Royal Cambodian Air Force
The Royal Cambodian Air Force is one of the smallest air forces in Asia: founded as the Aviation Royale Khmère by royal decree on 22 April 1954, it grew to 211 aircraft under American aid by 1975, was scattered in the Khmer Rouge victory, rebuilt around 19 Soviet MiG-21s in the 1980s, and today flies no combat jets at all — only a few dozen transports and helicopters, which is why the 2025 border war with Thailand was fought in the air by one side only.
The Royal Cambodian Air Force story: Sihanouk’s neutral air force, the Khmer Air Force at war and a border war without fighters
1954–1970: Sihanouk’s neutral air force, supplied by everyone
Cambodia’s air force was created by a royal decree of Prince Norodom Sihanouk on 22 April 1954 as the Aviation Royale Khmère (AVRK), commanded by his personal physician, Colonel Dr Ngo Hou. It began with four Morane-Saulnier Criquets and three Cessnas, and French instructors opened a flying school at Pochentong that October. Sihanouk’s neutrality meant accepting aircraft from anyone: T-6G trainers, C-47s and H-34 helicopters from the United States; 16 AD-4N Skyraiders and Alouettes from France; four Fouga Magisters in 1961; and, from November 1963, MiG-17Fs, a MiG-15UTI, An-2s and Il-14s from the Soviet Union, with J-5 fighters from China. By March 1970, according to Wikipedia’s account of the service, the AVRK had 1,250 officers and airmen and 143 aircraft of 23 types — a museum of the Cold War rather than an air force, and very hard to keep flying.
1970–1975: the Khmer Air Force at war
After the coup of March 1970 the air arm sided with the Khmer Republic and was renamed the Khmer Air Force on 8 June 1971. It was nearly wiped out first: on the night of 21–22 January 1971 a North Vietnamese sapper raid on Pochentong destroyed or badly damaged 69 aircraft, including the MiGs. American aid rebuilt it around T-28D fighter-bombers, AC-47 and AU-24 gunships, UH-1 helicopters and C-123K transports, and by January 1975 Brigadier General Ea Chhong commanded about 10,000 people and 211 aircraft. The record was mixed. T-28 pilots flew up to 70 sorties a day in October 1973 and, in March 1974, destroyed at least 125 trucks in one strike at Dambe; but disloyal pilots also bombed the presidential palace in March 1973, killing 43 people according to Wikipedia’s sources, and attacked Phnom Penh twice more before the end.
1975–1989: Khmer Rouge, Vietnamese invasion and the MiG-21s
When Phnom Penh fell on 17 April 1975, 97 aircraft escaped to Thailand with their crews. The Khmer Rouge salvaged what was left, including 22 T-28Ds and 20 UH-1s, and flew a handful from Ream until United States Navy jets bombed the field during the Mayaguez incident on 15 May 1975. Democratic Kampuchea also received fighter aircraft from China and used forced labour, more than 10,000 workers by 1977, to build a jet airfield at Kampong Chhnang that was never finished. After Vietnam took Phnom Penh on 7 January 1979, the People’s Republic of Kampuchea rebuilt a small air arm with Soviet and Vietnamese help. Its centrepiece was 19 second-hand MiG-21bis and three MiG-21UM trainers delivered from the USSR in 1982, with three more trainers from Bulgaria, alongside Mi-8, Mi-17 and Mi-24 helicopters and An-24 transports; about 1,500 personnel trained in Vietnam and the Soviet Union.
1993–2024: a helicopter air force
The State of Cambodia’s forces were merged into the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces on 24 September 1993, after the Paris Peace Accords and the UN-run election. The MiG-21s did not survive the peace. Cambodia sent them to Israel for an upgrade to MiG-21-2000 standard, but, according to Wikipedia’s list of operators, which cites Gordon, Dexter and Komissarov, only one MiG-21bis and one MiG-21UM came back rebuilt, and by 2007 all were reported stored and out of service. The L-39 trainers went the same way. What remained was a helicopter and transport air force: Mi-8s and Mi-17s, Chinese Harbin Z-9 helicopters, a Harbin Y-12 and two Xian MA60 transports, and a single A320 for VIP flights. Wikipedia’s summary of FlightGlobal’s figures gives about 31 aircraft; strength estimates range from 1,500 to 5,000 people.
