2015. President Omar al-Bashir told al-Masry al-Youm that Sudan had sent three Su-24 fighters and some transport aircraft, while other officials spoke of four Su-24s; Al-Arabiya footage showed them at King Khalid Air Base, and Bashir said "Sudanese pilots are representing you well as they fly their jets over the skies of Yemen." The coalition spokesman did not detail Sudanese strikes. Sudan’s much larger contribution was on the ground, with about 15,000 troops at the peak.

תוֹצָאָה Sudan cut its troop commitment from 15,000 to 5,000 in December 2019.

No Sudanese strike or sortie figures were published.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Yemen, flying from Saudi Arabia

בַּצַד

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco

נֶגֶד

החות'ים (אנצאר אללה)

כְּלִי טַיִס

סו-24

אֲבֵדוֹת

The Houthis claimed on 28 March 2015 to have shot down a Sudanese aircraft and captured its pilot; Sudan denied that any of its four warplanes had been hit.

מקורות

סודן טריביון · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה

The army’s main advantage over the RSF: air strikes with jets, transports used as bombers and, increasingly, armed drones.

The war began on 15 April 2023, and on the first day the RSF seized Merowe air base. Air strikes became the army’s main weapon in Khartoum and Darfur. Human Rights Watch says the army and its allies "indiscriminately bombed populated areas", citing among others a 10 September 2024 strike on a market south of the capital that killed at least 46 (the two sides blamed each other), unguided OFAB-250 and FAB bombs on Nyala, and a strike on a mosque in West Kordofan on 21 June 2025 that killed 41. The army spokesman, Brigadier General Nabil Abdallah, called the Nyala findings "untrue and detached from reality" and accused the RSF of attacking hospitals, water and power. The RSF has used drones against Merowe, Port Sudan from 4 May 2025 and Khartoum’s power stations. On 3 September 2026 the UN fact-finding mission said drone strikes by both sides may amount to war crimes; the UN Human Rights Office counted more than 1,000 civilians killed by drones between January and 11 May 2026. In October 2024 the RSF leader, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), accused Egypt of bombing RSF positions at Jebel Moya and of supplying the army with eight warplanes; Egypt’s response was not found in the sources reached.

תוֹצָאָה ממשיך נכון למועד כתיבת שורות אלה.

Overall death toll estimates range from 150,000 to 400,000 and are highly uncertain (Wikipedia). Strike attributions are those of HRW and UN bodies; the army and the RSF each deny targeting civilians.

טיסה עבור

חיל האוויר הסודני

אֵיפֹה

Khartoum, Darfur, Kordofan, Al-Jazirah and the north and east

בַּצַד

אין זרוע אווירית של בעלות הברית

נֶגֶד

Rapid Support Forces (RSF)

כְּלִי טַיִס

מיג-29, סו-24, סו-25, Il-76, Antonov transports, Akinci and other drones

גיחות

The army says it destroyed more than 112 RSF drones between January and August 2026.

אֲבֵדוֹת

Sudan War Monitor reports the loss of nearly all air force equipment since 2023. Losses on record include the C-130H at Wadi Seidna (21 March 2024), an An-26 at Omdurman (25 February 2025, at least 46 dead, the army blaming a technical fault) and an Il-76 near Babanusa (4 November 2025, claimed by the RSF, blamed by the army on a wing malfunction).

מקורות

ארגון Human Rights Watch · ארגון Human Rights Watch · סודן טריביון · סודן טריביון · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה · ויקיפדיה · סודן טריביון · סודן טריביון · סודן טריביון · סודן טריביון · סודן טריביון · Sudan War Monitor · סודן טריביון