2025–2026: a border war fought in the air by one side
That weakness was exposed on 24 July 2025, when fighting broke out on the Thai border near Prasat Ta Muen Thom. Each government says the other fired first. Within hours, according to Wikipedia’s compilation of media reports, six Royal Thai Air Force F-16s bombed Cambodian positions at Chong An Ma, and Thai F-16s and Gripens struck again on 26 and 27 July. No sourced account reached for this page describes any Cambodian air force combat mission or aircraft loss; Cambodia answered with artillery, BM-21 rockets and drones. The Cambodian Mine Action Centre later displayed Mk 82 and Mk 84 bombs it said were dropped by Thai F-16s inside Cambodia, while Thailand said its jets hit military targets. After a ceasefire on 28 July and the Kuala Lumpur accord in October, Thai jets struck again in December before a ceasefire on 27 December 2025. Cambodia, with no fighters, could not contest its own airspace.
The Royal Cambodian Air Force in numbers
Hizmet
- Yerli isim
- កងទ័ពជើងអាកាសKong Toap Cheung Akas, literally "air force", the Khmer form given by English Wikipedia. An official Cambodian page with the full name was not reachable
- Kurulan
- 22 April 1954Royal decree creating the Aviation Royale Khmère (AVRK). Wikipedia’s article on the present service gives 9 November 1953 (independence), and the present Royal Cambodian Armed Forces date from 24 September 1993
- Bir parçası
- Royal Cambodian Armed ForcesCommander-in-chief General Vong Pisen since 2018; Minister of National Defence General Tea Seiha
- Merkez Ofis
- Pochentong, Phnom PenhWikipedia places the headquarters at Phnom Penh International Airport (Pochentong Air Base). The airport closed to civil flights on 8 September 2025; the future of the air force’s presence there was not stated in the sources reached
- Komutan
- Gen. Soeung SamnangAs named by English Wikipedia; appointment date not confirmed
- Earlier names
- Aviation Royale Khmère (1954), Khmer National Aviation (1970), Khmer Air Force (1971–75), Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Air Force (1979–89)The Khmer Rouge’s air arm of 1975–79 is called AFKRA in Wikipedia’s account
Kuvvet
- Personel
- 1,500–5,000Wikipedia’s air force article gives 1,500 personnel; its Royal Cambodian Armed Forces article calls the air force the smallest branch with 5,000 members. Neither figure is confirmed by an official Cambodian source
- Savaş uçağı
- None operationalAll fighters (MiG-21bis, L-39C, J-6C, MiG-17F and others) are listed as non-operational as of 2023; the MiG-21s were reported stored by 2007
- Ulaşım
-
- Airbus A320 — 1 (VIP)
- Xian MA60 — 2
- Harbin Y-12 — 1
- Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander — 1
Inventory as given by Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal World Air Forces
- Helikopterler
-
- Mil Mi-8 — 9
- Mil Mi-17 — 6
- Harbin Z-9 — 9
- AgustaWestland AW109 — 1
- Eurocopter AS355 — 1 (stored)
About 31 aircraft in all by the same count
- Savunma bütçesi
- About US$739 million (2025)2.903 trillion riel, 1.47 per cent of GDP, for all the armed forces
- Peak strength
- 211 aircraft, about 10,000 people (January 1975)Khmer Air Force under Brig. Gen. Ea Chhong
Altyapı
- Ana üs
- Pochentong (Phnom Penh)Base Aérienne 101 in the Khmer Air Force era; runway 05/23, 3,000 m. Civil flights moved to Techo International Airport on 9 September 2025; the government said on 20 October 2025 that the runway would be kept for emergency landings
- Helicopter operations
- Siem ReapWikipedia names Siem Reap International Airport as a site of helicopter operations
- Historic air bases
-
- Battambang — Base Aérienne 201, air academy from 1970
- Ream — Base Aérienne 122, bombed by the US on 15 May 1975
- Kampong Cham — Base Aérienne 121
- Kampong Chhnang — Base Aérienne 124
Khmer Air Force designations 1970–75
- Unfinished jet base
- Kampong Chhnang airfieldBuilt by the Khmer Rouge with Chinese advisers from 1976 by forced labour (more than 10,000 workers by 1977); 2,400 m concrete runway, abandoned since the late 1970s
- Jet-capable fighter base
- None in useNo combat jets are operational
How the Royal Cambodian Air Force is organised
One headquarters at Pochentong in Phnom Penh, under the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, over a VIP squadron and a helicopter squadron. Cambodia has no operational combat aircraft: its MiG-21s were reported stored by 2007, and Wikipedia’s summary of FlightGlobal’s figures gives about 31 transports and helicopters. Strength estimates range from 1,500 to 5,000 people.
Air Force Headquarters
One of the services of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, commanded by General Vong Pisen since 2018. English Wikipedia names General Soeung Samnang as air force commander, with four deputies; the date of his appointment was not confirmed, and no official Cambodian page confirming the post was reachable.
VIP Squadron
According to Wikipedia, the only operational fixed-wing aircraft at Pochentong belong to the VIP squadron. Its types, an A320 and Xian MA60s, are inferred from the service inventory and were not confirmed by an official source.
Helicopter Squadron
Harbin Z-9 and Mil Mi-17 helicopters based at Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, according to Wikipedia; no official unit designation was found, and whether the Siem Reap detachment stayed after the civil airport closed in October 2023 is not stated. Wikipedia’s inventory also lists nine Mi-8s.
What the Royal Cambodian Air Force flies today
Ücretli olan her tür, varsa ilgili Canavarlar Kitabı sayfasına bağlanmıştır. Sayılar, belirli bir günde müsait olan uçak sayısını değil, kayıtlarda yer alan uçak sayısını ifade eder.
| Türü | Rol | Hizmette | O zamandan beri | Birimler | Notlar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mil Mi-8Hizmette | Çok amaçlı helikopter | 9 | — | Nine in service (Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal). | ||
| Mil Mi-17Hizmette | Nakliye helikopteri | 6 | — | Six in service (Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal). Ten were listed for the 1980s air arm. | ||
| Harbin Z-9Hizmette | Çok amaçlı helikopter | 9 | — | Nine in service (Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal). | ||
| Harbin Y-12Hizmette | Hafif ulaşım | 1 | — | One in service (Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal). | ||
| Xian MA60Hizmette | Ulaşım | 2 | — | Two in service (Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal). | ||
| Airbus A320Hizmette | VIP ulaşım | 1 | — | Bir. | ||
| Britten-Norman BN-2 IslanderHizmette | Hafif ulaşım | 1 | — | Bir. | ||
| AgustaWestland AW109Hizmette | Çok amaçlı helikopter | 1 | — | Bir. | ||
| Eurocopter AS355 Ecureuil 2Hizmette | Çok amaçlı helikopter | 1 | 1996 | — | One, stored. |
Every type the Royal Cambodian Air Force has retired
23 types, from the Morane-Saulnier MS 733 Alcyon to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis and MiG-21UM. Zirve rakamları, herhangi bir tarihteki filo gücünü değil, tüm hizmet ömrü boyunca teslim alınan uçak gövdelerini ifade eder.
| Türü | Rol | Doruğa ulaşmak | Servis edildi | Yerine şu geçti: | Notlar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis and MiG-21UM | Savaşçı | 25 | 1982–2007 | — | 19 MiG-21bis and three MiG-21UM from the USSR in 1982, plus three MiG-21UM from Bulgaria. | |
| Douglas C-47 Skytrain | Ulaşım | 23 | — | — | 23 in the 1st Transport Squadron in January 1975, plus six trainers and one EC-47D. | |
| North American T-28D Trojan | Avcı-bombardıman uçağı | 64 | 1964–1975 | — | 64 in the 1st Fighter Squadron in January 1975, plus 16 T-28B trainers; 50 T-28Ds escaped to Thailand on 17 April 1975. | |
| Douglas AC-47D Spooky | Savaş helikopteri | 14 | 1971–1975 | — | 14 in January 1975; seven escaped to Thailand. | |
| Helio AU-24A Stallion | Mini-gunship | 14 | 1972–1975 | — | 14 delivered in 1972. | |
| Fairchild C-123K Provider | Taktiksel ulaşım | 21 | 1973–1975 | — | 21 in January 1975; ten escaped to Thailand. | |
| Bell UH-1D/H and UH-1G Iroquois | Transport and gunship helicopter | 56 | 1970–1975 | — | 46 UH-1D/H and 10 UH-1G in January 1975. | |
| Cessna O-1D Bird Dog | Forward air control | 45 | — | — | 45 in January 1975. | |
| Cessna T-37B Tweet | Jet eğitim uçağı | 24 | 1973–1975 | — | 24 under Project Flycatcher. | |
| Cessna T-41D Mescalero | Baş eğitmen | 22 | 1971–1975 | — | 22 in January 1975. | |
| Sud Aviation Alouette II and III | Hafif helikopter | — | — | — | Number not confirmed; three Alouette IIIs in January 1975. | |
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F | Savaşçı | 8 | 1963–1971 | — | Three from November 1963 and five more in April 1967. | |
| Aero L-39C Albatros | Jet eğitim uçağı | — | — | — | Sayı henüz doğrulanmadı. | |
| Shenyang J-6C | Savaşçı | — | — | — | Sayı henüz doğrulanmadı. | |
| Shenyang J-5 and FT-5 | Savaşçı | 11 | — | — | Ten J-5 fighters and one FT-5 trainer from China. | |
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15UTI | Jet eğitim uçağı | 1 | 1963– | — | One, delivered with the first MiG-17Fs in November 1963. | |
| Potez CM.170R Fouga Magister | Jet eğitim uçağı ve hafif saldırı uçağı | 4 | 1961– | — | Four received in September 1961. | |
| Douglas AD-4N Skyraider | Saldırı | 16 | — | T-28D | 16 from France. | |
| North American T-6G Texan | Eğitmen | 14 | — | — | 14 from the United States. | |
| Morane-Saulnier MS 733 Alcyon | Eğitmen | 15 | 1954– | — | 15 in 1954–55. | |
| Antonov An-2 and Ilyushin Il-14 | Ulaşım | 10 | 1963– | — | Eight An-2 and two Il-14 from the USSR. | |
| Mil Mi-24 | Saldırı helikopteri | 3 | — | — | Three (1980s). | |
| Antonov An-24 and Tupolev Tu-134 | Ulaşım | 5 | — | — | Three An-24 and two Tu-134 (1980s). |
Where the Royal Cambodian Air Force flies from
Siyah işaretler aktif üsleri, içi boş işaretler ise kapanmış havaalanlarını temsil eder. Pochentong is the headquarters and main base, though its civil flights moved to Techo International in September 2025; Kampong Cham and Ream were Khmer Air Force bases until 1975, and Kampong Chhnang is the unfinished jet base the Khmer Rouge built by forced labour. Battambang, the Khmer Air Force Academy from 1970, has been a military airfield again since 2018, according to Wikipedia. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.
| Temel | ICAO | Durum | Pist | Birimler ve uçaklar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BattambangBattambang Province | VDBG | Aktif | 07/251,600 m |
|
| PochentongPhnom Penh | VDPP | Aktif | 05/233.000 m |
|
| Siem ReapSiem Reap Province | VDSR | Aktif | 05/232.550 mbeton |
|
| Kampong ChhnangKampong Chhnang Province | VDKH | Kapalı | 18/362400 metrebeton | — |
| Kampong ChamKampong Cham Province | VDKC | Closed 1975 | 05/231,189 m |
|
| ReamPreah Sihanouk Province | Closed 1975 | — | — |
Arama sonucunda bu kriterlere uyan bir hava üssü bulunamadı.
Who is stationed where in the Royal Cambodian Air Force
Üslerine göre uçan birlikler, önce mevcut birlikler. Today’s Cambodian units are known only by role — a VIP squadron and a helicopter squadron — while the Khmer Air Force of 1971–1975 had numbered squadrons and numbered air bases, Pochentong being Base Aérienne 101. Where a unit’s aircraft or base rests on Wikipedia alone, the entry says so.
- VIP SquadronVIP taşıma filosu · aktif
- Airbus A320, Xian MA60
- Helicopter SquadronHelikopter filosu · aktif
- Harbin Z-9, Mil Mi-17
- 1st Fighter Squadron, Khmer Air Force—
- T-28D Trojan
- 1st Transport Squadron, Khmer Air Force—
- AC-47D Spooky, C-47 Skytrain, C-123K Provider
- Helicopter Squadron detachmentHelikopter birliği · aktif
- Harbin Z-9, Mil Mi-17
- Air Force Academy and Advanced Training Squadron, Khmer Air Force1970–1975
- Nanchang BT-6/PT-6, Yakovlev Yak-18, Gardan GY-80 Horizon
Bu aramaya uyan bir birim bulunamadı.
Royal Cambodian Air Force milestones, 1914 to today
9 November: Cambodia gains independence from France; Wikipedia’s article on the air force gives this as its founding date.
22 April: royal decree of Prince Norodom Sihanouk creates the Aviation Royale Khmère under Colonel Dr Ngo Hou; French instructors open the flying school at Pochentong in October.
September: four Fouga Magisters arrive, the first jets; by the end of the year the AVRK has 83 aircraft.
November: the first Soviet MiG-17Fs, a MiG-15UTI and a Yak-18 arrive; five more MiG-17Fs follow in April 1967.
21 March: two AVRK T-28Ds cross into South Vietnam and shoot down an L-19, killing its Vietnamese pilot and American observer.
March: after the coup the service becomes Khmer National Aviation; strength is 1,250 people and 143 aircraft.
21–22 January: a North Vietnamese sapper raid on Pochentong destroys or badly damages 69 aircraft and kills 39 airmen. 8 June: renamed Khmer Air Force.
17 March: Capt. So Patra bombs the presidential palace in a T-28D; Wikipedia’s sources give 43 killed.
March: ten T-28Ds guided by an O-1D destroy at least 125 trucks at Dambe.
17 April: Phnom Penh falls; 97 aircraft escape to Thailand. 15 May: US Navy jets bomb Ream airfield, destroying Khmer Rouge T-28s, during the Mayaguez incident.
Construction of Kampong Chhnang airfield begins, with Chinese advisers and forced labour.
7 January: Vietnamese forces take Phnom Penh; the People’s Republic of Kampuchea starts rebuilding an air arm.
19 MiG-21bis and three MiG-21UM arrive from the USSR, plus three MiG-21UM from Bulgaria.
21–26 September: the last Vietnamese troops leave; the armed forces become the Cambodian People’s Armed Forces.
24 September: the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces are formed, including the Royal Cambodian Air Force.
All MiG-21s reported stored and out of service; only one MiG-21bis and one MiG-21UM had come back from the Israeli upgrade.
24–28 July and 7–27 December: border fighting with Thailand; Thai F-16s and Gripens strike Cambodian positions. 8 September: last flights at Phnom Penh International (Pochentong) before civil traffic moves to Techo.
Every war the Royal Cambodian Air Force has fought
Kayıtlarda belirtilen yerlerde sorti ve kayıplar, belirtilmeyen yerlerde ise boş bırakılmıştır.
- Border incidents with South Vietnam 1964–1970 Patrolled the eastern border of a neutral Cambodia during the Vietnam War
- Cambodian Civil War 1970–1975 Close air support, gunship, transport and resupply for the Khmer Republic’s army against the Khmer Rouge and North Vietnamese forces
- Mayaguez incident 1975 Was on the receiving end: its salvaged aircraft at Ream were bombed on the ground
- Cambodian–Vietnamese War 1978–1989 The Khmer Rouge’s small air arm was overrun in 1979; the Vietnamese-backed successor was rebuilt during the war against the Khmer Rouge insurgency
- Cambodian–Thai border conflict 2025 No combat air role is recorded; Cambodian positions were the target of Thai air strikes
Royal Cambodian Air Force news from Afterburner
Everything MiGFlug’s magazine has published on the Royal Cambodian Air Force and the aircraft it flies. Bu liste kendini yeniliyor; yeni Afterburner haberleri otomatik olarak burada görünüyor.
Everything people ask about the Royal Cambodian Air Force
What is the Royal Cambodian Air Force called in Khmer?
Does Cambodia have fighter jets?
What aircraft does the Royal Cambodian Air Force fly?
How big is the Cambodian air force?
Did the Cambodian air force fight in the 2025 border war with Thailand?
Did Cambodia fly the MiG-21?
What happened to the Khmer Air Force in April 1975?
Who bombed the presidential palace in Phnom Penh in 1973?
Where is the Royal Cambodian Air Force based?
Did Cambodia ever shoot down an aircraft?
Read the aircraft the Royal Cambodian Air Force flew
Hayvanlar Kitabı'nda sayfası bulunan her tür, önce hizmete girdiği yıl, sonra da filodan ayrıldığı yıl sıralanmıştır.
Her bilgi kontrol edildi.
- The Defense Post (AFP): Thailand Says Over 100,000 Civilians Flee Clashes With Cambodia (25 July 2025)Thai F-16s scrambled to hit military targets; both sides blame the other; Thai toll 15 dead; Cambodia had not released casualty figures.
- The Defense Post: Thailand Launches Air Strikes Against Cambodian Military (8 December 2025)Thai army spokesman Winthai Suvaree on aircraft strikes; Cambodian defence spokeswoman Maly Socheata says Thailand attacked first and Cambodia did not retaliate.
- The Defense Post: Cambodia-Thailand Clashes Spread on Border (9 December 2025)Cambodian interior ministry: seven civilians killed; defence ministry on attacks near Preah Vihear temple; Thai army casualty figures.
- The Defense Post: Thailand and Cambodia Agree to Immediate Ceasefire (27 December 2025)Ceasefire from 12:00 on 27 December 2025 signed by the defence ministers; at least 47 killed in December.
- Agence Kampuchea Presse: New Evidence Confirms Thailand’s Bombing of Cambodian Territory (4 August 2025)Cambodian government news agency. CMAC director general Heng Ratana on an Mk 84 and two Mk 82 bombs with GBU-12 kits found in Oddar Meanchey, attributed by Cambodia to Thai F-16s. Attributed claim.
- Travel And Tour World: Old Phnom Penh Airport To Be Transformed into Thriving Public Park (21 October 2025)Plan announced by Prime Minister Hun Manet: a public park of over 200 hectares, a section kept for emergency air traffic, land kept in state hands; opening targeted for early 2026. No mention of the air force.
- Cambodia Airports: corporate siteConcessionaire of the international airports at Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville (VINCI Airports 70 per cent, Muhibbah Masteron Cambodia 30 per cent).
- Cambodia Air Traffic Services (CATS)National air navigation service provider, established April 2001; publisher of the eAIP, which could not be retrieved for this dataset, so no AIP-sourced coordinates or runway data are given.
- The Defense Post (AFP): Cambodia Says Thai Air Strikes Hit Home Province of Heritage Temples (15 December 2025)Cambodian defence ministry: a Thai jet bombed near a displaced-persons camp in Srei Snam district, Siem Reap province; Information Minister Neth Pheaktra said Thai F-16s penetrated more than 70 km. No Thai statement on the strike in the article.
Figures verified 2026-09-30. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.
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